ANSI_AGMA_2015-1-A01

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A N SI /A GMA 2015 -1 -A 01 (Replaces ANSI/AGMA 2000--A88)

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Accuracy Classification System

-Tangential Measurements for Cylindrical

Gears

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Gears

ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01

[Revision of ANSI/AGMA 2000--A88]

Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the require-ments for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer.

Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily una-nimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution.

The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.

The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpre-tation of this standard should be addressed to the American Gear Manufacturers Association.

CAUTION NOTICE: AGMA technical publications are subject to constant improvement, revision, or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to any AGMA technical publication should be sure that the publication is the latest available from the As-sociation on the subject matter.

[Tables or other self--supporting sections may be quoted or extracted. Credit lines should read: Extracted from ANSI/AGMA 20151A01, Accuracy Classification System --Tangential Measurements for Cylindrical Gears, with the permission of the publisher, the American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 22314.]

Approved August 1, 2002

ABSTRACT

This standard, for spur and helical gearing, correlates gear accuracy grades with gear tooth tolerances. It pro-vides information on minimum requirements for accuracy groups as well as gear measuring practices. Annex material provides guidance on filtering and information on comparison of gear inspection methods.

Published by

American Gear Manufacturers Association

1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 22314

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America

ISBN: 1--55589--797--5

American

National

Standard

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Annexes

A Tolerance tables . . . 17

B Tolerance system development and comparison. . . 21

C Example of statistical process control (SPC) application . . . 31

D Involute and helix data filtering . . . 33

E Sector pitch deviation. . . 35

Bibliography . . . 37

Figures

1 Helix deviations. . . 4 2 Profile deviations . . . 5 3 Functional profile . . . 6 4 Pitch deviations. . . 7

5 Illustration of AGMA classification number . . . 14

Tables

1 Alphabetical table of terms with symbols, by terms. . . 2

2 Alphabetical table of symbols with terms, by symbols . . . 3

3 Reference for methods and tolerances . . . 9

4 Gear types and measurement methods . . . 10

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Foreword

[The foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, in this document are provided for informational purposes only and are not to be construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA Standard 2015--1--A01, Accuracy Classification System -- Tangential Measurements for Cylindrical Gears.]

This standard provides tolerances for different gear accuracy grades from A2 to A11 for unassembled spur and helical gears. Applicable definitions are provided.

The purpose is to provide a common basis for specifying accuracy, and for the procurement of unassembled gears. It is not a design manual for determining the specific quality levels for a given application.

AGMA 390.03 of 1973 was a consolidation of several AGMA publications, including: AGMA 235.02 (Feb. 1966), Information Sheet for Master Gears

AGMA 239.01 (Oct. 1965), Measuring Methods and Practices Manual for Control of Spur, Helical and Herringbone Gears

AGMA 239.01A (Sept. 1966), Measuring Methods and Practices Manual for Control of Bevel and Hypoid Gears, and parts of

AGMA 236.05 (ASA B6.11, June 1956), Inspection of Fine--Pitch Gears

AGMA 390.02 (Sept. 1964), Gear Classification Manual originally published as AGMA 390.01 (1961)

Data was added for Gear Rack and Fine--Pitch Worms and Wormgears. The former AGMA 390.02 for Coarse--Pitch and Fine--Pitch Spur, Helical and Herringbone Gearing was enhanced to offer a single, compatible classification system. The tolerance identifier “Q” was added to indicate that the tolerances in 390.03 apply. If Q is not used as a prefix in the quality number, tolerances in AGMA 390.01 and 390.02 applied.

ANSI/AGMA 2000--A88 was an update of those sections from AGMA 390.03 for parallel axis gears only. Additionally, the formulas stated the tolerances in metric terms. The content was revised, but basic tolerance levels were unchanged from AGMA 390.03. The other material in AGMA 390.03 on Bevels and Worms was replaced by ANSI/AGMA 2009--A99 and ANSI/AGMA 2011--A98, respectively. ANSI/AGMA 2000 was approved by AGMA membership in January 1988, and as a American National Standard Institute (ANSI) standard on March 31, 1988.

The user of this American National Standard is alerted that differences exist between it and ANSI/AGMA 2000--A88. Differences include, but are not limited to:

-- Accuracy grade numbering system is reversed, such that the smallest number represents the smallest tolerance;

-- Relative magnitudes of elemental tolerances for a single grade are in a different proportion;

-- The “helix evaluation range”, where the tolerances are applied, are defined for less flank area than in ANSI/AGMA 2000--A88;

-- The “K Chart” is not used for the permissible tolerance values; -- Runout is not included as one of the elements with a tolerance;

-- Concepts of “mean measurement trace”, “design profile”, “slope deviation” and “form deviation” are added, similar to ISO 1328--1.

Therefore, the user of ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01 must be very careful when comparing tolerance values formerly specified using ANSI/AGMA 2000--A88.

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ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01 is a replacement for ANSI/AGMA 2000--A88 and ANSI/AGMA ISO 1328--1. It is a complete revision, including accuracy grades, in order to be more compatible with ISO. It combines the grading system of ISO 1328--1 with the methods of ANSI/AGMA 2000--A88, and adds concepts of accuracy grade grouping for minimum measurement requirements, filtering, data density, and roughness limits to form deviations. This revision was started by the AGMA Inspection and Handbook Committee in 1997. It was approved by the AGMA membership in June, 2001. It was approved as an American National Standard on August 1, 2002.

Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 22314.

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PERSONNEL of the AGMA Inspection and Handbook Committee

Chairman: Edward Lawson . . . .M&M Precision Systems Corp.

ACTIVE MEMBERS

W.A. Bradley. . . . Consultant

D.R. Choiniere . . Profile Engineering, Inc. J. Clatworthy. . . . Gear Metrology, Inc. B.L. Cox . . . BWXT Y--12, LLC T.C. Glasener . . . Xtek, Incorporated G.G. Grana . . . The Gleason Works B. Hofrichter . . . . Arrow Gear Company I. Laskin. . . Consultant

S. Lindley . . . The Falk Corporation M. May. . . The Gleason Works D.A. McCarroll . . ZF Industries D.R. McVittie. . . . Gear Engineers, Inc.

S. Moore . . . Martin Sprocket & Gear, Inc. L.J. Smith . . . Consultant

R.E. Smith. . . R.E. Smith & Company, Inc.

