SYNTAX
Serving Timex-Sinclair Personal ComputersVOL.4 NO.9
A PUBLICATION OF
THE HARVARD GROUP
ISSN 0273-2696 SEPT., 1983
IN THIS ISSUE
MEMOTECHf PRINTER INCOMPATIBILITY SOLVED 8K Programs
Distance.14 Rhythm Fun.16 Zip-to-State,
State-to-Zip.8 Better Scrolling.6 Book Review
ZX81/Timex
Programming in BASIC
& Machine Language....22 Classified Ads.22 Dear Editor.12 Clarification
Winky Board II.3 Errors.3 Hardware Project
Cheap Power.18 Hardware Review
Memotext Word
Processor.4 Hidden REMs.17 MC INKEY$ Subroutine...19 New Products
and Services.2 News.1 Program Access
Security System.10 Program Improvement
SAVEing unSAVEable
Programs.7 Software Review
ZXDIS Disassembler.7 User Friendly
Legal Advice—Pt. II...4 Users' Groups.3 Vendor Reports.3
Index of Advertisers Byte-Back.21 E-Z Key.10 Suntronics.5 SYNTAX..
Memotech reports the cause of Memopak/TS2040 printer incompatibility—3 unneeded printer capacitors (C4-C6). We (Jun.83) reported the cause as inadequate power supplies; this lat¬
er proved true for only some TS2040S. Con¬
tact Memotech to learn the needed modifica¬
tions. Memotech Corp., 7550 W. Yale Ave., Denver, CO 80227, 303/986-1526. (See New Products' COMPUMENTOR for another fix.—LFV) TS1500 RAM TROUBLE
Industry sources inform SYNTAX that testing of several RAMs—Memotech, Byte-Back, Glad¬
stone, Persona, and D'ktronics—shows they will not work with current TS1500 demos.
(Timex could still alter the retail models.) The reason: RAM CS is disabled (Timex RAMs do not modify RAM CS). TS1000 software, and hardware in the 8K-16K block (such as paral¬
lel printer ports, and some Memotech prod¬
ucts) do work with demo 1500s. Timex plans to distribute 25-30,000 units about 9/1.
TS2068 UPDATE
TS2068s may grace your mailboxes by the end of September. Timex says Reagan's FCC cuts delayed approval. You can order products by direct mail from Timex—Timex Computer Corp., Waterbury, CT 06720, 203/573-5000. Telephone first to confirm price & model availability.
NETWORK INTERFACE FOR SPECTRUM
Sinclair Research announces the ZX Interface I, enabling 64-machine, 100 Kbaud local area networking and modem transmission. Available in about a month; priced about $140 (US) with RS232 interface, software. Micro-X Ltd., 5 Coverdale Rd., Brondesbury, London NW21 4DB, UK, 011-44-1-459-1089. SYNTAX believes Timex will produce a similar device for the TS2068.
1
NEW PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
Surge clamping diodes, 0.21"x0.38"
max. dimensions, 1" lead, 5V TTL,
$4.25. 11.IV, 15.3V $4.50 each.
P&H. Matthew Zenkar, 1432 Holcroft Rd., Rochester, NY 14612.
SyncMaster offers 10% discount on any TS software to users' groups that have published newsletters for at least six months. Send name, address, contact name, two most recent newsletters. SyncMaster, POB 511, Oak Ridge, NC 27310.
Solutions to exercises in The Com¬
plete Sinclair ZX81 and Timex TS 1000 BASIC Course (Melbourne House) for $5/listing. IK RAM. John B.
Carson, Jr., 11200 Lockwood Dr.,
#307, Silver Spring, MD 20901.
The Computer NEWSletter indexes SYNTAX articles and other TS publi¬
cations (TI, TS, Atari edition).
10 issues/yr,/$15. The Directory of Computer Books in Print lists publications. 5 updates/yr/$10.
The Computer NEWSletter. POB 952, Cleveland, OH 44120, 216/283-8871.
SUNRISE/SUNSET program calculates sunrise and sunset times. CALENDAR PLANNER stores year's personal
events. Each tape 16K, $9.95 (CA res. add tax.) I.M.S. Enterprises, POB 4503, Lancaster, CA 93539.
SCREEN-FILE index holds over 17,000 characters in only 16K, $19.95.
Banta Software, 8088 Highwood Way, Orangevale, CA 95662, 916/722-4895.
User's group members—10% off total purchase price until 9/25/83. 16- 64K DATA MASTER $5.95, 16K EXTEND¬
ER-6 TOOLKIT $4.95, 2K or greater (Hunter NVM) NVM TOOLKIT $4.95. L.
Harmon, 4909 Clearlake Dr., Metairie, LA 70002.
JOGMATH teaches basic math skills.
$12.75 tape+$1.25 P&H. ZX-PANDING, POB 25, Newton, NC 28658.
Microtrends Computer Festival and Expo for the Future, TS section.
Ft. Mason Center, San Francisco, admission $7.50. Micro Byte Pro¬
ductions, 1127 Pope St., St.
Helena, CA 94574, 707/963-2983.
SCOVI (Software controlled Video Inverter) inverts video display, merges with program. 16K, $9.95.
MXP Series solves complex expres¬
sions in math, physics, eng.,
$20.95 ea., Nucleus module $15.95, ea. 16K. SYBER INC., POB 972, Ocean Spring, MI 39564.
TS-ART graphics—sets any bkgrnd., defines new graphic commands,
$12.95 + $1.50 S&H. KSOFT CO., 845 Wellner Rd., Naperville, IL 60540.
E-Z Key joystick plugs into E-Z Key 60 keyboard, functions like arrow keys. $29.95, E-Z Key, Suite 75, 711 Southern Artery, Quincy, MA 02169, 617/773-1187.
PI2040 printer interface allows peripheral compatibility with TS2040. Works with all Memotech products. Sold with PC2040 ribbon cable, has expansion connector for additional piggy-back add-ons.
$37.95 + $2.50 P&H. COMPUMENTOR, Suite 405, 1919 14th St., Boulder, CO 80302. MC/VISA orders 800/458- 5858 x577, in CO 800/458-4545 x577.
ZX Spectrum discounts: 16K $122.43 (79.50 pounds), 48K $156.31 (101.50 pounds). Micro-X Ltd., 5 Coverdale Rd., Brondesbury, London NW2 4DB, UK, 01-459-1089.
Glare-Guard designed for use with ZX/TS computers, fits 12" screen.
Amber, reduces glare. $6.95+$l P&H. R. Dyl, 15 Kilburn Ct., New¬
port, RI 02840, 401/849-3805.
Suburban Computer Fair, TS section, Norwood, MA, Sept. 24-25, $4.50.
Contact Linda Barbrick, Technology Mktng. Co., POB 122, Quincy, MA 02170, 617/773-5197.
