THE JOURNAL OF
Egyptian
Archaeology
VOLUME 7 4
1 9 8 8
PUBLISHED BYTHE JOURNAL OF
Egyptian Archaeology
V O L U M E 74
P U B L I S H E D BYT H E EGYPT E X P L O R A T I O N SOCIETY
3 D O U G H T Y M E W S , L O N D O N W C i N z P G 1 9 8 8C O N T E N T S
PAGE
EDITORIAL FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
T H E T O M B OF M A Y A AND M E R Y T : PRELIMINARY G e o f f r e y T . M a r t i n , M a a r t e n REPORT ON THE SAQQÂRA EXCAVATIONS, 1 9 8 7 - 8 . J. R a v e n , Barbara G r e e n e A s t o n , a n d J a c o b u s V a n
D i j k . . . . 1
M E M P H I S 1 9 8 6 , 1 9 8 7 D . G . Jeffreys a n d J. M a l e k 1 5 CHRONOLOGY, SEDIMENTS, AND SUBSISTENCE AT Z a h i H a w a s s , F e k r i A .
M E R I M D A B E N I S A L A M A . . . . . H a s s a n , a n d A c h i l l e s
G a u t i e r . . . 3 1 A QUANTITATIVE A N A L Y S I S OF THE PREDYNASTIC
BURIALS IN A R M A N T CEMETERY 1 4 0 0 - 1 5 0 0 . . K a t h r y n B a r d . . . 3 9 RELIEFS FROM VARIOUS T O M B S AT SAQQÂRA . . G a l a l S h a r a w i a n d Y v o n n e
H a r p u r . . . . 5 7
ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE
SLAUGHTERHOUSE OF MEKETRE . . . . A l l a n S. G i l b e r t . . . 6 9 N E W L I G H T ON K I Y A FROM T E X T S IN THE BRITISH
M U S E U M C . N i c h o l a s R e e v e s . . 9 1 T H E VIZIER PASER , V . A . D o n o h u e . . 1 0 3 T H E R O Y A L BUTLER H O R I AT NORTHERN SAQQÂRA . J a r o m i r M a l e k . . 1 2 5 T H E LARGEST PROJECT FOR A R O Y A L T O M B IN THE
V A L L E Y OF THE K I N G S R a p h a e l V e n t u r a . . . 1 3 7 A G R O U P OF OSIRIS-CLOTHS OF THE T W E N T Y - F I R S T
D Y N A S T Y IN THE CAIRO M U S E U M . . . . A l y A b d a l l a . . . 1 5 7
L E S A C T E S DE V E N T E EN E G Y P T E A N C I E N N E , PARTICULIÈREMENT sous LES R O I S KOUCHITES ET
SAÏTES . . . . . B e r n a d e t t e M e n u . . 1 6 5
T H E EARLIEST D A T E D M O N U M E N T OF A M A S I S AND THE
E N D OF THE R E I G N OF APRIES . . . . A n t h o n y L e a h y . . . 1 8 3
M U S E U M ACQUISITIONS 1 9 8 6 J a n i n e B o u r r i a u . . . 2 0 1 BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS
A PROTOCOL OF D R E S S : THE R O Y A L AND PRIVATE F O L D
OF THE K I L T W i l l i a m K e l l y S i m p s o n . 2 0 3
BEMERKUNGEN ZUR STELE DES MERER IN KRAKAU . K a r l J a n s e n - W i n k e l n . . 2 0 4 C O F F I N OF A DOG FROM B E N I H A S A N . . . A n g e l a M . J. T o o l e y . . 2 0 7 T w o CORRECTIONS TO P . REISNER I V , SECTIONS F
AND G . . . W i l l i a m K e l l y S i m p s o n . 2 1 1 T w o ROYAL RELIEFS FROM THE TEMPLE OF D E I R
EL-BAHARI . . . . A i d a n D o d s o n . . . 2 1 2
A RECIPE FOR OFFERING LOAVES? . . . . H i l a r y W i l s o n . . . 2 1 4
A RELIEF OF A ' C H I E F OF THE G A N G ' FROM D E I R
E L - M E D I N E H AT W H E A T O N COLLEGE, ILLINOIS . J a m e s K . H o f f m e i e r . . 2 1 7
A CASKET FRAGMENT OF R A M E S S E S I X IN THE
MUSEUM OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY, A i d a n D o d s o n a n d C . CAMBRIDGE . . . . . . . . N i c h o l a s R e e v e s . . 2 2 3 T H E WIVES OF PINUDJEM I I — A TOPIC FOR DISCUS
SION . . . . . . . . . A n d r z e j N i w i n s k i . . 2 2 6 A DAUGHTER OF K I N G HARSIESE . . . . J o h n H . T a y l o r . . . 2 3 0 A GLAZED COMPOSITION SISTRUM HANDLE INSCRIBED
FOR AMENRUD A . J. S p e n c e r . . . 2 3 2
A N ALTERED ROYAL HEAD OF THE T W E N T Y - S I X T H
D Y N A S T Y . . . . . . . . Jack A . J o s e p h s o n . . 2 3 2 M E R I B - P T A H PSAMTEK-MERYPTAH (Surnom NO. 3 9 ) . Jaromir M a l e k . . . 2 3 5 M O R E LIGHT ON A SAITE OFFICIAL OF THE G O D ' S
