EQUIPO 1
EQUIPO 1
-BRIONES REYES RAUL
-BRIONES REYES RAUL
-VILLARUEL HUERTA ANGEL
-VILLARUEL HUERTA ANGEL
-COPADO NARANJO ENRIQUE
-COPADO NARANJO ENRIQUE
-PAYDON NEGRETE HASSAEL
-PAYDON NEGRETE HASSAEL
-SOSA GARCIA GILBERTO ROMAN
-SOSA GARCIA GILBERTO ROMAN
CONTRASTE
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TIPOS DE REACCIONES ADVERSAS POR LOS
TIPOS DE REACCIONES ADVERSAS POR LOS
MEDIOS DE CONTRASTE.
MEDIOS DE CONTRASTE.
Las diversas consecuencias clínicas no deseadas consecutivas a la
Las diversas consecuencias clínicas no deseadas consecutivas a la
administración de MCR pueden ser clasificadas según
administración de MCR pueden ser clasificadas según
su mecanismos en:
su mecanismos en:
TOXICAS
TOXICAS
PSEUDOALERGI
PSEUDOALERGICAS
CAS O
O
ANAFILACTOIDEAS
ANAFILACTOIDEAS
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TOXICAS
TOXICAS
Se producen por acción de la estructura química del compuesto
Se producen por acción de la estructura química del compuesto
sobre células de los
sobre células de los
vasos sanguíneos, proteínas circulantes y sistemas enzimáticos, provocando cambios
vasos sanguíneos, proteínas circulantes y sistemas enzimáticos, provocando cambios
hemodinámicos en dichos órganos y
hemodinámicos en dichos órganos y
estructuras. Si bien pueden ocurrir en todas las
estructuras. Si bien pueden ocurrir en todas las
personas, resultan más frecuentes cuando existen enfermedades asociadas que puedan
personas, resultan más frecuentes cuando existen enfermedades asociadas que puedan
predisponer al daño renal o cardíaco. Tales reacciones están en relación con la cantidad
predisponer al daño renal o cardíaco. Tales reacciones están en relación con la cantidad
de contraste inyectado y suelen ser reversibles,
de contraste inyectado y suelen ser reversibles,
salvo por daño grave en enfermedad
salvo por daño grave en enfermedad
preexistente.Las enfermedades asociadas con potencial afectación renovascular son:
preexistente.Las enfermedades asociadas con potencial afectación renovascular son:
-Diabetes.
-Diabetes.
-Hipertensión.
-Hipertensión.
-Colagenopatías
-Colagenopatías
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Estas pueden
Estas pueden
ocurrir En todas
ocurrir En todas
las personas por
las personas por
acción sobre
acción sobre
células y tejidos
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PSEUDOALERGICAS O
PSEUDOALERGICAS O
ANAFILACTOIDEAS
ANAFILACTOIDEAS
Son reacciones que ocurren en algunas personas por acción directa de los
Son reacciones que ocurren en algunas personas por acción directa de los
MCR sobre células del organismo que almacenan mediadores químicos que,
MCR sobre células del organismo que almacenan mediadores químicos que,
al liberarse, pueden provocar manifestaciones de tipo alérgicas como
al liberarse, pueden provocar manifestaciones de tipo alérgicas como
urticaria, edema, asma, rinitis y shock.
urticaria, edema, asma, rinitis y shock.
En las reacciones alérgicas verdaderas o anafilácticas, el anticuerpo
En las reacciones alérgicas verdaderas o anafilácticas, el anticuerpo
responsable de la liberación de las sustancias es la inmunoglobulina E (IgE).
responsable de la liberación de las sustancias es la inmunoglobulina E (IgE).
En las reacciones alérgicas provocadas por la penicilina, sulfamidas y otros
En las reacciones alérgicas provocadas por la penicilina, sulfamidas y otros
fármacos, este anticuerpo persiste en la sangre y se puede detectar
fármacos, este anticuerpo persiste en la sangre y se puede detectar
mediante las pruebas cutáneas adecuadas, y aun medir en el suero.
mediante las pruebas cutáneas adecuadas, y aun medir en el suero.
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Estas ocurren en
Estas ocurren en
algunas personas por
algunas personas por
liberación de
liberación de
histamina desde los
histamina desde los
mastocitos de un
mastocitos de un
modo independiente
modo independiente
de la inmunoglobulina
de la inmunoglobulina
e (ige)
e (ige)
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Las reacciones adversas, según la
Las reacciones adversas, según la
SEVERIDAD DE LAS REACCIONES
SEVERIDAD DE LAS REACCIONES
ADVERSAS
ADVERSAS
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LEVES
LEVES
: Son las más
: Son las más
frecuentes, con el 99 % del
frecuentes, con el 99 % del
total de las reacciones.
total de las reacciones.
Incluyen síntomas tales
Incluyen síntomas tales
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MODERADAS:
MODERADAS:
Significan
Significan
el 1 % del total de las reacciones
el 1 % del total de las reacciones
adversas. Se presentan como
adversas. Se presentan como
urticaria difusa, edema,
urticaria difusa, edema,
broncoespasmo leve y vómitos.
broncoespasmo leve y vómitos.
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GRAVES
GRAVES
: Se trata de
: Se trata de
de
de
urticari
urticaria
a
generalizada,
generalizada,
urticari
urticaria
a
generalizada,
generalizada,
edema de
edema de
edema de laringe,
edema de laringe,
laringe,
laringe,
hipotensión
hipotensión
hipotensión, broncoespasmo
hipotensión, broncoespasmo
, broncoespasmo
, broncoespasmo
o shock
o shock
o shock.
o shock.
Pueden aparecer en
Pueden aparecer en
aproximadamente el 0.1 %
aproximadamente el 0.1 %
del total de las reacciones y
del total de las reacciones y
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GRUPOS DE RIESGO DE LAS
GRUPOS DE RIESGO DE LAS
RACCIONES ADVERSAS
RACCIONES ADVERSAS
Los grupos con riesgo incrementado de sufrir una reacción adversa son:
Los grupos con riesgo incrementado de sufrir una reacción adversa son:
A- Pacientes que tienen una historia previa de reacción
A- Pacientes que tienen una historia previa de reacción adversa moderada o grave por
adversa moderada o grave por
MCR.
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