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CANADA IN THE COLD WAR
Countries in the Cold War
Soviet Union/USSR/CCCP/The Motherland/Russia
The USSR flag is one of the most iconic flags during the 20th century. Adopted during 1924, this flag would go over a few changes, and would no longer be in use in 1991, when the Soviet Union fell. The Flag has a red backround with a hammer and sickle in the top left corner, with a yellow and red star on top of the hammer and sickle. The hammer and sickle represent workers, peasents, and the victorious revolutionary alliance, while the star represents the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
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America/US/USA/Merica/The Union
The iconic American flag was the capitalist superpower in the Cold War. It was adopted in 1959 by a high schooler who wanted a higher grade. The 50 stars represent the 50 states that are in the Union. The 13 stripes represent the first 13 colonies that took over British lands in North America.
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CANADA IN THE COLD WAR
Canada/CAN/Maple Syrup/The True North/The Dominion of Canada
Canada was a key ally of the United States, and was one of the founders of NATO. After no longer being a Dominion of Britain, Canada changes its flag and removes its old one. The flag includes red and white stripes, with a maple leaf in the center.
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UK/United Kingdom/Britain/Great Britain/British Empire
The UK was the largest empire in human history, bigger than the Mongol Empire, bigger then the French, and bigger than Russia. The Union Jack (what the UK flag is called) is coloured blue, red, and white. This is the part where it becomes a bit complicated. The blue triangles and white stripes near the corners represent Scotland. The giant red plus in the middle with white stripes around it is England. And the red stripes that are on the white stripes of Scotland are Northern Ireland. (Why no Wales?)
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CANADA IN THE COLD WAR
The Republic of China/ROC/Nationalist China/Taiwan
The ROC was the old government of China, and was a capitalist republic. Its flag is similar to the flag of Samoa. The flag has a blue canton taking ¼ of the flag with a white sun in it, while a red area takes up ¾ of the flag. It fell to Mao Zedong’s communist regime. It now resides in
Taiwan/Formosa.
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People’s Republic of China/PRC/Communist China/Mainland China
The PRC is the new and current government of China. Led by Mao Zedong, Chinese Communists took over mainland china, kicking out the old government and putting them on Formosa. Its flag is a red back round with five yellow stars in the top left area.
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CANADA IN THE COLD WAR
NATO/North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NATO was a alliance between North America and Europe. It was a organization that would defend other nations. Basically, if lets say, Canada was attacked by Russia, then all other NATO members would attack Russia. The flag has a navy blue back round, with a star-like emblem in the middle, with white lines around it.
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WTO/Warsaw Pact/Warsaw Pact Organization
The Warsaw Pact was an organization created by the Soviet Union in order to make the ties of the Soviet Satelite States stronger, after West Germany joined NATO. The Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, and East Germany were in the Warsaw Pact. The emblem fetures a red star, 2 hands shaking, and cyrilic letters.
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CANADA IN THE COLD WAR
Canada in the Cold War
Quick Explanation of the Cold War: The Cold War is basically a war of wars, between the capitalist United States of America, and the communist C.C.C.P. (or USSR or Soviet Union if you want to say it.) Many wars were fought in the Cold War, such as the Vietnam war, or the Korean war. The Cold War was after the Second World War which is 1945.
Note: There is a lot of stuff left out, because it would become more complicated.
1940’s
1945, Europe before the defeat of Japan: After the defeat of Nazi Germany when Hitler shot himself in his bunker, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin, and Harry Truman had a meeting in Berlin, where they talked about an atomic bomb, and elections for the freed countries in Europe. Stalin then proceeded to make Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and East Germany communist. Shortly after, America dropped the atomic bomb onto Hiroshima and Nagasaki, ending WW2. Canada contributed to making atomic bomb for the Manhattan Project.
1946, The Greek Civil War, Turkish Straits Crisis, and the Gouzenko Affair: The Greek Civil war was a war between the old Greek Government, and the Communist rebels. With the help from the British, the old government won. Meanwhile, Soviets demanded more control over Turkey’s sea access routes, when America proceeded to in the simplest way possible, back off. In February of 1946, Canada given political asylum to Igor Gouzenko. A few weeks before WW2 ended, Gouzenko had returned to Russia after spying on Canada, America, and U.K. in the Soviet Ottawa embassy.
1947, Release of the Truman Doctrine, and the Second Red Scare: The Truman Doctrine was a document released by Truman stating that communism should be contained. The Second Red Scare began, and became heated when the Soviets developed their first a-bomb, and would be tested in 1949.
1948, Berlin Airlift: The Soviets blocked routes into East Germany, so America decided to send planes to drop supplies into Berlin.
1949, End of the Greek Civil War, Formation of NATO, the first Soviet Nuke, and the start of the arms race.: After the defeat of the communists in Greece, NATO, or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization formed. Its founding members are: USA, Canada, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, Portugal, Iceland, and the UK. NATO was an organization led by the US to defend countries of the North Atlantic. In 1949, the Soviets dropped their first bomb, and began the arms race. Both America and the Soviets began to heavily build bigger and better bombs.
