CCTV Training Workbook Final

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CCTV & Access Control System - Training Workbook Issue 2.0

Every effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this document is true and correct at the time of going to press. However, the networks, systems, products, processes, specifications and content in general described in this document are subject to continuous development and Olive Group is entitled to change them at any time and to expand on them. Olive Group cannot accept liability for any loss or damage of any nature whatsoever arising or resulting from the use of or reliance on information

or particulars in this document. All names and other data used in examples are fictitious.

The information contained in this document is of a general nature. Should you require further advice for your particular business requirements, please refer to the contact details below.

CCTV & Access Control System

Training Course

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Introduction

...

4

Aim of the Workbook...4

Course Objectives...4

Course Aims...4

Course Performance Objective...5

Course Performance Conditions...5

Training Methods...5

Training and Demonstration...5

Lesson Exercises...5

Course Audience...6

Evaluation criteria...6

Chapter 1

The Purpose of a CCTV & Access Control Training

...

8

Security Awareness Training

...

13

Crime Awareness Training

...

19

Threat Awareness Training

...

26

Overview of CCTV System

...

37

Chapter 2

The Evolution of CCTV System ... 46

Getting Started ... 49

Components ... 49

DVR SYSTEM SURFACE OVERVIEW... 49

System Operation... 51

Chapter 3

IP based CCTV Systems

...

60

Introduction to Video Management Software ... 67

Aimetis Symphony Video Analytics... 74

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Chapter 4

Introduction to Access Control System………….………94

Types of Access Control Systems ………..98

Access Control Technologies………..104

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Introduction

Aim of the Workbook

This workbook is designed for use in conjunction with the CCTV System Operator training course. The course is structured so that the facilitator presents all modules using slides. Where relevant and possible, the participants then have the opportunity to complete exercises to consolidate their learning. A training environment has been set up with training data provided, allowing participants to practice in a safe environment.

The aim of the workbook is to be a working document, reinforcing the information presented by the facilitator. Each participant will have a copy of this workbook, which can be taken away and can be referred to at a later date. It is not designed to provide a detailed explanation of all aspects of a technology or application, moreover a working document where each delegate can make their own notes.

Course Objectives

By the end of this course, you will be able to:

Explain the purpose of a CCTV & Access control system.

Identify features and functions of a CCTV & Access control system. Develop effective monitoring, camera patrolling and control skills. Be able to identify suspicious activities and behaviors.

Understand recorded footage formats, retrieval and archiving of images and storage of recordings for evidence

Describe codes of practice and policies relating to the role of a CCTV operator & technician.

Understand Health and Safety within a CCTV operational environment and be able to identify potential Safety hazards through camera views.

Be fully versed in the day-to-day responsibilities for an operative of a CCTV & Access control system.

Course Aims

To introduce security personnel to CCTV & Access control System. To understand why we use CCTV & Access control System. To understand what makes up a System and where it is used. To understand how CCTV & Access control works.

To develop threat awareness.

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Course Performance Objective

At the end of this course, you will have been provided with comprehensive training to use CCTV & Access control system competently to assist operations and security personnel as well as local authorities in the management and response to an incident or emergency situation.

You will take part in Group activities, Group discussions, paper-based quizzes, practical based exercises and assignments on how to use the capabilities of CCTV & Access control equipment, which will provide you with an opportunity to practice and review the information presented in the course.

Course Performance Conditions

To successfully complete the stated performance goal, you will have access to: Assistance from Trainer

Training Workbook Demos and exercises Practical-Lab environment Training Workbook Training Manual

Training Methods

During the course of this training, different training approaches will be used. In this course an emphasis is placed on explaining fundamental concepts and demonstrating different system functions which are pertinent to your job.

Training and Demonstration

This course has time allotted for training, demonstrations, activities, exercises and case studies. Care will be taken to maintain your active involvement. Straight lecturing will be kept to a minimum. Some of the exercises in this course involve case studies with instructor-led walkthroughs. They allow you to become familiar with the course content and other source material made available to you during the lesson. Demonstrations will precede individual practice.

We will solicit information from you to facilitate discovery and verify your grasp of the information already presented. You will be encouraged to make notes to summarize the process and take down references.

Lesson Exercises

Exercises will be used to simulate task sequences which combine functions already taught with the new function just demonstrated. You will use CCTV & Access Control Student Unit and case studies to practice scenarios which allow you to gain knowledge of how to use the system.

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Course Audience

This course is exclusively designed for the Access Control & CCTV System Operator & Technician responsibility.

Evaluation criteria

You will be evaluated on a regular basis to check your understanding of the topics covered. A Written quiz/Practical assessment will be taken at the beginning of each day, and its scores will be added up into the final assessment

Here are the parameters for Course Evaluation

Activity Weightage 1. Quizzes/Practical Assessments 20% 2. Class Participation 20% 3. Assignments 10% 4. Final Assessment 50% Total 100%

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Chapter 1 I

n this chapter you will learn about:

• The purpose of CCTV & Access Control training

• Security Awareness

• Crime Awareness

• Threat Awareness

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The Purpose of CCTV & Access Control Training

Mission of the CCTV & Access Control capability

To, in conjunction with other organisations and departments, notify, activate, deploy and/or employ resources in response to the threat of an event.

The vision of the CCTV & Access Control capability

Employed for the prevention of crimes, as aid in investigations. For facilities maintenance support.

CCTV & Access Control operators are regarded as highly knowledgeable regarding their use of the system.

They are extremely familiar with the system layout and operations.

