- Pipe Stress Analysis Design Basis

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PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS DESIGN BASIS BIEN DONG 1 PROJEC

BD1-00-P-A-0002

0 21-Sep-10 AFU

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Title: PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS DESIGN BASIS Document No: BD1-00-P-A-0002

Date : 21-SEP-10

Page : Page 2 of 14

PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS DESIGN BASIS...2

1.0INTRODUCTION...3

2.0SCOPE...5

3.0 DEFINITION...6

4.0 CODES AND STANDARDS...8

5.0METHODOLOGY...10

6.0DESIGN PARAMETERS AND ASSUMPTIONS...12

7.0ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA AND INPUT TO OTHER DISCIPLINES...15

8.0 STRESS ANALYSIS REPORT...17

APPENDIX A...18

GENERAL LOAD CASES FOR STRESS ANALYSIS...18

APPENDIX B...22

TYPICAL LOAD CASES FOR BLAST ANALYSIS...22

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Description

The Bien Dong 1 Project is primary focused on the offshore development of the Hai Thach and Moc Tinh gas/condensate Fields in Blocks 05.2 and 05.3 in the Nam Con Son Basin approximately 340km east of eastern coast of South Vietnam together with the provision of gas and oil export facilities. The Hai Thach and Moc Tinh fields lie approximately 20km apart. The Hai Thach field is predominantly within block 05.2, but a small portion falls within block 05.3.

The project is an upstream project and includes:

• A Wellhead platform in Moc Tinh (WHP-MT1)

• A Wellhead platform in Hai Thach (WHP-HT1)

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• A Floating Storage and Offloading (FSO) vessel in Hai Thach

• An in-field pipeline from the WHP-MT1 to WHP-HT1

• A condensate export line from WHP-HT1 to the FSO

• A gas export pipeline form WHP-HT1 to link up to the existing Nam Con Son pipeline

• A Subsea Composite Fiber Optic/ Power Cable from WHP-HT1 to the WHP-MT1

•

1.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations

BD POC Bien Dong Petroleum Operating Company

WHP HT1 Hai Thach Wellhead Platform

PQP HT Hai Thach Production and Quarters Platform

FSO Floating Storage and Offloading Vessel

WHP MT1 Moc Tinh Wellhead Platform

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers

API RP American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice

BS British Standards

MSS Manufacturers Standardization Society

UKOOA United Kingdom Offshore Operators Association

EEMUA Engineering Equipment & Materials Users' Association

DNV Det Norske Veritas

WRC Welding Research Council

GRE Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy

PSV Pressure Safety Valve

Date : 21-SEP-10

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1.3 Company General Specifications

This Specification shall be read in conjunction with the following reference Specifications.

i. Piping Design Basis, BD-00-P-A-0001

ii. Specification for Piping Classes, BD-00-P-S-0001

iii. Piping Support Standard, BD-00-P-D-2102

iv. Scope of Work for GRE Piping Systems, BD1-00-P-T-0002

v. Specification for Insulation for Equipment and Piping, BD-00-M-S-0333

vi. Specification for Pressure Vessels, BD-00-M-S-0338

vii. Structural Design Basis, BD-00-S-A-0001

viii. Project P&ID's

ix. Project Line List

kPa Kilo Pascal

mPa Mega Pascal

N Newton

M Meter

MM Millemeter

°C Degree Centigrade

PTFE Ploytetrafluroethylene

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x. Project Critical Line List

xi. Project Datasheets

2.0 SCOPE

2.1 General

The main objectives of the pipe stress analysis are to:

• Satisfy the code requirements in ASME B31.3.

• Confirm that the piping load on sensitive equipment do not exceed the allowable values.

• Identify the support locations and special support requirements such as springs, rigid

struts, etc.

2.2 Load cases to be considered

The stress analysis shall be carried using CAESAR II software (version 5.10) and shall comply with the requirements of the codes, standard and specifications defined in Section 4.0, and shall take into consideration the following:

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Document No: BD1-00-P-A-0002 Date : 21-SEP-10

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Weight effects - live loads arid dead loads. Design and Operating Temperatures. Design Pressure. Temperature differential of piping, equipment and vessels.

Effects of support, anchor and thermal movements. Friction effects.

Wind load on exposed piping. Hydrotest.

