ISSN 0975-928X
Research Note
Exploitation of hybrid vigour in ridge gourd (
Luffa acutangula
Roxb L.)
V.A. Lodam, P.P. Patil and D.T. Desai
D e p a r t m e n t o f G e n e t i c s a n d P l a n t B r e e d i n g , N a v s a r i A g r i c u l t u r a l U n i v e r s i t y , N a v s a r i - 3 9 6 4 5 0 Email: vaibhavlodam84@gmail.com
(Received: 07 May 2014; Accepted:06.08.2014)
Abstract
A s t u d y w a s c o n d u c t e d f o r a c c e s s i n g h yb r i d v i g o u r o f 2 8 c r o s s e s o f r i d g e g o u r d o v e r s t a n d a r d p a r e n t d u r i n g l a t e K h a r i f 2 0 0 8 a t N . A. U . , N a v s a r i . T h e s e h yb r i d s w e r e g e n e r a t e d b y h a l f d i a l l e l m a t i n g d e s i g n o f e i g h t d i v e r s e r i d g e g o u r d g e n o t yp e s . H i g h l y s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e e x i s t e d b e t w e e n g e n o t yp e s f o r a l l s t u d i e d t r a i t s . N o n e o f t h e h yb r i d s h o w e d c o n s i s t e n t h e t e r o s i s f o r a l l s t u d i e d t r a i t s . I n c r o s s e s , m a x i mu m h e t e r o s i s w a s o b s e r v e d f o r f r u i t yi e l d p e r v i n e f o l l o w e d b y p r i m a r y b r a n c h e s p e r v i n e . T h e h i g h e s t e c o n o mi c h e t e r o s i s w a s o b s e r v e d f o r f r u i t yi e l d i n A R G S 9 8 - 0 6 x A R G S 0 0 - 0 3 ( 6 3 . 8 1 % ) wh i c h w a s f o l l o w e d b y AR G S 0 2 - 1 4 x A R G S 0 3 - 1 8 ( 3 7 . 3 8 % ) , A R GS 0 4 - 2 3 x AR G S 0 0 - 0 3 ( 3 4 . 7 6 % ) , AR GS 0 0 - 0 3 x A R G S 0 3 - 1 8 ( 3 1 . 6 7 % ) , A R G S 0 2 - 1 4 x A R GS 9 8 - 0 6 ( 2 8 . 3 3 % ) , A R GS 0 4 - 2 3 x AR G S 9 8 - 0 6 ( 2 6 . 6 7 % ) a n d S K N R G 2 1 x A R G S 0 3 - 1 8 ( 2 5 . 0 0 % ) . T h e s e c r o s s c o m b i n a t i o n a l s o s h o w e d h e t e r o s i s f o r o n e o r mo r e yi e l d c o n t r i b u t i n g t r a i t s . T h e r e f o r e , t h r e e h y b r i d s v i z. , A R G S 9 8 - 0 6 x A R GS 0 0 - 0 3 , A R G S 0 2 - 1 4 x A R G S 0 3 - 1 8 a n d A R G S 0 4 - 2 3 x AR G S 0 0 - 0 3 we r e i d e n t i f i e d f o r e v a l u a t i o n a t mu l t i - l o c a t i o n a n d f o r c o m m e r c i a l e x p l o i t a t i o n .
Keys words: R i d g e g o u r d , f r u i t yi e l d , h e t e r o s i s , y i e l d c o mp o n e n t s R i d g e go ur d (L u f f a a c u t a n g u l a R o xb ) L . )
i s a n i mp o r t a nt c uc ur b i t a c e o u s ve g e t a b l e c r o p o f I nd i a . Lo c a l l y i t i s c a l l e d a s “T uria” (Gujarati) and in Sanskrit “Ko shataki”. It is gro wn co mmercially as a s u m me r a nd r a i n y s e a s o n c r o p . I t i s c o m mu n a l l y us e d fo r v e ge t a b l e a nd fi b r e e x t r a c t i o n. T h e fr u i t s o f r i d ge go ur d a r e d e l i c i o u s a nd p o s s e s s go o d me d i c i n a l p r o p e r t i e s . T he e d i b l e p o r t i o n o f fr u i t c o n t a i ns p r o t e i n, fa t , mi ne r a l s , fi b r e , c a r b o h yd r a t e , v i t a mi n - A , t h i a mi n e , r i b o fl a v i n, ni c o t i ni c a c i d , vi t a mi n C , o xa l i c a c i d ( R a h ma n e t a l. 2 0 0 8 ) . S e e d o f r i d ge go ur d c o nt a i n s 1 8 . 3 t o 2 4 . 3 % o i l a nd 1 8 t o 2 5 % p r o t e i n.