They continually contribute to identify system weaknesses & make suggestions for improvement. The CCTV capability is viewed by all stakeholders as an integral part of infrastructure management.

Objectives

This capability is deployed to: 1. Restricted Crime 2. ……… 3. ……… 4. ……… 5. ……… 6. ……… 7. ……… 8. ……… 9. ………

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Group Discussion

Where do we Use CCTV?

Usages of CCTV

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Why do we use CCTV?

Deterrent To protect area/building ……… ……… ………

What are we searching for?

1. IED’s (Bombs) 2. ……… 3. ……… 4. ……… 5. ……… 6. ……… 7. ……… 8. ……… 9. ……… 10. ………

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What are the areas we are searching?

Approaches and driveways

……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ………

Group Discussion

How the criminals operate?

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Security Awareness – Overview

Criminals tend to follow a set pattern prior to action: 1. Information gathering 2. ……… 3. ……… 4. ……… 5. ……… 6. ……… 7. ……… 8. ………

Recap

Things to Remember!

1. ……… 2. ……… 3. ……… 4. ……… 5. ……… 6. ……… 7. ……… 8. ……… 9. ……… 10. ……… 11. ……… 12. ………

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Security Awareness Training

Aspects of Security

Security consists of 3 important aspects

1. ……… 2. ……… 3. ………

1. ... Security

Notes:

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2. ... Security

Notes:

3. ... Security

Notes:

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Four Pillars of Security

1. DETER 2. ………... 3. ……… 4. ………

1. DETER

Notes:

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2. DETECT

Notes:

3. ………..

Notes:

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4. ………..

Notes:

State of the art security

The best technology will not give you security without the correct

implementation of the four pillars of security!

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RECAP

Things to Remember!

1. ……… 2. ……… 3. ……… 4. ……… 5. ……… 6. ……… 7. ……… 8. ……… 9. ……… 10. ……… 11. ……… 12. ………

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Crime Awareness Training

We live in a world where there is sadly a growing culture of petty

crime!

Team Exercise

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The 5 “A”s

1. APPRECIATE 2. ASSESS 3. ……… 4. ……… 5. ………...

1. Appreciate the threat

Notes:

Opportunity theft

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Small scale theft

Notes:

Large scale robbery

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Coercion

Notes:

Compliance

Notes:

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2. Assess your weaknesses

Notes:

3. ………..

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Warning indicators

Notes:

4. ………

Notes:

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5. ………

Notes:

RECAP

Things to Remember!

1. ……… 2. ……… 3. ……… 4. ……… 5. ……… 6. ……… 7. ……… 8. ……… 9. ……… 10. ……… 11. ……… 12. ………

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Threat Awareness Training

Threat Awareness – What is it?

The goal of this training is to increase your awareness and combat complacency.

Goals:

1. ……… 2. ……… 3. ……… 4. ……… 5. ……… 6. ……… 7. ……… 8. ………

What are the threats?

1. Theft and shoplifting

……… ……… ……… ……… ………

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Robbery

Notes:

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4. Terrorism

Notes:

What does an IED look like?

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What does an IED look like?

Notes:

5. Fire

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6. Waterway Issues

Notes:

7. Traffic

Notes:

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Threat Awareness – Principles

Effective use of the following principles should ensure you have a

good awareness of the threats that face your location

1. Observation 2. ………. 3. ………

1. Observation

Body Language Shapes of Clothing Dress Sense Accessories

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Group Exercise

Body Language

Understanding behaviour pattern recognition

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Body Language

Notes:

Shape of Clothing

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Dress Sense

Notes:

Accessories

Notes:

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2. ………..

Notes:

Groups and Gangs

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3. ……….

Notes:

RECAP

Things to Remember!

1. ……… 2. ……… 3. ……… 4. ……… 5. ……… 6. ……… 7. ……… 8. ……… 9. ……… 10. ……… 11. ……… 12. ………

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Overview of CCTV System

What makes up a CCTV system?

Notes:

How CCTV Works

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Components of CCTV System

Notes:

Types of Cameras

1. Fixed Cameras 2. ………. 3. ………. 4. ……….

1. Fixed Cameras

Notes:

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2. ………..

Notes:

3. ………

Notes:

4. ………

Notes:

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Camera Specifications

Notes: Analogue or Digital

Resolution

Notes:

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Lenses

There are two main lens mount standards 1. C-mount Lens 2.

………

1. C-Mount Lens Notes:

2. ………..

Notes:

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Types of Lenses

Notes: Fixed lens Notes: Fixed Lens

Keyboard

Notes:

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Control Panel

Notes:

Monitor

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RECAP

Things to Remember!

1. ……… 2. ……… 3. ……… 4. ……… 5. ……… 6. ……… 7. ……… 8. ……… 9. ……… 10. ……… 11. ……… 12. ………

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Chapter 2 I

n this chapter you will learn about:

• The Evolution of CCTV system

• Analogue CCTV system with DVR

• DVR surface overview

• System Operations

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The Evolution of CCTV System

CCTV systems began as 100% analogue system and have gradually evolved into modern digitized systems. Today’s CCTV systems have evolved a great deal since the early analogue tube cameras connected to a Video Cassette Recorder (VCR). They now use network cameras and PC servers for video recording in a fully digitized system. However, in between the fully analogue and the fully digital systems, there are a number of solutions which are partially digital; these solutions include a number of digital components but do not represent fully digital systems.

