Indian Aviation Industry

TITLE PAGE

TITLE PAGE

NAME OF STUDENT: SRI BALLABH RATHI

NAME OF STUDENT: SRI BALLABH RATHI

SEMESTER: 5 TH

SEMESTER: 5 TH

ROLL NUMBER: 180

ROLL NUMBER: 180

SUPERVISOR: ANUPAM PURKAIT

SUPERVISOR: ANUPAM PURKAIT

DA

DATE OF

TE OF SUBBMISSION: 16.11.2016

SUBBMISSION: 16.11.2016

TITLE: THE INDIAN AVIATION INDUSTRY.

TITLE: THE INDIAN AVIATION INDUSTRY.

TERM PAPER TO BE SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL

TERM PAPER TO BE SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL

FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS

FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS

OF TH

OF THE GRADUA

E GRADUATE DEGREE

TE DEGREE

BACHELOR OF

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRA

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

TION

 .D. BIRL

 .D. BIRLA INSTITUT

A INSTITUTE

E

AFFIILIA

AFFIILIATED TO

TED TO ADA

ADAVPUR UNIVERSI

VPUR UNIVERSITY 

TY 

SIGNATURE

SIGNATURE OF

OF THE

THE STUDENT

STUDENT

SIGNATURE OF

SIGNATURE

OF

THE SUPERVISOR

THE SUPERVISOR

Page | 1 Page | 1

DECLARATION

DECLARATION

I !"#$%&" '(" )*$$*+,-: I !"#$%&" '(" )*$$*+,-:

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NAME : SRI BALLABH RATHI NAME : SRI BALLABH RATHI ROLL NO : 180

ROLL NO : 180

SUPERVISOR : ANUPAM PURKAIT SUPERVISOR : ANUPAM PURKAIT

Page | 2 Page | 2

DECLARATION

DECLARATION

I !"#$%&" '(" )*$$*+,-: I !"#$%&" '(" )*$$*+,-:

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NAME : SRI BALLABH RATHI NAME : SRI BALLABH RATHI ROLL NO : 180

ROLL NO : 180

SUPERVISOR : ANUPAM PURKAIT SUPERVISOR : ANUPAM PURKAIT

Page | 2 Page | 2

 A

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 

CKNOWLEDGEMENT 

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'*,#.

'*,#.

Sri Ballabh Rathi 

Sri Ballabh Rathi 

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 ABSTRA

 ABSTRACT

CT::

One of the fastest

One of the fastest growing aviation industries in the world is Indian growing aviation industries in the world is Indian AAviationviation Industry

Industry. With the . With the liberalization of the Indian liberalization of the Indian aviation setor! a aviation setor! a ra"idra"id revolution has undergone in

revolution has undergone in Indian aviation Indian aviation industryindustry. Pri#arily it was . Pri#arily it was aa govern#e

govern#ent$owned industry! but now nt$owned industry! but now it is do#inated by it is do#inated by "rivately owned full"rivately owned full servie airlines and low

servie airlines and low ost arriers. Around %&' share of the ost arriers. Around %&' share of the do#estido#esti aviation #ar(et is shared by "rivate airlines. )arlier only

aviation #ar(et is shared by "rivate airlines. )arlier only few "eo"le ouldfew "eo"le ould a*ord air travel! but now it an be a*orded by a large nu#ber of "eo"le as it a*ord air travel! but now it an be a*orded by a large nu#ber of "eo"le as it has beo#e #uh hea"er beause of

has beo#e #uh hea"er beause of sti* o#"etition.sti* o#"etition. A wide range of s

A wide range of servies reervies related to air trans"ort suh lated to air trans"ort suh as "assenger and argoas "assenger and argo airlines! unsheduled servie o"erators $$$ "rivate +ets and helio"ters!

airlines! unsheduled servie o"erators $$$ "rivate +ets and helio"ters! air"ort #anage#ent! and su""

air"ort #anage#ent! and su""ort servies li(e ,aintenane! -ort servies li(e ,aintenane! -e"airs ande"airs and Overhaul ,-O/! gr

Overhaul ,-O/! ground handling! in$0ight atering! and ound handling! in$0ight atering! and training are beingtraining are being o*ered by Indian Aviation industry. )nor#ous benet has rea"ed by the o*ered by Indian Aviation industry. )nor#ous benet has rea"ed by the

Aviation setor fro# the entry of "rivate arriers! es"eially fro# those of the Aviation setor fro# the entry of "rivate arriers! es"eially fro# those of the low fare ones. till the aviation setor ontributes a

low fare ones. till the aviation setor ontributes a s#all "art of the travels#all "art of the travel and trans"ortation servies setor in India. In

and trans"ortation servies setor in India. In the year 2$% about 5the year 2$% about 5 #illion "assengers were travelled by airlines annually! while

#illion "assengers were travelled by airlines annually! while nearly  billionnearly  billion "assengers arried by the railways. In 2$% the airlines su*ered losses of "assengers arried by the railways. In 2$% the airlines su*ered losses of around 67 & #illion and the situation

around 67 & #illion and the situation is e8"eted to deline in 2%$9.is e8"eted to deline in 2%$9.  :he reasons of these losse

 :he reasons of these losses were high ost of o"ers were high ost of o"erations! intenseations! intense o#"etition! and unsustainably low fares. 7ue to

o#"etition! and unsustainably low fares. 7ue to the inreasing oststhe inreasing osts aviation industry is fa

aviation industry is faing the di;ultying the di;ulty. India<s . India<s aviation setor stands aviation setor stands u" tou" to the risis and raes against

the risis and raes against its fastest growing global o#"etitors.its fastest growing global o#"etitors. )nhane#ent in a*ordability and onnetivity add to the e8"eted )nhane#ent in a*ordability and onnetivity add to the e8"eted i#"rove

i#"rove#ent in both "assengers and #ent in both "assengers and argo tra;. =arge "ubli and "rivateargo tra;. =arge "ubli and "rivate invest#ents whih are su""orted by govern#ent initiatives in a

invest#ents whih are su""orted by govern#ent initiatives in air travelir travel infrastrutur

infrastruture are e8"eted to "our in. :his e are e8"eted to "our in. :his "a"er will disuss about"a"er will disuss about o""ortunities! issues > hallenges faed by Aviation industry.

o""ortunities! issues > hallenges faed by Aviation industry.

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Contents

Title

 page

!"

De#laration

!$

 A#%no&le'ge(ent

!)

 Abstra#t

!*

Table o+

#ontents

!,

Intro'-#tion

.

Literat-re

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Resear#h

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INTROD3CTION

The /ario-s propose' resear#h 4-estions are:

  :he role of aviation industry in India

  :he ontribution of aviation industry in Indian eono#y

  :he urrent situation And the future of the industry

  :he various "oliies and govern#ent initiatives

  :he hallenges faed by the industry

 7etailed study of the airline o#"anies in India and o#"arisons between the#.