I n d i f f e r e n t p a r t s o f t he c o u n t r y, s t i l l l o c a l s t r a i n s o f r i d ge go ur d a r e c o m me r c i a l l y gr o wn b y fa r me r s wh i c h r e s u l t i nt o v e r y l o w yi e l d . P o o r p e r fo r ma nc e o f l o c a l v a r i e t i e s i s d ue t o ge n e t i c i mp ur i t i e s . N o d o ub t , t he r e a r e fe w i mp r o ve d va r i e t i e s o f r i d ge go ur d a v a i l a b l e i n o ur c o u nt r y a nd a r e e xp l o i t e d c o m me r c i a l l y. T he r e fo r e , mo r e e mp h a s i s s ho u l d b e p a i d t o wa r d t h e d e v e l o p me n t o f h i g h y i e l d va r i e t i e s o r h yb r i d s . E xp l o i t a t i o n o f h yb r i d vi go ur ha s b e e n r e c o g ni z e d a s a n i mp o r t a n t t o o l fo r ma k i n g ge n e t i c i mp r o ve me n t o f yi e l d
a nd i t s a t t r i b ut i n g c h a r a c t e r s i n r i d g e go ur d b y s e ve r a l e a r l i e r wo r ke r s . T he r e fo r e , a s t ud y w a s c o nd u c t e d t o e v a l ua t e t he he t e r o s i s o f 2 8 h yb r i d s p o p u l a t i o n o f r i d ge go ur d .
ISSN 0975-928X
vi n e l e n gt h ( m) , p r i m a r y b r a nc he s p e r vi n e , fr u i t l e n gt h ( c m) , fr u i t gi r t h ( c m) , a v e r a ge fr ui t we i g ht ( g ) a nd fr u i t yi e l d p e r vi n e ( K g) . T h e s t a nd a r d p r o c e d ur e s we r e fo l l o we d fo r a na l ys i s o f va r i a n c e ( G o me z a nd G o me z , 1 9 8 4 ) a nd e s t i ma t i o n o f he t e r o s i s o ve r s t a nd a r d va r i e t y P u s a N a s d a r ( S V ) a s p e r me t ho d o f F o n s e c a a nd P a t t e r s o n ( 1 9 6 8 ) .
F r o m t h e AN O V A , i t wa s o b s e r ve d t ha t t h e me a n s q u a r e s d u e t o h yb r i d s a s we l l a s p a r e n t s we r e s i g n i f i c a n t fo r a l l t h e c h a r a c t e r s ( T a b l e 1 ) . T hi s r e ve a l e d t he p r e s e nc e o f g e ne t i c va r i a b i l i t y a mo n g t h e h yb r i d s a s we l l a s p a r e n t s u nd e r s t ud y. T he va r i a n c e d u e t o p a r e n t s a ga i n s t h yb r i d s wa s fo u nd s i g ni f i c a n t fo r a l l t he t r a i t s e x c e p t fo r fi r s t fe ma l e f l o we r i n g no d e a nd s e x r a t i o . T h u s , p e r fo r ma n c e o f p a r e nt s a nd h yb r i d s wa s c o mp l e t e l y d i f fe r e n t fr o m e a c h o t h e r fo r a l l t h e t r a i t s a nd e xi s t e nc e o f o ve r a l l he t e r o s i s wa s e vi d e nt fr o m s i g n i f i c a nc e o f p a r e n t s
v s. h yb r i d s .
T he p r i ma r y o b j e c t i v e o f h e t e r o s i s b r e e d i n g i s t o a c hi e ve a q ua n t u m j u mp i n yi e l d o f c r o p p l a nt s . H e t e r o s i s o ve r s t a nd a r d p a r e nt fo r e i g ht c ha r a c t e r s i s p r e s e nt e d i n T a b l e 2 . T he r e s u l t s i nd i c a t e d t h a t t he p he no me n o n o f he t e r o s i s wa s o f a ge ne r a l o c c ur r e nc e fo r a l mo s t a l l t he c h a r a c t e r s u nd e r s t ud y. S e ve r a l wo r ke r s r e p o r t e d s ub s t a n t i a l he t e r o s i s fo r va r i o u s a g r o no mi c c h a r a c t e r s b y M o l e e t a l. ( 2 0 0 1 ) a nd G a ut h a m e t a l. ( 2 0 0 4 ) .
