Abstract

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Tilak college of Education & Savitribai Phule University of Pune Page 562

f’k{kd izf’k{k.k vkf.k R;krhy leL;k

izk- /kk;xqMs vfurk dqekj

v/;kid egkfo|ky; ]oMxko ekoG

f’k{kd &izf’k{k.kkpk bfrgkl Qkj tquk vkgs- czhVh’kkaP;k dkGkiklwu f’k{kd

& izf’k{k.kkyk lqjokr >kyh- vkt f’k{kd izf’k{k.k dks.kR;k VII;krwu tkr

vkgs \ R;ke/;s dks.krs cny >kys \ vkt lektkr f’k{kd izf’k{k.kkph

fLFkrh d’kh vkgs gs tk.kwu ?ks.ks egRokps vkgs- f’k{kd izf’k{k.kkpk

dkyko/kh nksu o"kkZpk dsY;kus R;kps ifj.kke lektkojrh iM.kkj vkgsr-

Hkfo";kr R;kps nqjxkeh ifj.kke letwu ?ks.ks xjtsps vkgs- vkiY;k f’k{k.k

O;oLFks e/;s fo|kF;kZph fdrh o"kZ f’k{k.k ?ks.;ke/;s tkrkr ;kpk vH;kl

gks.ks xjtsps vkgs - lektke/;s f’k{kd & izf’k{k.k vH;kl

Ë

ekckcr th

udkjkRed Hkwfedk r;kj >kyh vkgs R;kP;k dkj.kkapk ‘’kks/k ?ks.;klkBh

ojhy fo"k;kph fuoM dsyh xsyh vkgs-

‘’kklukus /kksj.k Bjor vlrkuk lektkph l|fLFkrh pk vH;kl d:u

fu.kZ; ?ksrY;kl R;kpk pkaxyk ifj.kke gksby - ejkBh ek/;ekP;k ‘ o

ljdkjh ‘’kkGkaph fLFkrh Qkj’kh pkaxyh ukgh - ;klokZpk ifj.kke f’k{kd &

izf’k{k.kkojrh gksr vkgs - ok<R;k [kktxh o baxzth ek/;ekP;k ‘’kkGk

;keqGs f’k{kd & izf’k{k.k laLFkkojrh dk; ifj.kke gksrhy gs tk.kwu ?ksrys

ikfgts 1990 lkykiklwu dk;Zjr vl.kk&;k o dk;e fouk vuqnku ;k

rRokojrh pky.kk&;k f’k{kd & izf’k{k.k laLFkk ojrh ;kps dk; ifj.kke

gksrhy gs igk.ks xjtsps vkgs dkj.k 25 o"kZ ,[kk|k laLFksr dke djr

vlrkuk vpkud frP;k can iM.;kus rsFkhy deZpk&;kaP;k fLFkrhpk vH;kl

dj.ks tkLr xjtsps vkgs-

Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

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izLrkouk % Hkkjrke/;s f’k{kd izf’k{k.kkph lqjokr fczVh’kdkGkiklwu >kyh-

Lokra= feGkY;kuarj 1973 i;Zr f’k{kd izf’k{k.kklkBh osxGh laLFkk uOgrh-

1973 yk uW’kuy dkSafly QkWj fVpj ,T;qds’ku

[NCTE]

ph LFkkiuk

>kyh- ijarq fryk dks.krsgh dk;nsf’kj vf/kdkj ulY;kus frpk Qkjlk izHkko

f’k{kd izf’k{k.kkrhy ;kstukaojrh tk.koyk ukgh- ijarq 1986 P;k jk"Vªh;