2
SYNTAX ERRORS VENDOR REPORTS AND NOTES Russell Crum reports an error in
lines 750 and 800 in RETURN ON INVESTMENT (Aug.83 p.8) Change both from GOTO 830 to GOTO 820 to prevent endless looping for data combinations that cause iterative computations to fall below 0.1%.
Add MicroSync's phone number to VENDOR REPORTS (Jun.83). Micro- Sync, 162R Marlboro St., Keene, NH, 603/352-8575. Tech, help T, Th 3-6 PM, nontech, problems M-F 3-6 PM.
CLARIFICATION
Winky Board manufacturer Gerry Rus¬
sell sent the following clarifica¬
tions and additions to the Winky Board II review (Aug.83): The SAVE filter feature should be used only if high frequency RAM pack noise prevents SAVEing. LEDs indicate output, not recording levels. Use of tape head alignment as suggested in the manual improves LOADing.
Kit assembly requires more than three solder joints. Burned out LEDs will be replaced free. Winky is not advertised as a tape sound conditioner or tape filter. Winky comes with a money-back guarantee if not happy. Gerry adds to USER FRIENDLY LEGAL ADVICE (Aug.83): It is legal to copy a purchased copy¬
righted tape for your personal use.
ZX/TS USERS1 GROUPS
Hollywood, CA: Timex Users Co-op, Charles Miller, 1223 N. Hoover St., Los Angeles, CA 90029.
Ypsilanti, MI: Clive Norman, 554 Rosedale Rd., Ypsilanti, MI 48197.
Dallas, TX: New contact person:
Julie Barrett, 2624 E. Park Blvd., Plano, TX 75024, 214/578-8255.
Hagerstown, MD: Jr. group, up to age 16, Toby Posch, 908 View St., Hagerstown, MD 21740.
Brainchild's Gwen Marsh happily reports that all Kolorworks back orders are filled, and future de¬
liveries should take about 4-6 wks.
Kolorworks $149.95, $4.95 S&H, demo tape $9.95. Brainchild, POB 506 Pewaukee, WI 53072, 414/691-3903.
Proprietary International's Randy Wear says delivery of ZT21000 co¬
processors will be delayed until about Oct. 1. PI, 131 LaSalle Rd., Streamwood, IL 60103, 608/255-2325.
SYNTAX and other customers cannot locate Frog Software or its prin¬
cipals by mail or phone. You can request a complaint form to initi¬
ate action if Frog has your money and you have nothing to show for it. Robert Abrams, Atty. General, Bureau of Consumer Fraud and Pro¬
tection, State Capital, Albany, NY 12224, 518/474-5481.
Don't expect your Kopak keyboard until early October, and expect indefinite delays on Z-99 Com¬
pilers, reports Kopak's Robert Schiller. E-Z Loaders were being shipped at press time. Kopak, 119 Peter St., Union City, NJ 07087.
800/222-0903, in NJ 201/864-4410.
Downsway Electronics, UK, now manu¬
factures TS RAM packs in Indio, CA.
Downsway also distributes TS soft¬
ware by mail order and deaders in North America. Downsway Califor¬
nia, Inc., 81824/D6 Trader Place, Indio, CA 92201, 619/342-1223.
Paul Hunter's nonvolatile memory board costs more as of Sept. 1.
Basic 2K kit $32.95, additional three 6116LP-3 $19.00, $1.95 S&H per order. Contact Paul for com¬
plete price list. Paul tells us he has sold over 1,000 kits in Japan, Australia and Malaysia, as well as throughout Europe and N. America.
Paul Hunter, 1630 Forest Hills Dr., Okemos, MI 48864, 517/349-5650.
3
USER FRIENDLY LEGAL ADVICE—PT. II Should you sell or license your program? Advantages to sel¬
ling your program: you get more money more quickly, and avoid pos¬
sible low royalties if the program sells poorly. If you sell, your contract should specify warranties and obligations post-sale (i.e., mods, debugging).
Licensing gives you more con¬
trol. A license allows you to retain ownership and allows the licensee to use or distribute your program. You can license to com¬
panies in different parts of the world. You can impose trade secre¬
cy limitations more easily in a license vs. sale agreement. You may get more income in royalties.
Run a credit check on any com¬
pany you sell or license to, by requesting references or using a credit check service.
Understand the contract com¬
pletely—US vs. world rights, the length of term and if rights return to you vs. company renewal option after the licensing period expires.
Most license agreements in¬
clude royalties and an initial cash payment (advance against royal¬
ties). The licensee can recoup the advance out of your program's in¬
come before he pays your royalty.
If you're offered no advance, you're not likely to make money.
NET MEANS NOTHING—an old law¬
yer's adage that's important to remember. If your royalty is cal¬
culated against net income from your program, the company can and will deduct their expenses (adver¬
tising, shipping, etc.) from gross income, calculating your royalty on a very small amount. Definition of income should be the company's en¬
tire proceeds from sales—the most common and fairest agreement.
Jonathan Wallace, Esq., 51 E.
42nd St., Suite 1601, NY, NY 10017 (Wallace's clientele includes soft¬
ware designers.—LFV)
HARDWARE REVIEW
Product: Memotext Word Processor From: Memotech Corp.
7550 W. Yale Ave.
Denver, CO 80227 Price: $49.95, $4.95 S&H
At last—a commercial word processor for ZX/TS computers using standard word processing functions!
Memotech supplies its word processor on an EPROM. Its color coordinates with your computer and other Memotech add-ons. Mine sits behind my Memotech keyboard and parallel printer interfaces, and in
front of my 64K Memopak and Byte- Back modem. Memotext supports both the Memotech RS232 and Centronics interfaces and works with many printers. My full-size Seikosha GP-250X printer produces nice copy with Memotext.
Features: you can input at a fast typing speed, two complemen¬
tary files are supported (text and data files), you can set up prompts within your text, and you can jus¬
tify your margins. You can word¬
wrap, move, search, exchange and underline or boldface if your printer supports these functions.
To use Memotext, turn it on with its own on/off switch after you see the K cursor. If you use a 64K RAM, first POKE in RAMTOP (POKE 16388,255, POKE 16389, 255, NEW) to give you maximum memory.
Memotext does not work with the Memotech HRG, despite an ade¬
quate power supply. Memotech knows about this problem and is working to solve it.
Overall, I am very pleased with Memotext. One minor gripe—
Memotech should include actual screen examples of text in the manual, to facilitate use. But after spending a short amount of time with Memotext, everything falls into place. Thanks again, Memotech; keep up the good work.
Joseph Kernaghan, Hilton, NY 4
BEST KEYBOARD AVAILABLE!