I n t h e p r e s e nt s t ud y, n o ne o f t he h yb r i d wa s fo u nd c o n s i s t e nt l y s up e r i o r t o o t h e r s fo r a l l t he c ha r a c t e r s . C r o s s c o mb i n a t i o n A R G S 0 2 -1 4 x A R G S 0 3 -1 8 p r o d u c e d t he hi g h e s t s i g ni f i c a n t s t a n d a r d he t e r o s i s f o r fr u i t yi e l d p e r ve i n a nd a l s o p o s i t i v e e c o no mi c he t e r o s i s fo r yi e l d c o mp o ne n t s t r a i t s v i z s e x r a t i o , m a i n ve i n l e n gt h, fr u i t l e n gt h, fr u i t gi r t h a nd a v e r a ge fr u i t we i g h t . S i mi l a r l y, i n t he r e ma i ni n g c r o s s e s s ho wi n g e c o no mi c he t e r o s i s fo r fr u i t yi e l d a l s o e x h i b i t e d he t e r o s i s fo r a t l e a s t o n e o r mo r e yi e l d c o n t r i b u t i n g c h a r a c t e r s . T h i s s up p o r t s t he l o n g h e l d vi e w t ha t t o t a l yi e l d c o ul d b e t he r e s u l t
r e p o r t e d t ha t t ho s e c r o s s e s wh i c h a r e s up e r i o r i n yi e l d a l s o e x hi b i t e d h e t e r o s i s i n o ne o r mo r e yi e l d c o nt r i b ut i n g c o mp o n e nt t r a i t s . O n t h e b a s i s o f a b o ve r e s u l t s , t he s e c r o s s c o mb i na t i o n s c o ul d b e r e c o m me nd e d f o r c o mme r c i a l e xp l o i t a t i o n o f he t e r o s i s . T hi s s ho ul d b e t e s t e d o ve r o t he r l o c a t i o n s a nd ye a r s t o f ur t he r c o n fi r m i t s wo r t h.
References
F o n s e c a , S . a n d P a t t e r s o n , F . L . 1 9 6 8 . H y b r i d v i g o u r i n s e v e n p a r e n t a l d i a l l e l c r o s s e s i n c o m mo n w i n t e r w h e a t (T r i t i c u m a e s t i v u m L . ) . C r o p S c i. , 8: 8 5 - 8 8 .
G a u t h a m, B . , N e e r a j a , G . a n d R e d d y , I . P . 2 0 0 4 . E v a l u a t i o n o f p r o m i s i n g h yb r i d s i n r i d g e g o u r d (L u f f a a c u t a n g u l a L . ) . J . R e s . A N G R A U. 3 2: 3 4 - 3 8 .
Go m e z , K . A . a n d G o m e z , A . A . 1 9 8 4 . S t a t i s t i c a l p r o c e d u r e f o r a g r i c u l t u r a l r e s e a r c h . J o h n W i l e y a n d s o n s , I n c . L o n d o n , U K ( 2n d e d t n ) 1 3 - 1 7 5 . Harberg, A. 1952. Heterosis in F1 combination in
Galeopsis I and II.Hereditas, Land, 1: 221-225 Fide : Indian J. Genet., 29: 53-61.
I s l a m, S . , M u n s h i , A . D . a n d K u m a r , R . 2 0 1 2 . S t u d i e s o n h e t e r o s i s a n d c o mb i n i n g a b i l i t y f o r e a r l i n e s s a n d yi e l d i n s p o n g e g o u r d . I n d i a n J . H o r t. , 6 9: 3 4 8 - 3 5 2 .
M o l e , T . J . , D e v , S . N . , R a j a n , S . a n d S a d h a n k u m a r , P . G . 2 0 0 1 . H e t e r o s i s a n d c o mb i n i n g a b i l i t y i n r i d g e g o u r d
( L u f f a a c u t a n g u l a R O X B . ) . V e g . S c i. , 2 8: 1 6 5 - 1 6 7 .