 Internal and e8ternal analysis of the industry.

  :he various agenies involved in the aviation setor and invest#ents #ade

The i(portan#e o+ the st-'0:

T* /-!"&3'%-! '(" bene5ts o+ ha/ing an e6#ient

a/iation in'-str0:

"7 Cons-(er bene5ts +or passengers an' shippers

 :he aviation setor ? o#"rising the airlines together with the air"orts! air navigation and other essential grounds servies that #a(e u" the air trans"ort infrastruture ? arries over % #illion "assengers1 and 1.4 #illion tonnes of air freight to! fro# and within India. ,ore than 13! sheduled international 0ights de"art India annually! destined for % air"orts in & ountries. 7o#estially! #ore than 4! 0ights #a(e 95 #illion seats available to "assengers annually!

destined to %3 air"orts2 . A#ong the #any reasons that "eo"le and businesses use air trans"ort! "eo"le rely on it for holidays and visiting friends and fa#ily@ while businesses use air trans"ort for #eeting lients and for the s"eedy and reliable delivery of #ail and goods often over great distanes. or this reason! the air trans"ort networ( has been alled the -eal World Wide Web 3 .

$7 A/iation enhan#es e#ono(i# per+or(an#e

I#"rove#ents in onnetivity ontribute to the eono#i "erfor#ane of the wider eono#y through enhaning its overall level of "rodutivity. :his i#"rove#ent in "rodutivity in r#s outside the aviation setor o#es through two #ain hannelsB through the e*ets on do#esti r#s of inreased aess to foreign #ar(ets! and inreased foreign o#"etition in the ho#e #ar(et! and through the freer #ove#ent of invest#ent a"ital and wor(ers between ountries. I#"roved onnetivity gives Indian$based businesses greater aess to foreign #ar(ets! enouraging e8"orts! and at the sa#e ti#e inreases o#"etition and hoie in the ho#e #ar(et fro# foreign$based "roduers. In this way! i#"roved onnetivity enourages r#s to s"eialize in areas where they "ossess a o#"arative advantage. Where r#s en+oy a o#"arative advantage! international trade "rovides the o""ortunity to better e8"loit eono#ies of sale! driving down their osts and "ries and thereby

beneting do#esti onsu#ers in the "roess. O"ening do#esti #ar(ets to foreign

o#"etitors an also be an i#"ortant driver behind reduing unit "rodution osts! either by foring do#esti r#s to ado"t best international "raties in "rodution and #anage#ent #ethods or by enouraging innovation.

)7

 Conne#ti/it0 an' long8ter( gro&th

 A thought e8"eri#ent onsidering the i#"at on trade fro# eli#inating the air trans"ort networ( suggests the eono#i benet of onnetivity is substantial. ,oreover! the e8"eriene of businesses in )uro"e during the volani ash$indued airs"ae losures of 21! as +ust$in$ti#e su""ly hains failed! "rovides a #ore onrete illustration of how de"endent #odern eono#ies are on their air trans"ort infrastrutures.

T* /-!"&3'%-! '(" #(%$$"-"3 )%#"! 

I-!,%-%7,%',*- ,-!/3'&

B

 Airline industry is su*ering fro# huge debt burden. :he industry has a debt of C1&.93 billion

 Airline industry is not able to generate "rots and is su*ering fro# losses. :he industry has lost about C1. billion fro# 2%$214. Aording to the Dentre for Asia Pai Aviation! the industry is e8"eted to reord losses of C1.4 billion in nanial year 24$1&.  9igh airport #harges: Air"ort harges ontribute 2' for long

distane and 3' for short distane air ti(ets

 9igh engineering #harges +or (aintenan#eB :he #aintenane re"air and overhaul ,-O/ harges are high! so airlines "refer to go to Abu 7habi! Eordan! inga"ore for ,-O. :he inreased ,-O harge is "assed on to "assengers.

 oli#0 paral0sis: :he suessive govern#ents have failed to fra#e a "oliy with a long$ter# vision for airline industry. :he airline industry has been left to fend for itself and serve the elite lass in selet

#etros. :he airline industry an be develo"ed to utilize the trained "ool of tehniians and engineers to reate o""ortunities for

#anufaturing! ,-O! argo! training and #any other allied ativities. Airline industry should be viewed as a tool of eono#i growth and +ob reation.

 Lo& #-sto(er base: :he usto#er base is not e8"anding ra"idly to enhane the o"erational "rots

 oor reg-lation: :he industry does not "rovided level "laying eld for a new o#er due to "oor regulation. :he #ono"oly of "ubli setor

o#"anies has now been re"laed by artel for#ation of "rivate

o#"anies. :he "roedures are o#"le8 and u#berso#e. :he 7FDA is su""osed to su""ort the develo"#ent of industry! "rovide

su""ortive "oliy fra#ewor( and loo( after the safety and onern of "assengers. Gowever! 7FDA wor(s with a traditional govern#ent servant #entality. :he sta* is untrained and de#oralized.

 oor stat-s o+ airports: :he govern#ent has not allowed

o#"etition in air"orts. ,any international destinations have followed "oliy of #ore than one air"ort. =ondon has ve! Hew or( has four! Gong Jong has four #ore international air"orts within 1& (# radius  inanial stress #ay a*et the safety of "assengers! as airlines lower

their #aintenane budgets. :he audit re"ort of 77FDA has highlighted la( of s"are "arts as serious launae for #aintenane of the airrafts o#"rising the safety of the "assengers.

 9igh pri#e o+ AT; as #o(pare' to pri#es at international le/el:

A: "ries in India are highest globally and $%' higher than neighboring hub li(e Juala =u#"ur! Kang(o(! Gong Jong and

inga"ore Lalue added ta8 on A: signiantly a*ets the o"erating "rots.

 -u"ee de"reiation a*ets the airline industry badly.

 Co(ple2 ta2 str-#t-re +or AT;B :he "riing of A: does not re0et the international rude oil "ries. Oil #ar(eting o#"anies 8 the "rie by adding #any other harges. :he "ubli setor oil o#"anies see# to have #ade a artel to 8 the rates for airline o#"anies! by abusing their #ono"oly.

T* /-!"&3'%-! '(" F%#'*&3 #*-'&,/',- '* '("

&*+'( *) '(" %7,%',*- 3"#'*&:

ro# an over$regulated and under$#anaged setor! the aviation industry in India has now hanged to a #ore o"en! liberal and invest#ent$friendly setor! es"eially after 24. :he ivil aviation setor in India has #oved into a new era of e8"ansion. o#e #a+or fators ontributing to this areB

• Gigher household ino#es

• trong eono#i growth and u""orting Fovern#ent "oliies • )ntry of low ost arriers =DD/

• Inreased 7I in0ows in do#esti airlines and Inreased tourist in0ow • urging argo #ove#ent and ,odern air"orts

• Dutting edge infor#ation tehnology I:/ interventions

• ous on regional onnetivity and ustained business growth

To -n'erstan' the Opport-nities a/ailable in the

a/iation in'-str0:

Indian aviation s"ae o*ers "ro#ising o""ortunities in the areas of  • Airraft #anufaturing and infrastruture

• Air"ort and ground su""ort eMui"#ent

• ,aintenane -e"air O"erations ,-O/ failities • Fround handling servies

•  :rained #an"ower

• Air argo and fuel hedging et

To -n'erstan' the Tren's in A/iation In'-str0:

1. Consoli'ation in a/iation se#tor :

In aviation industries the rise in the nu#ber of allianes will hel" in "ro#ote the growth of aviation setor in India. )8a#"le of the Eet$ahara #erger is +ust the beginning. Indian

aviation industry is loo(ing forward to #ore onsolidations.