An analogue CCTV system using a VCR represents a fully analogue system consisting of analogue cameras with coax output, connected to the VCR for recording. The VCR uses the same type of cassettes as the ordinary old home VCR. The video is not compressed, and if recording at full frame rate, one tape lasts a maximum of 8 hours. In larger systems, a quad or multiplexer can be connected in between the camera and the VCR. The quad/multiplexer makes it possible to record several cameras to one VCR, but at the cost of a lower frame rate. To monitor the video, an analogue monitor is used.

An analogue CCTV system using a DVR is an analogue system with digital recording. In a DVR, the videotape is replaced with hard drives for the video recording, which requires the video to be digitized and compressed in order to store as many day’s worth of video as possible. With early DVR’s, hard disk space was limited – so recording duration was limited, or a lower frame rate had to be used. Recent development of hard disks means space is no longer a major problem. Most DVR’s have several video inputs, typically 4, 9, or 16, which means they also include the functionality of the quad and multiplexers.

VCR

Analogue

Camera Analogue Monitor

Quad/ Multiplexer Coax Cable

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The DVR system adds the following advantages: No need to change tapes

Consistent image quality

An analogue CCTV system using a network DVR is a partly digital system which includes a network DVR equipped with an Ethernet port for network connectivity. Since the video is digitized and compressed in the DVR, it can be transported over a computer network to be monitored on a PC in a remote location. Some systems can monitor both live and recorded video, while some can only monitor recorded. Furthermore, some systems require a special Windows client to monitor the video, while others use a standard web browser; the latter making the remote monitoring more flexible.

The network DVR system adds the following advantages: Remote monitoring of video via a PC

Remote operation of the system

A network video system using video servers includes a video server, a network switch and a PC with video management software. The analogue camera connects to the video server, which digitizes and compresses the video. The video server then connects to a network and transports the video via a network switch to a PC, where it is stored on hard disks. This is a true network video system.

A network video system using video servers adds the following advantages:

Use of standard network and PC server hardware for video recording and management. The system is scalable in steps of one camera at a time.

Off-site recording is possible.

It is future-proof since the system can easily be expanded by incorporating network cameras.

Analogue Camera DVR Monitor Analogue Camera DVR Coax Cable PC Coax Cable Network Switch

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A network camera combines a camera and computer in one unit, which includes the digitization and compression of the video, as well as a network connector. The video is transported over an IP-based network, via network switches, and recorded to a standard PC with video management software. This represents a true network video system, and is also a fully digital system, where no analog components are used.

A network video system using network cameras adds the following advantages: High resolution cameras (mega pixel).

Consistent image quality.

Power over Ethernet and wireless functionality.

Pan/tilt/zoom, audio, digital inputs and outputs over IP along with video Full flexibility and scalability.

Analogue Camera Video Server Network Switch PC with Video Management Software LAN LAN/ _Internet

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1 Getting Started

This chapter provides information on how to get started witha standalone “Analogue CCTV System with DVR”

1.1 Components

Analogue Camera Lens

Digital Video Recorder (DVR) Coaxial Cable

BNC Connector Monitor

1.2 DVR SYSTEM SURFACE OVERVIEW

1.2.1 Front

USB PORT - Port for USB devices, for mouse and backup POWER - Turn on power of system

DISPLAY - Shift display mode between split and full mode SEARCH - Enter to search more

MENU -Enter to system configuration menu

NAVIGATION KEY -Use for navigating on menu or control PTZ

1.2.2 Rear

Video Input

Connect the coaxial cables from the video sources to the BNC video in Connector

Monitor Out

Connect AV monitor for main system OSD

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Audio In/ Out

Connect Mic to Input / Connect Speaker to Output

Video Out

Provide for RGB monitor output

Alarm in/ Relay/ RS-485

Alarm in: Connect Sensor devices RELAY: Connect Relay device for Alarm out

RS-485: Connect PTZ camera or Keyboard controller.

PS/2

Connect PS/2 type mouse

Network

Connect RJ-45 for local network or Internet

DC-12V

Connect Power Source from Power Adapter

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1.3 System Operation

1.3.1 Split Screen & Full Screen Mode

To display the entire Image window in full-screen mode:

Double click the mouse button to change between Split screen and Full screen mode.

1.3.2 Sequence Mode

With sequence mode, a group of cameras are displayed one after the other.

To start a sequence mode:

Click the right mouse button on the Live Display screen and Click the SEQUENCE TAB

You can configure the dwell time for these sequences in the SYSTEM SETUP >>> DISPLAY TAB

Under the following conditions, a sequence is not being displayed:

Video loss

Connection to the camera lost Camera not configured

1.3.3 Manual Recording

Panic recording will override all standard recording settings to provide, by default, continuous recording on all channels.

To Start Manual recording mode:

Click the right mouse button on the Live Display screen and Press the REC START button. The top right of the display will show a red square with P to indicate that the DVR is in panic recording mode.

To Stop Manual recording mode:

Click the right mouse button on the Live Display screen and Press the REC STOP button to return to normal recording mode.

1.3.4 System Setup

To Access the System Setup:

Click the right mouse button on the Live Display screen and Click the SYSTEMSETUP menu

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1.3.4.1 Display

The DISPLAY menu tab contains two sub menus. The first tab is OSD (On Screen Display) and the second is MONITOR

OSD

STATUS BAR: Turns the status bar ON or OFF at the bottom of the live display.

CAMERA TITLE: Determines whether the camera title is displayed.

EVENT ICON: Determines whether the DVR recording status is shown at the top right of each channel display window.

BORDER: Determines whether there is a border around each channel in multi screen display mode.

