En 1337 10 2003 Structural Bearings

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reprinted reprinted Nov Novembemberer 2003 2003

Structural bearings —

Part 10: Inspection

Part 10: Inspection and maintenance

and maintenance

The European Standard EN 1337-10:2003 has the status of a The European Standard EN 1337-10:2003 has the status of a Bri

Britistishh StaStandarndardd

ICS 91.010.30 ICS 91.010.30

      

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This British Standard, was This British Standard, was published under the authority published under the authority of the Standards Policy and of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on Strategy Committee on 24

24 JuJulyly 20200303

ISBN 0 580 42319 0 ISBN 0 580 42319 0

National foreword

This British Standard is the official English language version of This British Standard is the official English language version of EN

EN 13371337-10:-10:2002003.3.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/522, Structural bearings, which has the responsibility to:

B/522, Structural bearings, which has the responsibility to:

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on

request to its secretary. request to its secretary. Cross-references Cross-references

The British Standards which implement international or European The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the

publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the

by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British or of British Standards Online.

Standards Online.

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunityitself confer immunity from legal obligations.

from legal obligations. —

— aid enquirers to understand the text;aid enquirers to understand the text; —

— present to the responsible international/European committee anypresent to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals f

enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals f or change, and keep theor change, and keep the UK interests informed;

UK interests informed; —

— monitor related international and European developments andmonitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.

promulgate them in the UK.

Summary of pages Summary of pages

This document comprises a front cover, an in

This document comprises a front cover, an in side front cover, the EN title page,side front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 17, an inside back cover and a back cover.

pages 2 to 17, an inside back cover and a back cover.

The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.

document was last issued.

Amendments issued since p

Amendments issued since publicationublication Amd. No.

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NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

_{July 2003}

ICS 91.010.30 ICS 91.010.30

English version

Structural Bearings - Part 10: Inspection and maintenance

A

Appppaarreeiills s dd''aappppuui i ssttrruuccttuurraauux x - - PPaarrttiie e 1100: : SSuurrvveeiillllaannccee LLaaggeer r iim m BBaauuwweesseen n - - TTeeiil l 1100: : IInnssppeekkttiioon n uunndd Instandhaltung

Instandhaltung

This European Standard was approved by CEN

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 June 2003.on 12 June 2003. CEN members are bound

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanRegulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a

Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationallists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.

standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by any other language made by translationtranslation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION C O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A L I S A T I O N C O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A L I S A T I O N E U R O P Ä I S C H E S K O M I T E E F Ü R N O R M U N G E U R O P Ä I S C H E S K O M I T E E F Ü R N O R M U N G

Management

Management Centre: Centre: rue rue de de Stassart, Stassart, 36 36 B-1050 BB-1050 Brusselsrussels

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Foreword

This document (EN 1337-10:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 167 "Structural bearings", This document (EN 1337-10:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 167 "Structural bearings", the secretariat of which is held by UNI.

the secretariat of which is held by UNI.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by endorsement, at the latest by January 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2004.

by January 2004.

The entire European Standard EN 1337 consists of 11 Parts listed here below: The entire European Standard EN 1337 consists of 11 Parts listed here below:

Pa

Part rt 1 1 –– GeGeneneraral l dedesisign gn ruruleless

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Paarrt t 2 2 –– SSlliiddiinng g eelleemmeennttss

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Paarrt t 33 –– EEllaassttoommeerriic c bbeeaarriinnggss

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Paart rt 4 4 –– RRoolllleer r bbeeaarriingngss

P

Paarrt t 55 –– PPoot t bbeeaarriinnggss

P

Paarrt t 66 –– RRoocckkeer r bbeeaarriinnggss

P

Paarrt t 77 –– SSpphheerriiccaal l aannd d ccyylliinnddrriiccaal l PPTTFFE E bbeeaarriinnggss

P

Paarrt t 88 –– GGuuiidde e bbeeaarriinnggs s aannd d rreessttrraaiinnt t bbeeaarriinnggss

P

Paarrt t 9 9 –– PPrrootteeccttiioonn

Par

Part t 10 10 – – InsInspecpectiotion n and and mainmaintenatenancence

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Part rt 11 11 –– TraTransnspoportrt, , ststororagage e anand d ininststallallatatioionn

Annexes A and B are informative. Annexes A and B are informative.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

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1 Scope

This European Standard applies to the inspection and maintenance of bearings designed in accordance with EN This European Standard applies to the inspection and maintenance of bearings designed in accordance with EN 1337-1, when used in the construction of bridges or structures requiring similar bearing systems. It presupposes 1337-1, when used in the construction of bridges or structures requiring similar bearing systems. It presupposes the existence of guidelines for the regular inspection of the whole structure during its service life.

the existence of guidelines for the regular inspection of the whole structure during its service life.

It may also be used as appropriate for the inspection and maintenance of bearings designed and/or installed before It may also be used as appropriate for the inspection and maintenance of bearings designed and/or installed before the introduction of this European Standard.

the introduction of this European Standard.

This European Standard specifies the aspects of each type of bearing that shall be inspected and recorded. It does This European Standard specifies the aspects of each type of bearing that shall be inspected and recorded. It does not specify permissible values. For these reference shall be made to the relevant parts of this European Standard not specify permissible values. For these reference shall be made to the relevant parts of this European Standard and to the drawings and design calculations for the bearing and the structure.

and to the drawings and design calculations for the bearing and the structure.