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1950’s
1950, End of the Chinese Civil War, and Start of the Korean War: The Chinese Civil War ended with a huge communist victory after Mao Zedong and his forces took over the old government. The Nationalists (aka the old government) fled to Formosa, otherwise known as Taiwan. The Korean War started when Russia gave some military aid to North Korea (aka DPRK), and told them to conquer South Korea (aka ROK). The combined forces of 16 countries went to the Korean Peninsula, and helped out the South. When the North was about to give up, Mao thought that the combined forces would continue into Manchuria, and he decided to aid North Korea. The war would not stop until 1953, and a true peace treaty would happen 2018. Canada helped the combined forces in North Korea. A man from Quebec named Leo Major, who liberated an entire town in the Netherlands after Nazis killed his friend, helped out during the Korean war. After, he was given the Distinguished Conduct Medal, which he accepted after denying the first medal during the Second World War. Over 26,000 Canadians served in Korea, and served as the Canadians third most-bloodiest conflict.
1952, US election, and the first Hydrogen bomb: It was time for the elections. After Truman and his term ended, World War 2 general Eisenhower rose to power. After atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs were the next thing to make. The Soviets made the first hydrogen bomb, and dropped 1 in 1953.
1953, Death of Stalin, a new leader, the East German Uprising, and the drop of the first hydrogen bomb: Hey Stalin, how you doing- Oh, he is dead. Stalin had a cerebral hemorrhage, and he imprisoned all of his good doctors, and those who remained were too scared to treat him. Nikita Khrushchev rose to power after Stalin’s death. In East Germany, an uprising occurred, and they were brutally suppressed. After the first hydrogen bomb was developed, the Soviets dropped it. 1955, Anti Communist Statements from Canadair, West Germany joins NATO, and the Warsaw Pact: Jet aircraft manufacturer Canadair released the typical anti-communist statement. After West Germany was allowed to join NATO, the Soviets made the Warsaw Pact, a military pact that made the USSR and its puppet states military ties stronger.
1956, de-Stalinization, and more brutally suppressed people: During 1956 and onwards, Nikita de-Stalinized, by taking down statues of Stalin, and renaming Stalingrad to Volgograd. The Hungarian Revolution resulted in more people being brutally suppressed, and the Poznan Protests resulted into more brutally suppressed people.
1957, Launch of Sputnik, and the beginning of the space race: The Soviets sent Sputnik, worlds first satellite, into space during this year. This began the space race between America and the USSR.
1959, American National Exhibition opens in Moscow, and the Cuban Revolution: The A.N.E. opens up in Moscow, attended by vice president Richard Nixon. 2 guys in a certain bar in Mexico
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CANADA IN THE COLD WAR
City, 1 of which is Fidel Castro, decide to overthrow the Cuban Government, and make a communist state in the backyard of America.
1960s
1960, American election, and the start of the Sino-Soviet Split: Eisenhower was turned down, and America elected John F. Kennedy, which we will call JFK. 1960 was the start of the ties breaking between the new government of China (PRC) and the CCCP.
1961, The Berlin Wall, Bay of Pigs invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the first man in space: If you thought the other parts were pretty heated, its going become even more heated now in 1961. After people in East Berlin escape into West Berlin, the Soviets built a giant wall separating West Berlin from East Berlin and East Germany, which made ties between America and the USSR more heated, along with the entire Warsaw Pact having a wall between them and NATO territory that they bordered. An extremely long wall, stretching from northern East Germany, all the way to Slovenia in Yugoslavia. Thought that was pretty bad? Then how about the Bay of Pigs invasion. The Bay of Pigs invasion was a part of America trying to overthrow Fidel Castro, and was won by Cuba, and a humiliating loss for America. Meanwhile, Soviet medium missiles couldn’t reach anywhere near America other than Alaska, and the Yukon I wonder if there is an exotic island in the Caribbean that is close to America and can send missile at them and Canada anytime… Oh yeah, Cuba. The Soviets put their missiles in Cuba, which got even more heated, so America decided to do a naval blockade around Cuba. This made the CCCP angry, and got even more heated because the USSR readied their military and their bombs. The US did the same. Meanwhile, Canadian forces were put onto high alert. Then for the first time, it went from DEFCON 3 to DEFCON 2. DEFCON 1 means nuclear war. A Soviet submarine thought that war already broke out, and 2 senior officers gave the go commit fire at America, but then, the 3nd senior officer, Vasili Arkhipov, refused to put his hand on the button to fire their arms at America. The day before the Americans were going invade Cuba, Nikita was said if they removed their arms from Turkey, they’d remove theirs from Cuba. America proceeded to remove their arms in Turkey, and the Soviets followed with their arms in Cuba. Meanwhile, the Soviets sent the first man into space, Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin.