2. The n-(ber o+ passengers tra/eling b0 air is on the

rise:

Ky 22& "assenger boarding e8"eted to double and by the sa#e ti#e airraft o"erations are e8"eted to tri"le! the nu#ber of "assengers traveling by air is on rise.

?. ;or the tra/eling p-bli#< pri#e is para(o-nt in #hoosing

a #arrier:

Airfares are fully trans"arent to the "ubli and travelers are

hoosing the lowest "rie o"tion beause of the Internet and round$the$lo( searh faility. )ven business travelers! who have been less "rie$sensitive! are resisting fare inreases. :ravelers are not giving "referene to brand but the only "re#iu#s they are willing to "ay for are ti#e$of ?day and diret 0ights.

@. Capa#it0 is gro&ing &itho-t (-#h #onstraint:

 :he new airraft have been ordered by Indian arriers for delivery in the o#ing "eriod! without lear "lans to retire older "lanes. igniant nu#bers of

regional +ets are also adding by the#. Jingsher Airlines has already ordered

& Airbus A39 airrafts that will o"erate on international routes

5. Cost str-#t-res &ill #ontin-e to han'i#ap lega#0

#arriers as the0 #o(pete &ith ne&er airlines< as &ell as

&ith o/erseas #arriers:

Freat threats are being "osed by the low ost arriers to legay arriers! as a result of whih they are reshuNe! their

"riing "oliies. A"art fro# this! they are also faing o#"etition fro# overseas "layers.

6. Oil pri#es are not e2pe#te' to +all 

: Aviation :urbine uel A:/ "ries have been inreased by 3.& "er ent! in line with the rise in

international oil "ries. Keause of this there is a #arginal inrease in airfares.

. O-tso-r#ing:

Private airlines are fa#ous to hire foreign "ilots! get e8"atriates or retired "ersonnel fro# the Air ore or P6 airlines! in senior #anage#ent "ositions. Airlines are also fa#ous to ta(e on ontrat

e#"loyees suh as abin rew! ti(eting and he($in agents.

To -n'erstan' the Reason +or Boo( in A/iation

In'-str0:

1. ;oreign e4-it0 allo&e':

Without any Fovern#ent a""roval!

foreign eMuity u" to 45 "er ent and H-I Hon$-esident Indian/ invest#ent u" to 1 "er ent is allowable in do#esti airlines.

2. Lo& entr0 barriers:

Howadays! to launh an airline venture a"ital of C1 #illion or less is enough. Private airlines are hiring foreign "ilots! get e8"atriates or retired "ersonnel fro# the Air ore or P6 airlines in senior #anage#ent "ositions.

?. Attra#tion o+ +oreign shores:

,any "rivate "layers li(e Eet and ahara have gone international by starting o"erations! rst to AA-D

ountries! and then to outh$)ast Asia! the 6J! and the 6 and #any #ore do#esti airlines too will be entitled to 0y overseas by using unutilized bilateral entitle#ents to Indian arriers.

@. Rising in#o(e le/els an' 'e(ographi#

 pro5le:

As o#"ared to the develo"ed ountry standards! India<s F7P "er a"ita/ at C3!1 is still very low but as India is shining! at least in #etro ities and urban enters! where I: and KPO industries have #ade the young

generation "ros"erous. 7e#ogra"hially! In India "eo"le in age grou" of 2$ & a#ong its & #illion strong #iddle lass! has the highest "erentage with high earning "otential. It ontributes the boost in do#esti air travel!

"artiularly fro# a low base of 19 #illion "assengers.

5. 3ntappe' potential o+ In'ia=s to-ris(:

Presently India attrats 3.2 #illion tourists every year! while Dhina gets 1 ti#es the nu#ber. 7ue to the o"en s(y "oliy :ourist arrivals in India are e8"eted to grow

e8"onentially.

6. Gla(o-r o+ the airlines:

An airline is as gla#orous as the l#$ #a(ing industry. :oday Airline tyoons! li(e E. -. 7. :ata and Goward Gughes! ir -ihard Kranson! 7r. Li+aya ,allya! have been idolized. Airlines have an aura of gla#our around the#! and high net worth individuals an always toy with the idea of owning an airline.

=I:)-A:6-) -)LI)W.

A $,'"&%'/&" &"7,"+ ,-7*$7"3 '(" &"7,"+ *) '("

&"7,*/3 3'/! '(%' (%3 ""- #%&&,"! */' ,- '("

&")"&"-#" '* 3%" 3/<"#'. A $,'"&%'/&" &"7,"+

#%-("$ /3 ,- "''"& /-!"&3'%-!,-.

A C*%&%',7" S'/! B"'+""- I-!,%- P/$,# A-!

P&,7%'" L*+ C*3' A,&$,-"3 ,'( R"3"#' T* T(",&

P%33"-"& S"&7,#" 9 D,% M,'&% 2010

 )8a#ine in her study and she has given i#"ortane on healthy relationshi" between usto#er and the Airline servie "rovider. :he Airlines Industry today should ai# not only at delivery of the servie to the "assengers! but they should also fous on satisfying the "assengers with the servies. :hey need to (now the usto#er "referenes and should bring hanges aording to that. :hen the usto#er will be satised. o#e of the "rivate "layers are very #uh onerned about their "assengers as well as so#e of the# are i#"le#enting low "rie strategy to attrat the "assengers. o in this

o#"etitive age! the suess of Airlines is very #uh de"endent on the

"assenger servie "rovided at all levels! after and during the +ourney to #a(e their "assengers satised. :his study fouses on the following ob+etivesB to identify the #ost i#"ortant fators in "assenger servie both in "ubli as well as in "rivate low ost airlines! to o#"are and ontrast the servies on the basis of olleted data and to suggest so#e adeMuate #easures to

i#"rove their "assenger servies. :he signiantly and "ositively in0uening fators related to "assengers satisfation and i#age of both the airlines are identied with the hel" of fator analysis. :his researh has been done on Indian Aviation Industry with a sa#"le size of 14 res"ondents and this whole study has overed only those usto#ers who have been traveled by "ubli as well as low ost airlines. :hese data has been analyzed with the hel" of P software and statistis alulator.