W I F E OF A M U N . . . . . . . A n t h o n y L e a h y . . . 2 3 6 A N INSCRIBED HADRA HYDRIA IN THE PELIZAEUS
M U S E U M , HILDESHEIM . . . P. J. C o n n o r . . . 2 4 0 A L A T I N PAPYRUS WITH A RECRUIT'S REQUEST FOR
SERVICE IN THE AUXILIARY COHORTS . . M . P. S p e i d e l a n d R. S e i d e r 2 4 2
T H E CAMEL IN THE N I L E VALLEY: NEW RADIOCARBON
ACCELERATOR ( A M S ) DATES FOR QASR IBRÎM . P e t e r R o w l e y - C o n w y . . 2 4 5 T H E REPRESENTATION OF Polygonum senegalense
MEISN. IN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIEFS AND
PAINTINGS . . . . . . . . N a t h a l i e B e a u x . . . 2 4 8
REVIEWS
H . D E MEULENAERE AND L . L I M M E ( e d s . ) , Artibus R e v i e w e d b y C l a u d e
Aegypti. Studio in honorem Bernardi V. Bothmer . V a n d e r s l e y e n . . . 2 5 3 Sundries in Honour of Torgny Säve-Söderbergh . D . M . B a i l e y . . . 2 5 4
J E A N - L U C CHAPPAZ, Les figurines funéraires égyptien
nes du Musée d'Art et d'Histoire . . . . G e o f f r e y T . M a r t i n . - 2 5 5 BEATRIX GESSLER-LÖHR, Die heiligen Seen ägyptischer
Tempeln H . Jaritz . . . . 2 5 6 K L A U S P. K U H L M A N N , Materialien zur Archäologie
und Geschichte des Raumes von Achmim . . N a g u i b K a n a w a t i . . 2 5 9
CLAUDE SOURDIVE, La main dans l'Egypte pharaonique G a y R o b i n s . . . 2 6 1 URSULA VERHOEVEN, Grillen, Kochen, Backen im
Alltag und im Ritual Altägyptens . . . . Erhart G r a e f e . . . 2 6 3 M . A . H O F F M A N , The Predynastic of Hierakonpolis—
An Interim Report . . . . . . Peter L a c o v a r a . . . 2 6 5
W I N I F R E D NEEDLER, Predynastic and Archaic Egypt
in the Brooklyn Museum . . . . A . J. S p e n c e r . . . 2 6 8
BRIGITTE JAROS-DECKERT, Das Grab desjnj-jtj-f . M . E a t o n - K r a u s s . . 2 6 9 E L S A Y E D A L Y H E G A Z Y AND M A R I O T O S I , A Theban
Private Tomb. Tomb No. 295 . . . . N i g e l S t r u d w i c k . . . 2 7 3 E L K E BLUMENTHAL et al. ( e d s . ) , Urkunden der 18.
Dynastie. Ubersetzung zu den Heften 5-16 . K. A . K i t c h e n . . . 2 7 4
E R I K H O R N U N G , Der ägyptische Mythos von der
Himmelskuh . . . J. G w y n Griffiths . . 2 7 5
C O N T E N T S v
T H O M A S VON DER W A Y , Die Textiiberlieferung Ramses'
II zur Qades-Schlacht . . . . . . K A, K i t c h e n . 2 7 9
RICHARD A . PARKER et al., The Edifice of Taharqa by
the Sacred Lake of Karnak . . . . . M S m i t h . . . . 2 8 1
M A H M U D A B D E L - R A Z I Q , Die Darstellungen und Texte
des Sanktuars Alexanders des Grossen im Tempel von
Luxor . . . . . . . . . E . W i n t e r . . . . 2 8 8
ELAINE K . G A Z D A ( e d . ) , Karanis: An Egyptian Town
T, 2 8 9
E L L E N E . R I C E , The Grand Procession of Ptolemy
Philadelphus . . . . . . . II. M a e h l e r 2 9 0
GENEVIEVE H U S S O N , OIKIA. Le vocabulaire de la
maison privee en Egypte d'apres les papyrus grecs . J- D a v i d T h o m a s 2 9 2
Festschrift zum ioo-jahrigen Bestehen der
Papyrus-sammlung der Osterreichischen Nationalbibliothek . W . E . H . C o c k l e 2 9 3
WERNER V Y C I C H L , Dictionnaire etymologique de la
2 9 3
K H K u h n and W . J . T a i t 2 9 6 f j . W . B . BARNS et al., Nag Hammadi Codices: Greek
and Coptic Papyri from the Car tonnage of the Covers W . J . T a i t . . . . 2 9 9
RUSSELL M E I G G S , Trees and Timber in the Ancient
Mediterranean World . . . . . . R i c h a r d B u r l e i g h 3 0 1
EUGEN STROUHAL, Wadi Qitna and Kalabsha South.