ASSOCIATE MEMBERS

M. Antosiewicz . . The Falk Corporation M.J. Barron . . . Gear Motions, Inc.

D. Behling . . . Hamilton Sundstrand Aero. M.K. Considine. . Considine Associates R. Considine. . . . Considine Associates J.S. Cowan . . . Eaton Corporation M.E. Cowan . . . . Process Equipment Co. B. Cowley . . . Mahr Corporation

C. Dick. . . The Horsburgh & Scott Co. H.D. Dodd. . . Caterpillar, Inc.

R. Green . . . R--7 Group, Gear Consultants D. Gregory . . . Gear Products, Inc.

B. Gudates . . . Fairfield Manufacturing Co., Inc. J.S. Hamilton . . . Regal--Beloit Corporation H. Harary. . . NIST

D. Heinrich . . . Xtek, Incorporated G. Henriot . . . Consultant

J. Horwell . . . Brown & Sharpe

S. Johnson . . . The Gear Works -- Seattle, Inc. T. Klemm . . . Liebherr

D.E. Kosal. . . National Broach & Machine Co. J. Koshiol . . . Columbia Gear Corporation

W.E. Lake . . . MitsubishiGearTech.Center(AG) A.J. Lemanski. . . Penn State University

G.A. Luetkemeier Rockwell Automation/Dodge D. Matzo . . . Northwest Gears, Inc. P.A. McNamara . Caterpillar, Inc.

W.J. Michaels . . . Sundstrand Corporation M. Milam . . . Amarillo Gear Company T. Miller . . . The Cincinnati Gear Company M. Nanlawala . . . IIT Research Institute/INFAC M. Octrue . . . Centre Technique Des Ind. Mec. T. Okamoto . . . Nippon Gear Company, Ltd. J.A. Pennell. . . Univ. of Newcastle--Upon--Tyne K.R. Price . . . Eastman Kodak Company R.S. Ramberg. . . The Gear Works -- Seattle, Inc. V.Z. Rychlinski . . Brad Foote Gear Works, Inc. D.H. Senkfor . . . . Precision Gear Company S. Shariff . . . PMI Food Equipment Group E. Storm . . . Consultant

T. Waldie . . . Philadelphia Gear Corporation R.F. Wasilewski . Arrow Gear Company

F.M. Young . . . Forest City Gear Company P. Zwart . . . Caterpillar, Inc.

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American National Standard

--Accuracy Classification

System -- Tangential

Measurements for

Cylindrical Gears

1 Scope

This part of ANSI/AGMA 2015 establishes an accuracy grade system relevant to tangential mea-surements on flanks of individual cylindrical involute gears.

It specifies definitions for gear tooth accuracy terms, the structure of the gear accuracy grade system, and allowable values.

It is strongly recommended that any user of this part of ANSI/AGMA 2015 be very familiar with the methods and procedures outlined in AGMA 915--1--A02. Use of techniques other than those of AGMA 915--1--A02 combined with the limits de-scribed in this part of ANSI/AGMA 2015 may not be suitable.

This standard provides the gear manufacturer and the gear buyer with a mutually advantageous reference for uniform tolerances. Ten accuracy grades are defined in this standard, numbered A2 through A11, in order of decreasing precision. 1.1 Equations for tolerances

Equations for tolerances and their ranges of validity are provided in 7.2 for the defined accuracy of gearing. In general, these tolerances cover the following ranges: 5 ≤ z ≤ 1000 or 10 000/mnwhichever is less 5 mm ≤ D ≤ 10 000 mm 0.5 ≤ mn≤ 50 4 mm ≤ b ≤ 1000 mm β ≤ 45° where D is pitch diameter; m_n is normal module; b is facewidth (axial); z is number of teeth; β is helix angle.

See clause 4 for required and optional measuring methods.

1.2 Exceptions

This standard does not apply to enclosed gear unit assemblies, including speed reducers or increasers, gear motors, shaft mounted reducers, high speed units, or other enclosed gear units which are manufactured for a given power, speed, ratio or application.

Gear design is beyond the scope of this standard. The use of the accuracy grades for the determination of gear performance requires extensive experience with specific applications. Therefore, the users of this standard are cautioned against the direct application of tolerance values to a projected perfor-mance of unassembled (loose) gears when they are assembled. Refer to the latest AGMA Publications Index for applicable standards.

NOTE: Tolerance values for gears outside the limits

stated in this standard should be established by deter-mining the specific application requirements. This may require setting a tolerance smaller than calculated by the formulas in this standard.

2 Normative references

The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this American National Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibil-ity of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below.

AGMA 915--1--A02, Inspection Practices -- Part 1: Cylindrical Gears -- Tangential Measurements AGMA 915--3--A99, Inspection Practices -- Gear Blanks, Shaft Center Distance and Parallelism

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ANSI/AGMA 1012--F90, Gear Nomenclature, Definitions of Terms with Symbols

ANSI/AGMA 2110--A94, Measuring Instrument Calibration -- Part I, Involute Measurement (Metric) ANSI/AGMA 2113--A97, Measuring Instrument Calibration, Gear Tooth Alignment Measurement ANSI/AGMA 2114--A98, Measuring Instrument Calibration, Gear Pitch and Runout Measurements ISO 701:1998, International gear notation --Symbols for geometrical data

3 Symbols, terminology and definitions

The symbols, terminology and definitions pertaining to the tolerances and inspection of spur and helical gear teeth are listed here for use in this standard. For other definitions of geometric terms related to gearing, see ANSI/AGMA 1012--F90.

NOTE: Some of the symbols and terminology

con-tained in this document may differ from those used in other documents and AGMA standards. Users of this standard should assure themselves that they are using the symbols, terminology and definitions in the manner indicated herein.

3.1 Fundamental terms and symbols

The terminology and symbols used in this standard are listed alphabetically by term in table 1, and alphabetically by symbol in table 2.

3.2 Definitions

cumulative pitch deviation, total, F_p The largest algebraic difference between the index deviation values for a specified flank.

Distinction is not made as to the direction or algebraic sign of this reading. Such a distinction would require a purely arbitrary specification of a direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) traveled between the two teeth comprising the total cumula-tive pitch deviation.

Table 1 -- Alphabetical table of terms with symbols, by terms

Terms Symbol Units Where used

Accuracy grade A -- -- 7.1.2

Accuracy grade identifier prefix A -- -- 1

Contact pattern measurement c_p -- -- Table 3

Cumulative pitch deviation, total F_p mm 3.2

Cumulative pitch deviation tolerance, total F_pT mm 7.2.2

Design outside diameter D_o mm Eq 2

Diameter, pitch D mm 1.1

Facewidth (axial) b mm 1.1

Functional profile length L_αc mm 3.2

Gear form filter cutoff λ_g mm Eq 1

Helix angle β deg 1.1

Helix deviation, total F_β mm 3.2

Helix evaluation range L_β mm 3.2

Helix form deviation f_fβ mm 3.2

Helix form tolerance f_fβT mm 7.2.6.3

Helix slope deviation f_Hβ mm 3.2

Helix slope tolerance f_HβT mm 7.2.6.2

Helix tolerance, total F_βT mm 7.2.6.1

Normal module m_n mm 1.1

Number of teeth z -- -- 1.1

Number of pitches in a sector k -- -- Figure 4

Pitch, transverse circular p_t mm Figure 4

Profile deviation, total F_α mm 3.2

Profile form deviation f_fα mm 3.2

Profile form tolerance f_fαT mm 7.2.5.3

Profile slope deviation f_Hα mm 3.2

Profile slope tolerance f_HαT mm 7.2.5.2

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Table 1 (concluded)