‘’kS{kf.kd /kksj.kkrhy f’kQkj’kheqGs 1993 iklwu ,u-lh-Vh-b gh Lok;Rr

laLFkk Eg.kwu vksG[kyh tkow ykxyh- fnYyh ;sFks eq[; dk;kZy; o t;iwj

] csaxyksj ]Hkqous’oj o HkksikG ;sFks {ksf=; dk;kZy; dk;Zjr vkgsr- ;kapk

eq[; mf|"Vs

1- laiw.kZ ns’kkrhy f’k{kd izf’k{k.k dk;ZØekaps fu;kstu o ns[kjs[k dj.ks-

2- f’k{kd izf’k{k.kkrhy izek.k o fu;e ;kaps ewY;kadu dj.ks-

gs vkf.k vls brj T;krwu f’k{kd izf’k{k.kkpk ntkZ lq/kkj.;kl enr gksbZy-

f’k{kd izf’k{k.k dk;ZØekckcr ’kklukph /kksj.ks o dk;Zi/nrh %

f’k{kd izf’k{k.k dk;ZØekph /kksj.ks gh euq";cG fodkl ea=ky;kekQZr

fu’phr dsyh tkrkr- R;kaph vaeyctko.kh ,u0lh-Vh-b dMwu dsyh tkrs-

,u-lh-Vh-b ;k lkBh ekxZn’kZd rRos loZ jkT;ljdkjkadMs nsrkr -

R;kizek.ks jkT;ljdkj o fo|kihB vH;klËekph ekaM.kh djrkr - v’kk

izdkjs NCTE P;k ekxZn’kZd rRokuqlkj f’k{kd izf’k{k.k dk;ZØekph

vaeyctko.kh dsyh tkrs -

2005 i;Zr laiw.kZ ns’kke/;s e;kZfnr izek.kkr Mh-,M ] ch-,M o

,e-,M egkfo|ky;kaph la[;k gksrh - 2005 P;k jk"Vªh; ‘’kS{kf.kd /kksj.kke/;s

uewn dsY;kizek.ks f’k{k.kkps lkoZf=dhdj.k dj.;kojrh Hkj fnyk gksrk-

2009 yk f’k{k.kkps lkoZf=dhdj.k dj.;kP;k n`"Vhus egRokps ikmy mpyys

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o;ksxVkrhy loZ ckydkauk eksQr o lDrhps f’k{k.k ns.sk- ;ke/;s f’k{k.kkps