MOTION SENSOR DISPLAY: If false motion recording is occurring, the operator can use this feature to determine and rectify the cause in real-time.

MOTION COLOR: The color of the blocks displayed when MOTION SENSOR DISPLAY

LANGUAGE: Provides multi language feature. Monitor

SEQUENCE DWELL: The time that each screen is displayed in a sequence operation.

ALARM POP-UP MODE: When set to ON, an alarm input will cause the associated channel to display full screen.

ALARM POP-UP DWELL: Determines how long the full screen popup is displayed after an alarm input. If the alarm condition continues, the popup screen is displayed constantly.

MOTION POP-UP MODE: When set to ON, motion detection will cause the associated channel to display full screen.

MOTION POP-UP DWELL: Determines how long the full screen popup is displayed after motion detection. If motion continues, the popup screen is displayed constantly.

1.3.4.2 Camera

The CAMERA menu tab contains four sub menus. The first tab is CAMERA TITLE, the second tab is

COLOR SETUP, the third is PTZ SETUP and the last tab is MOTION SENSOR.

Camera Title

COVERT: This option is used to hide the video feed of a camera. When set to ON, the camera video is not displayed in live display but the video continues to be recorded.

TITLE: This option is used to change the camera name. For each camera, a title of up to 11 characters can be set using the virtual keyboard.

Color Setup

Click the COLOR SETUP menu and click the value on the BRIGHTNESS, CONTRAST, TINT and COLOR menu.

Brightness, contrast, tint and color can be adjusted for each individual channel. Highlight which channel to modify and press ENTER.

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Motion Sensor

Click the MOTION SENSOR menu and click the value on the SENSITIVITY menu.

SENSITIVITY: Between 1 (Lowest) and 10 (Highest) and determines the degree of motion required before recording is activated.

AREA SETUP: Choosing this option allows the operator to define which areas of the image are monitored for motion detection.

1.3.4.3 Sound

The SOUND menu tab contains two sub menus. The first tab is AUDIO andthe second tab is BUZZER.

1.3.4.4 Audio

LIVE AUDIO: When set to ON, the selected audio channel can be monitored on the AUDIO OUTPUT.

AUDIO MONITORING CHANNEL: Specify which one of the 4 AUDIO INPUTS is routed to the AUDIO OUTPUT.

NETWORK AUDIO TX: When set to ON, live and playback audio is transmitted to a remote PC connection.

NETWORK AUDIO RX: When set to ON, allows a remote PC connection to send audio back to the DVR.

1.3.4.5 Buzzer

KEYPAD: When set to ON, each front panel button press is confirmed by a beep.

IR REMOTE: When set to ON, each command received from the IR remote is confirmed by a beep.

1.3.4.6 System Date/Time

DATE TIME: Allows the operator to set or modify the current date & time.

DATE FORMAT: Determines how the date is displayed.

TIME FORMAT: Determines how the time is displayed.

NETWORK TIME SERVER SETUP: If the DVR is connected to the Internet, the time and date can be accurately set by selecting SYNC and pressing ENTER.

TIME ZONE SETUP: should be set according to the region that the DVR is used in. Network

DHCP: When enabled, the DVR will obtain an IP address automatically if connected to a DHCP server or router.

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used if a broadband connection does not have a static IP address.

WEB SERVICE: When enabled, allows remote connections using Internet Explorer or other web browsers.

IP ADDRESS: If DHCP is not being used, the IP address can be manually set.

GATEWAY: If DHCP is not being used, the gateway IP address can be manually set.

SUBNET MASK: If DHCP is not being used, the subnet mask can be manually set.

1ST DNS SERVER: If DHCP is not being used, the first DNS server can be manually set.

2ND DNS SERVER: If DHCP is not being used, the second DNS server can be manually set.

DDNS SERVER: If DDNS is enabled, the host DDNS server is specified here.

NET CLIENT PORT: The port number that the DVR uses to support remote connection from the client software.

WEB SERVER PORT: The port number that the DVR uses to support remote connection from Internet Explorer or other web browsers.

MAX TX SPEED: Specifies the maximum bandwidth that the DVR can use during a remote connection

Mail

DEFAUT SERVER: Use default mail server for sending email notification.

SERVER: The SMTP outbound email server that should be used to send email notifications.

PORT: The outbound email port number.

SECURITY: Set to OFF if the SERVER does not require a username and password to connect.

USER: Enter a username to identify the DVR in email messages.

PASSWORD: If SECURITY is set to ON, enter the password here.

TEST E-MAIL: Send a test email to registered users. User Management

Click the USER MANAGEMENT menu and double click the ADMIN on the GROUP menu.

By default, the DVR is configured with a user ID of ADMIN, belonging to the ADMIN group and with a password of 1234.

As well as the ability to add new users, existing user details can be modified. To modify user details, highlight the user with the cursor then double click. 4.5 SYSTEM MANAGEMENT

Click the SYSTEM MANAGEMENT menu.

And click the PRESS menu for FW Upgrade, Factory Default and System Data. Click PRESS button on SYSTEM INFORMATION.

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IP ADDRESS: Shows either the manual IP address entered in NETWORK setup or the IP address assigned by a DHCP server if enabled.

MAC ADDRESS: Shows the MAC (Media Access Control) address of the DVR. It is unique – no other network device has this MAC address.

DISK CAPACITY: The first value shows the amount of hard drive capacity used by recorded footage, the second value shows the total hard drive capacity installed.

F/W version: Shows the firmware version of the DVR.