For Your
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• No Soldering
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SUN KD-81
If you’re tired of not knowing whether your data got entered or tired of pok¬
ing data in with one or two fingers, then it’s time to upgrade your ZX-81 to a full size, professional keyboard. The SUN KD-81 KEYBOARD offers all the ease and comfort of inputting your programs and text on a fast and ef¬
ficient professional-sized keyboard!
KD-81 FEATURES
• Full size keyboard with 41 keys
•Two color silk-screened key tops for easy reading
• Key tops have commands and graphics spelled out the same as ZX-81
• Extra shift key for real keyboard- style typing
• Full size space bar
• Allows touch typing
• Rear cutout allows any RAM or
expansion module to be plugged in
• Keyboard comes with own cables
• Keyboard case holds both keyboard and computer with room to spare
• High impact plastic case with vaporized metal shielding
• Easy assembly — no soldering, no modifications
• Measures 10%" x 71/*" x 2%"
DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME
GET A BETTER PICTURE WITH SAMWOO
SAMWOO provides a much better picture for your Sinclair Computer than your TV monitor. Simple modification pro¬
cedure includes easy-to-follow instructions.
9" 18Mhz BANDWIDTH
Green.$115.00 Orange.119.00
12" 12Mhz BANDWIDTH
Green.$124.00 Orange.127.00
Add $7.50 Shipping and Handling for this item.
MONITORS Features:
• Composite Video Input/Output
• Switchable Input Impedance 75 or lOKohm
• 750 Line Resolution at Center and 500 Lines at Corners
• Dimensions are 12.13" x 11.34" x 11.65" for the 12"
model and 8.66" x 8.54" x 9.05" for the 9" model
Simple installation steps included with each kit.
RAM MODULES
• Built-in output connector for piggyback
• Up for mounting on ZX-81 & KD-81
• High-impact plastic case with vaporized metal shielding
• 6.6" wide, 3.2" high, 1.08" deep
16K $49.95 MX-16KP
64K $119.00 MX-64KP
J
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12621 Crenshaw Blvd., Hawthorne, CA 90250
STORE HOURS: MON.-FRI. 9:00 am to 6:30 pm SATURDAY 10:00 am to 5:00 pm
CALIFORNIA OUTSIDE CALIFORNIA TOLL FREE
213-644-1149 1-800-421-5775
(for Tech Info and Calif, orders) (Order Desk Only) Mail Order — Minimum Order $10. Send Money Order or Check to P.O. BOX 1957 — HAWTHORNE, CA 90250. VISA or Mastercard (please include expiration date).
Add $4.00 postage and handling to order. CA residents add 6% sales tax.
✓ v
BETTER SCROLLING
SCROLL subroutines in the Sin¬
clair 8K ROM run disappointingly slow with BASIC arcade-type graph¬
ics games, especially those using full graphic backgrounds. Several programming techniques can speed up SCROLLing functions to an accept¬
able level.
Type in listing one and RUN it. You'll see the inverse numbers and letters PRINTed slowly across the bottom of your screen.
Improve this by filling in the bottom row with a 32-character
string (B$) as shown in listing two. Even so, the characters still visibly creep across the bottom, because the 8K ROM SCROLL routine collapses the last non-empty row down to a single ENTER character
(118d) every time SCROLL executes.
When you PRINT this collapsed bot¬
tom row, ROM subroutines rebuild it slowly, one character at a time.
30 l_et b$ =
Listing four demonstrates a way that the bottom of the screen can fill rapidly with a changing pattern of characters. Lines 30-50 initialize variables B$, T, and A.
Line 70 calculates a displacement (D) which varies with the sine of T and ranges from 1 to 31. Line 80 fools row 21 into the filled state
(as above), then slices B$ into two smaller strings of length D-l and 32-D. This same line then PRINTS these smaller strings in reverse order for an amusing sine wave graphics display. (For variety, alter line 30 so that B$ contains 32 graphics characters of your choice.) Experiment by using any function to alter the displacement.
(I chose sine arbitrarily.)
30 LET =
Listing three demonstrates an elegant solution to this problem
(first described by John Oliger, SYNTAX, Apr.82 p.6). Line 50 PRINTS AT 21,31; this effectively rebuilds the collapsed bottom row to its full state almost instantly, rather than a character at a time.
This line continues by PRINTing AT 21,0;B$ to to properly place the long string (B$) on the bottom row.
Now RUN listing three—you'll note that it runs significantly faster;
the bottom row appears more quickly than the eye can follow.
This sine wave display uses random graphics characters in line 30, listing four—LFV.
6
Listing five shows how to nearly double the speed of listing four. Lines 40-70 calculate all displacements ahead of time and store them in an array. When the slicing, PRINTing and SCROLLing execute in lines 100-130, the com¬
puter wastes no display time on the calculation of the trig (or other function). This technique, how¬
ever, eats up quite a bit of memory in some applications.
These methods come in handy for speeding up any BASIC software that uses SCROLL. Try them in your graphics game programs.
Dan Tandberg, M.D., Albuquerque, NM PROGRAM IMPROVEMENT
SAVE CHR$ USR 832 "program name" works very well to save my unSAVEable programs (SYNTAX Jul.83 p.6). But the short time interval between LOAD and SAVE (about five seconds) prevents changing tapes to SAVE the program, as the author suggests. Instead, allow the sys¬
tem to go into SAVE and then press BREAK (obtaining an error report).
Then LIST the program to find the line with SAVE "program name." Set your recorder in a normal, unpan- icky time-frame. Next, enter GOTO
(line number with SAVE). This
method works well on all my unSAVE¬
able programs. Congratulations to Gary for devising this trick.
Walter Kronk, Peabody, MA
SOFTWARE REVIEW
Program: ZXDIS Disassembler Price: $14.95
ROM/RAM required: 8K/16K Printed listings: No Program listable: Yes Language: MC, some BASIC
From: Scientific Software 6 W. 61 Terrace
Kansas City, MO 64113 Scientific Software's second utility program seems as outstand¬
ing and useful as its first (ZXAD Assembler and Debugger). ZXDIS lets you to examine MC programs as standard Z80 mnemonics and not a sequence of numbers. You may dis¬
play mnemonics or hexadecimal data and equivalent characters.
You can use ZXDIS easily. LOAD the disassembler with name "ZXDIS".
After LOADing, it prompts you for a relocation address. You can relo¬
cate it anywhere in memory: below RAMTOP, between 2000H (8192) and 3FFF (16383), or remain at your original LOADing location. After relocation, run the utility by en¬
tering RAND USR #, where the # is specified by the utility before it moves. ZXDIS operates completely from MC with no BASIC required af¬
ter relocation. RUN, then select the desired function from the menu by entering the correct character.
ZXDIS functions include MODE, PRINT, ADDRESS, LIST, MEMORY MODI¬
FICATION, SEARCH, and TAPE/LOAD.
MODE switches the display be tween disassembly and hex format.