NOTE

NOTE 11 AttentAttention is drion is drawn to thawn to the parte particular nicular necessiecessity for rty for regular iegular inspectnspection and mion and mainteaintenance onance of bearingf bearings as, withos as, without suchut such inspection and maintenance, premature failure may occur.

inspection and maintenance, premature failure may occur. NOTE

NOTE 22 NationNational regal regulatioulations may ens may exist on xist on the suthe subjects bjects coverecovered by thid by this Euros European Stpean Standard andard and, thand, thereforerefore, they e, they prevaiprevail on it.l on it.

2 2 Normative

Normative references

references

This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).

publication referred to applies (including amendments).

EN 1337–1:2000,

EN 1337–1:2000, Structural bearings – Part 1: General design rules.Structural bearings – Part 1: General design rules.

EN 1337–11: 1997,

EN 1337–11: 1997, Structural bearings – Part 11: Transport, storage and installation.Structural bearings – Part 11: Transport, storage and installation.

3 3 Definitions

Definitions and

and symbols

symbols

For the purposes of this European Standard the following terms and definitions apply: For the purposes of this European Standard the following terms and definitions apply:

3.1 3.1

inspection inspection

regular observation, noting and reporting regular observation, noting and reporting

3.1.1 3.1.1

regular inspection regular inspection

close visual inspection without measurements, spaced at equal, resonably frequent, intervals close visual inspection without measurements, spaced at equal, resonably frequent, intervals

3.1.2 3.1.2

principal inspection principal inspection

similar to a regular inspection but in more detail and including precise measurement similar to a regular inspection but in more detail and including precise measurement

3.2 3.2

maintenance maintenance

servicing and replacement servicing and replacement

3.2.1 3.2.1 servicing servicing

cleaning, greasing, painting and repair of minor defects cleaning, greasing, painting and repair of minor defects

3.2.2 3.2.2

replacement replacement

renewal of major parts of a bearing or of the entire bearing renewal of major parts of a bearing or of the entire bearing

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3 3..3

3 S

Sy

ym

mb

bo

olls

s

h

h protrusion of PTFEprotrusion of PTFE

v

v xx displacement in the main direction of movement of the structuredisplacement in the main direction of movement of the structure

v

v yy displacement transverse to the main direction of movement of the structuredisplacement transverse to the main direction of movement of the structure

α

α _x_x angle of rotation in the main direction of movement of the structureangle of rotation in the main direction of movement of the structure

α

α _y_y angle of rotation transverse to the main direction of movement of the structureangle of rotation transverse to the main direction of movement of the structure

s

s 11 clearance to allow rotational movementclearance to allow rotational movement

s

s 22 clearance between vertical surfacesclearance between vertical surfaces

s

s 33 clearance between guide surfacesclearance between guide surfaces

s

s 44 clearance of vertical movements of the structureclearance of vertical movements of the structure

4 4 General

General requirements

requirements for

for regular

regular and

and principal

principal inspections

inspections

The condition of the bearings in a structure shall be checked visually, at least as often as the regular inspection of The condition of the bearings in a structure shall be checked visually, at least as often as the regular inspection of the structure (or failing this at the time of the principal inspection) or if the construction work is not subject to regular the structure (or failing this at the time of the principal inspection) or if the construction work is not subject to regular inspection, by an inspector, with competent knowledge of bearings, at least as frequently as the structure is inspection, by an inspector, with competent knowledge of bearings, at least as frequently as the structure is inspected. If it is necessary to enable the inspector to do this, bearings shall be cleaned prior to the inspection. inspected. If it is necessary to enable the inspector to do this, bearings shall be cleaned prior to the inspection.

The bearings should be inspected after an accidental collision with the bridge, such as an over-high vehicle The bearings should be inspected after an accidental collision with the bridge, such as an over-high vehicle colliding with the deck, or after an exceptional event, such as an earthquake.

colliding with the deck, or after an exceptional event, such as an earthquake.

Should the inspector encounter conditions that he is unable to explain or detect fully, or for which he is unable to Should the inspector encounter conditions that he is unable to explain or detect fully, or for which he is unable to recommend remedial action, he shall seek, if need be, the assistance of a special expert before completing his recommend remedial action, he shall seek, if need be, the assistance of a special expert before completing his report.

report.

Depending on the outcome of the inspection one of the following steps shall be undertaken: Depending on the outcome of the inspection one of the following steps shall be undertaken:

no action; no action;

further measurements of the movement capacity (under extreme temperatures, different loads, etc.); further measurements of the movement capacity (under extreme temperatures, different loads, etc.);

further test procedures; further test procedures;

repair (corrections of the position, replacement of the entire bearing or of parts, renewal or supplement of the repair (corrections of the position, replacement of the entire bearing or of parts, renewal or supplement of the protection against corrosion or underneath packing with mortar, etc.).

protection against corrosion or underneath packing with mortar, etc.).

5 5 Regular

Regular inspection

inspection

In the regular inspection the following properties shall be checked: In the regular inspection the following properties shall be checked:

a)

a) sufficient capacity sufficient capacity for residual movement for residual movement with respect with respect to the to the type of the type of the bearing, taking inbearing, taking into account theto account the temperature of the structure;

temperature of the structure;

b)

b) visible visible defects:defects:

– cracks; – cracks;

– incorrect position; – incorrect position;

– unforeseen movements and deformations; – unforeseen movements and deformations;

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c)

c) condition condition of of bedding bedding and and fixing;fixing;

d)

d) condition condition of of corrosion protection, corrosion protection, dust dust protection and protection and seals;seals;

e)

e) condition condition of of sliding sliding and and rolling rolling surfaces;surfaces;

f)

f) visible visible defects defects of of adjoining adjoining structural structural parts.parts.