1963, Assassination of JFK: While chilling with people in an open top car, JFK was head shot by a sniper in Dallas, Texas. He later died in the hospital.
1964, Nikita has been replaced, and the vice president: The USSR kicked out Nikita as their leader, and elected Leonid Brezhnev. After JKF’s death, Lyndon B Johnson, the vice president, rose to power.
1965, America joins the Vietnam War: If you thought 1961 was heated, then oh boy. It was the Communist North Vietnam + Soviet and Vietcong support, and the Capitalist South Vietnam + America. Thanks to the leader of South Vietnam, more locals wanted the support of the Vietcong. America feared the domino affect where after Vietnam is communist, will Cambodia be next? Laos? Thailand? India? So, America sent in their troops, but they fought in a way they never
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fought before. Let’s play find the Vietcong soldier! Can’t find him? It’s because the Vietcong hid in the jungles. Trees? They hid there. Bushes? They hid there. This paper? They probably hid there. The Vietcong used the Ho Chi Minh Trail through Laos and Cambodia to get to the South Vietnamese.
1968, Nixon rises to power, and the Prague Spring: After LBJ failed to beat North Vietnam, and public opinion starts to sour, Richard Nixon rises to power and begins to pull out Americans in Vietnam. After the other uprisings in the Warsaw Pacts states, you can guess, that’s right, more brutally suppressed people.
1969, One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind: Apollo 11, an American spacecraft, lands on the Moon, with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, and become the first of mankind to walk onto the moon. They walked on the Moon for 3 hours.
1970s
1971, All missiles leave Canada: In 1969, Pierre Trudeau would announce that missiles would be withdrawn from Canada, and in 1971, they would be removed.
1972, Nixon’s visit to Moscow, the SALT agreement, and Nixon’s Visit to China: Richard Nixon decided to visit Moscow in 1972. The SALT agreement, that limited nuclear weapons. After, Richard Nixon visited the People’s Republic.
1973, Leonid’s visit to Washington D.C.: After Richard Nixon’s visit to Moscow, Leonid decides to travel to Washington D.C.
1974, Nixon’s uh oh: After Nixon did an uh oh at the Watergate Scandal, vice president Gerald Ford rose to power.
1977, Euromissile Crisis, and Jimmy Carter: In 1977, Europe saw more armed and better missiles scattered between Warsaw Pact members, and NATO members deployed in Europe. Jimmy Carter was elected after Gerald Ford, in the 1976 elections.
1979, Soviet-Afghan War: The Soviets decided to invade Afghanistan through the Central Asian SSRs, to stop an American sponsored Islamic Insurgency.
1980s
1980, Ronald Regan: After Jimmy Carter, the people of the US elected Ronald Regan, who was a bit of a game changer for the US. Regan continued the Arms Race, as well more tech in computers and lasers.
1981, The Canadarm: After America sends a man into space, Canadians invent the Canadarm, an arm for space technology, which would help with the future invention of the International Space Station.
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CANADA IN THE COLD WAR
1982, Leonid’s death: After Leonid got too old, he died and was later replaced with Yuri Andropov.
1983, The Korean airliner, and the SDI: Soviets shot down a Korean Airliner when it went strayed into its airspace. The SDI or Star Wars, was basically a giant anti-atomic bomb shield for the US, but it was expensive and kind of stupid.
1984, Death of Yuri: After being elected for a year, Yuri got really old and died. Konstantin Cherneko took his place.
1985, Konstantin dies: After only being in power for a single year, Konstantin dies, and Mikhail Gorbachev, who was a game changer. After being elected, Gorbachev starts Glastnost and Perestroika, reforming the Communist Party, allowing more openness, and restructuring. People were allowed to insult the government, and enjoy western culture. Gorbachev also needed to end the Arms Race to save the Soviet economy, and a friendly relation with the West needed to be started.
1987, The INF Treaty: Regan and Gorbachev signed a treaty, and all intermediate-range missiles were eliminated.
1989, Free Elections, and the Fall: After the Hungarian prime minister visited Moscow, Gorbachev allowed elections in the Warsaw Pact countries. Poland had an election in June, and the anti-communist party won from 99-1. Hungary followed with the October elections, but also, the Wall Across the Hungarian Austrian border fell, which meant that the Berlin Wall, was falling. In November, thousands went to the wall blocking the East from the West, and tore it down. The Iron Curtain was falling. Meanwhile, the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia occurred, and the Romanian Revolution in Romania. The American people decided to elect George H. W. Bush. Soviet Elections with multiple parties occurred, with Gorbachev as the Communist Party and Boris Yeltsin as the Democratic Party.
1990s
1991, December 26th: The CCCP flag over Moscow fell, and was replaced with the Russian one. As the Soviet Anthem played, the Russian Federation was established, on the 26th, resulting in the end of the Cold War, with an American victory.