A S'/! O- S"&7,#" Q/%$,' A-! P%33"-"&

S%',3)%#',*- O- I-!,%- A,&$,-"3 9 R.A&#(%-%

9A33*#,%'" P&*)"33*& D,&"#'*&%'" *) O-$,-" 

D,3'%-#" E!/#%',*- DODE A--% U-,7"&3,' *) 

T"#(-*$* C*,%'*&" T%,$ N%!/ I-!,% 

D&.M.V.S/(%9R"3"%&#( S#(*$%& S#(**$ *) 

M%-%""-' S'/!,"3 A--% U-,7"&3,' *) 

T"#(-*$* C*,%'*&" T%,$ N%!/ I-!,%. 2012

 :hey have studied the fators whih in0uene on "assenger satisfation. :his study analyzed the data fro# "assengers of three lasses! eono#y!

business and "re#iu#. :he results suggest that there are di*erent fators of in$0ight servie Muality that are i#"ortant aording to the usto#er seat lass. :hey have identied that Duisines "rovided! seat o#fort! safety these fators have an i#"ortant role in usto#er satisfation. :he ndings reveal that these three di#ensions are "ositively related to "ereive servie Muality in international air travel and of these di#ensions! Duisines "rovided! seat o#fort safety are the #ost i#"ortant di#ension in in$0ight servie Muality.  :hey have also found that usto#er satisfation de"ends on "ersonal

entertain#ent! whih is an i#"ortant fator in 0ying deisions of "assenger.

Aording to their study online seat boo(ing! all enter failities and

reservationanellation is highest in0uening fator in 0ying deisions of the "assengers. :he study overs a sa#"le of 2% res"ondents and survey was ondut at the Dhennai international ter#inal of :a#il Hadu during ,ay$Eune 211.a#"lingwas done by interviewing rando#ly seleted "assengers at di*erent ti#e of a day. A strutured Muestionnaire was used for olleting the data

C-sto(er Satis+a#tion With Do(esti# Airlines In

In'ia8 /aishal!# Maha>an an' Ra-! Ss ?$@"@78

resear#h s#holar< sath0aba(a -ni/ersit0< Chennai<

In'ia sath0aba(a -ni/ersit0< Chennai< In'ia

 :he researher e8tensively e#"hasis on the usto#er satisfation is an i#"ortant tool in develo"ing the usto#er satisfation #easures and

establishing business "roesses that lin( Muality with usto#er satisfation. In reent years! there has been onsiderable #anagerial interest in dening! #easuring and develo"ing usto#er satisfation to #eet the o#"etitive hallenges a#ong the industries. Airlines also are su*ering fro# suh o#"etition! Airlines #ust understand that usto#er satisfation is what guarantees the future of these o#"anies and it is ahieved by an ado"tion of a o#"arative tool to #ini#ize disre"anies between their servies and "assengers needs. Larious researhes are available whih learly de"it the satisfation a#ong the usto#ers. In India low ost airline industry is going through an interesting "hase of o#"etition. =ayo*s! shut downs and

industry onsolidation have bettered e#"loyee #orale and that shows u" the negative in0uene on the satisfation level of the usto#ers. :he #ain ob+etive of the researh is to identify #a+or servie deter#inants of airlines and #easuring usto#er satisfation on these and to nd out assoiation between usto#er "role and satisfation.

Bran'ing satis+a#tion in the airline in'-str0: A

#o(parati/e st-'0 o+ Mala0sia Airlines an' Air 

 Asia8 Kee M-n< Wong an' Ghaali< M-sa ?$@""78

F%#/$' *) B/3,-"33 %-! A##*/-'%-# U-,7"&3,' *) 

M%$%% 5060? K/%$% L//& M%$%3,%.

 :his study is uniMue theoretially in e8"loring the di#ensions of airline

servies branding satisfation. It also o#"ares the satisfation of one of the worlds best full servie airlines ,alaysian Airlines/ and the worlds best low ost airlines Air Asia/ :he researh revealed seven brand satisfation

di#ensions in the airline industry. :hese are tangibles! "rie! ore servie! re"utation! "ubliity! word$of$#outh! and e#"loyee. Krand is ruial in

di*erentiating the su"eriority of "roduts or servies over others. :his is an e8"loratory study e8a#ining the di*erenes in brand satisfation between ,alaysian Airlines full servie airlines/ and Air Asia low ost airlines/ in ,alaysia :hey found that airline industry has undergone through a fast #oving ride for the "ast few years. One of the #ain develo"#ents in the urrent aviation industry is the growing "o"ularity of low ost airline with high Muality servie. :he o#"etition between ,alaysia airlines and Air Pai has$been ut throat as regards to "rie fator. Koth the airlines have di*erent usto#er base and hene o*ers di*erent servie e8"eriene. It is also note able that di*erentiate in "roviding higher servie Muality is the #ain fator to inrease or to attrat usto#ers towards the#. It has been notied that usto#ers are getting attrated towards the intangible servie where #onetary value is less than the servies being "rovided.

In8ight Meals< assengers Le/el o+ Satis+a#tion

an' Re80ing Intention b08 Moh' ahari< M! S<

Salleh< N! K!< Ka(ar-''in< M! S! F an' K-t-t< M! 8

?$@""7

ervie Muality is the essene of airline o#"anies whih #a(es their i#age di*erentiate fro# others and (ee" their i#age in the #inds of "assengers. ,any airlines followed the route of higher servie Muality through on ground and o* ground servie. Inboard #eal is one of the i#"ortant as"ets of the

airline o"eration. Howadays it bea#e #ar(eting strategy. :his researh

de"its the reation of usto#ers through in 0ight #eals to see the satisfying level and re 0ying intention. ood not only saries the inboard usto#ers but also have an e*et on 0ying intention. Airline o#"anies therefore

should not ignore this ele#ent but ta(e the o""ortunity to reate #ore attrative and ae"table in$0ight #ealsfood along with other #atter as #ar(eting tools in attrating "assengers to re$0ying with the#. Ky being alerted to these #atters! Airline Do#"anies diretly an "osition the#selves well and be #ore o#"etitive in the fast growing airline industry. Ketter

understanding of the airline "assengers e8"etations would also #a(e the airlines o#"anies #ore sensitive and e*etive in o"eration #anage#ent tehniMues and i#"rove "assengers satisfation and gain re"eat

"assengers.

Ser/i#e -alit0 er#eptions o+ Do(esti# Airline

Cons-(ers in In'ia: An E(piri#al St-'0!