The results shall be recorded. An example is shown in annex B.4. The report shall be filed with plans and drawings The results shall be recorded. An example is shown in annex B.4. The report shall be filed with plans and drawings of the structure.

of the structure.

In case of visible defects or damage which are likely to affect the function, checks according to clause 6 shall be In case of visible defects or damage which are likely to affect the function, checks according to clause 6 shall be carried out.

carried out.

6 6 Principal

Principal inspection

inspection

6.1 General

Principal inspections shall be carried out at less frequent intervals than regular inspections (see A.5) and will Principal inspections shall be carried out at less frequent intervals than regular inspections (see A.5) and will normally replace one of these. They are intended to result in a precise record of the condition of the bearing and, if normally replace one of these. They are intended to result in a precise record of the condition of the bearing and, if properly interpreted and acted upon, will ensure that the bearing will continue to function as intended until the next properly interpreted and acted upon, will ensure that the bearing will continue to function as intended until the next principal inspection.

principal inspection.

It is recommended to carry out the first principal inspection within one year of the structure being put into service It is recommended to carry out the first principal inspection within one year of the structure being put into service and the results compared with the details recorded in accordance with clause 7 of EN 1337–11: 1997.

and the results compared with the details recorded in accordance with clause 7 of EN 1337–11: 1997.

The principal inspection shall include all the points covered by the regular inspection but in more precise detail. The principal inspection shall include all the points covered by the regular inspection but in more precise detail. Points of particular importance for each type of bearing are given below. Figures are also included showing the Points of particular importance for each type of bearing are given below. Figures are also included showing the main dimensions to be recorded for each type of bearing. These shall be measured with dead load only on the main dimensions to be recorded for each type of bearing. These shall be measured with dead load only on the structure whenever possible. If this is not feasible details of the live loading shall be provided as precisely as structure whenever possible. If this is not feasible details of the live loading shall be provided as precisely as possible.

possible.

The obtained measurements shall be compared with the design values. Hence the capacity of the bearing for all The obtained measurements shall be compared with the design values. Hence the capacity of the bearing for all anticipated future movements and loads shall be checked.

anticipated future movements and loads shall be checked.

Type numbers in 6.2 correspond to the type numbers in EN 1337–1. Type numbers in 6.2 correspond to the type numbers in EN 1337–1.

6.2 Specific checks for the different types of bearings

6.2.1

6.2.1 Sliding Sliding part of part of bearings bearings with PTFE with PTFE elements elements (see Figure (see Figure 1)1)

For the bearings No. 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.7, 1.8, 2.2, 2.3, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.2, 4.3, 5.2, 5.3, 6.2, 7.3, 7.4 the protrusion For the bearings No. 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.7, 1.8, 2.2, 2.3, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.2, 4.3, 5.2, 5.3, 6.2, 7.3, 7.4 the protrusion h h between the sliding surface and the plate containing the PTFE sheet shall be measured at sufficient points to find between the sliding surface and the plate containing the PTFE sheet shall be measured at sufficient points to find the minimum value;

the minimum value; v v xx,, v v yy and and h h to be recorded. to be recorded.

Where visible the condition of the sliding surface and its fixings shall be reported. Where visible the condition of the sliding surface and its fixings shall be reported.

Figure 1 —Sliding part of combined bearings Figure 1 —Sliding part of combined bearings

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6.2.2

6.2.2 Elastomeric Elastomeric bearings and bearings and the elastomeric the elastomeric part of part of combined bearings combined bearings (see Figure (see Figure 2)2)

For the bearings No. 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8 the visible surfaces shall be checked for cracks and For the bearings No. 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8 the visible surfaces shall be checked for cracks and excessive deformations. If cracks extend to the inner steel-plates of the bearing, the report shall inform the owners excessive deformations. If cracks extend to the inner steel-plates of the bearing, the report shall inform the owners of this situation and of the risk of corrosion and failure of the product. Moreover, consideration shall be given to of this situation and of the risk of corrosion and failure of the product. Moreover, consideration shall be given to replacement of the bearing.

replacement of the bearing.

α

α _x_x,, α α _y_y,, v v _x_x and and v v _y_y to be recorded. to be recorded.

Figure 2 — Elastomeric bearing Figure 2 — Elastomeric bearing

6.2.3

6.2.3 Single Single roller roller bearings bearings (see (see Figure Figure 3)3)

For the bearings No. 6.1 and 6.2 the condition of the rolling surfaces, the continuity or otherwise of the line of For the bearings No. 6.1 and 6.2 the condition of the rolling surfaces, the continuity or otherwise of the line of contact, sloping movement, rotation about the vertical axis, offset in rolling plane, the relative positions of the top contact, sloping movement, rotation about the vertical axis, offset in rolling plane, the relative positions of the top and bottom plates

and bottom plates v v xx and the rotation angleand the rotation angle α α shall be recorded. The condition of any guiding devices shall be shall be recorded. The condition of any guiding devices shall be

reported. reported.

Figure 3 — Roller bearing Figure 3 — Roller bearing

6.2.4

6.2.4 Pot Pot bearings and bearings and the pot the pot part of part of combined bearings combined bearings (see Figure (see Figure 4)4)

For the bearings No. 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3

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Figure 4 — Pot bearing Figure 4 — Pot bearing

6.2.5

6.2.5 Rocker Rocker bearings, point bearings, point rocker rocker bearings, rocker bearings, rocker part of part of combined bearings combined bearings (see Figure (see Figure 5)5)

For the bearings No. 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

For the bearings No. 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 s s 1min,max1min,max andand α α shall be recorded. The condition of the rocking shall be recorded. The condition of the rocking

surfaces, the continuity or otherwise of the line of contact and the relative positions of the top and bottom plates surfaces, the continuity or otherwise of the line of contact and the relative positions of the top and bottom plates shall be recorded.

shall be recorded.

