Socialism

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SOCIALISM

(2)

SOCIALISM

In

In ththe e papast st 1150 50 yeyears ars ththere ere hahavve e bebeen en ininnunumemerabrable le didifffferiering ng socialist programs.

socialist programs.

For this reason socialist as a doctrine is ill defined, although its For this reason socialist as a doctrine is ill defined, although its main purpose, the establishment of cooperation in place of main purpose, the establishment of cooperation in place of competition remains fixed.

competition remains fixed. An

An idideoeolology gy ararguguining g ththat at cicititizezens ns arare e bebest st seservrved ed bby y popolilicicieses focused on meeting the basic needs of the entire society rather focused on meeting the basic needs of the entire society rather than on ser

(3)

FE

ATUR

_E

S



S

tate o

wnership of

wnership of means of production

means of production



Central economic planning



S

ocial welfare



Equality of opportunity



Classless society

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(4)

M

_E

RITS



S

ocial justice

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Economic stability

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Rational allocation of resources

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Higher economic

Higher economic gro

gro

wth



(5)

D

DE

E

M

_E

RITS



Concentration of economic power in state



Lack of incentive and initiative

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Loss of consumer

Loss of consumer sovereignty

sovereignty



Loss of occupational freedom

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Inefficiency and low productivity

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H

ISTORICAL BACKGROUN

_D

Industrial Revolution threw thousands of handcrafts workers into Industrial Revolution threw thousands of handcrafts workers into

labor market labor market Cr

Croowdwded ed slslumums s wweerre e esestatablblishished ed ararouounnd d facfacttororieies; s; CrCrimime,e, d

diisseeaassee, , hhuunnggeer r aannd d mmiisseerry y wweerre e a a wwaay y of of lliiffee; ; NNoo compensations were given for industrial accidents; Rights for compensations were given for industrial accidents; Rights for wage owners did not exist and Unions were illegal

(7)

TYPES



 UtopianUtopian SSocialismocialism

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 SStatetate SSocialismocialism

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 ChristianChristian SSocialismocialism

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 AnarchismAnarchism

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 MarxianMarxian SSocialismocialism

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 CommunismCommunism

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 RevisioninsmRevisioninsm

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 FabianFabian SSocialismocialism

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 SSyndicalismyndicalism

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UTOPIAN SOCIALISM

1800 1800 Henri de

Henri de SS_aint-_aint-SS_imon_imon

Charles Fourier Charles Fourier Robert Owens Robert Owens The competitiv

The competitive market economy is unjust and e market economy is unjust and irrationalirrational Universal toge

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STAT

_E

SOCIALISM

Louis Blanc

Otto von Bismark Otto von Bismark

Government Ownership and operation of all or specific sectors Government Ownership and operation of all or specific sectors

of the economy of the economy S

S_{ocial insurance against unemployment, sickness and old age}_{ocial insurance against unemployment, sickness and old age}

Purpose was to achieve overall social objectives and not just Purpose was to achieve overall social objectives and not just

profit profit

The state is an impartial power that could be influenced to The state is an impartial power that could be influenced to

favor the working class favor the working class Aims at increa

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C

_H

RISTIAN SOCIALISM

1848 ² England and Germany 1848 ² England and Germany Charles Kingsley ² English

Charles Kingsley ² English After the

After the defeat of radical movementsdefeat of radical movements Workers

Workers turned to religion to ease turned to religion to ease their pain and their pain and for hopefor hope Bible ² Manual

Bible ² Manual of the of the leaders, employleaders, employers aers and employnd employeesees Property used for the benefit of

Property used for the benefit of eveveryoneeryone Advocated

Advocated SS_{anitary reform, education factory legislation and}_{anitary reform, education factory legislation and}

cooperatives. cooperatives.

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ANARC

_H

ISM

Pierre Joseph Proudhon Pierre Joseph Proudhon

Human nature is essentially good if not cor

Human nature is essentially good if not corruptedrupted All forms of government should be abolished

All forms of government should be abolished S

S_oc_ocie_ie_ty_ty·s_·s _or_or_de_der_r _sh_shou_oul_ld_d _ar_aris_ise_e _ou_out_t _of_of _se_self_lf-g_-go_ov_ver_erni_ning_ng _gr_grou_oups_ps

through voluntary or associate effort through voluntary or associate effort Private pr

Private properoperty should be owned by cooperating groupsty should be owned by cooperating groups

Associations of producers control agriculture, industry, artistic Associations of producers control agriculture, industry, artistic

production, etc. production, etc.