lkoZf=dhdj.k dj.ks-

ijarq f’k{kd izf’k{k.k dk;ZØekph /kksj.ks 2007 iklwu cny.;kr vkyh-

R;kuqlkj loZ jkT;ke/;s f’k{kd izf’k{k.k egkfo|ky;kuk ijokuxh ns.;kr

vkyh- tkusokjh 2007 e/;s laiw.kZ ns’kHkjkr 7461 egkfo|ky;kauk ijokuxh

ns.;kr vkyh- ;ke/;s 7-72 Nk= & f’k{kd f’k{k.k ?ksow ‘’kdrkr-

’kklukP;k /kksj.kkapk ifj.kke %

1- izR;sd jkT;kr f’k{kd izf’k{k.k egkfo|ky;kaph la[;k eksB;kizek.kkr

ok<yh- R;keqGs izf’kf{kr f’k{kdkaph derjrk fuekZ.k >kyh-

2- egkfo|ky;kaph la[;k ok<Y;keqGs fo|kFkhZ la[;k deh gksoq ykxyh -

fo|kFkhZ la[;k deh gks.;kph dkj.ks % 1- ok<rh egkfo|ky;kaph la[;k

2- csdkjhps izek.k ok<ys R;keqGs fo|kF;kZpk vks<k deh >kyk-

3- uksdjhph ‘’kk’orh deh >kyh -

4- f’k{kd Hkjrh can dsY;kus izKkoku fo|kF;kZpk vks<k deh >kyk -

R;keqGs f’k{kd izf’k{k.k dk;ZËekdMs c?k.;kpk lektkpk n`"Vhdksu cnyyk-

5- egkfo|ky;kauk ijokuxh nsrkuk jkT; ‘’kklukph uk gjdr ?ks.;kph

vV f’kFkhy dsyh- R;keqGs egkfo|ky;kauk ijokuxh nsrkuk jkT; ’kklukP;k

lwpukapk fopkj dsyk xsyk ukgh-

’kklukaP;k /kksj.kkaph dkj.kfeekalk %

1- dsanz ’kklukph /;s; /kksj.k Bjor vlrkuk jkT; ’kklu ] o dsanz

ljdkj ;kaP;kr leUo;kpk vHkko-

2- jkT; ljdkjP;k ’kS{kf.kd /kksj.kkapk fopkj ukgh- jkT; ljdkjps uk

gjdr izek.ki= ns.;kps vf/kdkj dk<.;kr vkys-

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4- f’k{k.kkps lkoZf=dhdj.k djr vlrkuk Kkukpk LQksV u gksrk

la[;kRed LQksV >kyk R;keqGs izKkoku yksdkaph derjrk fuekZ.k >kyh-

/kksj.kkRed ifj.kkekcjkscjp iz’kkldh; ] laLFkkRed o lkekftd

ikrGhoj ;kps nqjxkeh ifj.kke >kysys tk.korkr-

fo|kF;kZuk uksdjhph ‘’kk’orh ulY;keqGs fo|kF;kZpk vks?k deh >kyk-

R;keqGs R;kpk ifj.kke xq.koRrsojrh >kyk-lokZr izFke ;kpk ifj.kke

Mh-Vh-,M egkfo|ky;koj loZ izFke fnlwu vkyk-R;kph dkj.ks iq<hy izek.ks %

Mh-Vh-,M egkfo|ky;kaojhy ifj.kke % Mh-Vh-,Mpk vH;klde gk nksu o"kZ

brD;k dkyko/khpk gksrk R;keqGs fo|kF;kZpk vks<k deh >kyk- izkFkfed

‘’kkGkaph voLFkk loZp jkT;ke/;s lek/kkudkjd ulY;kus uksdjhph

‘’kk’orh uOgrh - f’k{kd Hkjrhph izfØ;k FkkacoY;kus bdMs ;s.;kpk vks?k

baxzth ek/;ekP;k ‘’kkGkaps izek.k ok<ys- o ejkBh ek/;ekaP;k

‘’kkGke/khky fo|kFkhZ la[;k ?kVyh - R;kpk ifj.kke ejkBh ek/;ekP;k

‘’kkGkrhy iVla[;k deh >kyh- ;kpk ifj.kke f’k{kd Hkjrhojrh >kyk -

uksdjhph ‘’kk’orh laiY;kus xq.koRrkoku fo|kF;kZuh ;k vH;klØekdMs

ikB fQjoyh- ok<ysyh egkfo|ky;s vkf.k jksMkoysyh la[;k ;keqGs

egkfo|ky;ke/;s iqjs’kh fo|kFkhZ

la[;k ukgh-

’kS{kf.kd ifj.kke %

1-

ok<ysY;k egkfo|ky;kaP;k la[;seqGs ljkoikBkauk ’kkGk feG.;kl

vMp.kh fuekZ.k >kY;k-

2-

Mh-Vh-,M pk vH;klØekph iquZjpuk 2004 lkykiklwu 2012 i;Zr

,dnkgh dsyh ukgh-R;keqGs ‘’kkys; Lrjkojrh ts cny >kys R;kcnykaps

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dkGke/;s izf’k{k.k ?ksrysys Nk= & f’k{kd ;k ufou cnykiklwu vufHakK