PRINT (P) switches between print and non-print modes.
ADDRESS displays a new address when you type a four-digit hex num¬
ber. (Starting address is at loca¬
tion 0000H).
LIST function disassembles the next 16 instructions (disassembly mode) or 96 bytes (hex mode). Type four hex digits (an address) and L to display instructions or bytes from the current address through the address you entered.
7
Available from SYNTAX...
For computing beginners —
Crash Course in Microcomputers .$19.95
Covers hardware, machine language and applications. Reviewed in SYNTAX, Oct. 1981.
Aad $1.50 shipping.
ZX80 Pocket Book $10.95
Includes ZX81 supplement. Covers Sinclair BASIC, data and program listings.
Add $1.50 postage.
For advanced hardware/software users — Zilog’s Z80-Z80A CPU
Technical Manual.$7.88 Zilog’s Assembly Language
Programming.$15.75 Experiments in Artificial
Intelligence.$9.95 Add $1.50 postage.
SYNTAX back issues available, $4 each.
Call or write for our group subscription discounts.
SYNTAX • RD 2 Box 457 • Harvard, MA 01451 617 / 456-3661 cv.qoi MEMORY MODIFICATION allows you to modify the current byte by typ¬
ing a two digit hex number.
SEARCH allows you to search for a byte of a particular value by entering a two-digit hex value and S. Your computer then searches forward for the value, and displays its address.
TAPE/LOAD function seems the most useful. It allows LOADing and LISTing of a program which self- RUNS after LOADing. After entering T, it prompts you to "start record¬
er and press ENTER." The machine LOADS the first program it comes to, ending with report code 9. You can then LIST, disassemble or SAVE.
After using two other disas¬
semblers, ZXDIS wins my approval.
It's user-friendly, simple to use, and gets the job done. I highly recommend it if you're interested in examining machine code or want to backup nonLISTable programs.
Travis L. Miller, Lee's Summit, MO
ZIP—TO—STATE , STATE-TO-ZIP—8K/16K With lots of memory, many computers can convert a zip into the city and state. With a ZX/TS, you can convert zip to state with a short program.
Here's the technique we use at SYNTAX to make sure our zip and state match in our mailing list.
In sample zip code 48503, the digit 4 determines one of ten national areas and the digits 85 determine the state. All zip codes follow this format. This program stores state abbreviations, and correspon¬
ding zip ranges in the arrays S$
and Z$. S$ stores two-letter state abbreviations and corresponding places in Z$ contain lower and upper ranges for the zip.
Note in the following chart the state abbreviation for Michigan
(MI) in S$, between Indiana (IN) and Iowa (IA). Number 85 in 48503 lies between the corresponding num¬
bers in Z$ (80 and 99). The two- letter zip code ranges are stored as that number's character.
S$="...11 |N |M |I |I |A |..."
Z$="...|60|79 | 80 | 99 | 00 | 28 | ..."
For each national area, we store the range in array C$. For example, national area 0 is locat¬
ed in Z$ and S$ at positions 1-20.
The characters for 1 and 20 are stored in C$ positions 1 and 2.
First, type in the following program, typing 146 X's in line 1 and 20 X's in line 3. The X's hold memory locations that will contain data for zip-state conversions.
8
Now enter GOTO 10. At each prompt, type in one number in the following table (left to right, consecutively). Line 30 POKES the values for you.
Now change line 10 to read:
Type in GOTO 10 then ENTER. Type in the following characters as you did previously.
Now delete the previous lines 10-50 and add the following pro¬
gram, beginning at line 15. The following lines 1-3 show what your lines 1-3 should look like after you POKEd in the previous tables.
To RUN the program, type in RUN and choose a menu option (zip-state or state-zip). Then enter either zip or state to see the corresponding match displayed.—RWK
NOT JUST A KEYBOARD REPLACEMENT BUT AN ENHANCEMENT THAT GIVES KEYBOARD FEATURES FOUND ONLY ON MORE EXPENSIVE COMPUTERS
FOR FASTER & EASIER DATA ENTRY WITH YOUR E-Z KEYBOARD . . . Here at last, is a large 60 key TACTILE FEEL keyboard that plugs into the same connectors as the existing keyboard on yourZX81. TIMEX/SINCLAIR 1000or 1500 HERE THE CLICK ... FEEL THE SNAP!
for every key pressed (tactile feedback) IT S THE ONLY KEYBOARD WITH ALL OF THESE FEATURES:
• 60 moving keys solid (not rubber)
• Legends in three colors on the base (color coded by key functio
• Molded legends on keytops (no stickers)
• 8 automatic shift keys (no shifting required) for edit delete single & double quotes colon semi-colon function and stop
• 2 shift keys
• Numeric keypad
above) is available for youi E-Z Key keyboard Measurements Price EC-11 (11 X 9 X 3 5 ') 24 95 EC-14(14 X 9 X 3 5 ) 2995 JOYSTICK 29 95
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90 day warranty
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Artisans bring life to dreams and shape futures by subtle choices of design and execution. Our founding editor, Ann L. Zevnik, led Syntax
to excellence, accuracy and utility with her consummate skills. Ann's influence will remain; Ann will not. We will miss her wit, craft, and knowledge. To those who follow we commend this maxim: if I see farther than others, it is because I stand on the shoulders of giants.
Farewell ALZ; find a great dream.
PROGRAM ACCESS SECURITY SYSTEM This short machine code pro¬
gram prevents program access with¬
out a code after you LOAD your
program. You set your own personal security code. If someone tries to enter the wrong code, the keyboard locks up, forcing the user to power down and reLOAD. When you enter the right code, you can RUN, LIST, and use the program as usual.
PROGRAM ACCESS works through a small subroutine that scans the keyboard after storing the machine codes of each letter in the five- letter password. If the five let¬
ters match the stored code, the user gains access. If not, the keyboard locks.
In the printed listing, lines 1-4 add the security mechanism and self-SAVE routine. Lines 10-60 allow you to enter your code. Our sample program begins at line 100.
We suggest typing in the pro¬
gram as listed, using the access code SYNCE. Then, you can change the code or program as desired.
(You will get a different Syntactic Sum when you do this.) SAVE the entire routine after you type it in by hitting RUN then ENTER. When you LOAD the program again, it comes up RUNNING and asks for the secret access code.
To enter the machine code in 1 REM, you can POKE in the following values, beginning at address 16514.