Terms Symbol Units Where used

Profile tolerance, total F_αT mm 7.2.5.1

Single flank composite deviation, tooth--to--tooth (filtered) f_is mm 3.2

Single flank composite deviation, total F_is mm 3.2

Single flank composite tolerance, tooth--to--tooth f_isT mm 7.2.3

Single flank composite tolerance, total F_isT mm 7.2.4

Single pitch deviation f_pt mm 3.2

Single pitch deviation tolerance f_ptT mm 7.2.1

Tolerance diameter d_T mm 3.2

Tooth thickness measurement s -- -- Table 3

Table 2 -- Alphabetical table of symbols with terms, by symbols

Symbol Terms Units Where used

A Accuracy grade identifier prefix -- -- 1

A Accuracy grade -- -- 7.1.2

b Facewidth (axial) mm 1.1

c_p Contact pattern measurement -- -- Table 3

D Diameter, pitch mm 1.1

D_o Design outside diameter mm Eq 2

d_T Tolerance diameter mm 3.2

F_is Single flank composite deviation, total mm 3.2

F_isT Single flank composite tolerance, total mm 7.2.4

F_p Cumulative pitch deviation, total mm 3.2

F_pT Cumulative pitch deviation tolerance, total mm 7.2.2

F_α Profile deviation, total mm 3.2

F_αT Profile tolerance, total mm 7.2.5.1

Fβ Helix deviation, total mm 3.2

F_βT Helix tolerance, total mm 7.2.6.1

f_fα Profile form deviation mm 3.2

f_fαT Profile form tolerance mm 7.2.5.3

f_fβ Helix form deviation mm 3.2

f_fβT Helix form tolerance mm 7.2.6.3

f_Hα Profile slope deviation mm 3.2

f_HαT Profile slope tolerance mm 7.2.5.2

f_Hβ Helix slope deviation mm 3.2

f_HβT Helix slope tolerance mm 7.2.6.2

f_is Single flank composite deviation, tooth--to--tooth (filtered) mm 3.2

f_isT Single flank composite tolerance, tooth--to--tooth mm 7.2.3

f_pt Single pitch deviation mm 3.2

f_ptT Single pitch deviation tolerance mm 7.2.1

k Number of pitches in a sector -- -- Figure 4

L_αc Functional profile length mm 3.2

Lβ Helix evaluation range mm 3.2

m_n Normal module mm 1.1

p_t Pitch, transverse circular mm Figure 4

s Tooth thickness measurement -- -- Table 3

z Number of teeth -- -- 1.1

β Helix angle deg 1.1

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This standard specifies direction of tolerancing for total cumulative pitch deviation to be along the arc of the tolerance diameter, d_T, circle within the trans-verse plane. Tolerances for total cumulative pitch deviation are provided by the formula in 7.2.2 of this standard.

datum axis The datum axis of the gear is defined by

the datum surfaces. It is the axis to which the gear details, and in particular the pitch, profile, and helix tolerances are defined. See AGMA 915--3--A99. design helix The helix specified by the designer as shown on the design specification. When not specified, it is an unmodified helix. See figure 1.

--+ --+ --+ + --+ --+ --+

b) Helix form deviation

a) Total helix deviation c) Helix slope deviation

--+

Key

: Design helix : Measured helix : Mean helix line

i) Design helix: unmodified helix

Measured helix: with minus material outside the evaluation range ii) Design helix: modified helix (example)

Measured helix: with minus material outside the evaluation range iii) Design helix: modified helix (example)

Measured helix: with excess of material outside the evaluation range

i) ii) iii) Fβ Fβ ffβ ffβ fHβ fHβ Lβ Lβ b b Lβ Lβ b b Lβ Lβ b b Fβ ffβ Lβ b Lβ b Lβ b fHβ

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design profile The profile specified by the designer as shown on the design specification. When not specified, it is an unmodified involute. See figure 2.

functional profile That portion of the tooth flank between the profile control diameter and the start of tip break, see figure 3.

- - + CD + -TB _TB CD + -CD - - + - - + - - + + - - - - + Key

: Design profile : Measured profile : Mean profile line

TB Start of tip break CD Profile control diameter

i) Design profile: unmodified involute

Measured profile: with minus material outside the evaluation range ii) Design profile: modified involute (example with tip relief only)

Measured profile: with minus material outside the evaluation range iii) Design profile: modified involute (example with full contour)

Measured profile: with excess of material near the tip

Fα Fα Fα Lαc i) ii) iii) ffα ffα ffα fHα fHα fHα + -Lαc Lαc Lαc _Lαc _Lαc Lαc Lαc _Lαc CD TB _TB CD TB CD CD TB TB CD TB CD TB

a) Total profile deviation b) Profile form deviation c) Profile slope deviation Figure 2 -- Profile deviations

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Functional profile Internal tooth Base circle Inside diameter Start of tip break

Pitch diameter Profile control diameter Root diameter External tooth Functional profile Base circle Root diameter Profile control diameter Pitch diameter Start of tip break Outside diameter

Figure 3 -- Functional profile

functional profile length, L_αc The difference between the roll path lengths at the points that define the limits of the functional profile.

gear form filter cutoff, λ_g The wavelength at which either involute profile or helix measurement data are segregated by the low--pass filter, thereby including only longer wavelength deviations.

This filter cutoff should be stated in terms of roll path length. It shall be calculated as follows:

λ_g₌Lαc

30 but not less than 0.25 mm (1) where

λ_g is the gear form filter cutoff, mm.

helix deviation Amount by which a measured helix deviates from the design helix. Deviations caused by plus material outside the helix evaluation range must be included in the calculation of helix form deviation, f_fβ, and total helix deviation, F_β. Minus material outside the helix evaluation range may be ignored. This standard specifies the direction of tolerancing for helix deviation to be in a transverse plane, on a line tangent to the base circle.

helix deviation, total, F_β_ββ_β Distance between two design helix lines which enclose the actual helix trace over the evaluation range, L_β, see figure 1a.

helix evaluation range, Lβ Unless otherwise specified, the helix length of trace shortened at each end by the smaller of the following two values: 5% of the helix length of trace, or the length equal to one module.