3 0 1
A J M i l l s . . . . 3 0 4 O t h e r b o o k s r e c e i v e d . . . . . . 305
A Protocol of Dress: The Royal and Private Fold of the Kilt
In statues of the Old Kingdom, the kilts of kings and courtiers are usually folded in opposite directions.
I N Egyptian statuary there appears to be a rule, not evidently recognized, in respect to the manner of folding the short wrap-around kilt and the more formal shendyt with a central tab hanging down (Mittel~tiickschurz).~ T h e king wraps the kilt left over right, or clockwise from the point of view of the wearer, whereas the official in the Old Kingdom wraps his kilt in contrary fashion, right over left or counter-clockwise. Royal statues throughout Egyptian history follow this basic method: left over right. As might be expected, the royal fold is soon emulated by private officials, perhaps as early as the end of the Old Kingdom. T h u s the 'royal' fold curiously corresponds with that used for garments now intended for men and the 'private' fold for shirts, jackets, etc., made for women today. T h e rule for the private fold has been indirectly addressed by Fischer in his study of the pair statue Berlin 1 2 5 4 7 . ~Fischer notes the anomaly of dress in the male of the pair, whose kilt is folded left over right instead of the 'correct' right over left, suggesting on this and other grounds that the statue is a modern forgery (evidently in part based on a photograph).
It might be expected that statues of gods originally followed the royal fashion. But an instructive case for the rigour with which the differentiation is applied is the triad of Mycerinus with the Theban nome from the king's Valley Temple at Giza. Mycerinus wears the kilt in the standard royal fashion, while the nome personification, evidently not a god, follows the non-royal f a ~ h i o n . ~ That this is not merely fortuitous or dictated by symmetry is emphasized by the dyad of Sahure and the Koptite nome personification in New York: here too the king and nome personification fold the kilt in opposite directions."~ would be instructive to determine the date at which the rule was first broken by officials copying the royal fold in statuary and the corresponding wearing apparel. T h e broken rule is already exemplified in private statuary of the early Eleventh Dynasty, .a good example being the seated statue in the British Museum of the steward Meri with his hands c r ~ s s e d . ~ T h e adoption of the royal fold becomes frequent in the Twelfth D y n a ~ t y , ~ and in the Second Intermediate Period is almost the rule.7 Examples of the 'private' fold in royal statues appear
'
I cannot find a clear expression of the rule in the standard discussions of Egyptian dress. T h e major treatments of the subject are: Hans Bonnet, Die iigyptische Tracht bis z u m Ende des Neuen Reiches (Leipzig, 19 I 7;reprinted Hildesheim, I 964); Elisabeth Staehelin, Untersuchungen zur agyptischen Tracht im Alten Reich (Berlin, 1966); J . Vandier, iZlanuel d'archiologie, 111 (Paris, 1958), 106-10 (on Old Kingdom); Michel Malaise, in
,Wilanges offerts a J e a n Vercoutter (Paris, 1985), 217-27; H. 0.Lange and H. Schafer, Grab- und Denksteine des mittleren Reichs i m Museum con Kairo (CCG), Teil 4, Tafeln (Berlin, 1902) pls. 70-85.
H. G. Fischer, R d E 30 (1978), 78-95.
George A. Reisner, ~Wycerinus(Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1 9 3 1 ) ~ pl. 41. In the fragmentary triad, No. 13, the nome personification similarly has the fold in the direction opposite to that of the king, ibid. pl. 46 f. William C. Hayes, T h e Scepter of Egypt, I (New York, 1953)~ 70, fig. 46.
Cyril Aldred, Middle Kingdom A r t in Ancient Egypt (London, 1950), no. 4, p. 3 4
See the numerous examples in Labib Habachi, Elephantine IV: T h e Sanctuary of Heqaib (Mainz am Rhein, 1985). T h e long wrap-around garment, however, retains the usual right-over-left fold: cf. op. cit. pl. 103.