Note that the bytes in addresses 16657-16662 do not appear in the listed REM statement. (See HIDDEN REMS for an explanation.—LFV)
Lawrence Coulter, Chelsea, MA lO
PRQS00H””
Mnemonics
INIT LD E, 05 PUSH DE
CALL PRINTLINE
"ENTER ACCESS CODE"FF
START CALL KSCAN INC L
JR NZ START WAIT CALL KSCAN
LD B,H LD C,L LD D,C INC D JR Z WAIT CALL FNDCH LD A,(HL) CALL PRINT STORE POP DE
PUSH AF DEC E JR Z TEST PUSH DE JP START TEST LD B, 05
LD HL,CODE+4 TESTI POP AF
CP (HL) DEC HL DJNZ TESTI RET
FAIL CALL CLR CALL DLAYl CALL PRINTLINE
"ACCESS IS DENIED CALL DLAYl
JR FAIL
CLR LD, DE,(DFILE) INC DE
LD HL,21 ADD HL,DE LD B,20 LOOP DEC HL
LD (HL) , 0 DJNZ LOOP LD (DFCC),DE RET . / DLAYl LD C,FF
DLAY2 LD B,FF DJNZ -2 DEC C
JR NZ DLAY2 RET
CODE "SYNCE"
PRINT POP HL LINE LD A,(HL)
INC HL PUSH HL CP FF RET Z
CALL PRINT JR PRINTLINE
Some SYNTAX readers have ex¬
pressed concern that we may not publish a problem that reflects negatively on a SYNTAX advertiser.
In fact, we generally don't publish problems without an answer. Our policy: publish solutions to prob¬
lems, regardless of product. We offer you more than a newsletter catalog of problems. You own the equipment—you know the problems and need solutions. When we know, you read it in SYNTAX.
Kirtland H. Olson, Publisher DEAR EDITOR;
After one roll of paper, my ZX printer appeared slightly ill; by the end of roll two, cancer set in.
ZX could not LLIST even a five-line program legibly. Terrible grinding sounds emanated from inside. ZX needed major surgery.
I timidly removed the four long corner screws from the bottom, then jiggled the top cover free, and easily unclipped the revealed single white wire. I removed the top cover to see the motor, pulleys and belt that move the little wire styli. I noted with disgust that black, irregular crud coated the belt. I removed the belt, cleaned it with a toothbrush, and placed it back on the pulleys. (Use care here not to damage the styli.)
It took several attempts to reassemble the printer, since the cable, feed switch and axles must line up correctly with the top
cover. (Make sure to reconnect the white wire.) My ZX printer now runs beautifully.
Dan Tandberg, M.D., Albuquerque, NM Here's a tip for those who tackle expansion kits. I paid the hard way to learn that the keyed Timex plug-in modules can cause serious damage when plugged into an exposed board edge connector. I ruined a 16K RAM by feeling for the
key-in-slot registration without looking at the connection. When I turned on the power, the screen displayed strange activities and my RAM pack had died. Of course, I had an uncased kit module between the computer and RAM pack. So for those who build kits that may not be cased right away, magic-glue a small segment of plastic board per¬
pendicular to the end of the board edge connector. Or, cement thin plastic plates on the outside of the 46-pin sockets. (Some of these already fit closely in housed
units; Sinclair chose to cut down 50-pin connectors.)
If you computerize model rail¬
roads, please contact me.
Bruce Kott, 4360 Rolfe Rd.
San Diego, CA 92117 So. Bay Computer Club collect¬
ed these conversion formulas:
1 2
John Petersen, Manhattan Beach, CA
I wired an Atari joystick to my ZX81 following the procedure in SYNTAX (Jun.82). The joystick works fine, but I can't LLIST or LPRINT. What's wrong?
Gary Hawkins, Weyerhauser, WI Both of these functions are on one diode line; perhaps the long wires cause difficulty. Check for solder bridges or other partial shorts on your connections. It's not normal for any connection we recommend to disable the computer, BUT long wires on the keyboard connector do cause trouble, often with shifted functions. Installing a connector with short leads would be a simple fix; just remove the joystick when not using it. Replacing the cable with one having lower capacitance between wires would be a superior repair. Use ribbon cable with
parallel conductors. Connect every other wire to replace the six you need, and leave the others discon¬
nected.—KO
Here's how I rebuilt my power supply to avoid ZX81 crashes. My original power supply had only a 1000 uF capacitor with 1 Amp maxi¬
mum output voltage regulator in¬
side. I rebuilt it with a Radio Shack LM350T voltage regulator with a maximum 3 Amp output. My two un¬
used 54,000 uF capacitors also went in, between the full wave rectifier and regulator. I also added a
20,000 uF capacitor between the regulator and computer for addi¬
tional smoothing of DC voltage. A timer delays the computer's start by 12 seconds, allowing the capaci¬
tors 8 seconds to fully charge.
Ken Norton, Whitehall, MI I have a more in-depth solu¬
tion than the one published in response to a question from Paul Crecca (SYNTAX, DearEd, May.83).
Here's how to modify VU-FILE to run with QSAVE.
1. Hit BREAK to see BASIC listing.
2. Make the following changes:
1100 DIM F$ (9200) 3690 PRINT USR 32383 9995 FAST
Md 9996 PRINT USR 32383 3. POKE 19151,0
4. CLEAR
5. SAVE the revised program, using ZX81 SAVE command.
6. LOAD QSAVE
7. LOAD the revised program, using ZX81 LOAD command.
8. Put a fresh tape in the record¬
er, set to record, GOTO 9995.
VU-FILE now SAVES itself in QSAVE format. It comes up RUNning on reLOADing, ready for use. It still asks for you to enter a name prior to SAVEing files, even though QSAVE does not use this feature. VU-FILE stores the name and will label the file with the Inform command.
W.D. Stevens, Tulsa, OK When POKEing in machine code to run my Zebra joystick, I hit the Z key to exit, causing a repeat of the last CODE I entered. Use this program (with any addresses) to cut down typing of repetitive codes.
10 FOR X=8192 TO 8220 20 INPUT Z
30 POKE X,Z 40 PRINT PEEK X 50 NEXT X
When you INPUT Z, you POKE the last code entered into the X address.
Then you can hit Z to repeat codes.
Michael Bowman, Arab, AL I developed a method of making a tape with test tones to check my recorder's head alignment. I re¬
corded my stereo test record (from High Fidelity magazine) on my
stereo cassette recorder. I used that tape to test my monaural (Sony TR-215) recorder. The test tones sound fine past 8000 cps, indicat¬
ing good azimuth.
Robert Jenkins, Chicago Heights, IL 13
f
DISTANCE—8K/16K
DISTANCE computes the shortest distance and true bearing from any point on the earth's surface to any other location.
Type in this easy-to-use pro¬
gram (line 10 has 97 spaces) and input geographical coordinates when prompted. Get latitude and longi¬
tude from a map or almanac. Enter coordinates in degrees and tenths
(six minutes is 1/10 degree); enter east longitude or south latitude as a negative number, to distinguish from west and north. For example, enter 18 degrees, 30 min. east, and 27 degrees, 18 min. north as -18.5 and 27.3. Your computer then cal¬
culates bearings in true (not mag¬
netic) north and distance in land (statute) miles, nautical miles and kilometers.