P

Pooiinnt t rroocckkeerr LiinLneeaar r rroocckkeerr

Figure 5 — Rocker bearings Figure 5 — Rocker bearings

6.2.6

6.2.6 Spherical bearings Spherical bearings and the and the spherical part spherical part of combined of combined bearings, cylindrical bearings, cylindrical bearings (see bearings (see Figures 6Figures 6 and 7)

and 7)

For the bearings No. 3.1, 3.2, 3.3., 3.4, 3.5

For the bearings No. 3.1, 3.2, 3.3., 3.4, 3.5 α α _max_max and and h h _min_min shall be recorded. shall be recorded.

For the bearings No. 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4

For the bearings No. 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4 h h ,, v v and andα α shall be recorded. Any tendency to rotate in a direction other thanshall be recorded. Any tendency to rotate in a direction other than

the design direction shall be reported. the design direction shall be reported.

Figure 6 — Spherical or cylindrical bearing Figure 6 — Spherical or cylindrical bearing

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Figure 7 — Side view of a cylindrical bearing Figure 7 — Side view of a cylindrical bearing

6.2.7

6.2.7 Guide Guide bearings and bearings and guiding elements guiding elements of other of other bearings (see bearings (see Figure 8Figure 8))

For the bearings No. 8.1, 8.2

For the bearings No. 8.1, 8.2 s s 3 min.3 min.,, s s 3 max.3 max.,, s s 4u4u,, s s 4o4o,, h h 11 and and h h 22 (the maximum clearance between guide surfaces) (the maximum clearance between guide surfaces)

shall be recorded where possible. shall be recorded where possible.

Figure 8 — Guide bearing Figure 8 — Guide bearing

6.2.8

6.2.8 Special Special bearingsbearings

Any special bearing shall be checked in accordance with criteria laid down by the designers of the structure and the Any special bearing shall be checked in accordance with criteria laid down by the designers of the structure and the bearing.

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7

7 S

Se

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viic

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g an

nd r

d re

ep

plla

ac

ce

em

me

en

ntt

Replacement of bearings or of parts of bearings shall be carried out avoiding any damage to the structure. Replacement of bearings or of parts of bearings shall be carried out avoiding any damage to the structure.

Jacks shall be applied only at intended load points. Permissible jacking forces and intended jacking distances shall Jacks shall be applied only at intended load points. Permissible jacking forces and intended jacking distances shall not be exceeded. The structure shall be prevented from falling back in case of jack failure.

not be exceeded. The structure shall be prevented from falling back in case of jack failure.

When movements of the structure are likely to occur during the time of replacement or repair of a bearing in the When movements of the structure are likely to occur during the time of replacement or repair of a bearing in the jacked up position these movements should be possible in a sliding or deforming m

jacked up position these movements should be possible in a sliding or deforming m anner.anner.

Consideration shall be given to the risk that large horizontal loads (e.g. braking loads) due to elastic deformation of Consideration shall be given to the risk that large horizontal loads (e.g. braking loads) due to elastic deformation of the bridge may act on the bearing. This risk shall be carefully investigated and necessary actions taken prior to any the bridge may act on the bearing. This risk shall be carefully investigated and necessary actions taken prior to any hoisting procedure.

hoisting procedure.

All repair work shall be recorded in a report. All repair work shall be recorded in a report.

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Annex A

(informative)

Explanations

A.1

A.1 The regular time intervals for inspections should follow national standards or specific guidelines or manualsThe regular time intervals for inspections should follow national standards or specific guidelines or manuals for the structure.

for the structure.

A.2

A.2 It may be necessary to inspect the bearings more often than the whole structure. This will be particularly theIt may be necessary to inspect the bearings more often than the whole structure. This will be particularly the case if an inspection reveals a possible source of future trouble.

case if an inspection reveals a possible source of future trouble.

A.3

A.3 In the case of unforeseen movement at the joints or railings or any other sign of distress the bearings shouldIn the case of unforeseen movement at the joints or railings or any other sign of distress the bearings should be inspected.

be inspected.

A.4

A.4 The following is a list of inspection equipment that is intended as a guide:The following is a list of inspection equipment that is intended as a guide:

– plans and drawings, manuals, product specification, etc.; – plans and drawings, manuals, product specification, etc.;

– scaffolds and working platforms; – scaffolds and working platforms;

– lighting equipment; – lighting equipment; – mirror; – mirror; – cleaning device; – cleaning device;

– tools for removal of all coverings; – tools for removal of all coverings;

– feeler gauge; – feeler gauge;

–

– rule rule with with sharp sharp edge;edge;

– spirit level; – spirit level; – quadrant (protractor); – quadrant (protractor); – vernier callipers; – vernier callipers;

– apparatus for measuring the thickness of protective layers; – apparatus for measuring the thickness of protective layers;

– equipment for the measurement of cracks; – equipment for the measurement of cracks;

– telescope; – telescope; – thermometer; – thermometer; – camera. – camera. A.5

A.5 The The requirements in requirements in clause clause 5, 5, clause clause 6 6 and and the advice the advice A.1, A.1, A.2 and A.2 and A.3 are A.3 are intentionally imintentionally im precise,precise, particularly with regard to time intervals. These can only be settled by the authority responsible for the care of the particularly with regard to time intervals. These can only be settled by the authority responsible for the care of the structure and are influenced by the type of bearings, and the difficulty and cost of access, the consequences of structure and are influenced by the type of bearings, and the difficulty and cost of access, the consequences of bearing failure and the speed with which any bearing fault may develop. Precise details of any detoriation should bearing failure and the speed with which any bearing fault may develop. Precise details of any detoriation should be recorded so that later inspection may clearly record the rate of progression. It should be borne in mind that the be recorded so that later inspection may clearly record the rate of progression. It should be borne in mind that the aim of the inspection regime is to detect bearing detoriation long before it becomes dangerous and to ensure that aim of the inspection regime is to detect bearing detoriation long before it becomes dangerous and to ensure that remedial work is carried out in time.