Sea Transportation (Tow / Load out case) Earthquake

Blast

3.0 DEFINITION

Bien Dong Petroleum Operating Company WorleyParsons, Kuala Lumpur

The person, group, or organization responsible for the design, manufacture, testing, and load-out/shipping of the Equipment. The person, group, or organization responsible for the

construction of platform

The person, group, or organization who places purchase order on VENDOR

A schedule of inspection and test activities identifying the stages at which VENDOR, COMPANY, third parties, or independent inspectors are involved and additionally identifying the involved specifications, acceptance criteria, and instructions that are relevant.

The person, group, or organization who may be employed by VENDOR to provide services for the design, manufacture, testing, and load-out/shipping of the equipment, or, to provide materials, subcomponents, and sub-assemblies for incorporation in equipment Packages.

VIRES (Vietnamese Register of shipping) or Independent Certifying Authority appointed by VENDOR for certifying

equipment/equipment packages produced outside Vietnam and issuing certificates to VIRES.

COMPANY/PURCHASER appointed person, group, or organization responsible for inspection and testing of equipment/ equipment packages at VENDOR'S shop.

Indicates possible course of action. Indicates preferred course of action.

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Indicates an intention of action. COMPANY CONSULTANT VENDOR: CONTRACTOR PURCHASER Inspection &Test Plan (ITP) Sub-Vendor: Third Party Inspector May Shall: Will:

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Document No: BD1-00-P-A-0002 Date : 21-SEP-10

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4.0 CODES AND STANDARDS

4.1 Applicable Codes and Standards

CONTRACTOR shall consider the most recent issue of the applicable Codes and Standards listed below as part of the technical requirements for the Piping System. Recommended Practice for Design

and Installation of Offshore Production Platform Piping Systems Sizing, Selection and Installation of Pressure - Relieving Devices in Refineries, Parti of II Line Pipe

Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries

Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-compressors for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services. Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Services. Positive Displacement Pumps - Reciprocating

Specification For Subsea Wellhead And Christmas Tree Equipment

Technical Report On Capabilities of API Flanges Under Combinations of Loads

Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings Process Piping

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Div I & II - Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels

4.1.3 BS Standards BS 3974

Steel Pipeline Flanges

Pipe Hangers and Supports - Materials, Design and Manufacture Pipe Hangers

and Supports - Selection and Application

4.1.1 API Standards API RP 14E

API RP 520

API 5L API 610 API 617 API 661 API 674 API 17D API 6AF

4.1.2 ASME Standards

ASME B16.5 ASME B31.3 ASME VIII

Specification for Pipe Supports

4.1.4 MSS Standards

MSS-SP-44 MSS-SP-58 MSS-SP-69

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Specification and Recommendation Practice for the use of GRP Piping Offshore

90/10 Copper Nickel Alloy Piping for Offshore Application - Publications

DNV OS-FIOI Offshore Standard-Submarine Pipeline Systems DNV-RP-D101 Structural Analysis of Piping Systems

Local Stresses in Spherical and Cylindrical Shells due to External Loadings

Local Stresses in Cylindrical Shells due to External Loadings - Supplement to WRC Bull No.107

5.0 METHODOLOGY

5.1 Line Identification

5.1.1 Table 1 shall serve as the guidelines for the selection of the critical lines. The method of selection is to review the Project Line List and P& ID's, and categorise each line in accordance with Table 1. 5.1.2 The lines that require comprehensive analysis shall be listed in Critical Line List.

5.1.3 Piping within the Vendor's packaged limits shall be the responsibility of the Vendor.

5.1.4 All skid piping shall be analysed in accordance with the criteria given in this specification. All in-skid piping external interface end termination points shall be anchored.

5.2 Methods of Analysis

Based on the review of all information, the category of the analysis shall be determined generally in accordance with the following guidelines.

5.2.1 Category 1 - Exempt From Analysis

All lines in category 1 shall be first reviewed for material properties and service to ensure that they are not critical. A final review of the system geometry shall be undertaken to evaluate any possible expansion, clearance, equipment interfaces, displacement, support span or support loads problems that may occur. Review of category 1 lines may not be documented.

Lines that fall on category 2 or category 3 may be re-classified as category 1 when the subject lines may be readily judged by comparison with previously analysed systems.

