Intel Itanium Architecture

(1)

Intel

®

_®

Itanium

_Itanium

®

_®

Architecture

_Architecture

Roadmap and Technology Update

Dr. Gernot Hoyler

Technical Marketing EMEA

(2)

Intel

®

_Itanium

®

_{Architecture Growth}

MARKET

•

• Over 3x revenue growth Y/Y*Over 3x revenue growth Y/Y*

•

• More than 10x growth* in More than 10x growth* in shipments of large SMP

shipments of large SMP

systems (64+)

IDC Worldwide Quarterly Server Tracker, August 2004

HARDWARE

•

• # OEM server models keep growing # OEM server models keep growing

•

• 8 of 9 RISC vendors selling 8 of 9 RISC vendors selling Intel Itanium

Intel Itanium--based serversbased servers 2002 2002 20032003 20042004 2P, 4P 2P, 4P 2020 5050 7070 8P 8P -- 128P128P 55 1515 2020

END

-

CUSTOMERS

•

• 38 of Global 100 companies using 38 of Global 100 companies using Intel Itanium

Intel Itanium--based servers todaybased servers today

•

• High profile wins: General Mills, High profile wins: General Mills, Pfizer, Thomson Financial, Procter

Pfizer, Thomson Financial, Procter

and Gamble, The Weather Channel,

First American Title, Motorola

SOFTWARE

•

• Over 100% Y/Y growthOver 100% Y/Y growth

• • 2004 forecast of 2000 2004 forecast of 2000 applications reached applications reached TODAY! TODAY! ₀ 1,000 2,000 1H’03 2H’03 1H’04 2H’04 0 1,000 2,000 1H’03 2H’03 1H’04 2H’04

(3)

Broad Ecosystem Support

Application

Choice

Operating System

Choice

System Vendor &

Platform Choice

y

y >2000 native applications>2000 native applications y

y 3232--bit application support with bit application support with IA

IA--32 Execution Layer32 Execution Layer yy Windows*, Linux*, and Unix* supportWindows*, Linux*, and Unix* support

•

• >70 vendors selling today>70 vendors selling today •

• 20 large SMP systems20 large SMP systems •

• 22--way to 256way to 256--way systemsway systems •

• 8 of 9 RISC vendors support8 of 9 RISC vendors support

OpenVMS*

Broad industry support

Choice that you don

(4)

Itanium

®

Processor Family:

A Strategic Product for Intel

Design teams working on

more than

6

6 future

future

processors

(5)

Intel

®

_Itanium

®

_{Processor Family}

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

future

800MHz 4MB L3-Cache 460GX Chip-set OEM Chip-sets 180nm Itanium® 2

Madison** Madison9M Montecito** Tukwila**

Common Platform >>1.6GHz 24MB iL3-Cache Dual-Core E8870 OEM Chip-sets 90nm 1.5GHz 6MB iL3-Cache E8870 Chip-set OEM Chip-sets 130nm 1GHz 3MB iL3-Cache E8870 Chip-set OEM Chip-sets 180nm 1.6GHz 9MB iL3-Cache E8870 Chip-set OEM Chip-sets 130nm Multi-Core Developed by former Alpha team **codename

(6)

Common Platform & Infrastructure

y

Today: Itanium

®

Processor exceeds

RISC performance & price / perf

y

Today: Itanium

®

platform delivering

superior price / performance

vs

Intel

®

Xeon

™

Processor on transaction

processing

–

30% more transactions at 10%

incremental cost of hardware platform/

OS / database***

y

’

07: Itanium

®

platform cost reduced to

parity with Intel

®

Xeon

™

processor

-

-based platforms

based platforms

–

Common platform components to lead to

common platform infrastructure over time

(7)

Choice and Flexibility for Evolving

Enterprise Servers

Architecture

of Choice

Current Architecture

or Solutions

Transition Benefits

Target Applications

Database, ERP, BI, HPC

Target Applications

MP: SCM, CRM, BI, ERP

DP: HPC, Application Server, Workgroup E

DP: HPC, Application Server, Workgroup E--Commerce, Portals, Firewall/Security, Workstation appsCommerce, Portals, Firewall/Security, Workstation apps

Mission critical 64

Mission critical 64--bit bit

architecture architecture –– Premier performance, Premier performance, reliability, scalability; reliability, scalability;

cost effective vs. RISC

Mainstream 64

Mainstream 64--bit bit

architecture;

price

price ––performance performance ––

reliability

Exceptional performance – choice of operating systems, software and hardware vendors TODAY

Exceptional performance

–

– choice of operating choice of operating systems, software and

systems, software and

hardware vendors TODAY

RISC Architecture RISC Architecture

RISC Architecture

64-bit support via Intel® _EM64T,

great performance for 32-bit applications

64

64--bit support bit support via Intel

via Intel®® _EM64T,_EM64T,

great performance

for 32

for 32--bit applicationsbit applications IA-32 Architecture

IA

IA--32 Architecture32 Architecture

* Performance tests and ratings are measured using specific computer systems and/or components and reflect the approximate performance of Intel products as measured by those tests. Any difference in system hardware or software design or configuration may affect actual performance.