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Annex B

(informative)

Report of inspection of bearings

B.1 General

This annex is intended to give guidance for the production of an inspector's report and includes a specimen form. This annex is intended to give guidance for the production of an inspector's report and includes a specimen form. The purpose of the form is to ensure that the inspector checks and reports on the principal aspects of each bearing. The purpose of the form is to ensure that the inspector checks and reports on the principal aspects of each bearing. The completed form should then be used to initiate remedial action, when required. It should then be filed and be The completed form should then be used to initiate remedial action, when required. It should then be filed and be made available to the inspector for the next inspection. This will help to draw the inspector's attention to possible made available to the inspector for the next inspection. This will help to draw the inspector's attention to possible points of trouble and will enable him to note any progressive deterioration. It will also enable him to check that any points of trouble and will enable him to note any progressive deterioration. It will also enable him to check that any recommended remedial work has been carried out. It should be noted that the layout of the form is not intended for recommended remedial work has been carried out. It should be noted that the layout of the form is not intended for direct copying, as it shall be expanded to allow the inspector sufficient space to make his report under each of the direct copying, as it shall be expanded to allow the inspector sufficient space to make his report under each of the headings. Some bridge owners may also find it convenient to have different forms for different types of bearings. In headings. Some bridge owners may also find it convenient to have different forms for different types of bearings. In which case only those headings relevant to the particular type of bearing need to be included on the form relating which case only those headings relevant to the particular type of bearing need to be included on the form relating to that type.

to that type.

The specimen form covers checks required for a principal inspection. For a regular inspection a simplified form may The specimen form covers checks required for a principal inspection. For a regular inspection a simplified form may be used. Alternatively the same form may be used with the items relevant to a regular inspection clearly marked. be used. Alternatively the same form may be used with the items relevant to a regular inspection clearly marked.

B.2 B.2 Determination of

Determination of the temp

the temperature of t

erature of the structu

he structure

re

This method is given by way of indication and has not been validated for all climatic conditions. This method is given by way of indication and has not been validated for all climatic conditions.

The actual temperature of the structure cannot easily be determined and in many cases may not be necessary, The actual temperature of the structure cannot easily be determined and in many cases may not be necessary, particularly where the bearings are of a type whose extremes of movement can be deduced by observation of such particularly where the bearings are of a type whose extremes of movement can be deduced by observation of such things as undisturbed dirt on sliding surfaces, or from indicators that show extremes of movement reached. In such things as undisturbed dirt on sliding surfaces, or from indicators that show extremes of movement reached. In such cases it may be informative if the shade temperature is recorded when the inspection is made, with a comment on cases it may be informative if the shade temperature is recorded when the inspection is made, with a comment on the weather and particular reference as to whether the sun is shining on the structure, or not, and whether the the weather and particular reference as to whether the sun is shining on the structure, or not, and whether the previous night had been much colder than the day, or not.

previous night had been much colder than the day, or not.

If a more precise means of estimating the temperature of the structure is required, it may be deduced from the If a more precise means of estimating the temperature of the structure is required, it may be deduced from the estimated minimum effective bridge temperature "

estimated minimum effective bridge temperature "y y (° (°C)" foC)" for the dr the day.ay.

For concrete bridges (occurring at 08.00 ± 1 hour): For concrete bridges (occurring at 08.00 ± 1 hour):

y

y = 1,14 = 1,14 x x 11 – 1,1 – 1,1

where where

x

x 11 is the 48 hour mean shade temperature obtained by taking the average of:is the 48 hour mean shade temperature obtained by taking the average of:

the minimum shade temperature for the day; the minimum shade temperature for the day;

the maximum shade temperature for the previous day; the maximum shade temperature for the previous day;

the minimum shade temperature for the previous day; the minimum shade temperature for the previous day;

the maximum shade temperature for the day before the previous day. the maximum shade temperature for the day before the previous day.

For composite bridges (occurring at 07.00 ± 1 hour): For composite bridges (occurring at 07.00 ± 1 hour):

y

(15)

where where

x

x 22 is the 24 hour mean shade temperature obtained by taking the average of:is the 24 hour mean shade temperature obtained by taking the average of:

the minimum shade temperature for the day; the minimum shade temperature for the day;

the maximum shade temperature for the previous day. the maximum shade temperature for the previous day.

For steel box bridges (occurring at 06.00 ± 1 hour): For steel box bridges (occurring at 06.00 ± 1 hour):

y

y = 1,1 = 1,1 x x 33 – 1,3 – 1,3

where where

x

x 33 is the minimum shade temperature for the day.is the minimum shade temperature for the day.

In general, the inspection is not made when the structure is at its minimum temperature. If however when the In general, the inspection is not made when the structure is at its minimum temperature. If however when the structure is at its minimum temperature its position is noted at a suitable reference point, then any subsequent structure is at its minimum temperature its position is noted at a suitable reference point, then any subsequent movement may be used in estimating the actual temperature of the structure from the minimum effective movement may be used in estimating the actual temperature of the structure from the minimum effective temperature "

temperature "y y (°C)". (°C)".