Mule, P.N., Khandelwal, V., Lodam, V.A., Shinde, D.A., Patil, P.P. and Patil, A.B. 2012. Heterosis and combining ability in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Madras Agric. J., 99: 420-423. P a t e l , S . R . a n d D e s a i , D . T . 2 0 0 8 . H e t e r o s i s
a n d c o m b i n i n g a b i l i t y s t u d i e s i n s p o n g e g o u r d [L u f f a c y l i n d r i c a
( R o e m ) L . ] . V e g . S c i ., 3 5: 1 9 9 - 2 0 0 . P r a b h a k a r , B . N . 2 0 0 8 . C o m b i n i n g a b i l i t y a n d
h e t e r o s i s f o r f r u i t yi e l d a n d yi e l d c o mp o n e n t s i n r i d g e g o u r d (L u f f a a c u t a n g u l a L . ) . J . R e s . A N G R A U. ,
3 6: 2 4 - 3 2 .
R a h m a n , A . H . , A n i s u z z a m a n , M . ; F e r d o u s A . , A . K . , R a f i u l , I . a n d N a d e r u z z a m a n , A . T . 2 0 0 8 . S t u d y o f n u t r i t i v e va l u e a n d m e d i c i n a l u s e s o f c u l t i v a t e d c u c u r b i t s . J . A p p l . S c i . R e s. , 4: 5 5 5 - 5 5 8 .
ISSN 0975-928X
c u c u mb e r (C u c u m i s s a t i v u s L . ) . V e g . S c i. , 3 8: 2 3 7 - 2 3 8 .
S h a h a , S . R . a n d K a l e , P . N . 2 0 0 1 . S t u d i e s o n h e t e r o s i s a n d c o mb i n i n g a b i l i t y i n r i d g e g o u r d . A d v a n c e s i n H o r t i . a n d F o r e s t r y, 8: 1 5 9 - 1 6 5 .
S h a h a , S . R . a n d K a l e , P . N . 2 0 0 3 . H e t e r o s i s s t u d i e s i n r i d g e g o u r d . J . M a h a r a s h t r a A g r i c . U n i v ., 2 8: 3 3 4 -3 6 .
S h a i k h , J . A . , K a t h i r i a , K . B . a n d A c h a r y a , R . R . 2 0 1 1 . H e t e r o s i s a n d c o mb i n i n g a b i l i t y f o r f r u i t y i e l d a n d i t s c o mp o n e n t t r a i t s i n b o t t l e g o u r d [L a g e n a r i a s i c e r a r i a( M o l . ) S t a n d l . ] .
V e g . S c i. , 3 8: 1 6 9 - 1 7 5 .
S h a r m a , D . R . , C h o u d h a r y , M . R . , J a k h a r , M . L . a n d D a d h e e c h , S . 2 0 1 2 . He t e r o s i s i n b o t t l e g o u r d (L a g e n a r i a s i c e r a r i a
ISSN 0975-928X
T a b l e 1 . A n a l y s i s o f v a r i a n c e f o r v a r i o u s c h a r a c t e r s i n r i d g e g o u r d
S o ur c e s o f va r i a t i o n
d. f.