8Bhag0ala%sh(i Hen%atesh 8

ES Instit-te o+ Te#hnolog0< Bengalr-< KarnJta%a<

In'ia an' Ra>en'ra Narg-n'%ar 8In'ian Instit-te o+ 

Manage(ent In'ore In'ore< In'ia! ?$@@.7

 :hey have e8a#ined that "riing and servie Muality are the (ey variables that deide the brand eMuity of eah "layer in the airline industry. :he artile suggests that #easure#ent and #anage#ent of servie Mualityis the (ey for survival of airline o#"anies. :his researh "a"er e8a#ines the servie

Muality delivered by four #a+or airlines in India on the ba(dro" of sti*

o#"etition in the airline servie setor. :he "roess traveling on a do#esti airline was divided into "re$0ight! in$0ight and "ost 0ight e8"erienes. A

survey was onduted to nd out the "ereived servie Muality of freMuent 0iers on eah of the four airlines aross a series of servies "erfor#ane variables. :he airline brands were "ositioned in a "ere"tual s"ae! where the "ereived servie attributes were also #a""ed. Dlear

di*erenese#erged a#ong the airlines! with two of the# "ereived as being si#ilar to eahother! and the other two di*ering in #any as"ets.

assengers er#eption o+ Retention Strategies

 A'opte' b0 Do(esti# Airlines in Coi(batore Distri#t 

8b0 Mrs! H! -nitha 8 Assistant ro+essor< Dept! o+ 

Co((er#e CMS College o+ S#ien#e an' Co((er#e

?A-tono(o-s7 Coi(batore  .*"@*1< Ta(il Na'-< In'ia

an' Dr! N! Ta(il#hel/i 8 Asso#iate ro+essor an' 9ea'<

Dept! o+ Co((er#e T!S!A! Arts< S#ien#e an' Ta(il 

College< er-r< Coi(batore  .*"@@1< Ta(il Na'-< In'ia

?$@")7

Dusto#er retention is dened as the #ar(eting goal of "reventing usto#ers fro# going to the o#"etitor. Dusto#er retention is the way in whih

organizations fous their e*orts on e8isting usto#ers in an e*ort to ontinue doing business with the#. Airlines are realizing that retention strategies are the #agi bullet that hel"s the# to build stronger and #ore "rotable relationshi"s with the "assengers. :he study is arried out to nd out the e*et of retention strategies ado"ted by do#esti airlines in

Doi#batore distrit. A total of & res"ondents have been ta(en by a""lying non$"robable onveniene sa#"ling #ethod and ,ulti"le -egression is used to test the hy"otheses. indings of the study reveal that the "assengers

"ereived that the retention strategies ado"ted by the do#esti airlines are e*etive. atisfation is a #easure of how "roduts and servies su""lied by a o#"any #eet or sur"ass usto#er e8"etation. Dusto#er satisfation is what guarantees the future of airlines and it is ahievable by an ado"tion between their servie and "assenger needs. :he study has tried to nd out the level of satisfation on the servies o*ered by do#esti airlines

in Doi#batore distrit. :otal of 3 res"ondents have been ta(en by a""lying non$"robable onveniene sa#"ling #ethod and hi$sMuare test is used to test the hy"otheses. indings of the study reveal that the "assengers are fairly satised with the servies o*ered by do#esti airlines.

Ser/i#e -alit0 an' C-sto(er Satis+a#tion in the

 Airline In'-str0: A Co(parison bet&een Lega#0 

 Airlines an' Lo&8Cost Airlines 8 Da/i' M#! A Ba%er 

Depart(ent o+ Manage(ent< 9ar(on College o+ 

B-siness an' ro+essional St-'ies< 3ni/ersit0 o+ 

Central Misso-ri< Warrensb-rg< MO< 3SA!?$@")7

Page | 19

 :he "ur"ose of this study was to e8a#ine the servie Muality and usto#er satisfation of airlines between 2%$ 211 using data fro# the 7e"art#ent of :rans"ortation Air :ravel -e"orts. :he ob+etives of this study were to o#"are usto#er satisfation and servie Muality with res"et to airlines Muality di#ensions and subseMuently to deter#ine the relationshi"s between the di#ensions of servie Muality and "assengersQ satisfation on airlines servies. A ritial review of the literature revealed that the airline industry has been struggling with #any hallengesB utting osts! #anaging

0utuating de#and! (ee"ing u" with tight Muality reMuire#ents while trying to #aintain su"erior servies and satisfy the needs of various usto#er grou"s. 7ata were olleted fro# the 7e"art#ent of :rans"ortation<s Air  :ravel Donsu#er -e"ort on the following #easuresB "erentage of on$ti#e

arrival! "assengers denied boarding! #ishandled baggage and usto#er o#"laints.

C-sto(er Satis+a#tion 9eterogeneit0 an' 

Sharehol'er Hal-e8 Ra>'eep Gre&al8 ro+essor o+ 

Mar%eting an' Deans ;a#-lt0 ;ello& at the S(eal 

College o+ B-siness< enn State 3ni/ersit0<

3ni/ersit0 ar% A<Al%a H! Citrin8 Assistant 

ro+essor o+ Mar%eting at the D-ree S#hool o+ 

Manage(ent< Georgia Te#h< Atlanta< Georgia an' 

M-rali Chan'rashe%aran8 ro+essor o+ Mar%eting at 

the A-stralian S#hool o+ B-siness< 3ni/ersit0 o+ 

Ne& So-th Wales< S0'ne0< A-stralia!

In this artile researher has desribe the i#"ortane of

invest#ent. :hey have done a researh whih says that

shareholder value and the growth of o#"any de"ends u"on the

invest#ent done by the o#"any i.e. in whih setor or in whih

de"art#ent they has invested its #oney. In this researh they

have ado"ted the view that usto#er satisfation is (ey

#ar(et"lae asset! they have tested two on+eturesB a/

ob+etive servie Muality and advertising i#"at not only the level

of usto#er satisfation! but also the heterogeneity in this asset

get i#"ated! and b/ atisfation heterogeneity will derease the

utility of the satisfation asset in driving shareholder value! and

also in0uene the onte#"oraneous volatility in

shareholder value. :hey have done this researh using seondary

data fro# diverse soures desribing the dyna#is within the 6..

Airlines Industry over a 5 year "eriod fro# 155%$ 2&. :hey

o#e to onlusion that inreasing levels of satisfation

heterogeneity serve to redue the volatility in shareholder value.