Association of consumers coordinate housing, lighting, health, Association of consumers coordinate housing, lighting, health,

food, sanitation, etc. food, sanitation, etc.

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MARXIAN SOCIALISM

Karl Marx

Karl Marx F

Friedrich Eriedrich Engelsngels S

S_cientific_cientific SS_{ocialism - based on the labor theory of value and}_{ocialism - based on the labor theory of value and}

theor

theory of exploitation of workers by of exploitation of workers by the capitalistsy the capitalists Th

The e wwororkikinng g clclasass s wwilill l esestatablblish ish itits s oown wn didictctatatororshship ip of of ththee proletariat

proletariat Private pr

Private properoperty in consumer goods is ty in consumer goods is permittedpermitted Capital and land

Capital and land owned by central governmentowned by central government Production and rate of investment is planned Production and rate of investment is planned

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COMMUNISM

The stage of society

The stage of society that eventually supersedes socialismthat eventually supersedes socialism

From each according to his ability, to each according to his need From each according to his ability, to each according to his need Abundance of goods relative to wants

Abundance of goods relative to wants

Compensation not based on work performed Compensation not based on work performed

Workers establish a proletarian dictatorship and organise a soviet Workers establish a proletarian dictatorship and organise a soviet

government government

Promote greater freedom of expression along with an increasing Promote greater freedom of expression along with an increasing

democracy democracy

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R

_EV

ISIONINSM

Eduard Bernstien ² Germany Eduard Bernstien ² Germany Gas and Water

Gas and Water SS_ocialism_ocialism

Opposite t

Opposite to Marxo Marxian - Relies on democracy and not dictatorshipian - Relies on democracy and not dictatorship Pi

Pins ns hohope pe on on ededucucatatioion, n, elelecectitiononeeeerinring g anand d gagaininining g cocontntrorol l of of gov

government through the ernment through the ballotballot

Government regulates monopolies, controls the factories working Government regulates monopolies, controls the factories working conditions, takes over public utilities and extends its ownership conditions, takes over public utilities and extends its ownership of capital

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F

ABIAN SOCIALISM

S

S_{ydney and Beatrice}_{ydney and Beatrice Webb}_Webb

British counterpart

British counterpart to Revto Revisionismisionism

The middle class were directly involved in cooperative movements, The middle class were directly involved in cooperative movements,

trade unions and the entire British political apparatus trade unions and the entire British political apparatus Higher labor income was the core concept

Higher labor income was the core concept S

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SYN

_D

ICALISM

George

George SS_orel_orel

Abolition of private property

Abolition of private property and extinction of political governmentand extinction of political government Need for One Big Union -

Need for One Big Union - ReRevolutionary strikesvolutionary strikes

One big strike will overthrow capitalism and the government will One big strike will overthrow capitalism and the government will

ev

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GUIL

_D

SOCIALISM

G.D.H. Cole

G.D.H. Cole S

S_ta_tat_te_e _w_was_as _a_a _ne_nece_cess_ssary_ary _in_inst_stit_itut_ut_ion_io_n _f_for_or _th_the_e _ge_gene_nera_ral_l _in_int_ter_eres_est_t _of_of

citizens citizens

Industries was to be

Industries was to be managed by employeesmanaged by employees G

Goovveerrnnmmeennt t wwaas s tto o ddeetteerrmmiinne e eeccoonnoommiic c ppoolliicciiees s ffoor r tthhee community

community

Every worker would be a partner Every worker would be a partner N

Natatioion n tto o be be didivvidideed d iintnto o prprododuucecersrs(G(Guiuild ld AsAssosociciatatiionon) ) anandd consumers(Government)

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B

_E

N

_EF

ITS

Ut

Utopopiianan, , ChChririststiaian n aand nd GuGuiildld SS_oc_oc_i_ial_al_is_ists_ts _cl_clai_ai_m_med_ed _t_to_o _be_bene_nefi_fit_t ev

evereryone·s interest -yone·s interest -Needs and interest

Needs and interest of : of : WorkWorkers by ers by inspiring reforms, Employinspiring reforms, Employersers by div

by divererting from organised unions and Pting from organised unions and Political parolitical partiesties Marxist, Anarchists and

Marxist, Anarchists and SS_{yndicalists -}_yndicalists

-Class warfare against the rich for the interest of the working Class warfare against the rich for the interest of the working class

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