H/W version: Shows the hardware version of the DVR.

VIDEO SIGNAL TYPE: The DVR automatically switches between PAL and NTSC depending on the channel 1 input signal at power on.

SYSTEM NAME: A system name of up to 10 characters can be defined. It is used so that notification emails can be identified.

F/W UPDATE: Firmware updates may be released periodically to enhance system performance and add extra features. The operator can upgrade the firmware using a USB memory stick.

FACTORY DEFAULT: If settings have been changed which cause erratic behavior, the factory default settings can be loaded.

SYSTEM DATA: System settings can be saved to a USB memory stick. The settings can be reloaded in case of accidental factory reset or can be transferred to another DVR if multiple units need to be installed with the same settings. All information is saved apart from network settings and system name.

1.3.4.7 Control Device

Click the CONTROL DEVICE menu.

Select the SYSTEM ID, PTZ Protocol and camera BAUD RATE. This will allow up to 254 DVRs to be controlled from the same keyboard.

SYSTEM ID: If more than one DVR is connected on the same RS485 bus, each one must have a unique ID.

PROTOCOL: Must be set by Control Device.

BAUD RATE: Must be set to match the baud rate of the PTZ controller. 1.3.4.8 EVENT /SENSOR

HDD Event

DISK FULL EVENT: Makes alarm when disk full to recording data Alarm Input

It determines the behavior of each alarm inputs

OPERATION: Alarm inputs can be enabled or disabled.

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Alarm Output

OPERATION: The selected alarm output can be enabled or disabled.

MODE: Can be either TRANSPARENT (the output is active only when the trigger criteria is present) or LATCHED (the output is active for a set period of time after a trigger)

DURATION: In LATCHED mode, the time that the alarm output remains active after it has been triggered.

HDD EVENT: Determines whether a hard drive event triggers the alarm output.

Action settings

ALARM: Determines whether alarm inputs will trigger the alarm output.

VIDEO LOSS: Determines whether video loss on any of the selected channels will trigger the alarm output.

MOTION: Determines whether motion detection on any of the selected channels will trigger the alarm output.

Buzzer Out

OPERATION: The internal buzzer can be enabled or disabled.

MODE: Can be either TRANSPARENT (the buzzer sounds only when the trigger criteria is present) or LATCHED (the buzzer sounds for a set period of time after the trigger).

DURATION: In LATCHED mode, the time that the buzzer sounds after it has been triggered.

HDD EVENT: Determines whether a hard drive event sounds the buzzer

Action settings

ALARM: Determines whether alarm inputs will sound the buzzer.

VIDEO LOSS: Determines whether video loss on any of the selected channels will sound the buzzer.

MOTION: Determines whether motion detection on any of the selected channels will sound the buzzer.

E-Mail Notification

Determines the behavior and actions that will send an email to a remote user

Behavior settings

NOTIFICATION: Email notification can be turned ON or OFF.

HDD EVENT: Determines whether a hard drive event sends an email.

BOOTING EVENT: Determines whether a reboot event sends an email.

Action settings

ALARM: Determines whether alarm inputs will send an email.

VIDEO LOSS: Determines whether video loss on any of the selected channels will send an email.

MOTION: Determines whether motion detection on any of the selected channels will send an email.

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Disk Manage

OVERWRITE/ MANUAL OVERWRITES: When set ON, the DVR will start overwriting the earliest recorded footage once the hard drive becomes full. In this case, the percentage of hard drive used shown in live display will always be 99%. When set to OFF, the DVR will stop recording when the disk becomes full.

FORMAT: If necessary, all footage can be erased from the DVR using this option.

1.3.5 Record Setup

1.3.5.1 Simple Recording

Click the RECORD SETUP menu. Select SIMPLE on RECORDING TYPE.

SIMPLE recording provide same recording configuration for all cameras.

SCHEDULE MODE: Either DAILY (one schedule will apply to every day of the week) or WEEKLY (each day of the week has its own schedule).

PRE EVENT RECORDING TIME: When the DVR is not in continuous recording mode, this setting determines the amount of footage that is always recorded before an event occurs. (Motion detection, alarm input etc.)

POST EVENT RECORDING TIME: When the DVR is not in continuous recording mode, this setting determines the amount of footage that is always recorded after an event occurs. (Motion detection, alarm input etc.)

Set recording quality, record size and FPS properly. Only one recording type supports for simple recording.

1.3.5.2 Advance Recording Click SETTING tab.

Select and drags mouse on the time line.

Set the size, fps, quality, audio and alarm per each camera. Click ACTIVATION tab

Drag area for setting and select recording types. Multi choice allow on recording type (CONTINOUS, MOTION, ALARM).

1.3.5.3 Manual Recording

Set recording configuration for Panic Recording.

During panic recording mode, the DVR will override all other recording settings and record continuously on all channels at the settings configured here.

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1.3.6 Search

1.3.6.1 Search By Time

Click the right mouse button on the Live Display screen and Click the SEARCH menu. Click the date that you want.

Drag the time bar by left mouse. Click the PLAY TAB.

Controls play mode by control box 1.3.6.2 SEARCH BY EVENT

Click the SEARCH BY EVENT menu and each value for query. Click the START menu.

Double click event on the list.

Now system will show play back mode.

1.3.7 Archive

Click the right mouse button on the Live Display screen and Click the ARCHIVING menu. Select time and data then press PREVIEW button.

Backup information windows will be popped up. Press ok to continue backup to external media.