5.2.2 Category 2 - Simplified Analysis

All lines identified in category 2 shall be verified using simplified methods; Guided Cantilever Method

Lines are of uniform size and have no more than two points of fixation, no intermediate restraints, and fall within the limitation of equation (ref. Section 319.4.1, ASME B31.3);

UKOOA EEMUA Dat e Pag e Rev : 21-SEP-10 : Page 8 of 14 : 0 4.1.5 Other Standards WRC 107 WRC 297

D= pipe outside diameter [mm]

y = resultant of total displacement strains [mm] to be absorbed by the piping system

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Date : 21-SEP-10

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L = developed length of piping between anchors [m] U = anchor distance, straight line between anchors [m] K1=208000 SA/Ea [for SI units]

SA= allowable displacement stress range per Eq. (1a), ASME B31.3, [MPa] Ea= reference modulus of elasticity at 21°C, [MPa]

The above methods are generally conservative and will form a quick check to ensure that the line is sufficiently flexible. As supports are generally not considered in the calculations, special attention shall be made when creating the model. Where the line is found to fail the pre-set criteria, it shall be re-classified as category 3 - subject to computer calculation.

5.2.3 Category 3 - Comprehensive Analysis (Computer Calculation)

All lines in category 3 shall be analysed using CAESAR II software. Piping geometry will be

modelled on the piping routing available during the analysis. Piping stress isometrics will be

prepared. Where necessary, the complete piping system shall be modelled to ensure that all

interactions have been taken into account.

Date : 21-SEP-10

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TABLE 1 - Critical Line Selection Criteria Serial

No.

Line Description Design Temp.

Range Nominal Diameter Range Analysis Category Notes (°C) (mm) 1.Connections to Rotating

Equipment above 100 Allupto 100 0 < 80 0 < 80 0 > 80 2 3 3

2.Connections to Pressure

Vessels, Heat Exchangers 150 above 150upto 150 upto 0 < 100 0> 100 0 > 80 2 3 3

3.Connections to Reciprocating Equipment

All 0 < 50 0 > 50 2 3

4.Lines subject to external

movements (e.g. bridge piping) All 0 < 80 0 > 80 2 3

5.Pressure Relief / Blow-down

systems / Vent Lines All 0 < 80 0 > 80 1 or 2 3

6.Low Temperature Service -29 > t > -46 0 < 80 0 > 80 1 or 2 3

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Notes:

1. The above table is applicable to metallic piping systems only.

2. Stress analysis of all GRE lines shall be analysed by the Vendor.

3. Transportation loads shall be considered. All pipe supports provided for transportation shall be

removed after installation of the platform.

4. Blast analysis of GRE lines in Fire Water (WF) service shall be analysed by the Vendor in

accordance with section 6.10 of this document.

6.0 DESIGN PARAMETERS AND ASSUMPTIONS

6.1 Temperature

6.1.1 Ambient installation temperature shall be considered as 32.4°C (max.) and 16°C (min.).

6.1.2 System design temperature and pressure, as stated in the Project Line List, shall be used for the stress analysis.

6.1.3 During analysis the following exceptions in using alternate temperatures, other than the design temperatures, may be made:

a) Lines directly exposed to solar radiation shall be evaluated at a temperature not lower than 60°C.

b) Nozzle loads of pumps and other rotating equipments shall be evaluated at operating temperature.

c) Other cases in which the system design temperature is not considered for the analysis shall be

documented with necessary justification.

6.2 Miscellaneous design factors

6.2.1 Stress range reduction factor for cyclic condition shall be considered as unity, unless otherwise indicated.

6.2.2 Insulation thickness shall be as per the Project Line List / Project Insulation Specification and densities shall be in accordance with project specifications.

6.2.3 Multiple-case runs, considering variations in operating conditions for equipment and systems shall

150 < t < 260 0< 100 2

7. High Temperature Service 0> 100 3

t > 260 0 < 50 0 > 50 2 3

8. Carbon Steels, Low

Temperature Carbon Steels and Large Diameter Lines

-29 < t < 149 250 <0 <400 0 >

400 2 3

9. Stainless Steel / Duplex

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Document No: BD1-00-P-A-0002 Date : 21-SEP-10

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be performed as necessary. 6.2.4 Cold springing shall not be used for stress analysis.

6.3 Wind Loads

Wind loading should be considered on a case-by-case basis. In determining the need for analysis it should be noted that:

• 10" NB lines and smaller, which are guided in accordance with good practice, generally do not need

specific analysis.

• In well-shielded areas wind loads may become insignificant.