B.3 B.3 Guidance for c

Guidance for completion of e

ompletion of each item on th

ach item on the form

e form

B.3.1 B.3.1 Location

Location of

of bearing/identifica

bearing/identification

tion

The precise location of the bearing in the structure should be given in such a way that anybody reading the form The precise location of the bearing in the structure should be given in such a way that anybody reading the form can identify the position of the bearing without any doubt. The identification given should be the unique serial can identify the position of the bearing without any doubt. The identification given should be the unique serial number described in EN 1337–1. This will give confirmation that the correct bearing has been identified from the number described in EN 1337–1. This will give confirmation that the correct bearing has been identified from the description of its location. If this serial number is not visible, this should be noted and remedial action description of its location. If this serial number is not visible, this should be noted and remedial action recommended to provide a permanent visible record of the number on or adjacent to the bearing. If the serial recommended to provide a permanent visible record of the number on or adjacent to the bearing. If the serial number is not available, then a numbering system for the bearings in the structure should be substituted with a number is not available, then a numbering system for the bearings in the structure should be substituted with a unique number for each bearing. This unique number should then be shown in a permanent form either on or unique number for each bearing. This unique number should then be shown in a permanent form either on or adjacent to the bearing.

adjacent to the bearing.

B.3.2 B.3.2 Type

Type of bea

of bearing/manufactur

ring/manufacturer

er

The description

The description of the of the type of btype of bearing should earing should correspond to correspond to the description the description given in given in EN EN 1337–1. 1337–1. TheThe manufacturer's name should agree with the information required in EN 1337–1.

manufacturer's name should agree with the information required in EN 1337–1.

B.3.3 B.3.3 Drawing

Drawing Number

Number

The number of the manufacturer's drawing for the bearing should be given. This drawing should be available to the The number of the manufacturer's drawing for the bearing should be given. This drawing should be available to the inspector for reference before he carries out his inspection.

inspector for reference before he carries out his inspection.

B.3.4 B.3.4 Protective

Protective cover

cover

If the bearing does not have a protective cover, the inspector should indicate whether one is required. If any If the bearing does not have a protective cover, the inspector should indicate whether one is required. If any protective device was originally provided, either on the bearing or adjacent to it, its current condition should be protective device was originally provided, either on the bearing or adjacent to it, its current condition should be reported.

reported.

B.3.5 Indicator

If the bearing was not originally provided with a movement indicator, but the provision of one would be both If the bearing was not originally provided with a movement indicator, but the provision of one would be both practical and advantageous, this should be noted. If one has been provided the inspector should check that it is in practical and advantageous, this should be noted. If one has been provided the inspector should check that it is in place and functioning.

place and functioning.

B.3.6 B.3.6 Position

Position of

of indicator

indicator

If an indicator is in place and functioning, its reading should be noted. If an indicator is in place and functioning, its reading should be noted.

(16)

B.3.7 B.3.7 Movement

Movement in bea

in bearing

ring

The movements of a bearing are measured from a supposed "stationary“ reference point; the movement directions The movements of a bearing are measured from a supposed "stationary“ reference point; the movement directions are recorded on a sketch for analysis. This is particularly necessary where angular deformation is being recorded. are recorded on a sketch for analysis. This is particularly necessary where angular deformation is being recorded. In combined elastomeric and sliding bearings movement due to sliding should be shown separately from that due In combined elastomeric and sliding bearings movement due to sliding should be shown separately from that due to elastomeric deformation. In the case of preset (or predeformed) bearings, account is taken of this initial to elastomeric deformation. In the case of preset (or predeformed) bearings, account is taken of this initial condition.

condition.

B.3.8 B.3.8 Clearances

Clearances and

and protrusions

protrusions

See clause 6. Particular note should be made of any significant change in this reading when compared with See clause 6. Particular note should be made of any significant change in this reading when compared with previous inspections.

previous inspections.

B.3.9 B.3.9 Bearing

Bearing with sliding

with sliding planes

planes

The condition of all sliding surfaces should be checked where possible. Parts of stainless steel surfaces are usually The condition of all sliding surfaces should be checked where possible. Parts of stainless steel surfaces are usually exposed, and a feeler gauge or thin steel rule can usually be used to check that the edges of a PTFE surface are exposed, and a feeler gauge or thin steel rule can usually be used to check that the edges of a PTFE surface are where intended. It has to be considered that wear, dirt or corrosion of moving surfaces will increase resistance to where intended. It has to be considered that wear, dirt or corrosion of moving surfaces will increase resistance to movement.

movement.

B.3.10 B.3.10 Elastomeric

Elastomeric bearing

bearing

It is normal that a correctly functioning elastomeric bearing shows some shear deformation and slight regular It is normal that a correctly functioning elastomeric bearing shows some shear deformation and slight regular bulging between reinforcing plates within the bearing. Apart from these the bearing surface should be smooth and bulging between reinforcing plates within the bearing. Apart from these the bearing surface should be smooth and free from blemishes. Irregular bulging is likely to indicate misplaced plates or bond failure.

free from blemishes. Irregular bulging is likely to indicate misplaced plates or bond failure.

