Review Class Day 2
Classical Civilizations & Early Belief Systems:
Qin, Han, Mayura, Maya, Greek City-States, Alexander the Great’s Empire & Rome Legalism, Daoism, Confucianism, Hinduism, Buddhism
China
Geography: Mountains, desert & ocean caused isolation: “______________________________”
_____________ 221-206 BC
________________________ abolished the feudal system & centralized power-created military districts ruled by an appointed official
Standardized measurements, national coins, uniform writing, repaired roads & canals
-Built the ________________________________ for protection (to keep out invaders)
Shi Huangdi died in 210 BC, people revolted
__________________ (206-220 AD)
Peasant leader took control, reduced taxes & eased harsh policies of the Qin
_______________ was the most famous:
Established a __________________________________ = exams used to determine who would get government jobs (Exams were based on the teachings of ___________________)
Improved roads & canals, strengthened the economy: _________________________
Confucian values were established in Chinese ________________________ & __________________
“________________________” contributions:
Paper out of wood pulp, wheelbarrow, fishing reel, rudder, acupuncture, herbal remedies, anesthesia, chemistry, zoology & botany texts, jade & ivory carvings, bronze, ceramics, silks
Confucianism
Confucius wrote The Analects in 551 BC
People should accept his/her place in society: social order
filial piety =
People had certain __________________ & ___________________________ based on their place in society
People are naturally good
Hinduism-about 1500BC
Developed by habitants of the Indus Valley & _________________________
Polytheistic =
Reincarnation & the caste system
Goal is to achieve union with brahman, but this is impossible to achieve during one lifetime
Hopefully good behavior during this lifetime will mean you are born into a higher caste when you are born into your next life
____________________ = deeds of a person’s life that affect his/her existence in the next life
Dharma =
_____________________ = level you are born into, can move higher until next life
India
Geography: a ______________________________, but plains, mountains & plateau made it difficult to unite
_______________________ Empire 321-185 BC
Started in ________________________ Valley, was the first united Indian Empire
Established a ________________________ = way of managing a government through departments that were run by appointed officials who did things like tax collection & building of infrastructure = _______________ & ________________
_____________ was a Buddhist ruler known for ____________________________________________________
United a diverse group of people, & brought peace & prosperity: schools, library
Spread Buddhism with missionary (= _________________________________________________) efforts
Buddhism
Developed in ______________________, spread to other areas
Founded by ________________________________ in the 500s BC, later known as the Buddha = Enlightened One
_______________________________
_______________________________
“Right” ways of acting to achieve nirvana = union with the universe to release from the cycle of death & rebirth
The Significance of Agriculture in Meso-America
___________________ = corn = most important crop
Meso-America = south from central Mexico to the northern reaches of modern-day Honduras (location of the first complex societies in the region)
As a result, more human needs were met & a more complex society could emerge
___________________ 200BC-AD900
Geography: made it easy for agriculture to become highly developed
At least 50 ___________________________, each with a god-king ruler
-linked through alliances & trade
Class structure: priests & warriors, merchants & artisans, peasants
-Built huge _________________________ for gods & rulers
religion: ________________________
________________________ used to predict what god was in charge of the day -highly skilled astronomers & mathematicians
writing system to record important historical events
downfall unclear: overpopulation? warfare?
Greece
Geography
______________________ therefore the people became seafaring who used the oceans for trade and food
______________________ interior
caused _______________________________ to form along the coast
Greek City-States
Began to emerge around 800 BC
Called _________________ consisted of a city & its surrounding countryside
50-500 square miles of territory; 20,000 or less residents
Each had an acropolis =
Each had its own army & government (hence influencing our word political)
Monarchy =
Oligarchy =
Tyranny
**________________________
______________ & ________________ were the largest, but were vastly different
Accomplishments of Ancient Athens
Democracy =
_____________________ Funeral Oration
Mathematics (Pythagoras, Euclid, Archimedes)
Philosophy (drama, reasoning, natural world)
Sophocles
“The world is full of wonders, but none is more wonderful than man”
Architecture ______________________ =
The Olympics
Alexander the Great & Hellenistic Culture
Alexander the Great’s Empire included _________________, ___________________, __________________ &
___________________________________
Alexander did not enslave or massacre conquered peoples but encouraged ____________________________
Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures mix creating a semi-unified, Greek-influence _____________________ Culture
________________________ was founded in 332/331 BCE
Is unique amongst ancient cities because it is a ___________________________, with grid-like roads and streets, paved roads, and specific sections for various groups and businesses
-Rome
Geography: _______________________
Early Roman Government
_____________________ =
Three branches of government, ________________________ = makes laws (legislative)
Roman Accomplishments “Pax Romana” = Golden Age
Conquered a large empire under strong leadership
Success due to loyal & flexible legions
Built …
Inspired by classical Greek architecture and added techniques of ________________ & ________________
Government run with a successful ____________________________
The Fall of Rome
Human suffering: citizens were poor, unhappy & had little freedom
____________________________ preached peace, charity & devotion
Ideas spread quickly because of the excellent road system
Christianity
Based on the teachings of Jesus
a Jew & a Roman subject
Ignored wealth & status = __________________________________
-Love for God, neighbors, enemies & themselves
Promised eternal life after death
Quiz
1. The Romans first established a republic, or a government in which
(1) power rests with citizens who have the right to select their leaders (2) power rests with a small minority who are supported by the military (3) power rests with the citizens who participate directly in law-making (4) power rests with the nobility and the wealthy
2. Hammurabi’s Code, the Ten Commandments, and the Twelve Tables were all significant to their societies because they established
(1) democratic governments (2) official religions
3. One way in which filial piety in Confucian China and citizenship in ancient Athens are similar is that both emphasized duties and responsibilities in society
encouraged the development of advanced technology promoted respect for the physical environment required that legalist principles be followed
4. Which belief system was the basis for the civil service exams given during the Han, Tang, and Song dynasties?
legalism (3) Buddhism
Daoism (4) Confucianism
5. A person who practices Hinduism would most likely believe the Vedas are sacred
worship in a synagogue pray facing Mecca
make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem
6. At the height of its power, which ancient civilization controlled the entire coastal region surrounding the Mediterranean Sea?
(1) Phoenician (3) Roman (2) Persian (4) Carthaginian
7. What effect did the geography of ancient Greece have on its early development? (1) The mountainous terrain led to the creation of independent city-states. (2) A lack of natural seaports limited communication.
(3) An inland location hindered trade and colonization. (4) Abundant natural resources encouraged self-sufficiency.
8. What was one of the most important contributions of the Greek city-state of Athens? (1) development of direct democracy
(2) diffusion of a monotheistic belief system (3) promotion of the equality of all humans (4) creation of a writing system using hieroglyphics
Base your answers to questions 9 on the graphic below and your knowledge of social studies.