NOTE: It is the responsibility of the gear designer to

as-sure that the helix evaluation range is adequate for the application.

helix form deviation, f_fβ Distance between two facsimiles of the mean helix line, which are each placed with constant separation from the mean helix line, so as to enclose the actual helix trace over the evaluation range, Lβ, see figure 1b.

helix length of trace Unless otherwise specified, full facewidth is limited toward the ends of the teeth by the end faces or, if present, the start of end chamfers, rounds, or other modification intended to exclude that portion of the tooth from engagement. The helix length of trace should be stated as the axial component of the helix.

helix slope deviation, f_Hβ Distance between two design helix lines which intersect the mean helix line at the end points of the evaluation range, L_β, see figure 1c.

Deviations are deemed to be positive when helix angles are larger and negative when helix angles are smaller, than the designed helix angle. The helix deviations of spur gears if other than zero are indicated by the subscripts “R” and “L”, instead of an algebraic sign, implying deviations in the sense of right or left helices respectively.

index deviation The displacement of any tooth flank from its theoretical position, relative to a datum tooth flank, see figure 4.

Distinction is made as to the direction and algebraic sign of this reading. A condition wherein the actual tooth flank position was nearer to the datum tooth flank, in the specified measuring path direction (clockwise or counterclockwise), than the theoretical position would be considered a minus (--) deviation. A condition wherein the actual tooth flank position was farther from the datum tooth flank, in the specified measuring path direction, than the theoret-ical position would be considered a plus (+) devi-ation.

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Index deviation theoretical actual p_t +f_pt k ⋅ pt

Figure 4 -- Pitch deviations This standard specifies direction of tolerancing for

index deviation to be along the arc of the tolerance diameter, d_T, circle within the transverse plane. mean helix line A line (or curve) that has the same shape as the design helix, but aligned with the measured trace. It is developed by subtracting the ordinates of a straight--line gradient from the ordi-nates of the design helix. Within the evaluation range, Lβ, the straight--line gradient is found by

applying the least squares method to the deviation of the measured helix trace from the specified design helix.

NOTE: This helix is an aid in the determination of the

deviations f_fβ(figure 1b) and f_Hβ(figure 1c).

mean profile line A line (or curve) that has the same shape as the design profile, but aligned with the measured trace. It is developed by subtracting the ordinates of a straight--line gradient from the ordi-nates of the design profile. Within the functional profile length, L_αc, the straight--line gradient is found by applying the least squares method to the devi-ation of the measured profile trace from the specified design profile.

NOTE: This profile is an aid in the determination of ffα

(figure 2b) and f_Hα(figure 2c).

profile control diameter A specified diameter of the circle beyond which the tooth profile must conform to the specified involute curve. See functional profile.

profile deviation Amount by which a measured profile deviates from the design profile. Deviations caused by plus material beyond the tip break must

be included in the calculation of the profile form deviation, f_fα, and total profile deviation, Fα. Minus

material beyond the tip break may be ignored. This standard specifies the direction of tolerancing for profile deviation to be in a transverse plane, on a line tangent to the base circle.

profile deviation, total, F_α_α_α_α Distance between two design profile lines which enclose the actual profile trace over the functional profile length, L_αc, see figure 2a.

profile evaluation range The profile is evaluated over the specified functional profile length.

profile form deviation, f_fα_α_α_α Distance between two facsimiles of the mean profile line, which are each placed with constant separation from the mean profile line, so as to enclose the actual profile trace over the functional profile length, L_αc, see figure 2b. profile slope deviation, f_Hα_α_α_α Distance between two design profile lines which intersect the mean profile line at the endpoints of the functional profile length, L_αc, see figure 2c.

The profile slope deviation is deemed to be positive and the corresponding pressure angle deviation is deemed to be negative when the mean profile line shows an increase in material toward the tooth tip, relative to the design profile.

roll path length The linear distance along a base tangent line from its intersection with the base circle to the given point on the involute curve in the transverse plane.

NOTE: Roll path length is an alternative to roll angle for

specification of selected diameter positions on an invo-lute profile.

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single flank composite test A test of transmission error, performed where mating gears are rolled together, at their proper center distance, with backlash, and with only the driving and driven flanks in contact. Deviations are measured in terms of angular displacement and converted to linear dis-placement at the pitch radius.

single flank composite deviation, tooth--to--tooth (filtered), f_is The value of the greatest single flank composite deviation over any one pitch (360/z), after removal of the long term component (sinusoidal effect of eccentricity), during a single flank compos-ite test, when the gear is moved through one revolution.

single flank composite deviation, total, F_is The maximum measured transmission error range, dur-ing a sdur-ingle flank composite test, when the gear is moved through one revolution.

single pitch deviation, f_pt The displacement of any tooth flank from its theoretical position relative to the corresponding flank of an adjacent tooth, see figure 4.

Distinction is made as to the algebraic sign of this reading. Thus, a condition wherein the actual tooth flank position was nearer to the adjacent tooth flank than the theoretical position would be considered a minus (--) deviation. A condition wherein the actual tooth flank position was farther from the adjacent tooth flank than the theoretical position would be considered a plus (+) deviation.

This standard specifies tolerancing direction of measurement for single pitch deviation to be along the arc of the tolerance diameter, d_T, circle within the transverse plane. Tolerances for single pitch devi-ation are provided by the formula in 7.2.1 of this standard.

start of tip break Minimum specified diameter at which the tip break can occur. See ANSI/AGMA 1012--F90.

tolerance diameter, d_T The diameter located one normal module below the design outside diameter, thereby being approximately at mid--height.

d_T_{= D}_o_{− 2m}_n (2)

where:

d_T is tolerance diameter, mm; D_o is design outside diameter, mm; m_n is normal module, mm.

The location of pitch and helix measurements shall be at the tolerance diameter. See 4.3.3.

transmission error The deviation of the position of the driven gear, for a given angular position of the driving gear, from the position that the driven gear would occupy if the gears were geometrically perfect.

4 Manufacturing and purchasing

considerations

This standard provides classification tolerances and measuring methods for unassembled gears. This clause presents considerations for control of the various phases of manufacturing, including the recommended methods of measurement control. These methods provide the manufacturer and purchaser with recommendations for verifying the accuracy of a manufactured product, as well as information relative to the interpretation of measure-ment data.

Some design and application considerations may warrant measuring or documentation not normally available in standard manufacturing processes. Specific requirements are to be stated in the contractual documents.

In the previous (AGMA 2000--A88) classification system, higher AGMA accuracy numbers desig-nated higher precision. In this standard, lower AGMA accuracy grades designate higher precision in order to be consistent with international standards. To avoid confusion, the designator “A” shall be used when specifying accuracy grades from this standard.

4.1 Manufacturing certification

Certification of variations in accordance with the gear’s specific AGMA accuracy grade and inspec-tion charts or data can be requested as part of the purchase contract.