B.3.11 B.3.11 Roller bearings

Roller bearings and linear ro

and linear rocker bear

cker bearings

ings

Roller bearings should be checked to ensure that they are in contact with their upper and lower plates throughout Roller bearings should be checked to ensure that they are in contact with their upper and lower plates throughout the entire length of the roller. A light behind the bearing will help with this check. A check should be made to ensure the entire length of the roller. A light behind the bearing will help with this check. A check should be made to ensure that the line of contact is at right angles to the direction of movement or rotation.

that the line of contact is at right angles to the direction of movement or rotation.

Where bearings rely on a lubricant to function efficiently they should be checked to ensure that an adequate supply Where bearings rely on a lubricant to function efficiently they should be checked to ensure that an adequate supply remains and that it has not deteriorated.

remains and that it has not deteriorated.

B.3.12 B.3.12 Pot bear

Pot bearing, point r

ing, point rocker b

ocker bearing

earing

See clause 6. See clause 6.

B.3.13 B.3.13 Locking

Locking device/guiding

device/guiding device

device

Temporary locking devices should be checked to ensure that they have been released and are not impeding the Temporary locking devices should be checked to ensure that they have been released and are not impeding the movement of the bearing. Similarly, where bearings have been designed to allow movement during construction movement of the bearing. Similarly, where bearings have been designed to allow movement during construction and have then been locked to prevent subsequent movement, the locking device should be checked to ensure that and have then been locked to prevent subsequent movement, the locking device should be checked to ensure that it is still performing its intended function. Guides in guided bearings and guide bearings should be checked for it is still performing its intended function. Guides in guided bearings and guide bearings should be checked for deformation caused by excess guide force and for the integrity of the sliding surfaces. Particular attention should be deformation caused by excess guide force and for the integrity of the sliding surfaces. Particular attention should be paid on skewed or curved bridges.

paid on skewed or curved bridges.

B.3.14 B.3.14 Protection

Protection against

against corrosion

corrosion

Where bearings contain parts that are prone to corrosion they should be checked to ensure that the protective Where bearings contain parts that are prone to corrosion they should be checked to ensure that the protective measures to prevent this are still functioning. In general the aim should be to repair or replace any corrosion measures to prevent this are still functioning. In general the aim should be to repair or replace any corrosion protection before it has failed sufficiently to allow any substantial amount of corrosion to take place.

protection before it has failed sufficiently to allow any substantial amount of corrosion to take place.

B.3.15 B.3.15 Position and c

Position and condition of ou

ondition of outer plates/anc

ter plates/anchorages

horages

Where bearings have outer plates these should be checked for any sign of displacement relative to either the Where bearings have outer plates these should be checked for any sign of displacement relative to either the bearing or the surrounding structure. Any bolt or other form of anchorage should be checked to ensure that it has bearing or the surrounding structure. Any bolt or other form of anchorage should be checked to ensure that it has not become loose or otherwise inactive.

(17)

B.3.16 B.3.16 Damage

Damage to stee

to steel parts

l parts

All steel parts should be checked for any sign of distortion due to overload and for any other sign of damage. Any All steel parts should be checked for any sign of distortion due to overload and for any other sign of damage. Any sign of cracking or yelding should give immediate cause of concern, particularly with regard to roller and rocker sign of cracking or yelding should give immediate cause of concern, particularly with regard to roller and rocker bearings.

bearings.

B.3.17 B.3.17 Condition of adjac

Condition of adjacent struc

ent structural eleme

tural elements

nts

In many cases the first indication that a bearing is malfunctioning is the appearance of damage in an adjacent part In many cases the first indication that a bearing is malfunctioning is the appearance of damage in an adjacent part of the structure. Alternatively deterioration of the adjacent structure may lead to malfunctioning of the bearing. It is of the structure. Alternatively deterioration of the adjacent structure may lead to malfunctioning of the bearing. It is therefore important for any bearing inspection to include the adjacent structure and its condition should be therefore important for any bearing inspection to include the adjacent structure and its condition should be reported.

reported.

B.3.18 Remarks

Under the "remarks" heading any condition of interest not covered by a specific heading should be reported. An Under the "remarks" heading any condition of interest not covered by a specific heading should be reported. An unusual noise associated with the passage of traffic or otherwise is a particular example. Comments should also be unusual noise associated with the passage of traffic or otherwise is a particular example. Comments should also be made where these may assist in the interpretation of the report, or, when the next inspection is being made, will made where these may assist in the interpretation of the report, or, when the next inspection is being made, will draw the attention of the inspector to possible points of weakness.

draw the attention of the inspector to possible points of weakness.

B.3.19 B.3.19 Result of

Result of inspection, re

inspection, required actions

quired actions

After completing his inspection the inspector should be able to write either that the condition of the bearing is After completing his inspection the inspector should be able to write either that the condition of the bearing is satis-factory and functioning correctly, or that it is deficient in some respect. If the latter is the case he should indicate if factory and functioning correctly, or that it is deficient in some respect. If the latter is the case he should indicate if urgent remedial action is required, if remedial action is required but can be deferred until convenient, or if remedial urgent remedial action is required, if remedial action is required but can be deferred until convenient, or if remedial action can be deferred until after the next inspection. In some instances he may observe a condition that he is action can be deferred until after the next inspection. In some instances he may observe a condition that he is either unable to diagnose or is not equipped to fully examine. This should be noted together with any suggestions. either unable to diagnose or is not equipped to fully examine. This should be noted together with any suggestions.