When you get another reading, you can keep or change your initial start point (K/C). SAVE the pro¬
gram with GOTO 4000.
Beginners can learn from sub¬
routines earmarked with REMs in this well prompted listing. For example, GOTO 9977 to use a line renumbering routine. (This routine will not renumber GOTO and GOSUB statements in the main listing;
you must change these yourself.) DISTANCE serves as a subrou¬
tine in longer sea/air navigation programs. I sell this and another 16K program for use with ham radios that calculates distance/direction.
Each tape costs $5.
William Bosley, K3NN, 201 Highland St. , Valparaiso, FL 32580
14
RHYTHM-FUN—8K/16K
RHYTHM-FUN teaches basic rhythm timing and sight reading for quart¬
er notes. Simply type in the pro¬
gram and RUN. You'll see four measures of 4/4 time displayed, with varied notes and rests. (Of course, your computer makes no sound.) Press ENTER to see more randomly generated combinations.
Use RHYTHM with your students or children. Instruct them to
count the beats displayed on screen by clapping hands, tapping, whis¬
tling, or playing an instrument.
You can play different notes for each bar to teach scales and rein¬
force note recognition.
Change line 950 PAUSE 4E4 so displays change automatically. For example, PAUSE 600 programs a dis¬
play change about every ten sec¬
onds, allowing hands-free program use when playing an instrument.
In my experience as a music educator, RHYTHM and other similar programs dramatically increase
student participation and profi¬
ciency in exercises that previously required memorization.
Individuals or software com¬
panies may contact me for sale of my 12-Program Music Reading Library
(from quarter- to 16th-notes and triplets) and six-program music theory course.
John Dowlan, 8341 Boyce St.
Spring Hill, FL 33526 1 6
HIDDEN REMS
In PROGRAM ACCESS SECURITY SYSTEM, location 16657 contains the code 126. This code tells the
computer that the next five bytes (in 16658-16662) are a numerical constant. The display ignores the six bytes, and does not print them in the REM statement. Why?
When you enter a numerical constant, say 999, the computer stores this as the three bytes representing 999, followed by code 126 and five bytes that represent the floating point binary equiva¬
lent of 999. LIST never displays the 126 or the following five bytes, avoiding a screen full of binary numbers.
Use this trick to hide infor¬
mation in your REM statements. To hide a copyright message, for exam¬
ple, type in the following line.
Now POKE the locations of each X—
16517, 16523 and 16529—with code 126. Only the graphics remain.
PEEK these locations and you will see the hidden message. Do this anytime by preceding every five characters with an X (which you POKE to CHR$ 126).—RWK
17
CHEAP POWER
Surplus power supplies can double a ZX/TS's load capabilities.
I use an Arizona Electronic Surplus supply inside a big keyboard; no more worries about power despite the many peripherals I add to my ZX/TS. Each unit costs $5.50 (2 for $10) and provides a regulated 5V, 2A output and 9-10V filtered, but unregulated. Each comes with a transformer and a 4" X 2.3" heat sink. Except for the transformer, all parts sit on a PC board. You add the line cord and hook the unit up to your ZX/TS. The unit comes assembled, but uncased from Ari¬
zona Electronic Surplus, 12627 N.
Cave Creek Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85022, 602/971-0990.
How you connect this supply to your ZX/TS depends on your system.
1) Use the transformer, bridge rectifier and 2200 mF filter capac¬
itor outside your ZX/TS. This ups the 9V current rating only.
2) Or build a really profes¬
sional circuit with a double pole switch on the 5V and 9V lines.
Then you can use either the new supply or your old wall pack. You may want this since some devices, such as Zebra's light pen, lie in line with the wall pack (you cannot use it any other way).
Paul Donnelly, Centerport, NY At SYNTAX, we built option #2 using the following special parts
(in addition to the Arizona supply).
We used in-line connectors and fly- ing leads to connect the power —you may prefer a chassis- -mounting jack.
# description RS # price 1 power cord 278-1255 S .79 1 3-conductor jack 274-274 .90 1 3-conductor plug 274-284 .85 1 metal utility box 270-253 4.79 1 DPDT switch 275-666 1.29
$8.62
We placed the transformer and heat sink in a box as shown in the diagram. Drill air inlet holes in the box bottom, placed as shown by circles. Make enough holes to equal the vent area — 2.2 sq. in.
To get 9V, jumper the circuit side of the board from the 9V pin
Space the circuit board from the side of the box with 1/4 in.
thick insulating spacers. Bolt the transformer to the bottom.
Mount the circuit board, regulator up, near the box top to place the heat sink near the top side vents.
Next solder the power supply together as shown in the following circuit diagram:
ZX/TS REG.
PC BOARD
TRANSFORMER
9V
-°
-0 ^c>
4-*
5V 9V TO COMPUTER
BOARD
Wire the 3-conductor plug and jack so the tip carries 5V; the middle, 9V and the sleeve, 0V.
To connect to your computer, unsolder the 9V and 5V pins of the
ZX/TS regulator, bend them upward and wire one end of the switch to these pins. Next, wire and solder the switch arms (center poles) to the circuit where the regulator 18
pins were. Then solder the 5V and 9V from the jack for the Arizona supply to the other switch end.
Solder the ground lead from the 3- circuit connector to ground.
WARNINGS: 1) Never plug in both supplies at the same time. 2) Never interchange the 3—conductor plug with the ZX/TS plug.
Another advantage to this set¬
up: the switch becomes an ON/OFF switch. To cut the power off, just switch to the other (unplugged) power supply, then switch back to the one in use.—RWK
MC INKEY$ SUBROUTINE—8K/1K
Sometimes when writing a BASIC program, you want to offer the user a menu choice of actions. Several methods let you input data, but of¬
ten programmers prefer the INKEY$
function. It does not require the user to press ENTER after his or her response. INKEY$ does have its disadvantages—it's sometimes slow to respond. Additionally, if you program for novice users, you should remember that pressing the BREAK key causes your BASIC program to stop. An inexperienced user may not be able to start the program again without destroying data (if not the program itself).
This machine code routine re¬
turns the CODE value of the key pressed to your BASIC program. You can POKE it to ignore any entries except for given low and high para¬
meters. This routine shows how to use the ROM subroutines that scan the keyboard and the routine that decodes the scan.
Before calling this routine, put the computer in SLOW mode as the display disappears if RUN in FAST. You can relocate the subrou¬
tine anywhere; it's usable in any location because it contains all relative jump instructions.
Start by entering the BASIC program shown in Listing 1. Now, hit RUN then ENTER without entering a line number.
On the screen you'll see a memory address and an L prompt. In response to each prompt, carefully enter the decimal numbers from the following list, starting at the top and working from the left along each
205
row.