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Chapter 3 I

n this chapter you will learn about:

• IP based CCTV system

• Introduction to Video management software

• Aimetis Symphony Video Analytics

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IP Based CCTV Systems

Modern video surveillance offers an increasingly wide range of systems and devices for video monitoring with the aim to safeguard people and property. In order to understand the scope and potential of an integrated, fully digitized system, you must understand the fundamentals of the technology incorporated in such a system. This document covers the core components of a network video system, these being:

• The network camera.

• The video server.

• The video management software.

In order to select the appropriate surveillance system, it is recommended to make comparison of the various technologies with reference to the planned application area and requirements in terms of cost-effectiveness, scalability, usability and flexibility.

CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) is still a term in use today; however it is more accurate to describe modern digital systems as Network video systems. These are also often referred to as IP-Surveillance. For specific applications within security surveillance and remote monitoring, IP-Surveillance is a system which gives users the ability to monitor and record video over an IP network (LAN/Internet).

Figure: IP based CCTV Network

Unlike analogue video systems, network video uses the network, rather than dedicated point-to-point cabling, as the backbone for transporting information. The term network video refers to both the video and audio sources available throughout the system. In a network video application, digitized video streams are transferred via a wired or wireless IP network, enabling video monitoring and recording from anywhere on the network.

A network or IP camera can be described as a camera and computer combined in one device. It captures and transmits live images directly over an IP network, enabling authorized users to locally or remotely view, store, and manage video over standard IP-based network infrastructure.

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An IP camera has its own unique IP address. It is connected to the network and has a built-in web server, FTP server, FTP client, e-mail client, alarm management, programmability, and much more. A network camera does not need to be connected to a PC; it operates independently and can be placed wherever there is an IP network connection.

*Note – A network/IP camera is completely different to a web camera. A web camera is a camera that requires connection to a PC via a USB or IEEE1394 port and a PC to operate. In addition to video, a network camera also includes other functionalities and information being transported over the same network connection, i.e. digital inputs and outputs, audio, serial port(s) for serial data or control of pan/tilt/zoom mechanisms.

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Comparison of network and analogue cameras

Analogue cameras are one-directional signal carriers which terminate at the Digital Video Recorder (DVR) and operator level, whereas a network camera is fully bi-directional and integrates with and drives the rest of the system to a high degree in a distributed and scalable environment. A network camera communicates with several applications in parallel, to perform various tasks, such as detecting motion or sending different streams of video.

A video server makes it possible to move toward a network video system without having to discard existing analogue equipment. It brings new functionality to analogue equipment and eliminates the need for dedicated equipment such as coaxial cabling, monitors and DVRs – the latter becoming unnecessary as video recording can be done using standard PC servers.

A video server typically has between one and four analogue ports for analogue cameras to plug into, as well as an Ethernet port for connection to the network. Like network cameras, it contains a built-in web server, a compression chip and an operating system so that incoming analogue feeds can be converted into digital video, transmitted and recorded over the computer network for easier accessibility and viewing.

Besides the video input, a video server also includes other functionalities and information which are transported over the same network connection: digital inputs and outputs, audio, serial port(s) for serial data or control of pan/tilt/zoom mechanisms.

A standard web browser provides adequate viewing for many network video applications, utilizing the web interface built into the network camera or video server especially if only one or a few cameras are viewed at the same time.

To view several cameras at the same time, dedicated video management software is required. In its simplest form, it offers live viewing, storing and retrieving of video sequences.

Advanced software contains features like:

• Simultaneous viewing and recording of live video from multiple cameras.

• Several recording modes: continuous, scheduled, on alarm and on motion detection.

• Capacity to handle high frame rates and large amounts of data.

• Multiple search functions for recorded events.

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• Control of PTZ and dome cameras.

• Alarm management functions (sound alarm, pop-up windows or e-mail).

• Full duplex, real-time audio support.

• Video intelligence.

Image Generation

Image quality is clearly one of the most important features of any camera, if not the most important. This is especially true of security surveillance where lives and property may be at stake. Unlike traditional analogue cameras, network cameras are equipped with the processing power not only to capture and present images, but also to manage and compress them digitally for network transport. Image quality can vary considerably and is dependent on several factors such as the choice of optics and image sensor, the available processing power and the level of sophistication of the algorithms in the processing chip.

CCD sensor CMOS sensor

The image sensor of the camera is responsible for transforming light into electrical signals. When building a camera, there are two possible technologies for the camera's image sensor:

• CCD (Charged Coupled Device).

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CCD sensors are produced using a technology developed specifically for the camera industry, while CMOS sensors are based on standard technology already extensively used in memory chips, inside PCs for example.

CCD technology

CCD sensors have been used in cameras for a long time and present many quality advantages, among which a better light sensitivity than CMOS sensors. This higher light sensitivity translates into better images in low light conditions. CCD sensors are however more expensive as they are made in a non-standard process and more complex to incorporate into a camera. Besides, when there is a very bright object in the scene (such as a lamp or direct sunlight), the CCD may bleed, causing vertical stripes below and above the object. This phenomenon is called smear.

CMOS technology

Recent advances in CMOS sensors bring them closer to their CCD counterparts in terms of image quality, but CMOS sensors remain unsuitable for cameras where the highest possible image quality is required. CMOS sensors provide a lower total cost for the cameras since they contain all the logics needed to build cameras around them. They make it possible to produce smaller-sized cameras. Large size sensors are available, providing megapixel resolution to a variety of network cameras. A current limitation with CMOS sensors is their lower light sensitivity. In normal bright environments this is not an issue, while in low light conditions this becomes apparent. The result is either a very dark or a very noisy image.