• When wind load is to be considered a shape factor of 0.65 and wind speed is to be applied in two

separate directions only (+/- X and +/- Z direction).

Wind loading/speed at 10m above mean sea level to be considered is, 27.5 m/s (1 hr average), 37.9 m/s (3 sec gust)..

6.4 Seismic Loads (Static Equivalent)

Earthquake loads (acceleartions in "g") to be used is: ±0.15 g (horizontal) in combination with ±0.25g vertical.

6.5 Wellhead Growth

For wellhead flow lines, the thermal growth and conductor clearances, the following displacements at the Xmas tree shall be used.

Vertical = +300 mm to -100 mm Horizontal = +/- 25mm

6.6 Transient Loads

Any form of transient load shall be catered for. Lines subject to mixed phase flow shall have additional guides, stops or anchors for piping control

6.7 Sea Transportation Loads

Sea transportation loads (accelerations in "g") to be used is

• Vertical Acceleration: ± 0.50 g (in addition to gravity)

• Horizontal Acceleration: ±0. 60 g (in any direction)

Nozzle loads shall not be evaluated in this condition.

6.8 Differential Displacement

For pipes that cross from one platform to another via bridge, platform displacement will be considered.

Platform displacement values shall be in accordance with HT Sub-Structure Inplace Analysis Report, Title: PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS DESIGN BASIS Document No: BD1-00-P-A-0002

Date : 21-SEP-10

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WHP-HT1-S-R-0101 and PQP HT Sub-Structure Inplace Analysis Report, PQP-HT-S-R-0101.

6.9 PSV Reaction

Forces due to PSV discharge shall be calculated as per API RP 520 if PSV manufacturer data is not available.

6.10 Blast Design

Critical Piping shall be analysed for Blast loads per below table: PQP-HT Platform

Category 3 lines in the following services:

a. GF(Fuel Gas)

b. PG (Hydrocarbon Gas)

c. PL (Process Hydrocarbon Liquid)

d. VH (Pressure Vent High)

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There is no blast analysis requirement for WHP-HT1 Platform and WHP-MT1 Platform.

The Dynamic Drag Pressure shall be applied on the piping as a wind load. Wind shape factor of 1.0 shall be used for blast calculations.

Blast loads shall be applied to the piping in the X, Y and Z co-ordinates, in positive and negative directions. Typical load cases to be considered for blast calculations are included as Appendix B. Blast analysis shall be performed at operating parameters (ie. operating temperature and pressure). For allowable stress, 1.8xSh (Sh: allowable stresses at temperature) shall be used. Flange leakage shall be checked, this is to ensure containment of the process fluid. In addition to the flange evaluation method specified in section 7.4 of this document, for blast analysis, bolt allowable multiplier of 1.5 can be used.

Piping imposed external forces and moments on Equipment nozzles (pressure vessels, pumps, heat exchanger and skid termination flanges) not to be verified.

Restraint loads during blast shall be clearly indicated in the stress isometric. Table-2:

SI. No.PQP-HT Platform Dynamic Drag

Pressure

1Sub Cellar Deck Piping 0.04 barg.

2Cellar Deck Piping 0.04 barg.

3Mezzanine Deck Piping 0.28 barg.

4Mezzanine Deck - Flare Boom Piping 0.08 barg.

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7.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA AND INPUT TO OTHER DISCIPLINES

7.1 Load Cases

Stress analysis shall be performed for different load cases as applicable. A list of general load cases to be considered is included as Appendix A

7.2 Piping Stresses

All piping stresses shall be within ASME B31.3 code allowable.

7.3 Nozzle Loads

7.3.1 General

Allowable nozzle loads on equipment shall fall within the limit specified below based on the worst operating conditions.

7.3.2 Pressure Vessels and Heat Exchangers:

Allowable nozzle forces and moments for pressure vessels shall be Specification for Pressure Vessels, BD-00-M-S-0338 Attachment 1. Wherever loads exceed these allowable loads during detail design, vendor shall be contacted to confirm the design of equipment for applicable nozzle loads Pressure vessel nozzles shall be modelled in CAESAR II for thermal growth. Should there be difficulty in meeting the allowable nozzle loads, the nozzle stiffness as calculated/considered by CAESAR II shall be used.