;-0 Logi# Base' De#ision Ma%ing +or C-sto(er 

Lo0alt0 Anal0sis an' Relationship Manage(ent8

3(oh< 3! A! Depart(ent o+ Co(p-ter S#ien#e

3ni/ersit0 o+ 30o 30o< A%&a Ibo( State< Nigeria<

Isong< B! E! 8Depart(ent o+ Co(p-ter S#ien#e

 A%&a Ibo( State 3ni/ersit0 M%pat Enin< A%&a

Ibo( State< Nigeria ?$@"$7

 :he researher found that beause of i##ense o#"etition in todays business #ar(et! the organizations are struggling to a""ly di*erent

#ar(eting strategies and "rogra#s to gain #ore #ar(et share and aMuire #ore usto#ers on one hand and to #a(e the# satises and loyal to their o#"any! on the other hand. :herefore they an ensure long lasting

relationshi" with their usto#ers and reate barriers in front of usto#ers brand swith. A""liation of D-, as ontinuous #ar(eting "rogra# has gained great i#"ortane reently. :hough a""liation of D-, organizations gain (nowledge regarding their usto#ers and trans#it this (nowledge to o#"any o*er to fulll the needs of usto#ers and satisfy the#. Airlines e*ort to "rovide better loyalty "rogra#s and usto#ization of servie besides #a(ing relationshi" with the# an hel" to reate usto#er

satisfation as "rereMuisite of loyalty. A""liation of fuzzy logi tehniMue in

D-, is an e#erging trend in the industry. It is i#"ortant to #a(e evident the great "otential that fuzzy logi has to o*er! suh as an e*etive #ean for #anaging usto#er relationshi"s. uzzy =ogi Dontrollers an "rovide #ore e*etive ontrol of non$linear syste#s than linear ontrollers! as there is #ore 0e8ibility in designing the #a""ing fro# the in"ut to the out"ut s"ae. uzzy logi is a"able of resolving on0its by ollaboration! "ro"agation and aggregation and an #i#i hu#anli(e reasoning.

9istor0:

Air India was set u" by E.-.7. :ata! who ran it suessfully until it was

nationalized in15&3. In the 15s the Ru21&,ahara+aRu21! as the national 0ag$arrier was a*etionately (nown! was 0ying to 32 destinations it now 0ies to 4 destinations/ and #a(ing "rots. In reent years! however! this i#age of Divil Aviation has undergone a hange and aviation is now viewed in a di*erent light $ as an essential lin( not only for international travel and trade but also for "roviding onnetivity to di*erent "arts of the ountry. 6ntil less than a deade ago! all as"ets of aviation were r#ly ontrolled by the Fovern#ent. In the early fties! all airlines o"erating in the ountry were #erged into either Indian Airlines or Air India and! by virtue of the Air

Dor"orations At! 15&3 this #ono"oly was "er"etuated for the ne8t forty years. :he 7iretorate Feneral of Divil Aviation ontrolled every as"et of 0ying inluding granting 0ying lienses! "ilots! ertifying airrafts for 0ight and issuing all rules and "roedures governing Indian air"orts and airs"ae. inally! the Air"orts Authority of India was entrusted with the res"onsibility of 

#anaging all national and international air"orts and ad#inistering every as"et of air trans"ort o"eration through the Air tra; Dontrol.

Classi5#ation o+ In'ian A/iation In'-str0 

 :he "layers in aviation industry an be broadly ategorized in

three grou"sB

1/ Publi "layers 2/ Private "layers 3/ tart u" "layers

The (ar%et sie in $@".

7uring Eanuary$August 21! do#esti air "assenger tra; rose 23.14 "er ent to 4.4% #illion fro# &2.3 #illion during the sa#e "eriod in 21&. Passenger tra; during  21&$1 inreased at a rate of 21.3 "er ent to 9&.&% #illion fro# %.&4 #illion in the  214$1&.In Euly 21! total airraft #ove#ents at all Indian air"orts stood at 19!4! whih was 14.3 "er ent higher than Euly 21&. International airraft #ove#ents inreased by 9.2 "er ent to 32!93 in Euly 21 fro# 3!33 in Euly 21&. 7o#esti airraft

#ove#ents inreased by 1&.9 "er ent to 13&!&% in Euly 21 fro# 11%!& in Euly 21&.Indian do#esti air tra; is e8"eted to ross 1 #illion

"assengers by 21%! o#"ared to 91 #illion "assengers in 21&! as "er Dentre for Asia Pai Aviation DAPA/.India is a#ong the ve fastest$growing aviation #ar(ets globally with 2%& #illion new "assengers.

The Hario-s Airline Operators In In'ia:

In'igo:

I_ndigo _{is a low$ost airline headMuartered at Furgaon! India. It is} the largest airline in India in ter#s of "assengers arried! with a 35.9' #ar(et share as of Euly 21. :he airline o"erates to 41 destinations and is the seond largest low$ost arrier in Asia. It has its "ri#ary hub at Indira Fandhi International Air"ort! 7elhi :he airline bea#e the largest Indian arrier in ter#s of "assenger #ar(et share in 212. :he o#"any

went "ubli in Hove#ber 21&.

Spi#eet B is a low$ost airline headMuartered in Furgaon! India. It is

the fourth largest airline in the ountry by nu#ber of "assengers arried! with a #ar(et share of 13.1' as of ebruary 21. :he airline o"erates 3 daily 0ights to 41 destinations! inluding 3& Indian and  international

destinations fro# its hubs at 7elhi! Jol(ata and Gyderabad.

GoAir:_{is a low$ost arrier based in ,u#bai! India. It is owned by the Indian business}

onglo#erate Wadia Frou". As of ebruary 21! it is the fth largest airline in India with an 9' "assenger #ar(et share. It o##ened o"erations in Hove#ber 2& and o"erates a 0eet of Airbus A32 airraft in all eono#y ongurations. As of Hove#ber 21! the airline o"erates over 14 daily 0ights to 22 ities fro# its hubs

at ,u#bai and 7elhi.

Bl-e Dart A/iation is a argo airline based in Dhennai! India. It o"erates with its #ain base as Dhennai International Air"ort and servies % Indian ities. Fer#an ourier o#"any 7eutshe Post owns a %' sta(e in the airline through its subsidiary Klue 7art )8"ress. It "rovides servie in 22 "lus ountries and territories all over the world through their "arent o#"any 7G=.

 Air In'ia is the 0ag arrier airline of India and the third$largest airline in India in ter#s of "assengers arried! after IndiFo and Eet Airways. It is owned by Air India =i#ited! a Fovern#ent of India enter"rise! and o"erates a 0eet of Airbus and Koeing airraft serving 9& do#esti and international

destinations. It is headMuartered in Hew 7elhi. Air India has its #ain hub at Indira Fandhi International Air"ort! Hew 7elhi and a seondary hub at Dhhatra"ati hiva+i International Air"ort! ,u#bai.

 et Air&a0s is an airline based in ,u#bai! India. As of ebruary 21! it is the seond largest airline in India after IndiFo with a 21.2' "assenger

#ar(et share. It o"erates over 3 0ights daily to 9 destinations worldwide fro# its #ain hub at Dhhatra"ati hiva+i International Air"ort and seondary hubs at A#sterda# Air"ort hi"hol! Dhennai International Air"ort! Indira Fandhi International Air"ort! Je#"egowda International Air"ort and Heta+i ubhas Dhandra Kose International Air"ort

Vistara _{:The Tata SIA Airlines Limited, is an Indian domestic airline based in Gurgaon with its hub}

at Delhi-Indira Gandhi International Airport. The carrier, a joint enture between Tata

Sons and Singapore Airlines, commenced operations on ! "anuar# $%&' with its inaugural (light between Delhi and )umbai. The airline had carried more than two million passengers b# "une $%&*+$ _{and as o( April $%&*, has a $. share o( the domestic carrier mar/et. The airline operates to}

eighteen destinations with a (leet o( Airbus A$%-$%% aircra(t. 0istara was the (irst airline to introduce premium econom# seats on domestic routes in India.