187
Hit 2
ENTER after each # 44 32 250 205 187 2 68 77 81 20 40 247 205 189 7 126 254 29
56
Now you should get an out-of-
screen-memory report 5/130. Press CONT then ENTER, and type these #s.
233 254 38 48 229 78 6 0 201
You now see report 9/210 at the screen bottom. If you entered all the numbers correctly, the # 3600 appears just under the listing.
Press LIST and ENTER to see the listing again. The first line:
Now enter the demo program in
Listing 2 and press RUN 100 ENTER.
19
Try pressing keys 1-0 along the top row, then other keys on the key¬
board. You see that the routine works; the computer now accepts only the choices displayed on the screen as valid input.
To change the parameters, or what input the computer will ac¬
cept, enter these lines with no line number, substituting the prop¬
er values for low and high limit:
Decimal Address
POKE 16534,CODE (low limit)
POKE 16538,CODE (high limit + one) Remember to use the CODE and not the number itself. See the back of your ZX/TS manual for a complete list of the character set codes.
Following is a commented list of the machine language in this subroutine.
Barry Boyer, West York, PA Comments
Decimal Hex Mnemonic
START 16514 205 CDBB02 Call 02BBH j •Call ROM scan keyboard
187 o ; routine.
16517 16518
44 2C INC L rCheck if user's finger
;on key.
32 20FA JR NZ,START ;If so, go back and check
250 again.
AGAIN 16520 205 CDBB02 Call 02BBH •Call ROM scan keybd.
187 2
16523 68 44 LD B,H ;Pass result of keybd 16524 77 4D LD C,L ;scan in HL to BC.
16525 81 51 LD D,C ;Use D reg. to check for 16526 20 14 INC D ?no entry (no entry
?C=FFh).
16527 40 28F7 JR Z,AGAIN •If D=0 then C must have
247 •been FFh. Scan again.
16529 205 CDBD07 Call 07BDH •Call ROM decode keybd
189 7 ; routine.
16532 126 7E LD A,(HL) ?HL now contains address
^pointing to keybd input,
;thus we load contents of
?this address into accum.
16533 254 FE1D CP 1DH ^Compare to low parameter.
29
16535 56 38E9 JR C,START rlf carry set, then input
233 ;is below low parameter.
16537 254 FE26 CP 26H ?Else, check high
38 ; parameter.
16539 48 30E5 JR NC,START ?If carry not set, then
16541
229 • input is above high
; parameter.
78 4E LD C,(HL) rElse, input OK. Load into
;C register.
16542 06 0600 LD B,00 ;Clear B register to 0 as
00 ■the BC register is the
rvalue returned to BASIC
^calling routine.
16544 201 C9 RET ^Return to BASIC.
20
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• 8 Independent Relays
(with LED status indicators)
•
8 Independent TTL Inputs (with Schmitt trigger buffers)
j • By using a single POKE command you can change and latch the status of each of the 8 relays.
• Your computer can read the status of all 8 inputs by the use of a single PEEK command.
• A comprehensive manual is included that has complete application details.
• More than one BB-1 can be used at a time.
$119.85 ASSEMBLED & TESTED
the “ULTIMATE MEMORY
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• Battery Backup - Computer and full 64-K Backed
• PROM/ROM socket
• Reset Switch-Reset without destroying Program
• BYTE-BACK EXCLUSIVE FULL 64-K
The 0-8K area is available. You can execute a copy routine (provided) to copy the TIMEX ROM into the 0-8K area of RAM then flip a switch and you have your operating system in RAM. You can modify it and create your own customized operating system. Full details, examples & programs included.
WHY PAY MORE FOR LESS FEATURES?
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^ BYTE BACK S UM-64
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At BYTE-BACK we have used & evaluated almost every data organizer & Data File Program on the market & we were not really impressed until we tryed Thomas Woods’ NEW ZX PRO/FILE Program. It is truly the best piece of software we have seen for the Timex Computer. We now use it to help run our business. This program is so FAST that even when the program is full the file you want is on the screen within a second.
The ZX PRO/FILE has features not found on the other Data File programs. It has: FILE ANALYSIS function which allows you to count, analyze frequency, %, etc. Capability to create FILES OF ANY SIZE in the same program MULTIPLE WORD SEARCH, excellent ADD/EDIT features. ORDERED FILE OUTPUT based on any numerical value contained in the files DEFINABLE PRINTER FUNCTIONS & AUTO SEARCH. Works with both 16K & 64K memory
FREE 59 page BOOK. This book alone is worth the purchase price. ZX PRO/FILE’s machine language concepts & methods are fully explained. It includes a complete PROGRAM USING &
detailed explanation of how the program works & how it can be easily modified. It also includes a machine language programming section.
16 K MEMORY UM-16 $59.95 kit $69.95 assembled & tested Battery backup, reset switch, PROM/ROM socket PLUS...
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We use the same key switch found in the expensive computers such as:
Hewlett Packard, Texas Instruments, Atari, D.E.C. etc. The multi-colored key caps are the same type used on the IBM Personal Computer, but with the TIMEX legens.
EXPERIENCE QUALITY
Shipping and Handling $4.95 e ORDER PHONE (803) 532-5812 ITEMS ORDERED:__
Bill My □ Am. Exp. □ Visa □ M/C Checks Accepted Exp. Date _Card No. ____
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MailTo: BYTE-BACK CO. fvS&Sn ■HHi Rt. 3, Box 147, Brodie Road . mSaM
Leesville, S.C. 29070 1- 1
EXCEPT ZX PRO/FILE
BOOK REVIEW Title:
Author:
Publisher:
Price:
ZX81/Timex
Programming in BASIC
&. Machine Language Ekkehard Floegel Elcomp
POB 1194
Pomona, CA 91769
$9.95, 139 pps.
Programming takes up where your ZX/TS manual leaves off; the book assumes you know the basics of
ZX/TS hardware and software.
Beginning chapters include game, graphic, educational, and data management programs. Eight game programs and the "vehicle log book program" nicely illustrate some good programming techniques
(arrays and decimal point align¬
ment). The author provides good programs that create basic graphics motion, along with programs for falling bodies, shooting objects, plotting and vector effects of gravity and horizontal velocity
(i.e. mortar shots). Unfortunate¬
ly, these contain many typographi¬
cal errors. Chapter four covers school programs, including 12 math¬
ematical programs. Well written data management programs clearly show how to set up, maintain and sort data files.
Unfortunately, Floegel gives only a brief discussion of machine language, in chapter six. This chapter serves mostly those who already have some idea of how to use ML. A good, short ML monitor program enhances the ML section.
About 30% of the book discusses machine language.