(8)

Future technologies:

Processor and Platform Enhancements

●

● Multiple Cores and Thread

Multiple Cores and Thread

●

● Virtualization

Virtualization

●

(9)

Intel Processor Technology Trends

Era of Instruction Parallelism

Era of

Thread & Core Parallelism

(10)

Enterprise Multi

-

Core Transition

…

dual core a natural evolution

TODAY

Single Core

2005

Dual Core

-

2006

Multi

Future

-

Core

4 or more cores 4 or more cores + cache + cache 2 or more cores 2 or more cores + cache + cache

(11)

Itanium

®

_Architecture

Optimized for Multi

-

Core

y

Architecture:

Parallelism and many

registers to keep data

on

-

chip

y

Core size: Smaller

than IA

-

32, up to 2x

more cores per die on

than on IA

-

32

All products, dates, and figures are preliminary and are subject to change without notice.

* EPIC is Itanium’s architecture “Explicitly Parallel Instruction Set Computing”

(12)

Multi

-

Threading Approaches

Medium utilization Medium utilization Low complexity Low complexity

Medium latency hiding Medium latency hiding

Medium utilization Medium utilization Low complexity Low complexity High latency hiding High latency hiding

High utilization High utilization High complexity High complexity

Medium latency hiding Medium latency hiding Sharing resources Single thread/cycle Multiple thread/cycle Event Temporal A A A B B B B B A A A A B B B A A A B B B B B A A A A A A A A A B B B B B B B B B B B B A A A B B A A B B B A A B B B A A A B B B A A B B B B

“

(13)

Montecito Multi

-

_-

Threading

_Threading

Serial Execution

A

_i

Idle

A

_i+1

B

_i

Idle

B

_i+1

Montecito Multi

-

threaded Execution

A

_i

Idle

A

_i+1

B

_i

B

_i+1

Multi

(14)

Dynamic Thread Switching

y

Optimal

–

Determine when execution is stalled for

long latency operations

y

Practical

–

Predict that a long latency event will stall

execution

–

Hysteresis to avoid needless switches

y

hint@pause

gives software control

_{gives software control}

Effective solution allowing streaming and access clumping

(15)

Multi

-

_-

Level Parallelism

_{Level Parallelism}

y

MULTI

-

CORE

y

DUAL

-

CORE

y

MULTI

-

THREADING

y

SINGLE CORE

ILP,SIMD Thread Core

(

ILP, SIMD)

Die/Socket

(16)

Performance Innovations

y

Itanium

®®

_{Processor Performance Strategy: Increased}

performance/thread, then increased number of threads

y

Driven by:

–

– Increased frequencyIncreased frequency –

– Increased L3 cacheIncreased L3 cache –

– Increased bus speedIncreased bus speed

Increased Performance/Thread

Increased

Performance/

Thread

Multi

_Multi

_{Multi-threaded Performance}

-

threaded

Performance

y

Driven by:

–

– Dual core MontecitoDual core Montecito –

– MultiMulti--threading support in threading support in Montecito

Montecito

Floating Point Performance (Single thread) -Relative Performance 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Itanium® 2 Processor Itanium® 2 6M Itanium® 2 9M Montecito 4S Transaction Processing Relative Performance Source: I n tel Cor por ati o n A ll data measured at In tel on curre nt proces sors. Proje c tions on futu re p roce ssors base d on Intel

estimates using similar

w o rklo ad testing at In te l (Transaction proc essin g using 64GB of memor y , Fl oati ng poi nt usi ng 4GB).

Montecito: 4 virtual processors

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 Itanium® 2 Processor Itanium® 2 6M Itanium® 2 9M Montecito

*Third-party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners; Performance tests and ratings are measured using specific computer systems and/or components and

reflect the approximate performance of Intel products as measured by those tests. Any difference in system hardware or software design or configuration may affect actual performance. Buyers should consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance of systems or components they are considering purchasing. All products, dates,

(17)

First Implementation of Key Features:

Montecito

Power Management/ Frequency Boost (Foxton) 1MB L2I 1MB L2I Dual-core 2x12MB L3 2x12MB L3 caches caches with with Pellston Pellston 2 Way 2 Way Multi

Multi--threadingthreading

Arbiter Arbiter 90nm 90nm 1.7 Billion 1.7 Billion Transistors Transistors

y

Key Processor Features

–

Intel

’

s first dual

-

core processor

–

Intel

’

s first processor

with >1 billion transistors

–

24 MB L3 cache

–

Multi

-

threading

–

Compatible with existing

Itanium 2

-

based systems

–

Pellston

,

Foxton

and

Silvervale

Technology

y

Targeting H2

’

2005

System Bus Core L3 Cache Core L3 Cache System Bus Core L3 Cache Core L3 Cache Core 1 Core 2 Montecito

Multiple cores, Multiple threads

and L3 Cache on ONE die

(18)

Montecito Technologies

y

Pellston Technology

–

Automatically disables cache

lines in the event of a hard

cache memory error

–

Allows processor and system

to continue normal operation

y

Foxton Technology

–

Processor boosts performance

dynamically based on application

power consumption (up to 10%

freq.)