 Air Costa _{is an airline head1uartered at 0ija#awada, India. It is owned b# Indian business compan#}

L23L Group and has a %.4 mar/et share in the Indian domestic airline mar/et as o( 5ebruar#

$%&*. The airline commenced operations as a regional airline in 6ctober $%& using two 2mbraer 2-&7% aircra(t with the (irst (light ta/ing o(( (rom its hub at 8hennai on &* 6ctober $%&. The airline got a permit (or pan India operations in 6ctober $%&* .

FLEET STATISTICS OF SCHEDULED INDIAN OPERATORS AS ON ?13' MARCH 2015.

Investment 

 According to data released b# the Department o( Industrial 3olic# and 3romotion

9DI33, 5DI in(lows in air transport 9including air (reight between April $%%% and )arch $%&* stood at ;S< !&.%' million.

=e# inestments and deelopments in India>s aiation industr# include:

• Airbus A has signed an agree#ent with Jarnata(a$based AeMus

Aeros"ae! an airraft o#"onent #a(er! for the su""ly of over

1! titaniu# #ahined "arts for its A32 new engine o"tion H)O/ airraft.

• Koeing Do#"any! an A#erian "lane #a(er! and :ata Advaned

yste#s =td :A=/! a fully owned subsidiary of :ata ons! have entered into a +oint venture to set u" a new faility in Gyderabad to #anufature Koeing AG$4 A"ahe helio"ter fuselages.

• FoAir! India<s fth$biggest arrier by "assengers travelled! has signed a

#e#orandu# of understanding ,o6/ with Airbus to buy %2 A32neo airrafts! valued at 6C %.% billion! as "art of an e8"ansion drive.

• =o(heed ,artin Dor"oration "lans to #a(e India a #anufaturing base

for its $1L ghter +ets! D$13E u"er Gerules #ilitary trans"ort "lanes and helio"ters.

• Auto o#"onents #a(er Kharat orge =td K=/! the 0agshi" o#"any

of the 6C 3 billion Jalyani Frou"! has for#alized agree#ent with -olls$-oye Pl! under whih K= will su""ly ritial and high integrity forged and #ahined o#"onents for a range of aero engines.

•  :he ,inistry of Divil Aviation has signed ,e#orandu# of

6nderstanding ,o6/ with inland! Jaza(hstan! Jenya! weden! Horway! 7en#ar(! O#an and )thio"ia for inreased o$o"eration between the ountries in ter#s of additional seats! sharing of airlines odes! inreased freMuenies and additional "oints of  all! during the International Divil Aviation Hegotiations IDAH/!21& held in Antalya!  :ur(ey.

•  :ata Advaned yste#s :A=/ has signed a +oint venture with

A#erian airraft #anufaturing #a+or! Koeing! to establish a entre of  e8ellene for #anufaturing aero strutures for A"ahe helio"ter

initially and ollaborate on integrated syste#s develo"#ent o""ortunities in India in the long ter#.

• 6$based airraft #anufaturer Koeing "lans to asse#ble one of its

two helio"ters na#ely! Dhinoo( heavy$lift/ or A"ahe atta( ty"e/ in India! thus beo#ing yet another global o#"any to invest in India enouraged by the S,a(e in India a#"aign.

• Airbus! leading )uro"ean airraft #anufaturer! "lans to invest 6C 4

#illion to set u" a "ilot and #aintenane training enter in Hew 7elhi! whih will be o"erational by the end of 21%.

• Airbus also e8"ets Indias aviation industry to grow at over 1 "er

ent annually in the ne8t deade! al#ost double the average growth rate of the global aviation industry.

Government Initiatives

Fovern#ent agenies "ro+et that around & Krowneld and Freeneld air"orts would be reMuired by 22. :he "rivate setor is being enouraged to beo#e atively involved in the onstrution of air"orts through di*erent Publi Private Partnershi" #odels! with substantial state su""ort in ter#s of naning! onessional land allot#ent! ta8 holidays and other inentives. In the 6nion Kudget 21$1%! the govern#ent introdued various "ro"osals for ,aintenane! -e"air and Overhaul ,-O/ o"erations for air"lanes. :hese inlude usto#s and e8ise duty e8e#"tion for tools and tool$(its used in ,-O wor(s. :he govern#ent has also sra""ed the one$year restrition for utilization of duty free "arts a"art fro# allowing i#"ort of unservieable "arts by ,-Os for "roviding e8hange. As "er revised nor#s! the foreign airraft brought in to India for ,-O wor( would now be "er#itted to stay u" to si8 #onths or as e8tended by aviation regulator 7iretorate Feneral of Divil Aviation 7FDA/. uh foreign airraft would also be heneforth

"er#itted to arry "assengers in the 0ights at the start and end of its "eriod of stay in India.

o#e #a+or initiatives underta(en by the govern#ent areB

•  :he ,inistry of Divil Aviation has nalized and "ut forward for a""roval

to the 6nion Dabinet! the new aviation "oliy! whih inludes "ro"osals suh as allowing new airlines to 0y abroad! introdution of #ore

regional 0ights and a new for#ula for granting bilateral 0ying rights.

•  :he Indian "ae -esearh Organization I-O/ has signed a

#e#orandu# of understanding ,o6/ with the Air"orts Authority of India AAI/! ai#ed at "roviding s"ae tehnology for onstrution of air"orts.

•  :he Fovern#ent of India is "lanning to boost regional onnetivity by

setting u" & new air"orts over the ne8t three years! out of whih at least 1 would be o"erational by 21%.

• Air"orts Authority of India AAI/ "lans to develo" ity$side

infrastruture at 13 regional air"orts aross India! with hel" fro#

"rivate "layers for building of hotels! ar"ar(s and other failities! and thereby boost its non$aeronautial revenues.

• 7iretorate Feneral of Divil Aviation 7FDA/! India<s aviation regulator!

has signed an agree#ent with 6nited tates :ehnial 7evelo"#ent Ageny 6:7A/ for India Aviation afety :ehnial Assistane Phase II! ai#ed at bringing in syste#i i#"rove#ents in the area of o"eration! airworthiness and liensing.

•  :he Fovern#ent of India has given site learane to 7elhi ,u#bai

Industrial Dorridor and 7evelo"#ent Dor"oration 7,ID7D/ for setting u" of a Freeneld Air"ort for "ubli use near Khiwadi in Alwar distrit of -a+asthan and has granted <in$"rini"le< a""roval to 13 other

Freeneld air"ort "ro+ets.

•  :he Air"orts Authority of India AAI/ "lans to revive and o"erationalise

around & air"orts in India over the ne8t 1 years to i#"rove regional and re#ote air onnetivity.