The manufacturing of gearing to a specified accura-cy may or may not include specific measurements. When applications warrant, detailed specific measurements, data analysis, and additional considerations may be necessary to establish acceptance criteria for a gear. The specific methods of measurement, documentation of accuracy grade, and other geometric tolerances of a gear are

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normally considered items which are to be mutually agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser. For information on the use of statistical process control (SPC), see annex C.

NOTE: Specifying an AGMA accuracy grade or

mea-surement criteria that requires closer tolerances than required by the application may increase the cost unnecessarily.

4.2 Process control

Process control is defined as the method by which gear accuracy is maintained through control of each individual step of the manufacturing process. Upon completion of all manufacturing operations, a spe-cific gear has been given an inherent level of accuracy; this level of accuracy was established during the manufacturing process, and it is totally independent of any final inspection.

Process control includes elements such as manufacturing planning, maintenance of machine tools, cutting tool selection and maintenance, heat treatment control, and accuracy assurance pro-grams, as needed, to achieve and maintain the necessary gear accuracy. When properly applied, gears manufactured by specific control techniques will be found to be of uniform accuracy. Therefore, little or no final inspection may be necessary for a gear, particularly in some classification levels;

assur-ance of the necessary accuracy having been built--in through careful manufacturing control at each step.

NOTE: Documentation may be deemed unnecessary

for products manufactured under process control when inspection records are not specified in the purchase contract.

With proper application of process control, relatively few measurements may be made on any one gear. For example, tooth size may be evaluated by a measurement on only two or three sections of a given gear. It is assumed that these measurements are representative of all the teeth on the gear. Gears made in quantity may be inspected at various steps in their manufacturing process on a sampling basis. It is possible that a specific gear can pass through the entire production process without ever having been measured. Based on appropriate confidence in the applied process control, the manufacturer of that gear must be able to certify that its accuracy is equal to those gears that were measured.

4.3 Measurement methods

Gear geometry may be measured by a number of alternate methods as shown in table 3. The selection of the particul

ar method depends on the magnitude of the tolerance, the size of the gear, the production quantities, equipment available, accuracy of gear blanks, and measurement costs.

Table 3 -- Reference for methods and tolerances Parameter

symbol Measurement description

Location of tolerance (clause) Elemental: F_p f_pt F_α f_fα f_Hα Fβ f_fβ f_Hβ

Cumulative pitch, total Single pitch Profile, total Profile form Profile slope Helix, total Helix form Helix slope 7.2.2 7.2.1 7.2.5.1 7.2.5.3 7.2.5.2 7.2.6.1 7.2.6.3 7.2.6.2 Composite: F_is f_is c_p

Single flank composite, total

Single flank composite, tooth--to--tooth Contact pattern 7.2.4 7.2.3 --Size: s Tooth thickness

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--The manufacturer or the purchaser may wish to measure one or more of the geometric features of a gear to verify its accuracy grade. A gear which is specified to an AGMA accuracy grade must meet all the individual tolerance requirements applicable to the particular accuracy grade and size as noted in tables 4 and 5. Unless otherwise specified, all measurements are taken and evaluated at the

tolerance diameter, dT, as specified in 3.2.

Normally the tolerances apply to both sides of the teeth unless only one side is specified as the loaded side. In some cases, the loaded side may specify higher accuracy than the nonloaded or minimum--loaded side; if applicable, this information is to be specified on the gear engineering drawing (see 4.4.6).

Table 4 -- Gear types and measurement methods Accuracy group Grade designator Minimum acceptable

parameters Alternative method Group M

Low (L)( ) A10--A11 F_p_p, f, f_pt_pt, s, Group H

s, radial method1)

Medium (M) A6--A9 F_p, f_pt, s, F_α, Fβ Group H

High (H) A2--A5 F_p, fpt, s F_α, f_fα, f_Hα Fβ, ffβ, fHβ c_p, F_is, f_is, s NOTE:

1) _{See ANSI/AGMA ISO 1328--2.}

Table 5 -- Minimum number of measurements

Method designator Typical measuring Minimum number of requirements for1)

Method designator yp _method g _{Group L} _{Group M} _{Group H}

Elemental:

F_p: Cumulative pitch, total Two probe Single probe All teeth All teeth All teeth All teeth All teeth All teeth

f_pt: Single pitch Two probe

Single probe All teeth All teeth All teeth All teeth All teeth All teeth F_α: Profile, total f_fα: Profile form f_Hα: Profile slope

Profile test -- -- 3 teeth 4 teeth

Fβ: Helix, total

f_fβ: Helix form f_Hβ: Helix slope

Helix test -- -- 3 teeth 4 teeth

Composite:

F_is: Single flank composite, total All teeth All teeth All teeth

f_is: Single flank composite,

tooth--to--tooth All teeth All teeth All teeth

c_p: Contact pattern 3 places 3 places 3 places

Sizes:

s: Tooth thickness Tooth caliper

Measurement over or between pins

Span measurement Composite action test

2 teeth 1 place 1 place All teeth 3 teeth 1 place 2 places All teeth 4 teeth 2 places 3 places All teeth NOTE:

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If prior agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser specifies measurement of gears, unless otherwise specified, the manufacturer may select:

-- the measurement method to be used from among the applicable methods described in AGMA 915--1--A02 and summarized in table 4; -- the piece of measurement equipment to be used by the selected measurement method, pro-vided it is in proper calibration;

-- the individual teeth to be measured, as long as they are approximately equally spaced and meet the minimum number required by the method as summarized in table 5.

NOTE: This standard provides tolerances for

unas-sembled gears. The measurement of gearing mated in an assembly for a specific application is beyond the scope of this document.

4.3.1 Equipment verification

Equipment used for the elemental measurement of product gears should be verified periodically accord-ing to standard calibration procedures such as those in ANSI/AGMA 2110--A94, ANSI/AGMA 2113--A97 and ANSI/AGMA 2114--A98. This should also include a determination of the uncertainty of the measuring process.

4.3.2 Recommended measurement control methods

The recommended methods of measurement con-trol for each AGMA accuracy grade and type of measurement are listed in tables 4 and 5.

NOTE: No particular method of measurement or

docu-mentation is considered mandatory unless specifically agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser. When applications require measurements beyond those recommended in this standard, special measure-ment methods must be negotiated prior to manufactur-ing the gear.

4.3.3 Considerations for elemental measurements

Before elemental measurement values can be compared with tolerance values, certain operational parameters of the measurement instrument must be known. This includes:

-- datum axis; -- direction of measurement; -- direction of tolerancing; -- tolerancing diameter; -- data filtering; -- data density.

In some cases, measurement instruments follow the minimum requirements by default. When other conditions exist, it is required that causes of the resulting measurement differences are known and compensated.

It is important to distinguish between measurement location (the tolerance diameter), measurement direction, and tolerancing direction. In this standard, the tolerancing direction for pitch measurements is along the arc of the tolerance diameter, d_T, circle within the transverse plane, while the tolerancing direction for helix is tangent to the base circle within the transverse plane.