–

Largest performance impact

expected on

transaction

processing

to continue normal operation

Improve reliability / uptime

processing

More performance /

no platform modifications

More performance /

no platform modifications

Performance tests and ratings are measured using specific computer systems and/or components and reflect the approximate performance of Intel products as measured by those tests. Any difference in system hardware or software design or configuration may affect actual performance. Buyers should consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance of systems or components they are considering purchasing. All products, dates, and figures are preliminary and are subject to change without any notice. Copyright © Intel

Corporation 2004

y

Silvervale

Technology

–

Provides the hooks for a hardware

supported

virtualisation

–

Enables the Virtual Machine

Monitor to be more robust and

shows a higher performance

HW HW Va lu e Va lu e

Shared Physical Host Hardware

Memory Keyboard / Mouse Graphics Storage Network Silvervale

SilvervaleTechnologyTechnology

Virtual Machine Monitor

Virtual Machine Monitor VM1 VM1 OS(1) OS(1) VM VM--nn MRTE MRTE App

App AppApp

… … OS(N) OS(N) MRTE MRTE App

App AppApp …

…

Processors

Next level of Server Consolidation

(19)

Designing for Power

y

Leakage current increases exponentially as process

size decreases linearly

y

Business as usual is not an option

–

45nm CPU

might need 1kW

(20)

Transistor Design Roadmap

Extending Moore’s Law:

Continued World Leading Transistor Scaling and Novel Structures for Low Power / High Performance

(21)

Power Reduction Features

y

In addition to on

-

going improvements such as

voltage scaling, new power reduction features

are planned for each process generation

90nm 2003 65nm 2005 45nm 2007 32nm 2009 Strained silicon

D

Sleep transistors

D

High-k/ metal gate

D

Tri-gate transistors

D

(22)

Power Management Innovation

Growing Capabilities over TIME

Proliferate Benefits

Reduced Power

via Management

•

• Demand Based Demand Based Switching (

Switching (DBSDBS))

•

• Aggressive use Aggressive use of

of C1EC1Estatestate

Lower power cores

•

• Process (Process (65nm65nm))

Power Prediction/Monitoring

•

• Report Configuration Power Report Configuration Power (

(PConfigPConfig))

•

• Monitor Power (Monitor Power (PSMIPSMI))

TRANSISTORS

SILICON

(23)

Advances in Memory Technology

DDR2 Features

IT Benefits

DRAM Technology for Multiple

Generations

Increased Platform Longevity

Higher Bandwidth

Higher System Performance

Increased Server Density

Lower Power

On Die Termination

Increased Memory Density

Four

DIMMs

per Channel

Lower cost memory

configurations

(24)

Fully

(25)

DDR2 vs. FB

(26)

FBD & Dual Core Analysis

Simulation -- Theoretical Analysis

Unleashing Dual Core Performance Requires FBD

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% TPC-C FBD 2Ch FBD 4Ch Gains vs DDR2 2Ch 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% DDR2 2Ch FBD 2Ch FBD 4Ch

Memory Channel Utilization

FBD Addresses Mem Channel

Demands of Dual Core CPUs

FBD Performance Advantages

Significant with Dual Core CPUs

(27)

PCI Express* for I/O Advantages

I/O Breakthrough

Keep pace with rest of platform

Lower Cost

Standards-based & Serial I/O drive inherently lower product development &

manufacturing, and TCO

Investment Protection

“Future proofing” through 10 year roadmap. Increased RAS.

Rapid Enterprise Adoption

Majority of OEMs/ODMs with PCIe slots, compelling ’04 adapter availability, and strong IHV development

plans

“IDC expects PCI Express to be a

leading contender in keeping the

future IT infrastructure fed with lots

of I/O delivered quickly and

managed securely.”