'
T h e seated statue of Prince Ahmose in the Louvre: Aldred, N e w Kingdom A r t in Ancient Egypt (London, 1 9 5 1 ) ~no. 2; statue of Nebyot from Edfu in the Louvre; and the seated statue of Si-Amun in New York (MMA 65.1 15).204
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS
J E A 74to me to be very rare indeed: an example is a statue of Amenhotep I1 in Cair0.l Certainly other exceptions will come to light.
T h e 'rule' presented in this communication is obviously a general one, subject to exceptions, and restricted to the two types of kilt cited above. T h e longer, over-the-shoulder mantles and other garments show a preference for a right-over-left fold from the Khasekhem statues from Hierakonpolis, the Djoser serdab statue from the Step Pyramid, and through the many Middle Kingdom private statues. Two-dimensional representations, in painting and relief, are more complex and to a great extent reflect the direction in which the figures face.2 T h e subject cannot be taken up here.
It is logical to assume that the method represented in statuary reflects the actual mode of dress in 'real life'.
WILLIAMKELLYSIMPSON
Bemerkungen zur Stele des Merer in Krakau
Discussion of some of the textual problems of the stele of Merer in the Cracow Museum, first published by CernL i n J E A 47 (1961). T h i s important document for the history of the First Intermediate Period contains the earliest attestation of the image of the balance in the Judgement of the Dead.
D I E STELE des Mrr in Krakau3 ist von J . Cernjr in Band 47 (1961) dieser Zeitschrift (pp. 5-9; pl. i) veroffentlicht worden. Seitdem ist die Inschrift mehrfach behandelt und kommentiert w o r d e n . 9 r o t z d e m sind einige Passagen in ihr dunkel geblieben. Der folgende Artikel versucht sie etwas zu erhellen.
I . GroI3e Schwierigkeiten bereitet haben die Satze in der ersten Halfte von 2.4. Die bisherigen cbersetzungen:
C e r r ~ j r : ~'I did not spit in the eyes of a good man, of one who spoke or of one who knew, of one who
. .
.
or of one who bent (his) arm to me.'S ~ h e n k e l : ~'Ich habe nicht in die Augen gespieen, dem, der mit mir sprach, zu Gefallen, da ich mir des Verletzenden bewufit war und (lieber) den Arm beugte.'
Groll:' 'I was not spat upon in my eyes because of the quality of my speaking and because of my knowledge of one who bent (his) arm to me.'
L i ~ h t h e i m : ~'I was not spat in the eyes, owing to the worth of my speech, the competence of my counsel, and the bending of my arm.'
CG 42077: Aldred, iVew Kingdom A r t in Ancient Egypt, no. 49.
T h e 'standard' direction, based on the original direction of Egyptian hieroglyphic and hieratic writing is the right-facing figure: Bonnet, OLZ 27 (1924), 554, with many other discussions. T h u s in the Hesyre panels the 'private' right-over-left fold is represented in the right-facing figures. O n the Khaibausokar false door the right-facing figure similarly has the expected right-over-left fold while the corresponding left-facing figure exhibits the opposite left-over-right fold: cf. for both illustrations: E. L. B. Terrace and Henry G . Fischer,
Treasures of Egyptian A r t f r o m the Cairo A21useum (London, 1970), 35, 39. T h e subsequent development of these conventions is complex and beyond the scope of this communication.
hluzeum Karodowe MNK-XI-999.
.I Vollstandige Keuiibersetzungen: W. Schenkel, Memphis, Herakleopolis, Theben (Wiesbaden, 1965), 62-4, Nr. 42; M . Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature I (Berkeley, 1973), 87-8. Teilkommentare: H. G. Fischer, Kush 10(1962), 333-4 [ZU Z.5-6; 10; 121; Schenkel, Z A S 92 (1965), 63 [zu Z.j;121;A. Roccati, R S O 42 (1967), 70-1 [zu 2.8-131; XI. Gilula, R d E 2 0 (1968), 55-6 n. 6 [zu 2.41; Schenkel, Die Bewasserungsrecolution i m Alten Agypten (hIainz, 1978), 36 [zu 2.9-131; H . G . Fischer, in Studies in Ancient Egypt, the Aegean, and the S u d a n . Studies in honor of Dows Dunham eds. W.K . Simpson and \V. 31. Davis, (Boston, 1981), 66(e) [zu Z.101; D. Franke, Altagyptische Verzcandtschaftsbezeichnungeni m Mittleren Reich (Hamburg, 1983), 301 [zu 2.51; 215 [zu
z.10-1I].
Op. cit. 6. "Wemphis, Herakleopolis, Theben, 63.