4.3.3.1 Datum axis

Specification of the design profile, design helix, and design pitch requires definition of an appropriate reference axis of rotation, called the datum axis. It is defined by specification of datum surfaces. See AGMA 915--3--A99.

The datum axis determines tooth geometry, thereby being the reference for measurements and associat-ed tolerances. The location and orientation of the tolerance diameter circle are determined by the datum axis.

4.3.3.2 Direction of measurement

Measurements of the shape or the position of any surface can be made in a direction normal to that surface, inclined at some angle, or along the arc of a specified circle.

Common metrology practice is to measure in a direction normal to the surface being tested. At any point on a gear tooth surface, the normal vector is oriented 1) tangent to the base cylinder of the gear, and 2) inclined relative to the transverse plane at the base helix angle. Measurements taken in this direction have the following characteristics:

-- Measurements will always be the smallest when the direction of measurement is normal to the surface. Measurements at any other inclination will be larger.

-- Measurements made in the normal direction are not affected by the tolerancing diameter selected by the test operator.

-- Measurements taken in other directions may be affected by force vectors acting upon the probe mechanism.

-- As gear teeth move through mesh, the lines (or points) of contact between mating tooth

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surfaces proceed along lines of action within the plane of action. Measurements made in the normal direction coincide with this direction of tooth meshing motion. When converted to angu-lar units of measure, they correlate well with transmission errors.

It is important to understand that various gear measuring instruments use different testing proce-dures, some measuring in the normal direction, some measuring in other directions.

4.3.3.3 Direction of tolerancing

Tolerances on the shape or the position of gear tooth surfaces must specify the direction in which given measurements are to be considered. This specified direction, called the tolerancing direction, may be normal to that surface, inclined at some angle, or along the arc of a specified circle. When the tolerancing direction is inclined at some angle to the normal direction, it is specified by two parameters:

-- the diameter to which the measurements shall be tangent;

-- the angle of inclination, relative to the transverse plane.

In this standard the tolerancing direction varies with the given toleranced elemental parameter. Toler-ancing direction requirements are listed in 3.2. Original measurement values must be compensated if the actual measurement direction and the toleranc-ing direction specified for the given parameter are different.

When the measurement instrument’s direction of measurement is normal and the tolerancing direc-tion is other than normal, measurement values must be increased before analysis and comparison to tolerances. Typically, the factor for this adjustment is the cosine of the angle between the normal direction and the specified tolerancing direction. For exam-ple, when testing helix with a normal direction of measurement (within the base tangent plane) the measurement values must be divided by the cosine of the base helix angle to compensate those values to the transverse plane as required by clauses 3 and 7.

Measurement values from elemental test instru-ments that measure in a direction other than normal and not in the specified tolerancing direction, require more complex adjustments before comparison to tolerances.

4.3.3.4 Tolerance diameter

This standard specifies the tolerance diameter, d_T, as defined in 3.2 as the location for measurement of helix and pitch parameters. Also see 4.3.3.2 and 4.3.3.3.

4.3.3.5 Measurement data filtering

Any tooth surface will exhibit a wide spectrum of deviations from the specified tooth flank form. This includes, at one extreme, those of long duration, such as a general concavity. At the other end of the spectrum are short duration irregularities, such as surface roughness. Measurement and control of short duration roughness is beyond the scope of this standard. See ISO/TR 10064--4.

This standard requires modification of original mea-surement values for involute profile and helix param-eters so as to include only long duration irregularities before analysis and comparison to tolerances. This modification is called low--pass filtering. It will minimize or exclude all irregularities with lengths shorter than the specified filter cutoff wave-length. The filter cutoff specified by this standard is the gear form filter cutoff, λg, as defined in 3.2.

The actual filter type and attenuation should be indicated on the data sheet. A Gaussian type filter with 50% attenuation of cut--off is recommended. See Annex D for additional information.

4.3.3.6 Measurement data density

Measurement data density is closely related to measurement data filtering in that the data sampling rate limits the wavelength of surface irregularities that can be observed. The number of data points included in the evaluation length should be shown on the inspection record. This standard therefore requires that involute profile measurement data sets include a minimum of 200 samples. Helix measure-ment data sets include a minimum of 200 samples or 5 Lβ/ λg, whichever is greater, in order to ensure that

the filter is effective.

4.3.4 Tooth contact pattern inspections

Checking tooth contact patterns with a mate or master gear is a method of inspection of either assembled gears, or gears mounted on a gear testing machine. It provides an indication of compat-ible tooth shape, both up and down the tooth profile, and lengthwise on the tooth. It evaluates that portion of the gear tooth surface which actually makes contact with its mate. With this technique, the areas that contact can be observed by coating the teeth with a very thin layer of marking compound and

(19)

meshing the gears, see AGMA 915--1--A02. A judgement of compatibility may be made by the position and size of the contact area. It does not necessarily indicate compatible tooth shape for loaded conditions. Axial runout may also be indicated by a shifting of the tooth contact from side to side, progressively around the gear. This test can include the effect of tooth element variations, such as a variation in helix. This standard does not provide tolerances relating these tests to gear accuracy.

4.3.5 Inspection by sound test

The accuracy of a pair of gears may also be evaluated by running them in a suitable sound testing machine. The acceptability is characterized by periodic variation in sound during each revolution, or high levels of noise. This standard does not provide specific limits for this test, which is normally based on experience.

4.4 Additional considerations

When specifying the accuracy of a gear, there are additional or special considerations that must be reviewed. These considerations may include items such as:

-- backlash allowances in tooth thickness; -- materials furnished by the purchaser; -- matching gears as sets;

-- master gears for composite measurement; -- replacement gearing;

-- modified AGMA accuracy grade;

-- center distance and backlash markings on gear and pinion;

-- record of tooth contact patterns by photographs, transfer tapes, etc.

The listed items and other special considerations are to be reviewed and agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser.

4.4.1 Backlash

An individual gear does not have backlash. Back-lash is only present when one gear mates with another. The backlash of a gear set is based on the tooth thickness of each member in mesh, as well as the center distance at which the gears are assembled. The functional backlash is dependent upon the tolerances of tooth thickness, runout, tooth geometry, and center distance.

The methods of determining the backlash required for individual applications are beyond the scope of this standard (for additional information see ANSI/ AGMA 2002--B88).

4.4.2 Material furnished by the purchaser When heat treating operations are required, the gear manufacturer shall assume the responsibility for the final accuracy only when the material furnished is in accordance with the agreed upon material specifica-tions.

4.4.3 Matching gears as sets

Matched sets can be provided, usually at extra cost, and are required in many applications. In such a case, the purchaser must agree on the details of the additional specifications concerning how the match-ing is to be performed and verified. Applications requiring high accuracy gearing may necessitate the matching, or modifying, of pinion and gear profiles and helix such that the matched set is satisfactory for the application.