7.3.3 Centrifugal pumps:

Centrifugal pump nozzle loads in the operating condition shall not exceed two (2) times API 610 allowable. For technical and for a safe long term operation, the nozzle loads shall not exceed two (2) times API 610 allowable. In case the nozzle loads exceed two times API 610 allowable during working condition, a Technical Query shall be issued for this.

7.3.4 Turbine and Centrifugal Compressor Piping

Nozzle displacements for turbine and compressor nozzles shall be obtained from the supplier. Maximum piping load in the operating condition for turbine and compressor nozzles shall be 5.55 times the values obtained from NEMA SM-23 or 3 times the values obtained from API 617.

7.3.5 Air Cooler Piping

For piping loads at air-coolers the maximum piping load on the air cooler nozzles shall not exceed three (3) times API 661 allowable.

7.3.6 Other Equipment:

Allowable nozzle loads of other equipment not specifically mentioned shall be in accordance with 21-SEP-10 Page 13 of 14 0 Dat e Pag e Rev

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the respective Vendor and/or the governing equipment design code(s).

7.4 Flange Leakage Evaluation.

Flange leakage under pipe loads is evaluated by converting piping loads to an "equivalent pressure". This value is then added to the actual system design pressure, the sum of which is then compared with the ASME B16.5 allowable pressure at corresponding load case temperature multiplied by 1.5.

If a flange load exceeds the preceding value above, a flange analysis shall be performed according to the requirements of section VIII, Div.l of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Flange leakage shall be evaluated at the corresponding load case temperature.

7.5 Support Loads

7.5.1 Any piping loads in excess of 5KN acting horizontally and 10KN acting vertically will be provided to the structural department for structural integrity checks.

7.5.2 Spring Hanger Supports

The use of spring hangers will be minimized in the design of the piping. Spring hanger selection tables shall be extracted from the computer printouts. These types of supports shall conform to BS 3974 or MSS-SP-58 and MSS-SP-69.

7.6 Friction

The frictional forces at the pipe supports have a significant effect on the behavior of the piping system. The additional loads due to friction at supports, restraints and equipment nozzles shall be considered.

The various frictional factors to be used in the analysis are; 0.10 for PTFE to Stainless Steel / Carbon Steel support 0.20 for Stainless Steel to Stainless Steel support 0.30 for Carbon Steel to Carbon Steel support

7.7 Pipe Spans

Pipe spans shall be in line with the Pipe Support Standard, Doc. No. BD-00-P-D-2102. 8.0 STRESS ANALYSIS REPORT

At the end of each formal stress analysis, each Caesar II calculation shall be stored by the stress calculation number.

At the completion of piping design, pipe stress engineer shall prepare stress reports for all the critical lines. The reports shall include the following:

• Copy of approved stress sketches

• CAESAR II graphic plots

• CAESAR II electronic native input and output files. All electronic files shall be contained

in Compact Disc (CD). : 21-SEP-10 : Page 14 of 14 : 0 Dat e Pag e Rev

This document is the property of BD POC. Any unauthorised attempt to reproduce it, in any form, is strictly prohibited.

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APPENDIX A

GENERAL LOAD CASES FOR STRESS ANALYSIS

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Date : 21-SEP-10

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TYPICAL GENERAL LOAD CASES FOR STRESS ANALYSIS

Load CaseDescription Case Type Combination MethodRemarks

1WW+ HP Hydro- Hydrotest

2W+ P1 + T1 + (D1) OPE- Note-1

3W+ P1 +T2 + (D2) OPE- Note-2

4W+ P1 + T3 + (D3) OPE- Note-3

5W+ P1 SUS- Sustained

6W+ P1 + T1 + D1 + WIN1 OPE- OPE + Wind

7W+ P1 + T1 + D1 + WIN2 OPE- OPE + Wind

8W+ P1 +T1 + D1 + WIN3 OPE- OPE + Wind

9W+ P1 +T1 + D1 + WIN4 OPE- OPE + Wind

10W+ P1 + T1 + D1 + U1 OPE- OPE + Seismic

11W+ P1 + T1 + D1 + U2 OPE- OPE + Seismic

12W+ P1 +T1 + D1 + U3 OPE- OPE + Seismic

13W+ P1 + T1 + D1 - U1 OPE- OPE + Seismic

14W+ P1 + T1 + D1 - U2 OPE- OPE + Seismic

15W+ P1 +T1 + D1 -U3 OPE- OPE + Seismic

16L6- L2 OCC AlgebraicWind Loads

20L10- L2 OCC AlgebraicSeismic Loads

21L11 - L2 OCC AlgebraicSeismic Loads

22L12-L2 OCC AlgebraicSeismic Loads

25L15- L2 OCC AlgebraicSeismic Loads

26L5 + L16 OCC ScalarOCC stresses

36L2- L5 EXP AlgebraicExpansion

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Notes

1) To be used for spring design / rotating equipment nozzle loads

2) To be used for static equipment nozzle loads / stress calculation.