Image and video compression

Image and video compression can be done either in a lossless or lossy approach. In lossless compression, each and every pixel is kept unchanged resulting in an identical image after decompression. The price to pay is that the compression ratio, i.e. the data reduction, is very limited. A well-known lossless compression format is GIF. Since the compression ratio is so limited, these formats are impractical for use in network video solutions where large amounts of images need to be stored and transmitted. Therefore, several lossy compression methods and standards have been developed. The fundamental idea is to reduce things that appear invisible to the human eye and by doing so being able to increase the compression ratio tremendously.

Compression methods also involve two different approaches to compression standards: still image compression and video compression.

Still image compression standards

All still image compression standards are focused only on one single picture at a time. The most well known and widespread standard is JPEG.

JPEG

JPEG, a well-known image compression method, was originally standardized in the mid-1980s in a process started by the Joint Photographic Experts Group. With JPEG, decompression and viewing can be done from standard web browsers.

JPEG compression can be done at different user-defined compression levels, which determine how much an image is to be compressed. The compression level selected is directly related to the image quality requested. Besides the compression level, the image itself also has an impact on the resulting

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compression ratio. For example, a white wall may produce a relatively small image file (and a higher compression ratio), while the same compression level applied on a very complex and patterned scene will produce a larger file size, with a lower compression ratio.

The two images below illustrate compression ratio versus image quality for a given scene at two different compression levels.

Compression level “low” Compression level “high”

Compression ratio 1:16 Compression ratio 1:96

6% of original file size 1% of original file size

No visible image quality degradation Image quality clearly degraded

JPEG2000

Another still image compression standard is JPEG2000. It was developed by the same group that also developed JPEG. Its main target is for use in medical applications and for still image photographing. At low compression ratios, it performs similar to JPEG but at really high compression ratios it performs slightly better than JPEG. The price to pay is that the support for JPEG2000 in web browsers and image displaying and processing applications is still very limited.

Video compression standards

Motion JPEG is the most commonly used standard in network video systems. A network camera, like a digital still picture camera, captures individual images and compresses them into JPEG format. The network camera can capture and compress, for example, 30 such individual images per second (30 fps – frames per second), and then make them available as a continuous flow of images over a network to a viewing station.

H.263

The H.263 compression technique targets a fixed bit rate video transmission. The downside of having a fixed bit rate is that when an object moves, the quality of the image decreases. H.263 was originally designed for video conferencing applications and not for video surveillance where details are more crucial than fixed bit rate.

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MPEG

One of the best-known audio and video streaming techniques is the standard called MPEG (initiated by the Motion Picture Experts Group in the late 1980s). MPEG’s basic principle is to compare two compressed images to be transmitted over the network. The first compressed image is used as a reference frame, and only parts of the following images that differ from the reference image are sent. The network viewing station then reconstructs all images based on the reference image and the “difference data”.

Despite higher complexity, applying MPEG video compression leads to lower data volumes being transmitted across the network than is the case with Motion JPEG. This is illustrated below where only information about the differences in the second and third frames is transmitted.

H 264

The two groups behind H.263 and MPEG-4 joined together to form the next generation video compression standard. AVC for Advanced Video Coding, also called H.264. The intent is to achieve very high data compression. This standard is capable of providing good video quality at bit rates that are substantially lower than what previous standards would need, and to do so without so much of an increase in complexity as to make the design impractical or expensive to implement. The leading IP video solutions almost always use H264 these days.

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An Introduction to Video Management Software

What is video management software?

Video management software running on a Windows or Unix/Linux server, supplies the basis for video monitoring, analysis, and recording. A wide range of software is available, based on the users'

requirements. A standard Web browser provides adequate viewing for many network video applications, utilizing the Web interface built into the network camera or video server especially if only one or a few cameras are viewed at the same time.

To view several cameras at the same time, dedicated video management software is required. A wide range of video management software is available. In its simplest form, it offers live viewing, storing and retrieving of video sequences. Advanced software contains features such as:

• Simultaneous viewing and recording of live video from multiple cameras

• Several recording modes: continuous, scheduled, on alarm and on motion detection

• Capacity to handle high frame rates and large amounts of data

• Multiple search functions for recorded events

• Remote access via a Web browser, client software and even PDA client

• Control of PTZ and dome cameras

• Alarm management functions (sound alarm, pop-up windows or e-mail)

• Full duplex, real-time audio support

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Aimetis Symphony Video Management Software

Aimetis Symphony is an advanced video management software product with integrated video analysis. Symphony simultaneously enables digital video recording, intelligent video analysis and remote access to live and recorded images from any networked computer. Symphony analyzes incoming video against user-defined policies and initiates counter measures when an event violates a Rule.

By using Symphony’s advanced business intelligence reporting and query tools, users can quickly access information or locate specific video in seconds, saving hours of forensic work. Sample content analysis applications include:

• Perimeter breach protection

• Virtual fence • Object stolen/left-behind • Flow control • People/vehicle counting • Vehicle starting/stopping/moving

•

Camera obstruction

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Symphony Client User Interface

Symphony Client acts as the user interface for all server configuration as well as alarm and report management. This section will outline the key functions of Symphony Client to help you get started. The Main Console is the main window that you will be using within Symphony Client.