NOTE: This standard provides tolerances for

unas-sembled gears only. The inspection of gearing mated in an assembly for a specific application is beyond the scope of this standard. The matching process for such gears sold as pairs assumes greater importance than the individual absolute measurements.

4.4.4 Master gears for composite action tests A master gear may be used for single flank composite tests. A master gear is a gear of known accuracy, designed specifically to mesh with the gear to be inspected for composite variation. The design, accuracy, and cost of a master gear must be negotiated between the manufacturer and purchas-er. Usually, a specific master is required for each different production gear design. Providing or manufacturing a special master gear must be scheduled to be available when the manufactured gear is to be inspected by composite measurements. 4.4.5 Replacement gearing

For replacement gearing, the performance obtained from the previous gearing should be evaluated. If satisfactory, replace with similar material and accu-racy. If improved performance is desired, modifica-tions of material, heat treatment, and accuracy level should be considered. Consult with the manufactur-er for appropriate recommendations.

4.4.6 Modified AGMA accuracy grade

Conditions may require that one or more of the individual elements or composite tolerances be of a lower or higher accuracy grade than the other

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tolerances. In such cases, it is possible to modify the accuracy grade to include an accuracy grade for each gear element or composite tolerance.

4.4.7 Additional criteria

Gear blank dimensions supplied by the purchaser must be mutually agreed upon to permit the gear manufacturer to hold the tolerances for the specified accuracy grade. See AGMA 915--3--A99.

4.5 Acceptance criteria

The tolerances, methods, and definitions contained in this standard prevail unless contractual agree-ments between the manufacturer and purchaser contain specific exceptions.

4.5.1 Evaluation of accuracy grade

The overall accuracy grade of a gear is determined by the largest accuracy grade number measured for any toleranced parameter specified for the gear by this standard.

5 Application of the AGMA classification

system

5.1 Basis of classification system

The AGMA classification system is an alpha numeric code which contains two items, accuracy grade and prefix. The AGMA classification number shall consist of a prefix letter “A” identifying the tolerance source, and an accuracy grade identifying the specific tolerances. An example of how to establish an AGMA classification number for a given set of conditions is presented in figure 5.

Ten accuracy grades are provided in this standard, numbered A2 through A11 in order of decreasing precision.

5.2 Additional characteristics

In certain applications there may be additional characteristics that may require tolerances in order to assure satisfactory performance. For example, if dimensions for tooth thickness or surface finish tolerances are desirable in order to assure satisfac-tory performance in special applications, such dimensions and tolerances should appear on draw-ings or purchase specifications. Methods of measur-ing some of these characteristics are discussed in AGMA 915--1--A02, and in the annexes.

5.3 Accuracy tolerances

The tolerances for each item that govern the accuracy of gears are calculated by the equations given in clause 7.

6 Measuring methods and practices

The measuring methods and practices for spur and helical gears can be found in AGMA 915--1--A02.

7 Tolerance values

The tolerance values for each item that govern the accuracy are calculated by the equations given in 7.2. For convenience, some tolerance tables are provided in annex A, and additional tables covering all tolerances, grades, and sizes in both metric and U.S. customary units are available in the Supple-mental Tables for AGMA 2015/915--1--A02.

Tolerance source identifier

Indicates the tolerances in ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01. The letter Q was used to designate tolerances from AGMA 2000--A88 and 390.03. If no letter is shown, tolerances in AGMA 390.01 or 390.02 apply. (See clauses 1 and 4.)

Accuracy grade

This integer (ranging from 2 through 11) identifies the accuracy level of the tolerances. (See clauses 6 and 7.)

Accuracy grade

Typical AGMA grade number

A 5

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Values outside the limits of the equations are beyond the scope of this standard and are not to be extrapolated. The specific tolerances for such gears are to be agreed upon by the buyer and the seller. 7.1 Use of equations

7.1.1 Range of application

Unless otherwise stated, the range of the application is as per 1.1.

7.1.2 Step factor

The step factor between two consecutive grades is 2

 . Values of the next higher (or lower) grade are determined by multiplying (or dividing) by 2 . The required value for any accuracy grade may be determined by multiplying the unrounded calculated value for grade 5 by 2 A−5where A is the number of the required accuracy grade.

7.1.3 Rounding rules

Values calculated from the equations in 7.2 are to be rounded as follows:

-- If greater than 10 micrometers, round to the nearest integer micrometer;

-- If 5.0 micrometers or greater but less than or equal to 10 micrometers, round to the nearest 0.5 micrometer;

-- If less than 5.0 micrometers, round to the nearest 0.1 micrometer.

NOTE: If the measuring instrument reads in inches,

values calculated from the equations in 7.2 are to be converted to ten thousandths of an inch and then rounded according to the rules for micrometers (i.e., substitute the word tenths for micrometers in the rules above).

7.2 Tolerance equations

The single pitch deviation tolerance and total cumu-lative pitch deviation tolerance equations for diame-ters greater than 400 mm are identical to the corresponding equations in ISO 1328--1, except in all cases, the actual values for module, diameter and face width shall be used (in all equations) rather than the geometrical mean values which are used to generate the tolerance tables in ISO 1328--1. For smaller gears the change in tolerance as diameter decreases is less than ISO 1328--1, with the resulting value slightly higher for a given diameter.

The equations for the single flank composite toler-ances are different from the corresponding tangen-tial composite equations in ISO 1328--1. Calculated values for tooth--to--tooth single flank composite tolerance have been reduced to account for the filtered analysis used within this standard.

7.2.1 Single pitch deviation tolerance, f_ptT Single pitch deviation, f_ptT, is to be calculated according to equation 3 or 4.

For gears with 5

_≤

d_T

_≤

400 mm

f_ptT₌



0.3m_n_{+ 0.003d}_T_{+ 5.2}



_×



2



A−5₍₃₎ For gears with 400

<

d_T

_≤

10 000 mm

f_ptT₌



0.3m_n_{+ 0.12 d}



_T_{+ 4}

<

d_T

_≤

10 000 mm

F_pT₌



0.3m_n_{+ 1.25 d}



_T_{+ 7}



_×





2



A−5

(22)

where the range of application is restricted as follows if f_isTis specified:

_≤

m_n

_≤

3.2 m _n_{+ 0.22 d}

_

_T_{+ 0.7}



_×



2



A−5 (9) 7.2.5.2 Profile slope tolerance, f_Hα_α_α_αT

50

5

_≤

z

_≤

d_T

_≤

4000 mm

4

_≤

b

_≤

1000 mm

A−5 (14)

8 Master gears

Master gears are used mainly for composite error testing. The determining of individual deviations in cylindrical gears calls for special equipment. In addition, the master gears can also be used for verifying gear testers.