1st female flowering
node
Sex ratio Main
vine length
(m)
Primary branches/vine
Fruit length
(cm)
Fruit girth (cm)
Average fruit weight (g)
Fruit yield/ vine (Kg)
R e p l i c a t i o n 2 0.23 3.17 0.11 2.31 5.83 3.61 41.71 0.09
G e no t yp e 35 9.96** 179.57** 4.49** 7.33** 73.48** 11.14** 2699.18** 0.40**
P a r e n t s 7 17.19** 212.74** 4.47** 6.64** 116.32** 10.12** 2047.41** 0.23**
H yb r i d s 27 8.44** 177.45** 4.18** 7.24** 61.41** 11.20** 2877.05** 0.24**
P a r e n t s v s. H yb r i d s
1 0.21 4.56 12.86** 14.46** 99.21** 16.55** 2459.22** 5.80**
E r r o r 70 0.70 14.16 0.26 0.78 5.46 2.07 125.78 0.03
ISSN 0975-928X
T a b l e 2 . E s t i ma t e s o f h e t e r o s i s ( % ) o v e r s t a n d a r d v a r i e t y ( S V ) f o r v a r i o u s c h a r a c t e r s i n r i d g e g o u r d
Hybrids
1st female flowering
node
Sex ratio
Main vine length (m)
Primary branches/
vine
Fruit length (cm)
Fruit girth (cm)
Average fruit weight
(g)
Fruit yield/vine
(Kg)
ARGS 02-14 x ARGS 04-23 2.22 -20.25 -33.30** -24.39* -2.65 21.31* -3.89 -1.90
ARGS 02-14 x SKNRG 21 3.78 -9.26 -51.53** -47.28** -19.12** 13.11 -7.70 -5.71
ARGS 02-14 x ARGS 02-15 5.78 5.68 -42.61** -11.61 -18.56** 9.02 -4.02 9.52
ARGS 02-14 x ARGS 98-06 10.00* 42.59** -18.18* -24.78* -27.07** 17.49 14.38* 28.33*
ARGS 02-14 x Puas Nasdar 4.00 0.37 4.55 -5.33 15.48* -7.10 12.57* 5.24
ARGS 02-14 x ARGS 00-03 16.89** -3.70 -35.80** 8.94 -8.49 19.13 20.42** -4.29
ARGS 02-14 x ARGS 03-18 5.11 -33.33** -21.02** -29.06* -12.24 43.44** 22.93** 37.38**
ARGS 04-23 x SKNRG 21 4.89 -18.89 -44.32** 4.00 -16.31* -22.13* -27.28** 20.24
ARGS 04-23 x ARGS 02-15 12.00* 1.98 -13.07 -12.56 -12.31 13.66 -22.48** -5.95
ARGS 04-23 x ARGS 98-06 13.78** -8.64 -37.50** -16.28 -1.50 1.64 -19.69** 26.67*
ARGS 04-23 x Puas Nasdar 14.67** -23.93* 11.36 -2.33 16.54* -0.27 -13.82* 2.86
ARGS 04-23 x ARGS 00-03 23.56** -2.38 -22.16** 36.11** -4.90 27.60** -11.24 34.76**
ARGS 04-23 x ARGS 03-18 7.11 -0.63 -10.74 -32.78** 13.95* 4.92 -40.98** 12.86
SKNRG 21 x ARGS 02-15 -21.78** 21.73 -38.64** -6.67 -20.34** 13.93 2.60 -30.71**
SKNRG 21 x ARGS 98-06 -9.78* 8.40 -21.59** 2.22 -33.05** 5.74 11.57* 5.48
SKNRG 21 x Puas Nasdar 3.56 40.25** 10.23 -23.33 27.41** 20.77* 25.04** 12.38
SKNRG 21 x ARGS 00-03 -23.78** 68.64** -16.48* 5.00 11.91 42.35** -13.15* 6.67
SKNRG 21 x ARGS 03-18 -3.33 -7.78 -1.70 -45.94** 1.18 21.31* -24.47** 25.00*
ARGS 02-15 x ARGS 98-06 10.44* 17.90 -15.91* -15.39 -19.54** 11.75 8.97 -1.90
ARGS 02-15 x Puas Nasdar 10.67* 45.43** -8.24 58.33** 8.24 -13.39 -10.72 4.76
ARGS 02-15 x ARGS 00-03 3.11 39.75** -36.36** 33.33** -5.48 32.24** 17.17** -34.29**
ARGS 02-15 x ARGS 03-18 0.22 -8.52 -3.47 20.00 7.42 9.56 -21.12** 5.48
ARGS 98-06 x Puas Nasdar 17.33** -27.63* 11.36 -10.00 5.38 12.30 15.15** 10.48
ARGS 98-06 X ARGS 00-03 10.89* -38.41** -22.22** 23.33 19.44** 34.97** 32.30** 63.81**
ARGS 98-06 x ARGS 03-18 -9.33* -11.74 -4.55 -41.67** 14.55* -3.28 21.71** 10.71
Puas Nasdar x ARGS 00-03 20.22** 67.52** -30.11** 26.11* 0.11 19.40* 14.40* -14.05
Puas Nasdar x ARGS 03-18 14.44** 23.21* -25.00** -25.00* 13.12* 12.57 -23.02** -1.67
ARGS 00-03 x ARGS 03-18 5.56 11.86 34.09** -15.56 -5.59 37.70** -12.36* 31.67**