- IDC, Vernon Turner, June 2003 I/O Netwo rk Proc esso r

Performance Bottleneck

Source: Merrill Lynch Source: Merrill Lynch

Performance

1980

(28)

PCI Express* Performance

Mellanox

Technologies Data

y

Mellanox

Measurements:

–

Realizing over 2.9x the

bandwidth of PCI

-

X 133

–

20% reduction in latency

–

reduced CPU overhead

y

Additional performance

possible with tuning

**Source: Mellanox Technologies(March 04) Full report available at :

http://www.mellanox.com/products/shared/InfiniHost_III_EX_Launch.pdf

InfiniHost III Ex Bandwidth (Actual)

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

IB Over PCI-X IB Single Port Over

8x PCI Express

IB Dual Port over 8x PCI Express

MB/s

Uni-directional B/W Bi-directional B/W

PCI-Express delivers significant performance

improvement over PCI-X

(29)

Vielen Dank !

(30)

Backup

(31)

Long Term Goal: 1M Transactions per Minute

Today

In 2007

With planned performance improvements,

a 4

a 4--way Itaniumway Itanium®®--based server in based server in ‘‘07 07 could deliver equivalent OLTP of a current

could deliver equivalent OLTP of a current

64

64--way system, delivering dramaticallyway system, delivering dramatically

y

y Lower TCOLower TCO

y

y Lower power consumptionLower power consumption

y

y Higher densityHigher density

Shown are representations of 64-way system (today) and 4-way system (2007). Not to scale.

All products, dates, comparisons, and information are preliminary and subject to change without notice.

(32)

SILVERVALE TECHNOLOGY

Better Virtualization through OSVs and ISVs

OS(X) MRTE App App App App OS(X) MRTE App App App App OS(X) MRTE App App App App OS(X) MRTE App App App App OS(1) OS(1) MRTE MRTE App App App App App App App App

Virtualization

End

User Benefits

•

• Reliability

Reliability

•

• Efficiency & flexibility

Efficiency & flexibility

•

• Security

Security

Silvervale

Technology Benefits

•

• Choice

Choice

•

• Robustness

Robustness

•

• Performance

Performance

NEW VIRTUALIZATION TECHNOLOGY NEW VIRTUALIZATION TECHNOLOGY

Shared Physical Host Hardware

Virtual Machine Monitor

Virtual Machine

Virtual MachineVirtual Machine Virtual Machine _{Virtual Machine}_{Virtual Machine}

Virtual Machine

(33)

IA

-

32 Execution Layer

Gives access to the iA

-

32

32 EcoSystem

EcoSystem

Operating System

Operating System AvailableAvailable

Microsoft* Windows* Server 2003 Enterprise Edition

Microsoft* Windows* Server 2003 Enterprise Edition 99 Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition

Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition 99 Microsoft Windows XP Professional 64

Microsoft Windows XP Professional 64--Bit EditionBit Edition 99 Red Hat* Enterprise

Red Hat* Enterprise LinuxLinux33 99 SGI* Advanced Linux Environment with ProPack* 3.0

SGI* Advanced Linux Environment with ProPack* 3.0 99 SUSE*

SUSE*Linux Entreprise Server 9Linux Entreprise Server 9 99 Asianux* 1.0

Asianux* 1.011 _2H_2H_’_’₀₄₀₄

Red Flag DC Server 4.1

Red Flag DC Server 4.111 _2H_2H_’_’₀₄₀₄

Red Flag* Advanced Server 4.1

Red Flag* Advanced Server 4.111 _2H_2H_’_’₀₄₀₄

Miracle Linux* 3.0

Miracle Linux* 3.011 _2H_2H_’_’₀₄₀₄

y

y For Microsoft Windows, IA-For Microsoft Windows, IA-32 EL is currently32 EL is currentlyavailable at Microsoft Download Centeravailable at Microsoft Download Center, and will ship , and will ship with Windows Server 2003 SP1 RTM

with Windows Server 2003 SP1 RTM y

y For Linux, IA-For Linux, IA-32 EL ships or will ship with the OS, as indicated by the availa32 EL ships or will ship with the OS, as indicated by the availability datebility date

All products, dates, comparisons and information are preliminary and subject to change without notice.

1

1 _{Asianux 1.0 includes Red Flag Advanced Server 4.1 and Miracle Li}_{Asianux 1.0 includes Red Flag Advanced Server 4.1 and Miracle Li}_{nux 3.0.}_{nux 3.0.}

Itanium Itanium®® 2 2 processor processor IA IA--3232 H/W H/W IA IA--32 Code32 Code IPF Code IPF Code IA IA--32 EL32 EL

Availability

●

● Historically, support of IAHistorically, support of IA--32 32

applications has been carried out by

on

on--die hardwaredie hardware ●

● When using OS with IAWhen using OS with IA--32 EL, 32 EL, support for IA

support for IA--32 applications is 32 applications is provided by IA

provided by IA--32 EL32 EL

Performance Scaling with

Future Processors Future Processors11 '03 '03 Itanium® Processor Family IA-32 EL '04 '04 '05'05 '06'06 ~ Xeon™ Processor MP 1.5 GHz Itanium® 2 Processor 1.5 GHz SPECint_base2000* SPECint_base2000*