jkfgys - ;k lokZpk ifj.kke ‘’kkys; xq.koRrsojrh >kyk -

3-

jkT; ljdkjkaph f’k{kd &izf’k{k.k ;k vH;klØekdMs ikg.;kpk

n`"Vhdksu ldkjkRed jkfgysyk ukgh- vukLFksuh ;k dk;ZØekps fu;kstu

djr xsY;kus xq.koRrk iw.kZ fo|kF;kZuk ;k is{kkdMs oGo.;kr ‘’kklu

vi;’kh Bjysys vkgs -

4-

dsanz ljdkj o jkT; ljdkj ;kaP;ke/;s /kksj.ks Bjor vlrkuk

leUo;kpk vHkko fnlwu ;srks

5-

Rklsp jkT;ljdkj o Mh-Vh-,M egkfo|ky; ;kaP;k e/;s vkarjfØ;k

;ksX; i/nrhus gksrkuk fnlwu ;sr ukgh -;kpk izR;; dks.krsgh izf’k{k.k

dk;ZØe jkcor vlrkuk >kysyk fnlwu ;srks- T;k izHkkoh i.ks izf’k{k.k

dk;ZØe gksowu R;kph veyctko.kh gks.ks visf{kr vkgs R;ki/nrhus

gksrkuk fnlr ukgh -

6-

,u-lh-Vh-b ph /kksj.ks Bjor vlrkuk jkT;kP;k ’kS{kf.kd /kksj.kkapk fopkj

dsyk tkr ukgh-

7- 2005 uarj T;k osxkus egkfo|ky;kaph la[;k ok<yh R;kp osxkus

2012 uarj egkfo|ky;s R;kp osxkus can dj.;kps i= laLFkk pkydkauh

jkT; ljdkjyk fnys- dkj.k viqjh fo|kFkhZ la[;k vlY;kus egkfo|ky;

pkyo.ks laLFkk pkydkauk ’kD; >kys ukgh -

8-egkfo|ky;s can >kY;kus mPp f’kf{kr csdkjkaph la[;k ok<yh -‘

9- ‘’kklukps f’k{kd ik=rk ifj{ksckcrps /kksj.k gs lrr cny.kkjs

vlY;kus fo|kF;kZe/;s laHkzekoLFkk fuekZ.k >kysyh vkgs- uksdjh

ul.kk&;kaph la[;k eksB;kizek.kkr vkgs - R;keqGs ;k vH;klØekcnn~y

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gh loZ voLFkk Mh-Vh-,M egkfo|ky;kaph vkgs- ‘’kklukus 2015 &16

iklwu ch-,M o ,e- ,M gs vH;klØe nksu o"kkZps dsysys vkgs- R;kph

vaeyctko.kh pkyw ’kS{kf.kd o"kkZiklwu >kysyh vkgs- R;kpk ifj.kke

usedk dlk gks.kkj vkgs gs ;s.kkjk dkG Bjosy ijarq R;kP;k laHkkO;