Chapters seven and eight dis¬
cuss the Z80 PIO chip, and provide a complete schematic for construc¬
tion of an inexpensive I/O board, with software. Although the author refers to a special set of proto¬
type boards, you could use almost any ACE (all circuit evaluator, or white board) to build the three- chip I/O port.
Despite grammatical errors such as choppy sentences, wrong word order, and singular word forms for plural (due to translation from the original German) and style
(half-size, typed pages) the book remains quite readable. Good BASIC routines, the ML monitor program and a simple I/O port proposal jus¬
tify this book's $9.95 price tag (fixing the many typos would in¬
crease its value).
Paul Donnelly, Centerport, NY CLASSIFIED ADS: Reach almost 9,000
ZX/TS users for only $9/line! We must receive your typed copy (35 characters per line) with check or money order by the 15th of any month for publication in the fol¬
lowing month's issue. We print ad exactly as you type it. We cannot print fractions or cent symbols.
Please include your phone number if not included in ad copy. SYNTAX, Classified Ads, RD 2, Box 457, Har¬
vard, MA 01451.
Collector's editions of SYNTAX
QUARTERLY available from SYNTAX for
$9 an issue, 3/$25. (Winter 82, Spring 83, Summer 83). Combine SQ back issues and SYNTAX for money¬
saving combos: THE COMBINATION, CATCH-UP and WORKS—see coupon on p. 23 for details. Clip coupon or call 617/456-3661 for fast service.
MC/VISA/AMEX/DINERS CLUB
16K/8K ROM++OUICKDRIVE++ZX81/TS1000 IlAccelerate your computer with 10 FAST machine code programs! BORDER, screenfill,INVERSE,more. Listable, Explained. NO Mach, code exp. req.
ORDER NOW! SEND $12.95 to MICROLOAD BOX 1095. TRUTH OR CONSEO..NM 87901 Ramdisk for $12.50? Its MICRODRIVE!
Use & store 8 FULL 2K progs AT ONCE in 16K: fastsave, autoload, instant access, all MC. BAFFLEBALL!-Fastest MC 2K arcade game ever, $5.50. FREE PROG & CAT: SASE to RHEESWARE, 4001 Pennwood #3, Las Vegas, Nev. 89102 2 2
SYNTAX
is published monthly by a wholly- owned subsidiary of The Harvard Group.Syntax ZX80, Inc.
RD 2, Box 457, Harvard, MA 01451. Telephone 617/456-3661.
12 issues, $29. Single issue, $4.
ZX PRO/FILE: the most advanced file manager you can get for your Timex!
$16.95 for cassette and 59 pages of tutorial explanations including a programmers introduction to machine code! Details are free:603-586-7734 Tom Woods Box 64 Jefferson,NY 03583 Publisher:
Editor:
Assistant Editor:
Technical Consultant:
Kirtland H. Olson Ann L. Zevnik Lisa Fass Vivat Richard Kelly
© Syntax ZX80, Inc., 1983. All rights reserved.
Photocopying prohibited. ISSN 0273-2696
OUR POLICY ON CONTRIBUTED MATERIAL
SYNTAX invites you to express opinions related to any Sinclair computer or peripheral, or the newsletter. We will print, as space allows, letters discussing items of general interest. Of course, we reserve the right to edit letters to a suitable length and to refuse publication of any material.
We welcome program listings for all levels of expertise and written in either Sinclair BASIC or Z80 machine code. Programs can be for any fun or useful purpose. We will test run each one before publishing it, but we will not debug programs; please send only workable listings. Programs submitted on cassette can be tested more quickly and with less chance of error.
In return for your listing, we will pay you a token fee of $2.00 per program we use. This payment gives us the nonexclusive right to use that program in any form, world-wide. This means you can still use it, sell it, or give it away, and so can we.
We will consider submissions of news and hardware or software reviews. Please keep articles short (350-400 words). Again, we reserve the right to edit accepted articles to a suitable length. We will pay 7 cents per 6 characters, including spaces and punctuation, for accepted articles.
When you send in programs for possible publication in SYNTAX, please include the following information:
• How to operate the program, including what to input if it does not contain prompts.
• Whether you can run the program over again and how.
• How to exit the program.
• The Syntactic Sum (program published in Feb. 81 and Jun. 81; send SASE for a free copy).
• What RAM size program requires.
• What ROM program uses.
We pay for this explanatory text at the same rate as for articles in addition to payment for the program itself.
If you want us to return your original program listing or article, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope. Otherwise, we cannot return submitted material.
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** ADD MEMORY THAT WON'T FORGET 1 **
** New prices effective 9/1/83 **
** S & h included in all prices **
* Complete 2K kit. $34 :90 *
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* Relocatable! No Hdwre Additions!*
* Cassette $11.00 ; EPROM $21.00 *
* ADVANCED INTERFACE DESIGNS *
* P.O. BOX 1350 *
* STATE COLLEGE, PA 16801 *
***********************************
****TEXTWRITER 1000/1500****
FULL TEXT EDITING-EASY TO USE. TAB, BLOCK SAVE, AUTO.TEXT ALIGN, TIMEX PRINTER. $11.95 TAPE - BOB FINGERLE BOX 7793, FREMONT, CA 94537-7793.
********* MAZEBALL *********
All machine code. Seven screens.
This is a "bouncing ball" game that makes the others look like toys!
***** TIMEBLASTERS *****
Over 3K of machine code makes this the best of all the graphics space wars-For serious arcade players!
***** METAGRAPHICS *****
At last! You can create elaborate pictures using over 2000 different graphics characters. BASIC and M/C.
All cassettes run on ZX81 or TS1000 /1500 (16K RAM). $12.95(US) for 1 or $24.95 for all 3, postage paid.
Money back if you're not delighted.
******** CALLIOPE SOFTWARE ********
4130 Coe Dr. NE, Albuq., NM 87110 EDUCATORS: Fall is here! Friendly, comprehensive GRADEBOOK saves hours Many features. TS1000 cass. $8.95 SVN, Box 2442, Hammond IN 46323.
****DATA MASTER-16-64K DATABASE****
FORMATTED PRINTOUTS, SEARCH/VIEW, SEARCH/PRINT, EASY EDITING, INFORM, 13P MANUAL,AND MORE-$5.95-L. HARMON 4909 CLEARLAKE, METAIRIE, LA 70002 Tax Planner as pub. in SQ Summer 83 with improvements, '84 Tax Rates, from author on cassette.$9.50 MO.
or check. Geschwind, 1714 Clarendon Greensboro NC, 27410
H\R\ARD nr
GRCXP
Bolton Road, Harvard, Mass. 01451
U.S. Postage PAID Harvard, MA
^ I *+ 0+ Permit No.8
rirst Liqss
01451MR WILLIAM TOMLINSON 58 68
^635 RIVEREDGE DR,
JACKSONVILLE FL 32211
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