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Spatial Image Watermarking by Error Correction Coding in Gray Codes

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Figure

Figure 1. Distributions of difference bits between two 8-bit , 8dd 1, 2,indicate those bit positions only one of which differs at the difference bits occurring in a codeword; the numbers writ- ten in the right side denote the total numbers of codeword pairs to which the bit distributions apply; the number writ- ten at each bit position in parentheses denotes the number of codeword pairs which differ at the position; the asterisks same time.Gray codewords apart by a difference signal-level from each other, for : Ndiff denotes the number of 
Table 1tion than the codes (ii) and (iv). On the other hand, as
Figure 4(a), compared with that of
Figure 5. Examples of images “Lena” (left) and “Aerial” (right): (a) source images; results of watermarking (b) by ECCG0, (c) by ECCG1, (d) by PS method with ρ = 1 and δ = 3, and (e) by PS method with ρ = 1 and δ = 5
+2

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