The Main Console consists of typical Windows application items such as the Title Bar, Menu, Toolbars, and controls for minimize, maximize, and close. Also included are Video Panels used for live mode, historical playback, and analyzing still frames. To fully manage Symphony and take advantage of all its many features there are several other panels available:

Main Console

Address Bar

The Address Bar contains a Symphony link to the last selected video position. Symphony links are very useful. If you have already installed Symphony Client on a computer you can simply do Start - Run, and paste in a Symphony link, and Windows XP will automatically start Symphony Client and position to the link's location.

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Using the Forward and Back buttons on the Toolbar on the Main Console will bring you to places you have just visited. For example, each time you click on the Timeline or navigate to a different camera on a different server, this information is being recorded, so it is easy to navigate backwards or forwards from where you are. To view a location you have just visited, clicking the Back button will return you to the camera and time you were just viewing.

Timeline

The Timeline is a powerful way to view everything that has happened in a day at a glance. The Timeline is integrated in the main view of Symphony Client. It can be turned on and off via the Toolbar Timeline

button, and via Menu item View > Timeline. The Timeline is also available in every Video Panel, accessible by right-clicking on the Video Panel and choosing Timeline.

Figure: Timeline

If you click anywhere on the Timeline, a still image for that time will appear in the main view. Meaning of the bar colors:

Green - No relevant foreground activity was detected.

Yellow - There is activity (ignores weather conditions and shadows).

Red - A Rule was broken that resulted in an alarm being raised.

Gray - No video signal.

The purple circle always indicates the Timeline position for what is currently being viewed in the Video Panel.

Video Panels

Video Panels are used to show live video, recorded video, and analyze still frames. All Video Panels, including the Main Video Panel, can optionally include a Timeline and a Navigation Bar. These options and others are available via the context menu by right-clicking on the Video Panel (as seen below).

Live View Mode

By default, cameras are playing live in the Main Console. To navigate to different cameras, click on the Camera Tree or Site Map to switch cameras. By clicking on Timeline will automatically exit live mode and enter playback mode.

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Video Playback mode

If Timeline or Alarm log is clicked, video playback mode begins. Below is an example of playback mode. If right clicking on playback mode, other configuration options exist.

Figure: Video Panel Navigation Menu Usage (in video playback mode)

Navigates forward and backward by alarm, activity (motion), 10 seconds, 1 second, 1 frame

Controls video playback speed as well as reverse playback speed

Switches back to Live mode from playback mode.

Multi View

Multi View allows you to view multiple cameras' views at the same time. Multi View can be configured to display 1 to 64 cameras at once. It is possible to have more than one multi view dialog open. Since the Multi View is made up of individual Video Panels, it is possible to configure them individually for appearance, the activities to perform upon alarm events, whether or not to have Timelines, Navigation Bars, etc. Simply drag cameras from the Map or Camera Tree onto panes in the Multi View.

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Camera Tree

The Camera Tree is the default method of navigating between cameras. By default, all cameras are listed in order of camera ID. Each camera has a unique ID and is set automatically by the system as cameras are added. If the camera tree is not visible, from Symphony Client click View > Camera Tree.

PTZ Controls

When working with PTZ cameras, you have the ability to set multiple home positions (camera tour), pan, tilt and zoom right from Symphony Client using a standard keyboard and mouse.

To move the camera you have three options. You can use the Navigation control (PTZ button on the toolbar), or use the mouse to drag a box around the region you wish to zoom in on.

Navigation Menu Usage

To open the control dialog of the dome or PTZ camera, click on the PTZ toolbar button, or click View > PTZ Controls.

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The PTZ Navigation dialog is summarized below.

The arrows move a dome or PTZ camera up and down, left and right. If it's a fixed camera, will digitally move camera (must be digitally zoomed first). The +/- allows you to digitally zoom in or out (fixed camera), or optically zoom in and out (dome or PTZ cameras). Clicking Home will automatically bring camera back to its user defined Home Position. The numbers represent camera tourlocations and provide easy navigation.

Server List

The Server List is a panel on the right side of the main console that lists the servers that are in the current server set along with their connection status. The menu item View > Server List Panel toggles its

visibility.

By right clicking on the top title bar (i.e. Server) the context menu appears where the Column Chooser

allows you to customize which fields are displayed.

By right clicking on a server from the Server List panel, a context menu pops up that includes menu items to Add, Edit, Delete, Enable, Disable, and view properties of the selected servers.

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Aimetis Symphony Video Analytics

Introduction

With Aimetis' video analytics it is possible to detect specific events and activities automatically from your cameras without human intervention. Video analytics makes it possible to filter video and only notify you when user defined events have been detected, such as vehicles stopping in an alarm zone, or a person passing through a digital fence. Today's robust video analytics produce far fewer false alarms than the previous motion detection methods employed in earlier DVRs or cameras. Aimetis offers video analytics add-ons on a per camera basis in the form of Video Engines (VE).

How to select video analytics

Some Video Engines (VE) can be run concurrently per camera with others (such as VE150 Motion Tracking and VE350 Left Item Detection) but others cannot be run concurrently (such as VE160 People Counting with VE150 Motion Tracking). If the desired video engine is not selectable, de-select the current engine in order to select any other.

To run other video engines, perform the following steps:

1. From Symphony Client, click Server > Configuration to load the Configuration dialog. This will allow you to configure devices for the currently selected server

2. Select Devices from the left pane.

3. Select the camera you wish to configure for use with video analytics and click Edit.

4. Click the Analytics Engines tab. Un-check whatever is currently checked (default is VE130) and select the desired video analytic to run on the current camera.

5. Finally, click OK to save settings and continue (to configure the chosen analytics), or click OK to close dialog (and use the default settings for the chosen analytics).