The calibration certificates of master gears shall contain detailed results of all the required measured values, uncertainty for each measured value, and the measurement conditions. Master gears shall conform to clause 7 tolerances, for accuracy grade 2, 3 or 4.

Master gears of accuracy grade 2 are recommended for verifying gear testers and checking production gears primarily of grades 4 and 5. Master gears of grade 3 are recommended for checking gears primarily of grade 6 and 7. Master gears of grade 4 are recommended for checking gears of grade 8 and higher.

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Annex A

(informative)

Tolerance tables

[The foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, are provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA2015--1--A01, Accuracy Classification System -- Tangential Measurements for

Cylindrical Gears.] A.1 Purpose

This annex provides a graphical presentation of the values for tolerances of accuracy grade 5. These tables are calculated from the equations in 7.2, but

should not be interpolated or extrapolated. For more detailed tables of diameter, number of teeth and module, see Supplemental Tables for AGMA 2015/915--1--A02.

Table A.1 -- Spur and helical gear classification, single pitch deviation tolerance, f_ptT, grade 5 Table values in micrometers

Tooth size Tolerance diameter, mm

Diametral pitch Module 100 200 300 400 600 800 1000 50.8 0.5 5.5 6.0 -- -- -- -- --25.4 1 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.5 -- -- --12.7 2 6.0 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 --8.5 3 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 8.5 6.4 4 6.5 7.0 7.5 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 5.1 5 7.0 7.5 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 4.2 6 7.5 7.5 8.0 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 3.6 7 7.5 8.0 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10 3.2 8 8.0 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10 10 2.8 9 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.0 9.5 10 10 2.5 10 8.5 9.0 9.0 9.5 10 10 11 1.7 15 10 11 11 11 11 12 12 1.3 20 12 12 12 12 13 13 14 1.0 25 -- 14 14 14 14 15 15 0.5 50 -- -- 21 21 22 22 23 Tolerance diameter, mm fptT ,m ic ro m et ers 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1 module 20 module 50 module

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Table A.2 -- Spur and helical gear classification, cumulative pitch deviation tolerance, total, F_pT, grade 5

Table values in micrometers

Diametral pitch Module 100 200 300 400 600 800 1000 50.8 0.5 23 26 -- -- -- -- --25.4 1 23 26 29 32 -- -- --12.7 2 24 27 30 33 38 43 --8.5 3 24 27 30 33 39 43 47 6.4 4 24 27 30 33 39 44 48 5.1 5 25 28 31 34 39 44 48 4.2 6 25 28 31 34 39 44 48 3.6 7 25 28 31 34 40 44 49 3.2 8 25 28 31 34 40 45 49 2.8 9 26 29 32 35 40 45 49 2.5 10 26 29 32 35 41 45 50 1.7 15 28 31 34 37 42 47 51 1.3 20 29 32 35 38 44 48 53 1.0 25 -- 34 37 40 45 50 54 0.5 50 -- -- 44 47 53 57 62 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Tolerance diameter, mm FpT ,m ic ro m et ers 1 module 20 module 50 module

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Table A.3 -- Spur and helical gear classification, single flank composite tolerance, tooth to tooth,

f_isT, grade 5

Diametral pitch Module 80 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 50.8 0.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --25.4 1 2.3 2.6 3.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --12.7 2 2.3 2.7 3.3 3.9 4.5 -- -- -- -- -- --8.5 3 2.3 2.7 3.3 3.9 4.5 5.0 5.5 -- -- -- --6.4 4 2.4 2.7 3.3 3.9 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.5 7.0 -- --5.1 5 2.4 2.8 3.4 4.0 4.6 5.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 4.2 6 2.4 2.8 3.4 4.0 4.6 5.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 3.6 7 2.5 2.8 3.4 4.0 4.6 5.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 3.2 8 2.5 2.8 3.4 4.0 4.6 5.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 2.8 9 2.5 2.9 3.5 4.1 4.7 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.5 2.5 10 2.5 2.9 3.7 4.1 4.7 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.5 1.7 15 2.7 3.1 3.8 4.3 4.9 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.5 8.0 8.5 1.3 20 2.8 3.2 3.8 4.4 5.0 5.5 6.0 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 1.0 25 -- 3.4 4.0 4.6 5.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 9.0 0.5 50 -- -- 4.7 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.5 9.0 9.5 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 Tolerance diameter, mm fisT ,m ic ro m et ers 1 module 20 module 50 module

Figure A.3 -- Spur and helical gear classification, single flank composite tolerance, tooth to tooth, grade 5

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Table A.4 -- Spur and helical gear classification, single flank composite tolerance, total, F_isT, grade 5

Diametral pitch Module 80 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 50.8 0.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --25.4 1 25 29 36 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --12.7 2 25 29 36 42 49 -- -- -- -- -- --8.5 3 26 30 36 43 49 56 63 -- -- -- --6.4 4 26 30 37 43 50 56 63 70 76 -- --5.1 5 26 30 37 43 50 57 63 70 76 83 90 4.2 6 27 31 37 44 50 57 64 70 77 83 90 3.6 7 27 31 38 44 51 57 64 71 77 84 90 3.2 8 27 31 38 44 51 58 64 71 77 84 91 2.8 9 28 32 38 45 51 58 65 71 78 84 91 2.5 10 28 32 39 45 52 58 65 72 78 85 91 1.7 15 30 34 40 47 53 60 67 73 80 86 93 1.3 20 31 35 42 48 55 62 68 75 81 88 95 1.0 25 -- 37 43 50 57 63 70 76 83 90 96 0.5 50 -- -- 52 58 65 72 78 85 91 98 105 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 Tolerance diameter, mm Fis T ,m ic ro m et ers 1 module 20 module 50 module

ANSI_AGMA_2015-1-A01

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Accuracy Classification System

-Tangential Measurements for Cylindrical

Gears

Gears

ANSI/AGMA 2015--1--A01

[Revision of ANSI/AGMA 2000--A88]

ABSTRACT

American Gear Manufacturers Association

1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 22314

American

National

Standard

Contents

Annexes

Figures

Tables

Foreword

PERSONNEL of the AGMA Inspection and Handbook Committee

ACTIVE MEMBERS

ASSOCIATE MEMBERS

American National Standard

--Accuracy Classification

System -- Tangential

Measurements for

Cylindrical Gears

1 Scope

2 Normative references

3 Symbols, terminology and definitions

4 Manufacturing and purchasing

considerations

5 Application of the AGMA classification

system

6 Measuring methods and practices

7 Tolerance values

Tolerance source identifier

Accuracy grade

Typical AGMA grade number

A 5

≤

≤









<

≤











≤

≤

≤

≤

≤

≤

≤

≤









<

≤











≤

≤

≤

≤

≤

≤





_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_

_

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤

_≤