B.3.20 B.3.20 Following

Following inspection

inspection

The date when the next inspection whether regular or principal is due should be noted. This will depend on the The date when the next inspection whether regular or principal is due should be noted. This will depend on the frequency of inspection required for the particular type of bearing in conjunction with the type and location of the frequency of inspection required for the particular type of bearing in conjunction with the type and location of the structure in which it is incorporated. This should be specified by the owner of the structure and may be based on structure in which it is incorporated. This should be specified by the owner of the structure and may be based on guidance given by the designers of the bearing and the structure. In cases where deterioration is suspected or guidance given by the designers of the bearing and the structure. In cases where deterioration is suspected or apparent it may be necessary to set an earlier date for the next inspection to check on the need for remedial action. apparent it may be necessary to set an earlier date for the next inspection to check on the need for remedial action.

(18)

B.4 B.4 Report of

Report of inspection

inspection of bearings

of bearings (specimen)

(specimen)

Structure:

Structure: ………

Name of

Name of inspector: ………inspector: ………

Year of

Year of construction: ………construction: ……….….

Date of the

Date of the inspection: ………inspection: ………....

Actual temperature of the

Actual temperature of the structure: structure: ………

B

Beeaarriinng g ... BBeeaarriinng g ...

1

1 LocLocatiation on of of beabearingring/Id/Identientificaficatiotion (n (see see 7.3 7.3 of of EN EN 1331337–1:7–1:2002000)0)

2

2 TyType ope of bef beariaringng/M/Manuanufafactucturer (rer (sesee Tabe Table 1 ole 1 of EN 1f EN 1337337–1–1:20:2000)00)

3

3 DDrraawwiinng g NNoo..

4

4 PPrrootteeccttiivve e cocovveerr rreeqquuiirreedd

in place in place

5

5 IInnddiiccaattoorr rreeqquuiirreedd

in place in place

6

6 PPoossiittiioon on of if innddiiccaattoorr

mm mm

Movemen

Movement in bt in bearingearing (to b(to be splie split in cot in combined mbined bearinbearingsgs where both parts are free to move) where both parts are free to move) Translation longitudinal

Translation longitudinal v v xx

7

7 TrTraannssllaattiioon n ttrraannssvveerrssee v v yy

Rotation longitudinal

Rotation longitudinal α α _x_x

Rotation transverse

Rotation transverse α α _max._max.

Clearances/ protrusions Clearances/ protrusions h h s s 1min1min s s 1max1max 8 8 s s 22 s

s 3min.3min. / / s s 3max.3max.

s s 4u4u / / s s 4o4o

(continued) (continued)

(19)

(concluded) (concluded)

B

Beeaarriinng g ... BeBeaarriinng g ...

9

9 SSlliiddiinng bg beeaarriinnggss

fastening defects and condition of stainless steel sheet, contact to PTFE fastening defects and condition of stainless steel sheet, contact to PTFE

10

10 ElElasastotomemeriric c bebeararining:g:

appearance, description of cracks, uplift appearance, description of cracks, uplift

11

11 RolRoller ler bearbearing ing and and linlinear ear rockrocker er beabearingrings:s:

Line of contact, plates plane, parallel, rolling surface, correct angle, Line of contact, plates plane, parallel, rolling surface, correct angle, lubricant

lubricant

12

12 PoPot bet beariaringng, po, poinint rot rockecker br beaeariringng

1

133 LLoocckikinng g ddeevviiccee Guiding device Guiding device

(for guided bearings and guide bearings) (for guided bearings and guide bearings)

14

14 PrPrototecectiotion n agagaiainsnst t cocorrorrosiosionn

15

15 PosPositiition aon and cond condinditiotion of on of outeuter plar platestes/an/anchochorageragess

16

16 DaDamamage ge to to ststeeeel pl parartsts

17

17 ConditCondition ion of aof adjacendjacent st structutructural ral elementelements (s (structustructure, re, mortar, mortar, socketsockets)s)

18

18 RemaRemarks rks (e.(e.g. g. uneunexpexpectected nd noisoise, e, dirdirt et etc.tc.))

19

19 ResulResult of t of inspecinspection, tion, requirerequired acd actions tions (correc(correction, tion, replacereplacement, ment, re- re-pair etc.)

pair etc.)

(if necessary, use separate sheet) (if necessary, use separate sheet)

20

20 FoFollllowowining g ininspspecectition on (y(yearear))

(state whether regular or principal inspection) (state whether regular or principal inspection)

NOTE

NOTE All diAll dimensions mensions to to be be in in millimetres millimetres and and all all angles angles to to be be in in degrees. A degrees. A positive sign positive sign indicates a indicates a direction awdirection awayay from the fixed point of the structure and downwards if referring to vertical movement.

from the fixed point of the structure and downwards if referring to vertical movement.

Signature of inspector ……… Signature of inspector ………

(20)

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En 1337 10 2003 Structural Bearings

Structural bearings —

Structural bearings —

Part 10: Inspection

Part 10: Inspection and maintenance

and maintenance

National foreword

National foreword

NORME EUROPÉENNE

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

July 2003

July 2003

English version

English version

Structural Bearings - Part 10: Inspection and maintenance

Structural Bearings - Part 10: Inspection and maintenance

Contents

Contents

Foreword

Foreword

1 Scope

1 Scope

2

2 Normative

Normative references

references

3

3 Definitions

Definitions and

and symbols

symbols

3

3..3

3

S

Sy

ym

mb

bo

olls

s

4

4 General

General requirements

requirements for

for regular

regular and

and principal

principal inspections

inspections

5

5 Regular

Regular inspection

inspection

6

6 Principal

Principal inspection

inspection

6.1 General

6.1 General

6.2 Specific checks for the different types of bearings

6.2 Specific checks for the different types of bearings

7

7

S

Se

errv

viic

ciin

ng a

g an

nd r

d re

ep

plla

ac

ce

em

_{July 2003}

_{July 2003}