• Fu+arat is e8"eted to get a seond international air"ort at 7holera.

 :he state govern#ent has for#ed 7holera International Air"ort Do. =td. and is obtaining a""rovals fro# the union govern#ent.

•  :he 7iretorate Feneral of Divil Aviation 7FDA/ has given its a""roval

to Air Indias #aintenane! re"air and overhaul ,-O/ unit.

•  :he Fovern#ent of India has deided to award air"orts in Jol(ata!

Dhennai! Eai"ur and Ah#edabad on #anage#ent ontrat. AAI has issued the S-eMuest for Tualiation dou#ent for these four air"orts.

A,&*&'3 ,- I-!,% %3 *- ?1

3'

%&#( 2016.

Ma>or pri/ate pla0ers in the a/iation se#tor!

Ma>or +oreign pla0ers in the a/iation se#tor!

S-##ess+-l p-bli# pri/ate partnership in the

a/iation se#tor!

The Hario-s Agen#ies In/ol/e' In the A/iation

Se#tor:

Ministr0 o+ #i/il a/iation!

=oated at -a+iv Fandhi Khavan at the afdar+ung Air"ort in Hew 7elhi! the ,inistry of Divil Aviation is res"onsible for for#ulation of national "oliies and "rogra##ers for the develo"#ent and regulation of the Divil Aviation setor in the ountry. It is res"onsible for the ad#inistration of the Airraft At!

1534! Airraft -ules! 153% and various other legislations "ertaining to the aviation setor in the ountry. :his ,inistry e8erises ad#inistrative ontrol over attahed and autono#ous organizations li(e the 7iretorate Feneral of Divil Aviation! Kureau of Divil Aviation eurity and Indira Fandhi -ashtriya 6dan Aade#y and a;liated Publi etor 6nderta(ings li(e Hational

Aviation Do#"any of India =i#ited! Air"orts Authority of India and Pawan Gans Gelio"ters =i#ited and the Do##ission of -ailway afety.

Dire#torate General o+ Ci/il A/iation8 DGCA

 :he 7iretorate Feneral of Divil Aviation 7FDA/ is the regulatory body in the eld of Divil Aviation! "ri#arily dealing with safety issues. It is res"onsible for regulation of air trans"ort servies tofro#within India and for enfore#ent of ivil air regulations! air safety! and airworthiness standards. :he 7FDA also o$ordinates all regulatory funtions with the International Divil Aviation Organization IDAO/.

B-rea- o+ Ci/il A/iation Se#-rit0 8 BCAS

 :he Kureau of Divil Aviation eurity KDA/ was initially set u" as a Dell in the 7FDA in Eanuary 15%9 on the reo##endation of the Pande Do##ittee.  :he KDA was reorganized into an inde"endent de"art#ent under the

,inistry of Divil Aviation on 1st A"ril! 159%. :he #ain res"onsibilities of KDA inlude laying down standards and #easures with res"et to seurity of ivil 0ights at international and do#esti air"orts in India..

Do##ission of -ailway afety $ D-

 :he Do##ission of -ailway afety D-/ ! wor(ing under the ad#inistrative ontrol of the ,inistry of Divil Aviation of the Fovern#ent of India! deals with #atters "ertaining to safety of rail travel and train o"eration and is harged with ertain statutory funtions as laid down in the -ailways At 1595/! whih are of an ins"etorial! investigatory > advisory nature. :he

Do##ission funtions aording to ertain rules viz. statutory investigation into aidents rules fra#ed under the -ailways At and e8eutive

instrutions issued fro# ti#e to ti#e.

 Air In'ia Lt' 

Air India =td. was inor"orated under the Do#"anies At 15& on 3 ,arh 2% and is owned by the Fovern#ent of India. :he Do#"any was reated to

failitate the #erger of the two #ain state$owned airlines in IndiaB Air India! with its subsidiary Air$India )8"ress and Indian Airlines! together with its subsidiary Alliane Air.

 Airports A-thorit0 o+ In'ia 8 AAI

 :he Air"orts Authority of India AAI/ was for#ed on 1st A"ril 155& by #erging the International Air"orts Authority of India and the Hational Air"orts Authority with a view to aelerate the integrated develo"#ent! e8"ansion! and #odernization of the o"erational! ter#inal and argo failities at the air"orts in the ountry onfor#ing to international standards.

a&an 9ans 9eli#opters Lt'! 8 99L

 :he Pawan Gans Gelio"ters =td. PGG=/ is one of the leading helio"ter o#"anies in India and is (nown for its reliable helio"ter o"erations. Its ob+etive is to "rovide helio"ter su""ort servies to the Oil etor for its o*$ shore e8"loration o"erations! servies in re#ote and hilly areas as well as harter servies for "ro#otion of travel and touris#. :he -egistered O;e of  the Do#"any is loated at Hew 7elhi and its -egional o;es are at ,u#bai and Hew 7elhi. PGG= is the rst IO 51B 2 ertied Aviation Do#"any in India. Pawan Gans has "layed a vital role in the growth story of the

Gelio"ter Industry in India.

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Indian Oil is India<s rst IO$52 ertied oil o#"any onfor#ing to stringent global Muality reMuire#ents of aviation fuel storage > handling. Indian Oil Aviation also aters to the fuel reMuire#ents of the Indian 7efense ervies! besides refueling LLIP 0ights at all the air"orts and re#ote heli$ "ads heli$bases aross the Indian subontinent.IndianOil Aviation ervie is a leading aviation fuel solution "rovider in India and the #ost$"referred

su""lier of +et fuel to #a+or international and do#esti airlines. Ketween one sunrise and the ne8t! Indian Oil Aviation ervie refuels over 1& 0ights fro# the bustling #etros to the re#ote air"orts lin(ing the vast Indian landsa"e! fro# the iy heights of =eh the highest air"ort in the world at 1!92 ft/ to the distant islands of Anda#an > Hiobar.

N%',*-%$ C,7,$ A7,%',*- P*$,# 2016

 :he ,inister of Divil Aviation hri P. Asho( Fa+a"athi -a+u released the Hational Divil Aviation Poliy 21 in Hew 7elhi today. :his is the rst ti#e sine inde"endene that an integrated Divil Aviation Poliy has

been brought out by the ,inistry. "ea(ing on the oasion hri -a+u said that the entre$"iee of the "oliy is to #a(e regional air onnetivity a reality. Ge said that the "oliy ai#s to ta(e 0ying to the #asses by

#a(ing it a*ordable and onvenient! establish an integrated eo$syste# whih will lead to signiant growth of the ivil aviation setor to

"ro#ote touris#! e#"loy#ent and balaned regional growth! enhane regional onnetivity through sal su""ort and infrastruture

develo"#ent and enhane ease of doing business through deregulation! si#"lied "roedures and e$governane.

DGCA APPROVED FLYING TRAINING ORGANISATIONS AS ON 10'( AUGUST 2016.