ifj.kkekaph ppkZ vki.k d:;k-

ch-,M o ,e-,M ;k vH;klØeklkBhph ik=rk inoh gh vkgs-inoh

i;Zrps f’k{k.k iw.kZ gks.;klkBh r:.kkauk 21 rs 22 o"kZ ykxrkr- R;kuarj

tj ch-,M djk;ps vlsy rj iq<hy nksu o"kZ ykxrhy-yxsp tj uksdjh

feGkyh rj Bhd ukgh rj 2 o"kZ inohRrj f’k{k.k ?ks.;klkBh ykx.kkj -

R;kuarj lk/kkj.ki.ks dks.kR;kgh fo|kF;kZps o; gs 24 rs 25 P;k iq<s

vl.kkj vkf.k R;kuarj tj vFkkZtZu dj.kkj vlsy rj vki.k f’k{k.kklkBh

vkf.k R;k O;fDryk Lor%P;k ik;kojrh mHks dj.;klkBh fdrh o"kZ [kpZ

dj.kkj vkgksr \ ;kpk ’kS{kf.kd /kksj.k Bjor vlrkuk fopkj gks.ks xjtsps

vkgs - ch-,M o ,e-,M iw.kZ gksbi;Zr fo|kF;kZP;k vk;q";krhy ,su mesnhph

o"kZ fu?kwu xsysyh vl.kkj - R;kuarjgh tj uksdjhph ’kk’orh ulsy tj

;k vH;kl

Ë

ekdMs fo|kFkhZ ikB fQjorhy-

2- f’k{kd & izf’k{k.kkpk dkyko/kh ok<or vlrkuk laiw.kZ f’k{k.k

O;oLFkspk vH;kl dj.ks vko’;d gksrs- ;kps dkj.k dksBkjh vk;ksxkiklwu

loZp vk;ksx o ‘’kS{kf.kd /kksj.kke/;s f’k{kd & izf’k{k.kkpk dkyko/kh 2

o"kkZpk dj.;kckcr ekxZn’kZd lwpuk gksR;k-R;kizek.ks vH;kl

Ë

ekpk

dkyko/kh ok<oyk-ijarq vktph ns’kkrhy f’k{kd & izf’k{k.kkph l|fLFkrhpk

fopkj dsyk xsysyk fnlr ukgh-

3- ns’kHkjke/;s baxzth ek/;ekaP;k ‘’kkGk vxnh xzkeh.k Hkkxkiklwu lq:

>kysY;k vkgsr - R;keqGs ekr`Hkk"ksrwu f’k{k.k gh ladYiuk gnikj gksrs; fd

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ljdkjpk vadq’k ulY;kus f’k{kd & izf’k{k.kkyk baxzth ek/;ekP;k

‘’kkGkeqGs fdrh Qk;nk gksbZy gk ,d osxG;k la’kks/kukpk fo"k; vkgs-

4- ‘’kklu f’k{k.kkps [kktxhdj.k djr vlY;kus vkf.k f’k{kd & izf’k{k.k

gk O;kolkf;d vH;kl

Ë

ekr x.kYkk tkrks R;keqGs ;ke/;s xqaro.kwd

dj.;kl fdrh izfrlkn feGsy gs fuf’pr ukgh -

;k v’kk izdkjP;k vusd leL;k f’k{kd & izf’k{k.kke/;s ;s.kkj vkgsr -i.k

R;kPkk ojrh ekr d:u xq.koRrkiw.kZ f’k{k.k f’k{kd & izf’k{k.kke?;s fny

xsy ikfgts - ;klkBh dk; mik;;kstuk djrk ;srhy gs ikgw -

mik;;kstuk %

1- f’k{kd & izf’k{k.k vH;kl

Ë

e gk iw.kZi.ks ‘’kklukP;k vf/kdkjkr vlkok-

T;ke/;s izR;sd jkT;krhy izkFkfed f’k{k.kkiklwu rs mPp f’k{k.kke/khy

izfruh/kh vlkosr-

2- f’k{kd & izf’k{k.k vH;kl

Ë

ekpk lekos’k O;kolkf;d vH;kl

Ë

ekr u

Bsork brj fo|k’kk[kke/;s djkok -

3- mPp f’k{k.kke/;s usV & lsV vlsy rj O;k[;krk Eg.kwu ekU;rk feGrs

ijarq v/;kiu gs ‘’kkL= ekur vlw rj ex R;kaP;klkBh izf’k{k.k vfuok;Z

djkos o R;kph tckcnkjh f’k{kd & izf’k{k.k ns.kk&;k laLFkkdMs

lksiokoh-T;keqGs mPp f’k{k.kke/;s xq.koRrk ok<hl enr gksbZy-

4- ‘’kklu loZ Lrjkrhy f’k{kdkaP;k lsokarxZr izf’k{k.kkojrh djksMks :i;s

[kpZ djrs rjh R;kpk izHkkoh ifj.kke fnlwu ;sr ukgh- ;klkBh izf’k{k.kkph

tckcnkjh izR;sd rkyqD;krhy f’k{kd & izf’k{k.k laLFksaojrh |koh ts.ks

d:u f’k{kd & izf’k{k.k egkfo|ky;kuk ‘’kkldh; vuqnku feGsy o

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f’k{kd & izf’k{k.kkph xq.koRrk lq/kkjr vlrkukp R;kP;k’kh laca/khr

loZ ?kVdkapk fopkj dsY;kl o leUo; lk/kY;kl f’k{kd & izf’k{k.k

vH;kl

Ë

e izHkkohi.ks jkcork ;sby -

lanHkZ lwph

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