3) To be used for low temp cases eg. Blow down / relief systems.

4) The Cartesian axis system used in the analysis shall be as follows: "-X" represents North

direction.

"Y" represents vertical axis. "-Z" represents East direction.

PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS DESIGN BASIS...2

2.0SCOPE...5

Load CaseDescription Case Type Combination Method Remarks

40T1+(D1) EXP - Expansion

43L2 - L40 SUS Algebraic Hot Sustained

Legend

WW = Weight of Pipe (with Water)

HP = Hydrotest Pressure

W = Weight of Pipe (with process Fluid)

L Load Case (for example, L6 = Load Case 6

=W+P1+T1+D1+WIN1)

T1 = Operating Temp

T2 = Design Temperature

T3 = Low Temp Case (if applicable)

P1 = Design Pressure

D1,D2, D3 = Initial Displacement @ T1, T2, T3 (if applicable)

WIN 1 = Wind in (+) X - direction

WIN 2 = Wind in (-) X - direction

WIN 3 = Wind in (+)Z - direction

WIN 4 = Wind in (-) Z - direction

U1 = Seismic Acceleration in "X" direction

U2 = Seismic Acceleration in "Y" direction

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APPENDIX A...18

GENERAL LOAD CASES FOR STRESS ANALYSIS...18

APPENDIX B...22

TYPICAL LOAD CASES FOR BLAST ANALYSIS...22

Speed m / Sec.

Pipe size nominal diameter in mm

Marking of Support Loads on Stress Sketches: Support loads shall be marked as follows:

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APPENDIX B

TYPICAL LOAD CASES FOR BLAST ANALYSIS Date Page Rev 21-SEP-10 Page 1 of 3 0

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TYPICAL LOAD CASES FOR BLAST ANALYSIS

BLAST IN POSITIVE DIRECTION

Load CaseDescription Case Type Combination

Method

Remarks

1W+T1+P1 OPE- OPE

2W+ P1 + T1 + WIN1 OPE- For Support loading and Flange

Leakage

4W + P 1 + T 1 + WIN3 OPE- For Support loading and Flange

Leakage

5W+ P1

SUS-6L 2 - L 1 SUS Algebraic

7L 3 - L 1 SUS Algebraic

9L5 + L6 SUS ScalarStress Check

12L1 - L5 EXP AlgebraicExpansion

Legend

L = Load Case (for example, L1 = Load Case 1 =W+P1+T1)

T1 = Operating Temperature

P1 = Operating Pressure

WIN 1 = Dynamic Drag Pressure in (+) X - direction

WIN 2 = Dynamic Drag Pressure in (+) Y - direction

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Legend

L = Load Case (for example, L1 = Load Case 1 =W+P1+T1)

T1 = Operating Temperature

P1 = Operating Pressure

WIN 1 = Dynamic Drag Pressure in (-) X - direction

WIN 2 = Dynamic Drag Pressure in (-) Y - direction

WIN 3 = Dynamic Drag Pressure in (-) Z - direction

Notes

1) The Cartesian axis system used in the analysis shall be as follows: "-X" represents North direction.

"Y" represents vertical axis. "-Z" represents East direction.

PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS DESIGN BASIS...2

2.0SCOPE...5

BLAST IN NEGATIVE DIRECTION

Load CaseDescription Case Type Combination

Method

Remarks

1W+T1+P1 OPE- OPE

2W + P 1 + T 1 + WIN1 OPE- For Support loading and Flange

Leakage

5W+ P1

SUS-6L 2 - L 1 SUS Algebraic

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APPENDIX A...18

GENERAL LOAD CASES FOR STRESS ANALYSIS...18

APPENDIX B...22

TYPICAL LOAD CASES FOR BLAST ANALYSIS...22

Speed m / Sec.

Pipe size nominal diameter in mm

Marking of Support Loads on Stress Sketches: Support loads shall be marked as follows: