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CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER I CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 1

1..11 IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn 1.

1.22 HiHiststororicical al babackckgrgrouound nd of of totoururisismm 1.

1.33 SSccooppe e oof f ttoouurriissm m iin n NNeeppaall 1.

1.44 MMeaeannining ag annd od objbjecectitivve oe of tf touourrisismm 1.

1.55 PrProboblelems ams and pnd prorospspecects ots of tof toururisism in m in NeNepapall 1.

1.66 ExExpapansnsioion ann and did diveversrsifificicatatioion of tn of tououririst ast attttraractctioionn 1.

1.77 OObbjejecctitivves es of of ththe e fifieeldldwoworrkk 1

1..88 LLiimmiittaattiioon n oof f ssttuuddyy 1

1..99 NNeeeed d oof f ssttuuddyy 1.1

1.100 MetMethod hod of of dadata ta colcollelectiction aon and nd prproceocessssinging

CHAPTER II CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 12-16 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 12-16 2 2..11 CCoonncceeppt t oof f ttoouurriissmm 2

2..22 NNaattuurre e oof f ttoouurriissmm 2

2..33 TTyyppees s oof f ttoouurriissmm 2

2..44 IImmppoorrttaanncce oe of tf toouurriissmm

CHAPTER III CHAPTER III

TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN NEPAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN NEPAL 3.

3.11 ToToururisism dm devevelelopopmement nt ususining vg vararioious us plplan an pepeririodod 3.

3.22 NeNew tw touourirism sm popolilicy cy 191995 95 & i& its ts obobjejectctiviveses 3.

3.2.2.11 BaBassic ic PPololicicyy 3.

3.2.2.22 PoPolilicy cy StStraratetegigieses 3.

3.33 ClClasassisifificacatition oon of tf touourirism ism indndusustrtrieiess 3

3..44 MMaannppoowweer dr deevveellooppmmeenntt 3.5

3.5 FaFacilcilitiities es and and incincententiveives ts to tho the te tourourism ism indindustustry & ry & bubusinsinessess 3.

3.66 EExixiststining tg tououririssm im innststitituutitionon

Public sector & private sector institution Public sector & private sector institution

CHAPTER IV CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION & ANALYSIS OF DATA PRESENTATION & ANALYSIS OF DATA

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4.

4.11 ToTouurrisist at arrririvaval tl trrenend id in Nn Nepepaall 4.

4.22 ToToururisist at arrrrivival al by by pupurprposose e of of vivisisitt 4.

4.33 ToToururisist art arririvaval bl by thy the me modode of e of trtrananspsporort of at of airirlilineness 4.

4.44 ToTouurrisist at arrririvaval bl by ny naatitiononaallitityy 4.

4.55 IImmppaacct ot of tf toouurriissm im in Nn Neeppaall Foreign exchange earning &

Foreign exchange earning & employment generationemployment generation

CHAPTER V CHAPTER V

SUMMARY & FINDINGS SUMMARY & FINDINGS 5 5..11 SSuummmmaarryy 5 5..22 FFiinnddiinnggss CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION CONCLUSION CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VII RECOMMENDATION RECOMMENDATION BIBLOGRAPHY  BIBLOGRAPHY  List of table List of table  Tourist arrivals (1962-2004)  Tourist arrivals (1962-2004)

 Tourist arrivals by month (2003 vs. 2004)  Tourist arrivals by month (2003 vs. 2004)  Tourist arrivals by Age Group & Sex (2003

 Tourist arrivals by Age Group & Sex (2003 vs. 2004)vs. 2004)  Tourist arrivals by purpose of visit

 Tourist arrivals by purpose of visit

 Tourist arrivals by mode of transport (2003 vs. 2004)  Tourist arrivals by mode of transport (2003 vs. 2004)  Tourist arrivals by nationality (2003 vs. 2004)

 Tourist arrivals by nationality (2003 vs. 2004)

Foreign exchange earning from tourism (2002 - 2004) Foreign exchange earning from tourism (2002 - 2004) Employment generation Employment generation List of Diagram List of Diagram  Tourist arrivals (1990-2004)  Tourist arrivals (1990-2004)

 Tourist arrivals of month (2003 vs. 2004)  Tourist arrivals of month (2003 vs. 2004)  Tourist arrivals by Age group & Sex (2003

 Tourist arrivals by Age group & Sex (2003 vs. 2004)vs. 2004)  Tourist arrivals by nationality in 2004

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Employment earning from tourism (trend) Employment earning from tourism (trend) Employment generation

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Chapter I Chapter I INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 1 1..11 IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN

N

N

epal is one of the small but richest countries in the world in the in term of epal is one of the small but richest countries in the world in the in term of bio-diversity due to its unique geographical position and altitude variation. It is one of diversity due to its unique geographical position and altitude variation. It is one of thethe world's best places to explore as religious, culture and natural resources. Because of  world's best places to explore as religious, culture and natural resources. Because of  the presence of fine blend of art, culture and tradition along with natural beauty, with the presence of fine blend of art, culture and tradition along with natural beauty, with varieties of beauty and pleasure to offer, Nepal has a great potential to attract all varieties of beauty and pleasure to offer, Nepal has a great potential to attract all types of tourist from all over the world. The main attraction of the tourist due to types of tourist from all over the world. The main attraction of the tourist due to having following

having following ingredients:ingredients:

12

12 NepaNepal's nl's naturatural atal attractraction.tion. 13

13 Resulting Resulting from physicafrom physical, historil, historical and cal and cultural moncultural monuments and uments and temples.temples. 14

14 Art treaArt treasure ansure and festivd festivals and its wials and its wildlifldlife.e. 15

15 HimaHimalayalayas and their scenic beas and their scenic beauties are alsuties are also the o the prompromineninent attractt attraction to theion to the visitors.

visitors. 16

16 The laThe land of ynd of yeti aneti and land od land of Buddf Buddha.ha. 17

17 Peaked mounPeaked mountain river atain river and lakes connd lakes conductive climate ductive climate and mysteriouand mysterious charm.s charm.

 Tourism is multifarious industry, which promotes cottage industries, trade and other  Tourism is multifarious industry, which promotes cottage industries, trade and other series sector. It is the second largest sources of foreign exchange earning. The total series sector. It is the second largest sources of foreign exchange earning. The total percentage change of tourist arrivals from FY 2002/03 has increased by 22.7% and percentage change of tourist arrivals from FY 2002/03 has increased by 22.7% and the foreign exchange earnings during the FY 2002/03 increased by 80.5%.

the foreign exchange earnings during the FY 2002/03 increased by 80.5%.

In 2002 the total number of tourists visiting Nepal reached 275463. Tourism has not In 2002 the total number of tourists visiting Nepal reached 275463. Tourism has not been long. Since Nepal was opened to foreign tourist. But the tourist inflow rate of  been long. Since Nepal was opened to foreign tourist. But the tourist inflow rate of  Nepal has been increasing day by day. According to the propose of visit, in 2002, Nepal has been increasing day by day. According to the propose of visit, in 2002, 11

11010143 43 totoururisist t vivisisit t NeNepapal l fofor r hoholilidaday y plpleaeasusurere, , 595927279 9 fofor r trtrekekkiking ng anandd mountaineering, 16990 for business, 12366 for pilgrimage, 17783 for official and mountaineering, 16990 for business, 12366 for pilgrimage, 17783 for official and 58907 for others.

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Considering the growing importance of tourist; government had

Considering the growing importance of tourist; government had formed different planformed different plan and

and polpoliciicies es anand d an an impimplemlemententatiation on strstrateategy gy proprovidvides, es, difdifferferent ent facfaciliilitieties s andand incentives to develop the

incentives to develop the tourism sector. Besides these the institutional arrangementtourism sector. Besides these the institutional arrangement like tourism council, ministry of

like tourism council, ministry of tourism and civil aviation, department of tourism tourism and civil aviation, department of tourism andand tourism development board have been

tourism development board have been created for its development.created for its development. "Visit Nepal Year 1998" was one of

"Visit Nepal Year 1998" was one of the major steps by government in other to the major steps by government in other to identifyidentify Nepal as one of the special tourist destination in the world. The main objectives of  Nepal as one of the special tourist destination in the world. The main objectives of  "Visit Nepal Year 1998" were to inflow of tourist to 5 million; attract quality tourists "Visit Nepal Year 1998" were to inflow of tourist to 5 million; attract quality tourists and

and incrincreasieasing ng their expendtheir expendituriture. e. AccoAccordinrding g to to the the govegovernmernment nt versversion ion the the "Vis"Visitit Nepal Year 1998"

Nepal Year 1998" was successful in attracting more tourists. Similarly the was successful in attracting more tourists. Similarly the declarationdeclaration of "2007" as the

of "2007" as the "destination"destinations Nepal year" is aimed to attract more tourists in comings Nepal year" is aimed to attract more tourists in coming years.

years.

1.

1.22 HHIISSTTOORRICICAAL L BBAACCKKGGRROOUUNNDD   Tour

  Tourism is ism is a a humahuman n actiactivity, which has proved importvity, which has proved important for ant for all nationall nations s sincsince e itit fosters international brotherhood and understanding. In Nepal, the modern concept fosters international brotherhood and understanding. In Nepal, the modern concept of

of toutourisrism m is is a a recrecent ent phphenoenomenmenon. on. AltAlthouhough gh the the infinflow low of of VisVisitoitors rs for for difdifferferentent purpose was there for very early periods, the study of the inflow of foreign visitors to purpose was there for very early periods, the study of the inflow of foreign visitors to Nepal can be classified in

Nepal can be classified in the following three stages.the following three stages.

1.2.1

1.2.1 EARLY EARLY HISTORHISTORICAL ICAL REVIEW REVIEW OF TOOF TOURISM URISM IN NEIN NEPALPAL Before the unification of

Before the unification of Nepal by late king Nepal by late king Prithivi Narayan Shah, tourism was closelyPrithivi Narayan Shah, tourism was closely related to religion, polities and business. Many visitors, namely from the neighboring related to religion, polities and business. Many visitors, namely from the neighboring countries of China, India and Tibet visited Nepal for religious purpose. Among are countries of China, India and Tibet visited Nepal for religious purpose. Among are notable persons. But "Manjushree" is the first visitors in Nepal to make the valley fit notable persons. But "Manjushree" is the first visitors in Nepal to make the valley fit or human habitation either India or China. During the time of Lichhavi rulers the or human habitation either India or China. During the time of Lichhavi rulers the famou

famous s ChinChinese ese travtraveler Huich-Teler Huich-Tsang and sang and also Chinesalso Chinese e envoenvoy, y, Li-Y-Li-Y-Pio Pio and and WanWangg Hiuentse visited Nepal with his companions.

Hiuentse visited Nepal with his companions.

1.2.

1.2.22 TOUTOURISRISM AFTEM AFTER UNIFR UNIFICAICATION OTION OF NEPF NEPALAL

After the unification of Nepal, visitors from Britain came to Nepal for political purpose. After the unification of Nepal, visitors from Britain came to Nepal for political purpose. Among the Knox, Hamilton and captain Kirkpatrick were notable persons. During the Among the Knox, Hamilton and captain Kirkpatrick were notable persons. During the region was vertically closed for outsiders, especially Europeans in other to preserve region was vertically closed for outsiders, especially Europeans in other to preserve unity and

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1.

1.2.32.3 TOTOURURISISM AFM AFTETER 19R 195050

1846: One of the important dates in Nepal's history: it marked the advent of the 1846: One of the important dates in Nepal's history: it marked the advent of the "RANA" regime that lasted until 1950; 104

"RANA" regime that lasted until 1950; 104 years during which the successive Kings of years during which the successive Kings of  Nepal, although formally remaining on their throne with all the external decorum Nepal, although formally remaining on their throne with all the external decorum were in fact relegated to purely

were in fact relegated to purely nominal and honorific role, deprived of all nominal and honorific role, deprived of all power andpower and authority. During that period, Nepal was a forbidden land for foreigners except for the authority. During that period, Nepal was a forbidden land for foreigners except for the sma

small ll tratraderders s anand d IndIndiaian n pilpilgrgrimsims. . OuOutsitsiderders s wewere re loclocked ked upupon on wiwith th an an eye eye of of  sus

suspicpicionion, , an an acaccoucount nt of of clclose relatose relationionshship ip wiwith th the Britithe British sh in in IndIndia, only ia, only a a fewfew foreigners changed to visit Nepal. From time to time several distinguished botanists foreigners changed to visit Nepal. From time to time several distinguished botanists and naturalists including Sir Brian Hodgson, F.R.S. (who was resident from and naturalists including Sir Brian Hodgson, F.R.S. (who was resident from 1822-1843) and Sir Joseph

1843) and Sir Joseph Hooker F.R.S. who had made botanical surveys and collection of Hooker F.R.S. who had made botanical surveys and collection of  Nepal's flora and fauna, traveled the country. Among the European visitors, British Nepal's flora and fauna, traveled the country. Among the European visitors, British King George v Prince of Wales came to Nepal for the purpose of hunting tigers in King George v Prince of Wales came to Nepal for the purpose of hunting tigers in tara

tarai i foresforest t in in 1911 and 1911 and 1921 respect1921 respectivelively. y. Due Due to to the deliberathe deliberately conservtely conservativativee policy of Rana rulers, Nepal remained virtually isolated and unknown to the outside policy of Rana rulers, Nepal remained virtually isolated and unknown to the outside world.

world.

From the point of view of tourism the great revolution of 1951 was a boon for Nepal. From the point of view of tourism the great revolution of 1951 was a boon for Nepal. In the realization of this fact, Nepal obtained the membership of international union In the realization of this fact, Nepal obtained the membership of international union of official travel organization in 1959 and pacific area travel association in 1964. Even of official travel organization in 1959 and pacific area travel association in 1964. Even Nep

Nepal al its its doodoor r sisince nce 1951951, 1, prpromoomotiotion n of of 1961960's0's. . AftAfter er conconsidsideraeratiotion n the the gregreatat importance of tourism. Development of tourism was established to make organized importance of tourism. Development of tourism was established to make organized efforts at the government level for

efforts at the government level for the development of tourism. A the development of tourism. A tourism centre wastourism centre was established to provide training facilities for tourism development. Tourism act was established to provide training facilities for tourism development. Tourism act was promu

promulgatlgated ed in in 1964 because of 1964 because of the the incrincreasieasing ng numbnumber er tourtourist ist and importanand importance.ce. Ministry of incentives to the tourism industry and business, industrial enterprises act Ministry of incentives to the tourism industry and business, industrial enterprises act and foreign investment and technology transfer act 1992 was promulgated in Nepal and foreign investment and technology transfer act 1992 was promulgated in Nepal gazette by HMG.

gazette by HMG.

In

In prespresent contest, the ent contest, the govegovernmernment nt and private sector jointly trying to and private sector jointly trying to develdevelop op thethe in

infrfrasastrtrucuctuture re fofor r ththe e totoururisism, m, NeNepapal l totoururisism m boboarard d wawas s esestatablblisishehed. d. MaManyny international chains of hotels were organized, which represent "Nepal as world of its international chains of hotels were organized, which represent "Nepal as world of its own".

own".

1.

1.33 SSCCOOPPE OE OF TF TOOUURRISISM IM IN NN NEEPPAALL

In Nepal, tourism is not only important economic sources of foreign currency but also In Nepal, tourism is not only important economic sources of foreign currency but also a major employment generator. By the medium of tourism people, can exchange a major employment generator. By the medium of tourism people, can exchange

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kno

knowlewledgedge. . AnAnd d crcreateate e undunderserstatandinding ng amamong ong the the peopeople ple of of the the worworld. ld. TouTourirismsm provided us an opportunity to understand society, habits, food and the way of life provided us an opportunity to understand society, habits, food and the way of life style of

style of different nations. Directly and indirectly Nepalese people are getting benefitsdifferent nations. Directly and indirectly Nepalese people are getting benefits from the tourism, many people are getting employment from this sector. Because of  from the tourism, many people are getting employment from this sector. Because of  the demands of

the demands of localocal l produproducts, incenticts, incentives to ves to the local the local crafcrafts ts and industrand industries andies and artistic skills of the people is increased. Flock-lore, traditional ceremonies, art and artistic skills of the people is increased. Flock-lore, traditional ceremonies, art and industry are r

industry are reviewed becaeviewed because tourists aruse tourists are interested in the interested in them. em. Socially cultuSocially culturally,rally,  Tourism is product, which

 Tourism is product, which encourages intellectuencourages intellectual curiosity among people al curiosity among people and nationsand nations and develops a healthy

and develops a healthy respect for another's beliefs and custom.respect for another's beliefs and custom.

1

1..44 MMEEAANNIINNG OG OF TF TOOUURRIISSMM

 The directory meaning of the word Tourism is "organizing touring or other services  The directory meaning of the word Tourism is "organizing touring or other services for tourists". Generally, tourism is to travel abroad from country to country with a for tourists". Generally, tourism is to travel abroad from country to country with a view

view to to sighsightseetseeing, ing, trektrekking, king, mountmountaineaineerinering, g, enjoyenjoying ing scenscenic ic beaubeauty, ty, studstudyingying cultural heritage etc. All enterprises that are connected with and facilities traveling cultural heritage etc. All enterprises that are connected with and facilities traveling constitute the tourism industry.

constitute the tourism industry.

At

At onone e titime me totoururisism m wawas s coconcncerernened d to to trtravavel el rerelalateted d jojobs bs ononlyly. . MaMassss competition developed the cut throat competitions and developed the concept of  competition developed the cut throat competitions and developed the concept of  "su

"survirvival val of of the the fitfittestest", t", new new ideidea a and and desdestintinatationions, s, expexplorloring ing virvirgin gin lalandsndscapcape,e, providing but quality service and accommodation at best prices. The technique of  providing but quality service and accommodation at best prices. The technique of  managing all these aspects of travel related job is known as "Tourism".

managing all these aspects of travel related job is known as "Tourism".

In conclusion, "Tourism is all activities undertaken by people staying away In conclusion, "Tourism is all activities undertaken by people staying away from home for 24 hours or more, on holiday, visiting friends or relatives, at business from home for 24 hours or more, on holiday, visiting friends or relatives, at business or other conferences or any peoples other than for i.e. boarding education and semi or other conferences or any peoples other than for i.e. boarding education and semi permanent employment. It doesn’t include day trippers from a home address either permanent employment. It doesn’t include day trippers from a home address either outside the country or with in.

outside the country or with in.

……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……….. ………..

Nepalese Economics by Prof. A.

Nepalese Economics by Prof. A. M. ShresthaM. Shrestha  Tourism Policy 2052

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OBJECTIVE OF TOURISM OBJECTIVE OF TOURISM

18

18 To establTo establisheished Nepal as a d Nepal as a primprime destinae destination in the tourism marketion in the tourism market throught through effective publicity and promotion.

effective publicity and promotion.

19

19 To To estestabablislished backwhed backwarard d and forwand forward linkard linkagage e of of toutourisrism m secsector with thetor with the na

natiotional econonal economy my so so as as to to devdeveloelop p it it an an impimportortant sectoant sector r for the for the oveoverarallll economic development.

economic development.

20

20 To To enenhahancnce e ememplployoymement nt opoppoportrtununititieies, s, inincocome me gegeneneraratition on anand d foforereigignn currency earning from the tourism sector and internal these benefits down to currency earning from the tourism sector and internal these benefits down to the village level.

the village level.

1.

1.55 PRPROBOBLELEM ANM AND PRD PROSOSPEPECTCTS OF TS OF TOUOURIRISM ISM IN NN NEPEPALAL

In spite of tremendous importance and various efforts, Nepal does not seem to have In spite of tremendous importance and various efforts, Nepal does not seem to have been able to attain desired result in tourism development rapidly on the account of  been able to attain desired result in tourism development rapidly on the account of  the following problems.

the following problems.

21

21 Limited touriLimited tourist spots whst spots which are ich are also not valso not very much ery much developed.developed.

22

22 ShorShortage of tage of necnecessaessary infrasry infrastructructuretures for s for propproper developer development of ment of exisexisting asting as well as feasible tourists places.

well as feasible tourists places. 23

23 Basic reqBasic requirements neeuirements needs for the devds for the development of touriselopment of tourism are still m are still inadequate.inadequate.

24

24 ProbProblem of overcrowlem of overcrowding and envirding and environmenonment t pollupollution, whiction, which is h is hamhamperipering theng the

tourism in Nepal. tourism in Nepal. 25

25 World heriWorld heritage sites atage sites are not properre not properly maintained ly maintained incase of culincase of culture tourism.ture tourism.

26

26 LacLack k of of apappropropripriatate e proprogrgrams to ams to insinspirpire e toutouririst st to stay to stay lonlonger in ger in NeNepal anpal an spend higher

spend higher expenditure.expenditure.

27

27 Limited internLimited internal air seral air services which vices which are also nare also not up to the reot up to the required standquired standard.ard. 28

28 PrProbloblems in ems in adadvenventurture e toutourirism, in sm, in teterms of rms of the devethe developlopmenment t of the of the newnew trekking routes and tourism spots.

trekking routes and tourism spots. 29

29 Lack Lack of peof personrsonnel snel securecurity.ity. 30

30 Lack of clLack of clear-cut aear-cut and comprehennd comprehensive natisive national tourism onal tourism policy.policy.

31

31 Lack of attentLack of attention paid by HMG ion paid by HMG to maintain sto maintain standard in ttandard in tourism industrourism industry.y.

32

32 Government Government steps towarsteps towards individds individual are ual are still unstill unsatisfactory.satisfactory.

33

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PROTEST OF TOURISM IN NEPAL PROTEST OF TOURISM IN NEPAL

Nepal is probably one of the most fascinating and beautiful countries in the world. Nepal is probably one of the most fascinating and beautiful countries in the world.  Tourists visited Nepal to experience the world's famous Himalayan peaks; unique  Tourists visited Nepal to experience the world's famous Himalayan peaks; unique

arc

archithitectecture ure rereserserveved d in in ancancienient t towtowns ns anand d the the warwarm m wewelcolcome me of of eveever r smismilinlingg people. It posses numerous possibilities of developing tourist traffic because three people. It posses numerous possibilities of developing tourist traffic because three are

are in in the the coucountrntry y uniunique que geogeogragraphiphical cal feafeaturtures es and and culculturtural al chacharmrms. s. The The mamainin fea

featurtures es of of toutourisristy ty pospossibsibiliilitieties s in in the the coucountrntry y may may be be outoutlinlined ed undunder er folfollowlowinging points.

points.

34

34 BecaBecause of unique situuse of unique situatioation on n on the souththe southern sighern sight of t of the mightthe mighty Himalayy Himalayan of an of  mou

mountantain, in, thethere re arare e numnumeroerous us scescenic nic beabeautiuties es in in varvariouious s secsector tor of of thethe country; there are snow capped mountain peaks with grand glaciers sliding country; there are snow capped mountain peaks with grand glaciers sliding down through narrow valleys. Some parts are

down through narrow valleys. Some parts are bare rocky ranges with splendidbare rocky ranges with splendid landscape, some parts are forested ranges with charming scenery, some parts landscape, some parts are forested ranges with charming scenery, some parts are spotted with pleasant lakes, springs and falls, some parts are curved by are spotted with pleasant lakes, springs and falls, some parts are curved by several winding rivers and river let's jumping down through steep mountain several winding rivers and river let's jumping down through steep mountain valley and in various mountainous parts

valley and in various mountainous parts of Nepal.of Nepal.

35

35 The main imporThe main important tourist centant tourist centers are ters are Kathmandu, PaKathmandu, Patan, Bhaktatan, Bhaktapur, Kirtipurpur, Kirtipur,, Pok

Pokhaharara, , LumLumbinbini, i, MaMananang, ng, JomJomsomsom, , DhuDhuliklikhelhel, , HeHelamlambu, bu, GosGosainainkunkunda,da, Nagarkot and so on.

Nagarkot and so on.

36

36 ThesThese are many famous temple are many famous temples, stupaes, stupas, holy centers, holy centers and durbar squars and durbar squares ines in various zone of Nepal. Among them kumari temple is

various zone of Nepal. Among them kumari temple is one of the famous one of the famous livingliving goddess's temple. The temple of Kathmandu valley is of great religious and goddess's temple. The temple of Kathmandu valley is of great religious and cultural importance because their walls, windows, and doors have been so cultural importance because their walls, windows, and doors have been so ca

carverved d anand d papaintinted ed as as to to prepresensent t vavariorious us ararts ts culculturture e anand d belbeliefiefs s of of thethe ancient people in Nepal. There are also; laces of early kings in which are ancient people in Nepal. There are also; laces of early kings in which are manifested several culture and architecture glories of

manifested several culture and architecture glories of ancient Nepal.ancient Nepal.

37

37 FuFurtrthehermrmorore, e, NeNepapal l is is a a cocoununtrtry y whwherere e laland nd roroutute e fofollllowower er totoururisist t fefeelelss tr

trememenendodous us rerelilief ef to to be be hehere re anand d fifind nd pepeacacefeful ul susurrrrououndndining g anand d gogoodod en

enviviroronmnmenent. t. PePerhrhapaps, s, it it mamay y be be dudue e to to frfrieiendndly ly NeNepapalelese se pepeopople le anandd hospitable by nature, the tourist will have no difficulty in adjusting in general. hospitable by nature, the tourist will have no difficulty in adjusting in general.  These all are great attraction to

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EXPANSION AND DIVERSIFICATION OF TOURIST ATTRACTION EXPANSION AND DIVERSIFICATION OF TOURIST ATTRACTION

38

38 The tourisThe tourism industrm industry will be y will be idenidentifietified as a d as a priopriority sectrity sector and the investmeor and the investmentnt will be

will be mobilized accordingly.mobilized accordingly. 39

39 EmpEmphashasis is wilwill l be be givgiven en to to prproduoduce ce loclocal al googoods ds and handand handicricraftafts s for tourifor touristst consumption.

consumption. 40

40 Eco Eco toutourisrism, m, medmedicaical l toutourisrism m conconferferencence e and and conconvenventiotion n toutourisrism, m, culculturturalal tou

tourisrism, m, fesfestivtival al toutourisrism, m, scscienientiftific ic toutourisrism, m, vilvillalage ge toutourisrism, m, advadvententureure tou

tourisrism, m, holholidaiday y toutourisrism, m, sposports rts toutourisrism m and and othother er vavalue lue babased sed toutourisrismm activities will be performed.

activities will be performed.

41

41 The particThe participatipation of ion of localocal governmel government bodies, municint bodies, municipalipalitiesties, vpcs , vpcs and NGOSand NGOS wil

will l be be sousought ght to to conconserserve ve anand d devdeveloelop p relreligiigiousous, , culculturtural al and and hishistortoricaicall heritage sites in the Kathmandu valley and

heritage sites in the Kathmandu valley and outside.outside. 42

42 Tourism product goodTourism product goods and services and services will be cas will be categorized and qtegorized and quality standauality standardsrds specified for each

specified for each category.category. 43

43 A number of feasibA number of feasible activile activities such as hot air ballooties such as hot air ballooningning, hot , hot sprispring, honeyng, honey hunting, bird watching, anthropological tours, rhododendrons tours and so on hunting, bird watching, anthropological tours, rhododendrons tours and so on will be encouraged.

will be encouraged. 44

44 ComCompaparinring g sitsites and es and othother faciler facilitiities on es on the traithe trails will be ls will be mamaintintaiained andned and conserved and the private sector encourages setting involved in operation. conserved and the private sector encourages setting involved in operation. NG

NGO'O's s anand d lolocacal l cocommmmununititieies s wiwill ll be be momobibililizezed d to to momobibililize ze to to momoninitotorr activities in the newly operated trekking trails.

activities in the newly operated trekking trails. 45

45 Duty free sDuty free shopping and cahopping and casino activitisino activities will be es will be allowed to opeallowed to operate with prate with properroper safeguards

safeguards. Tours . Tours will be promoted will be promoted cultural, archaeologcultural, archaeological, historical areas asical, historical areas as well as parks, museum and zoos.

well as parks, museum and zoos. 46

46 Rivers wRivers will be kepill be kept free from t free from pollution for pollution for rafting purrafting purpose. Environmpose. Environment impactent impact as

assigsignmenment nt wiwill ll be be madmade e a a parpart t anand d paparcercel l for the for the opeoperaratiotion n of of toutourisrismm activities in conserved areas and

activities in conserved areas and their vicinities.their vicinities. 47

47 Guidelines Guidelines and performaand performance standarnce standards will be devds will be developed in collaeloped in collaboration withboration with the private sector to encourage the quality and efficiency of the hotel and the private sector to encourage the quality and efficiency of the hotel and tourism industry.

tourism industry. 48

48 IncenIncentivetives holidays and facils holidays and facilities wilities will be l be trietried to d to prompromote domestiote domestic tourism inc tourism in corporation with the private sector.

corporation with the private sector. 49

49 A fixed perceA fixed percentagntage of e of foreforeign curreign currency earnncy earned from the tourism indued from the tourism industry willstry will be allowed for discretionary expenditure by the

be allowed for discretionary expenditure by the industry.industry. 50

50 The tourisThe tourism industrm industry will be y will be idenidentifietified as a d as a priopriority sectrity sector and the investmeor and the investmentnt will be

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1.

1.66 OOBBJEJECCTTIVIVE OE OF TF THHE FE FIEIELLDDWWOORRK K 

Every activity is performed with certain objective, which has to

Every activity is performed with certain objective, which has to be achieved on thesebe achieved on these prem

premisesises. . SimiSimilarlarly, ly, this fieldwothis fieldwork rk studstudy y has also has also some objectivsome objectives, which es, which are asare as follows:

follows: 51

51 To highliTo highlight upon the tourght upon the tourism deveism developmelopment and its aspecnt and its aspect in the context of t in the context of  Nepal.

Nepal. 52

52 To assTo assess thess the tourie tourism marsm market in Neket in Nepal.pal. 53

53 To identify and To identify and analyzed the analyzed the major problem of major problem of tourism developtourism development in Nepament in Nepal.l. 54

54 To evaluate To evaluate the tourist inflow the tourist inflow in Nepal in Nepal and income genand income generated througerated through them.h them. 55

55 To assesTo assess the s the impact of impact of tourism itourism in Nepan Nepalese eclese economy.onomy. 56

56 To To proprovidvide e spespecifcific ic susuggeggestistion on for for impimprovrovemeement nt of of toutourisrism m devdeveloelopmepment nt inin Nepal.

Nepal. 57

57 To To evaevalualuate te the the plaplansns, , proprogragrams, ms, facfaciliilitieties s and and incincententiveives s devdeveloeloped ped byby government and concerned tourism

government and concerned tourism authority.authority.

1.

1.77 LLIIMIMITTAATTIIOON N OOF F TTHHE E SSTTUUDDY Y  58

58 The studThe study y mamainlinly y conconcencentratratiotion n on on toutouririst st ararrivrivals and als and its effeits effect ct in in forforeigeignn exchange earning.

exchange earning. 59

59 The studThe study on y on devedevelopmelopment of tourism usent of tourism uses the trend of 10 years, 5 years the trend of 10 years, 5 years ands and 4 years only.

4 years only. 60

60 The study in samThe study in same causes sufe causes suffered from the lafered from the lack of relevack of relevant data as soughnt data as sought ont on classified as region wide basis.

classified as region wide basis. 61

61 Most of the data Most of the data are of secondare of secondary type. Whiary type. Which is availch is available from Nepable from Nepal tourismal tourism board, immigration and other sources of books.

board, immigration and other sources of books. 62

62 If If focfocuseuses s onlonly y on some on some mamajor factjor factor of or of toutourisrism m rerelatlated sectoed sector r thetherefreforeore overall. Position of development of tourism in Nepal can't be judged by this overall. Position of development of tourism in Nepal can't be judged by this report.

report.

1

1..88 NNEEEEDDS S OOF F TTHHE E SSTTUUDDY  Y   63

63 The deveThe developmelopment of tourism helnt of tourism helps to those peoplps to those people who are unknoe who are unknown aboutwn about the tourism and its

the tourism and its development in Nepal by providing required information.development in Nepal by providing required information. 64

64 TeTeacachehers rs anand d ststududenents ts alalso so mamay y obobtatain in a a lolot t of of ininfoformrmatationion's 's reregagardrdiningg development of tourism account for proper study about it.

development of tourism account for proper study about it. 65

65 In the contexIn the context of modern econot of modern economy of Nepal tourimy of Nepal tourism businsm business can plaess can play a vitaly a vital role the

role the employment generation.employment generation. 66

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am

amenend d anand d imimprprovove e ththe e ruruleles s anand d reregugulalatition on of of totoururisism m to to memeet et ththee requirement of the country.

requirement of the country.

1.

1.99 MEMETHTHODODS OS OF DF DATATA CA COLOLLELECTCTIOION & PN & PROROCECESSSSININGG 67

67 SoSome me nenececessssarary y inintetervrvieiews ws anand d obobseservrvatatioion n hahave ve mamade de unundeder r prprimimararyy sources.

sources. 68

68 For the proper analyFor the proper analysis of sis of the study, avathe study, availabilable books, reportle books, reports, tourist arris, tourist arrivalsvals stat

statistiistics cs of of NepNepal al touritourism sm boarboard, d, annannual ual repreport ort and other and other publpublicatications ions of of  Nepal tourism board have been

Nepal tourism board have been consulted under secondary sources.consulted under secondary sources. 69

69 ThThe e cocollllececteted d dadata ta arare e rere-a-arrrranangeged d anand d tatabubulalateted d whwherere e nenececessssarary y toto facilitate the purpose of the study.

facilitate the purpose of the study. 70

70 The hypothesThe hypothesis is teis is tested by thosted by those analyzse analyzed data aed data and informand information.tion. 71

71 For analFor analyziyzing ng anand d intinterperpretreting of ing of datdata a difdifferferent tools such ent tools such as the as the finfinancancialial tools and

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Chapter II Chapter II REVIEW OF LITERATURE REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2 2..11 CCOONNCCEEPPT OT OF TF TOOUURRIISSMM

 T

 T

he word "tourism" so popular today is derived from of the French word Tourism that he word "tourism" so popular today is derived from of the French word Tourism that ori

originginatated ed in in the the 1919thth cencenturtury. y. TouTourisrism m meameans ns joujournrney ey frofrom m plaplace ce to to plaplace ce forfor pleasure. Tourism has been defined in various ways. Some authors describe tourism pleasure. Tourism has been defined in various ways. Some authors describe tourism as

as a a syssystem tem conconsissists ts of of foufour r intintererrelrelateated d papartsrts-ma-markerket, t, tratravelvel, , desdestintinatation ion anandd mar

marketketinging. . In In gengeneraeral l WebWebstester's r's new new intinterernatnationional al dirdirectectory ory defdefineines s toutourisrism m isis "Traveling for

"Traveling for recreationrecreation."."

According to Edmend Picard, professor of economics at university of Brussels, "The According to Edmend Picard, professor of economics at university of Brussels, "The function of tourism is to import currency from foreign resources into the country. Its function of tourism is to import currency from foreign resources into the country. Its impact is what tourist expenditure can do to the different sector of the economy and impact is what tourist expenditure can do to the different sector of the economy and in particular the

in particular the hotelkeepershotelkeepers".".

In 1981, according to

In 1981, according to internationainternational association of scientific exports on l association of scientific exports on tourism (IASET)tourism (IASET) and tourism society Cardiff "Tourism may be defined in term of particular activities and tourism society Cardiff "Tourism may be defined in term of particular activities selected by choice and under taken outside the home environment. Tourism may or selected by choice and under taken outside the home environment. Tourism may or not involve overnight stay away from home".

not involve overnight stay away from home".

Similarly, base on tourism statistical report 1965 of Nepal "The citizens of al the Similarly, base on tourism statistical report 1965 of Nepal "The citizens of al the forei

foreign countriegn countries, expect India visitins, expect India visiting g the kingdothe kingdom m of Nepal for of Nepal for at lest at lest 24 hours 24 hours inin the pursuit tourists interests such as recreation, health, study, religion pilgrimage, the pursuit tourists interests such as recreation, health, study, religion pilgrimage, sp

sporortsts, , vivisisit t to to frfrieiendnds s anand d rerelalatitiveves, s, memeetetining g anand d coconfnfererenencece, , trtrekekkiking ng anandd mo

moununtatainineeeeriringng, , shshorort t dedelelegagatition on anand d mimissssioion, n, exexclclududining g ththe e pepersrson on on on ananyy remunerative job and representative of staff or organization permanently located in remunerative job and representative of staff or organization permanently located in Nepal". This definition is based on the decision made by the international union of  Nepal". This definition is based on the decision made by the international union of 

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offic

official travel organizial travel organization (IUOTO) at ation (IUOTO) at Rome in Rome in 1968. At 1968. At prespresent ent howehowever, Indianver, Indian visitors are also considered to be

visitors are also considered to be tourists.tourists.

 The travel and stay attributes of tourism are defined by the demand for

 The travel and stay attributes of tourism are defined by the demand for the provisionthe provision of a wide range of

of a wide range of goods and services. In term of the tourist destination these can begoods and services. In term of the tourist destination these can be grouped into five board sectors.

grouped into five board sectors.

72

72 AtAttrtracactitionon 73

73 TrTrananspsporortt 74

74 AcAccocommmmododatatioionn 75

75 SuppSupportinorting fag facilitcilities ies and,and, 76

76 InfInfrarastrstrucucturturee

 The attract

 The attraction ion help to help to encoencouragurage e the touristthe tourists s to to visivisit t the countrythe country, , trantransporsport t serservicevice enab

enable le them to them to do do so, the so, the accoaccommodammodation and tion and suppsupportinorting g facifacilitilities es (e.g(e.g. . shopshops,s, restaurants, travel insurance, sports, banks and travel goods etc) cater for their well restaurants, travel insurance, sports, banks and travel goods etc) cater for their well being, while infrastructure assures the essential functioning of all of

being, while infrastructure assures the essential functioning of all of these.these.

2

2..22 NNAATTUURRE E OOF F TTOOUURRIISSMM

 Tourism is a service industry. It represents one of the world's largest industries with  Tourism is a service industry. It represents one of the world's largest industries with nearly 700 million estimated international visitors arrivals in the year 2000. While a nearly 700 million estimated international visitors arrivals in the year 2000. While a total of 25.5 million international tourist arrivals were recorded in the year 1950, their total of 25.5 million international tourist arrivals were recorded in the year 1950, their volume has increased to 692.7 million arrivals in 2001. Which are over 27 times volume has increased to 692.7 million arrivals in 2001. Which are over 27 times increase over a period of 50 years. Similarly in terms of receipts from tourism, while increase over a period of 50 years. Similarly in terms of receipts from tourism, while 2100 million US Dollars were recorded in the year 1950, a total receipt of 516 billion 2100 million US Dollars were recorded in the year 1950, a total receipt of 516 billion dollars has been recorded in the year 2001

dollars has been recorded in the year 2001 which is approximately 25 times increasewhich is approximately 25 times increase in 50 years.

in 50 years.

 Tourism today has become a very complex activity encompassing a wide range of   Tourism today has become a very complex activity encompassing a wide range of 

rela

relationstionshipships. . ResuResulting in lting in the the imprimprovemeovements nts in in stanstandard of dard of liviliving ng and and dispdisposabosablele income with more leisure time, the overall numbers of tourists are expected to grow income with more leisure time, the overall numbers of tourists are expected to grow further. Factors like availability of cheaper and convenient transport, no restrictions further. Factors like availability of cheaper and convenient transport, no restrictions on

on travtravel, el, avaiavailabilability of lity of inforinformatimation on on on varivarious ous destdestinatinations and ions and new marketinnew marketingg techniques contributed the growth of overall number of

techniques contributed the growth of overall number of tourists in this modern world.tourists in this modern world. Additionally, a number of socio demographic factors such as increased urbanization Additionally, a number of socio demographic factors such as increased urbanization of population, higher educational standards, advancement in information technology, of population, higher educational standards, advancement in information technology, and increased paid holidays for the worker have strongly influenced the increased and increased paid holidays for the worker have strongly influenced the increased

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growth of tourism. Tourism is a leisure activity, which involves a discretionary use of  growth of tourism. Tourism is a leisure activity, which involves a discretionary use of  tim

time e and and monmoney, ey, anand d recrecrereatiation on is is oftoften en the the maimain n purpurpospose e for for parparticticipaipatiotion n inin tourism. Some of the main

tourism. Some of the main charactercharacteristics of tourism are:istics of tourism are:

77

77 TouTourisrism m ariarises froses from m a a movmovemeement of nt of peopeople to, and their staple to, and their stay y inin, , vavarioriousus destinations.

destinations. 78

78 TherThere are two elemene are two elements in all tourists in all tourism: the journem: the journey to y to the destthe destinatination and theion and the stay including activities at the destination.

stay including activities at the destination.

79

79 The journey aThe journey and the stay tand the stay take place ouke place outside the normtside the normal place of real place of residence ansidence andd work, so that tourism gives rises to activities that are distinct from those of  work, so that tourism gives rises to activities that are distinct from those of  the resident and working population of the places, through which tourists' the resident and working population of the places, through which tourists' travels and in which they stay.

travels and in which they stay. 80

80 The movemThe movement of ent of desdestintinatiation on is of is of a a temtemporporarary y shshortort-te-term rm chachararactecter, r, witwithh intention the return within a few days, weeks or months.

intention the return within a few days, weeks or months.

81

81 DesDestintinatiations are ons are visvisiteited d for purpfor purposeoses s othother er thathan n taktaking up ing up perpermanmanent orent or employment remunerated from within places

employment remunerated from within places visited.visited.

According to Young (1973): "Tourism as a heterogeneous group embracing a large According to Young (1973): "Tourism as a heterogeneous group embracing a large var

varietiety y of of tratrade de and and indindustustrieries s thathat t havhave e the suppthe supplyilying ng of of tratravelveler'er's s neeneed d as as aa common function".

common function".

  To

  Touriurism sm proproduduct ct can be can be seeseen n as as s s comcomposposite ite prproduoduct ct wiwith th the the comcombinbinatiation on of of  attr

attractiactions, ons, trantransporsport, t, and and accoaccommodammodation tion of of enteentertairtainmennment. t. The The indiindividuvidual al hotehotel,l, com

companpany, y, airairliline ne or or thethere re supsuppliplier er supsuppliplies es eaceach h of of thetheir ir comcomponponentents. s. SomSome e of of  SCHO

SCHOLARS conceptuLARS conceptualizalize e touritourism sm prodproduct uct as as a a bundbundle le of of actiactivitivities, es, servservices andices and benefits that constitute the entire tourism experience. The bundle consists of four benefits that constitute the entire tourism experience. The bundle consists of four components: destination attractions, destination facilities, accessibilit

components: destination attractions, destination facilities, accessibility image y image and theand the price.

price.

  T

  Touourirism sm prprododucuct t is is pepercrceieiveved d as as an an exexpeperirienence ce frfrom om ththe e popoinint t of of viview ew of of ththee consumer. This experience even in the tourist's product's ready-made package form consumer. This experience even in the tourist's product's ready-made package form is

is purpurely ely subsubjecjectivtive e and and difdifferfers s in in timtime e and and plaplace. ce. TouTourisrist t proproducduct t is is essessententiaiall inta

intangiblngible. e. It It canncannot ot be be storstored ed nor nor trantransportsported. ed. The intangibThe intangible le natunature re of of tourtourist'sist's prod

product uct poseposes s probproblems of lems of measmeasuremurementsents. . It It is just is just a a percperceptioeption n of individuof individual oral or perceived as an experience from the viewpoint of the consumer. In tourism it is perceived as an experience from the viewpoint of the consumer. In tourism it is

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necessary to transport the consumer to the product or services itself. The sellers of  necessary to transport the consumer to the product or services itself. The sellers of  the tourist product, who can neither hold

the tourist product, who can neither hold the stock of product nor the stock of product nor display the productdisplay the product itself, have instead only representations in the form

itself, have instead only representations in the form of brochures, catalogues, postersof brochures, catalogues, posters and other printed materials.

and other printed materials.

TOURISM: TOURISM:

 Tourism is often regarded as an extreme form of recreation, involving longer time  Tourism is often regarded as an extreme form of recreation, involving longer time periods, traveling longer distance and often staying overnights. The world is getting periods, traveling longer distance and often staying overnights. The world is getting smaller everyday due to the rapid advancement of transport and communication. As smaller everyday due to the rapid advancement of transport and communication. As a result man's life is getting busier. Man by nature cannot live within a certain limits. a result man's life is getting busier. Man by nature cannot live within a certain limits. He likes changes. He always wants to experience a new taste of life. For to fulfill his He likes changes. He always wants to experience a new taste of life. For to fulfill his desire he movers from one place to

desire he movers from one place to another place for various purpose like tot see hisanother place for various purpose like tot see his friends and relatives, visit different places, for relaxation, for study, health, religion, friends and relatives, visit different places, for relaxation, for study, health, religion, sport, business etc.

sport, business etc.

According to Valene L.

According to Valene L. Smith, "Tourist is a Smith, "Tourist is a temporary leisured person who voluntarilytemporary leisured person who voluntarily visits a place away from home for the

visits a place away from home for the purpose of experiencing a change".purpose of experiencing a change".

According to Ramesh Raj Kunwar in his book Tourism and Development: Tourism is According to Ramesh Raj Kunwar in his book Tourism and Development: Tourism is the tempora

the temporary ry movemmovement of ent of peoplpeople e to to destdestinatination outside their ion outside their normnormal places of al places of  work and residence,. The activities undertaken during their stay in

work and residence,. The activities undertaken during their stay in those destinationsthose destinations and the facilities created to cater to their needs. The study of tourism is the study of  and the facilities created to cater to their needs. The study of tourism is the study of  people away from their usual habitat, of the establishments, which respond to the people away from their usual habitat, of the establishments, which respond to the requirements of travelers, and form of the impacts that they have on the economic, requirements of travelers, and form of the impacts that they have on the economic, ph

physysicical al anand d sosocicial al wewell ll bebeining g of of ththeieir r hohoststs. s. It It ininvovolvlves es ththe e momotitivavatitionons s anandd experience of the tourists, the expectations of and adjustments made by

experience of the tourists, the expectations of and adjustments made by residents of residents of  reception areas, and the roles played by the numerous agencies and institutions, reception areas, and the roles played by the numerous agencies and institutions, which intercede between them.

which intercede between them.

2

2..22 TTYYPPEES OS OF TF TOOUURRIISSMM

According to different authors, tourism can be classified into various types. But here According to different authors, tourism can be classified into various types. But here is mention about 6

is mention about 6 types of tourism base on the types of tourism base on the book of Yojna Raj Satyal. They book of Yojna Raj Satyal. They are:are:

2.

2.2.12.1 PLPLEAEASUSURE TRE TOUOURIRISMSM

Under pleasure tourism, people go on holiday for enjoyment out of curiosity; to take Under pleasure tourism, people go on holiday for enjoyment out of curiosity; to take

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rest, observe something new, to delight of good scenery in unknown folklore. Some rest, observe something new, to delight of good scenery in unknown folklore. Some touri

tourists find sts find pleapleasure in sure in travtravelineling g to to varvarious placesious places. . This type This type of of touritourism sm usuausuallylly depends upon different taste of different people.

depends upon different taste of different people.

2.2.

2.2.22 RECRECREATREATIONIONAL AL TOUTOURISRISMM

Recreational tourism is mainly concerned with leisure and rest and to cover physical Recreational tourism is mainly concerned with leisure and rest and to cover physical and psychical stamina. This type of

and psychical stamina. This type of tourist usually stays longer.tourist usually stays longer.

2.

2.2.32.3 CUCULTULTURARAL TOL TOURURISISMM

 This type of tourism is motivated by the eagerness to learn the different cultures of   This type of tourism is motivated by the eagerness to learn the different cultures of 

different countries. different countries.

2.

2.2.42.4 COCONFNFERERENENCE TOUCE TOURIRISMSM

  Th

  This is typtype e of of toutourisrism m is is orgorganianized zed in in difdifferferent ent coucountrntries ies whewhen n susuch ch conconvenventiotionn facilities are available. These conferences are arranged in the cities

facilities are available. These conferences are arranged in the cities best prepared tobest prepared to

receive the delegates and to cover the low occupancy rate of the hotel in the low receive the delegates and to cover the low occupancy rate of the hotel in the low season. Such types of conference tourism are growing rapidly in the modern world. season. Such types of conference tourism are growing rapidly in the modern world.

2.

2.2.52.5 SPSPORORTITING TNG TOUOURIRISMSM

Sporting tourists are interested in two

Sporting tourists are interested in two types sporting which are:types sporting which are:

82

82 ViVisisititing ng spspororts ts evevenents ts lilike ke OlOlymympipic, c, WoWorlrld d CuCup p etetc c ththat at atattrtracact t nonot t ononlyly sportsman to the host country but also a

sportsman to the host country but also a larger number of sport fans tourist tolarger number of sport fans tourist to

see these functions. see these functions. 83

83 VisiVisiting well organiting well organized sportinzed sporting g evenevents in ts in councountriestries, , whicwhich h have specihave specializalizeded facilities such as winter sports, natural sports, fishing, mountain climbing etc. facilities such as winter sports, natural sports, fishing, mountain climbing etc.

2.2.

2.2.66 BUSBUSINEINESS OR TSS OR TECHECHNICNICAL TOAL TOURIURISMSM

  Tourists who come for business purpose are called business tourists. Business or   Tourists who come for business purpose are called business tourists. Business or

industrialis

industrialists or ts or professionals visiting place of their interest or professionals visiting place of their interest or fairs and exhibitions orfairs and exhibitions or places of technical achievements are included under this category.

places of technical achievements are included under this category.

2.

2.33 IIMPMPOORRTTAANNCCE E OOF F TTOOUURRIISSMM

 There is no doubt that tourism is one of the key economic sector in Nepal it is one of   There is no doubt that tourism is one of the key economic sector in Nepal it is one of 

th

the e prprofofititabable le anand d imimpoportrtanant t exexpoport rt ininduduststry ry whwhicich h is is mamakiking ng a a sisigngnifificicanantt contr

contributiibution on in in emplemploymenoyment t and and incoincome me genegeneratiration on as as well as well as foreforeign ign exchexchangeange

earning, so the promotion of tourism sector include a great multiplier effects in the earning, so the promotion of tourism sector include a great multiplier effects in the economy in the economy as a whole. The various importance of tourism can be economy in the economy as a whole. The various importance of tourism can be

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defined as follows: defined as follows:

84

84 TourTourism is a media througism is a media through which peoplh which people can share knowe can share knowledgledge and createe and createss understandi

understanding among the people of ng among the people of the world. It is becoming a more the world. It is becoming a more powerfulpowerful tool of

tool of educaeducationtion, , whicwhich h provprovides opportunides opportunities to ities to undeunderstarstand nd the the socisociety,ety, cultural, traditiona

cultural, traditional habits, foods, l habits, foods, dress, and life styles of dress, and life styles of different countries.different countries. 85

85 It does not earn only hugIt does not earn only huge amount of foreige amount of foreign currenn currency but also maincy but also maintaintains thes the favorable balanc

favorable balance which rose due to e which rose due to inequality in import and export trade.inequality in import and export trade. 86

86 It has special contrIt has special contributiibution towards emploon towards employing peoplying people at e at larlarge. It ge. It incincludes allludes all typ

type e of of proproducduct t plaplanninning ng anand d acactivtivitiities es impimplemlemententatiation on prprogrogramammed med forfor example. Manpower training development of

example. Manpower training development of handicrafthandicraft, , business remote areabusiness remote area development etc that begins economic benefits to the country.

development etc that begins economic benefits to the country. 87

87 TourTourism createism creates an s an amplample scope for e scope for prodproduct developuct development opporment opportunittunities andies and the concerned authorities should explore its possibilities as early as

the concerned authorities should explore its possibilities as early as possible.possible. 88

88 TourTourism developism develops curiosits curiosity y amonamongst people abort others cultugst people abort others culture and re and tratraditioditionn and that lead to travel and ultimately people comes to know the

and that lead to travel and ultimately people comes to know the real meaningreal meaning of their culture tradition and religion. Understanding of each other customs. of their culture tradition and religion. Understanding of each other customs. Most important, it teachers tolerance.

Most important, it teachers tolerance. 89

89 It is a productIt is a product, which create, which creates the close relas the close relationship, devetionship, develops healthy relops healthy respectsspects b

betetwweeen en ddififffererenent t ccouounntrtrieies. s. AAnd nd aalslso o a a vvehehiciclle e fofor r ininteterrnnaatitiononaall understanding by way of bringing diverse people face to face. It has been understanding by way of bringing diverse people face to face. It has been noted as a major contributor to international good will as a prime means of  noted as a major contributor to international good will as a prime means of  deve

developinloping g socisocial al and culturaand cultural l undeunderstarstanding among all nding among all the people the people of of thethe world.

world. 90

90 TourTourism also playism also plays a s a larglarge part in keeping famie part in keeping family and friends in contaly and friends in contact andct and permits students and teachers exchanges.

permits students and teachers exchanges.

Above all the growth of tourism creates the demands local product and increased Above all the growth of tourism creates the demands local product and increased incentives of local craft, industries and artistic skill

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Chapter III Chapter III

TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN NEPAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN NEPAL

3.

3.11 TOTOURURISISM DM DEVEVELELOPOPMENMENT UT USISING NG VAVARIRIOUOUS PS PLALAN PN PERERIOIOD:D:  Tourism is one of

 Tourism is one of the important contributors to economic and social development of athe important contributors to economic and social development of a country like Nepal. Considering this HMG emphasized tourism development in every country like Nepal. Considering this HMG emphasized tourism development in every plan period. Realizing its great important, department of tourism established in first plan period. Realizing its great important, department of tourism established in first fiv

five-ye-year ear plaplan n perperiod iod in in 1951959. 9. The The firfirst st fivfive e yeayear r plaplan n (19(1956-56-61) 61) gagave ve adeadequaquatete emph

emphasis asis to to builbuild d reqrequisiuisite te infrinfrastrastructuructures es for for elecelectrictricity, ity, watewater, r, and and consconstructructiontion airports etc which are also basic infrastructures for tourism development. The third airports etc which are also basic infrastructures for tourism development. The third fiv

five e yeayear r plaplan n (19(1956-56-70) 70) aiaimed med to to incincrereasase e the the numnumber ber of of toutourisrist t and and forforeigeignn exchange earning as well as to develop tourism infrastructure by establishing hotel exchange earning as well as to develop tourism infrastructure by establishing hotel an

and d exextetensnsioion n of of avaviaiatition on fafacicililititieses, , pupublblicicizizining g NeNepapal l ababroroadad, , prprododucuctition on of of  promotional film relating to Nepal and distribution of tourism materials, conservation promotional film relating to Nepal and distribution of tourism materials, conservation of temples and

of temples and historical places and developmenhistorical places and development of t of Mahendra Museum and nationalMahendra Museum and national archives.

archives.

  The forth

  The forth five years plan five years plan (197(1970-75) extend0-75) extended ed specspecial importaial importance to nce to the tourismthe tourism sector. During this plan

sector. During this plan period, Nepal tourism plan was drafted.period, Nepal tourism plan was drafted.

 The fifth five year plan (1975-80) aimed to earn more foreign currency and make  The fifth five year plan (1975-80) aimed to earn more foreign currency and make

bal

balancance e of of papaymeyment nt favfavoraorable ble by by devdeveloelopinping g toutourirism sm in in thithis s coucountrntry. y. ThiThis s plaplann emphasized on:

emphasized on: 91

91 DeveDevelopmlopment of ent of touritourism sm by developby developing historiing historical, cultucal, cultural and ral and geogrgeographiaphicalcal specialties.

specialties. 92

92 Development Development of tourist of tourist centre oucentre outside of tside of Kathmandu Kathmandu valley.valley. 93

93 DevDeveloelopinping g necnecessessarary y facfaciliilitieties s in in toutourisrist t cecentrntre e anand d extextendending ing tratrainiining ng toto develop skilled manpower.

develop skilled manpower. 94

94 Longing the Longing the day of staday of stay of the y of the tourist as tourist as far as far as possible.possible.

Similarly, eight five year plan (1992-97) also gave emphasis to develop tourism. The Similarly, eight five year plan (1992-97) also gave emphasis to develop tourism. The major policies adopted in this plan period were historical cultural and environmental major policies adopted in this plan period were historical cultural and environmental pro

promotmotion ion by by encencourouragaging ing priprivavate te secsector tor the the plaplan n alalso so empemphashasize ize to to incincrereasasee gover

governmennment t inveinvestmestment nt in in physphysical ical infrinfrastrastructuucture. re. EmphEmphasizasizes es to to brinbring g in in moremore tourist and increase their average stay and expenditure, promotion of high quality tourist and increase their average stay and expenditure, promotion of high quality

(20)

religious and increase their average stay and expenditure, promotion of high quality religious and increase their average stay and expenditure, promotion of high quality rel

religiigiousous, , invinvolvolvemeement nt of of NepNepalalese ese dipdiplomlomatatic ic mismissiosions ns for for toutourisrism m propromotmotionion,, proce

proceduradural l simpsimplificlification adoption ation adoption of of open open sky sky polipolicy, cy, encoencouraguragement ement of of privprivateate secto

sector r in in aviaaviationtion, , consconsiderideratioation n of of tourtourism ism as a as a priopriority sector and rity sector and catecategorigorizingzing tourism sector loans as priority sectors loans. In

tourism sector loans as priority sectors loans. In spite of all this spite of all this spreading benefits of spreading benefits of  tourism to local communities involving non-government organization (no) and local tourism to local communities involving non-government organization (no) and local people in monitoring and managing adventure sites are other notable points of eight people in monitoring and managing adventure sites are other notable points of eight plans.

plans.

3.

3.22 NNEEW W TTOOUURRIISSM M PPOOLLIICCY Y 11999595

 Tourism has competitively and rapidly developing in the world and due to specific  Tourism has competitively and rapidly developing in the world and due to specific

natu

nature re henchence e in order in order to to incrincrease nationease national al prodproductiuction on and income, to and income, to exteextend nd thethe earning of foreign currencies, to create opportunities for employment, to improver earning of foreign currencies, to create opportunities for employment, to improver regional and imbalance and to develop the image of Nepal and the international regional and imbalance and to develop the image of Nepal and the international community his majesty's government of Nepal, Ministry of tourism and Civil Aviation community his majesty's government of Nepal, Ministry of tourism and Civil Aviation has recently introduced a new policy on 1995. This policy was passed by Tourism has recently introduced a new policy on 1995. This policy was passed by Tourism Council in the third meeting on the 14

Council in the third meeting on the 14thth June 1995.June 1995.

OBJECTIVES OF NEW POLICY 1995 OBJECTIVES OF NEW POLICY 1995

95

95 To develoTo develop tourisp tourism as a m as a main ecmain economionomic sector of the natioc sector of the nation by establin by establishinshingg it's interrelation with other sectors of the country.

it's interrelation with other sectors of the country. 96

96 To To inincrcreaease se ememplployoymementnt, , foforereigign n eaearnrninings gs anand d nanatitiononal al inincocome me anand d toto improve regional imbalance having expanded the tourism industry up to the improve regional imbalance having expanded the tourism industry up to the rural areas.

rural areas. 97

97 To develop and expaTo develop and expand tourism indund tourism industry by promotstry by promoting naturaing natural l cultcultural andural and human environments of the

human environments of the country.country. 98

98 To maintain To maintain high image high image of the natof the nation in interion in international commnational community by provunity by providingiding standard services and necessary security to

standard services and necessary security to tourists.tourists. 99

99 To develop To develop and promote and promote Nepal aNepal as and as and attractive touttractive tourist centrrist centre.e.

3.

3.2.12.1 BABASISIC C POPOLILICICIESES

 The new policy has given great importance to

 The new policy has given great importance to the role of the the role of the private sector in Nepal'sprivate sector in Nepal's tourism def. The new policy 1995 has eleven policies related to different sectors, tourism def. The new policy 1995 has eleven policies related to different sectors, which are as follows:

which are as follows:

100In this policy, private sector's participation shall be highly encouraged in the 100In this policy, private sector's participation shall be highly encouraged in the development; and expansion of tourist activities/ his majesty's government's development; and expansion of tourist activities/ his majesty's government's involved to increase tourism infrastructure and play a role of coordinator as involved to increase tourism infrastructure and play a role of coordinator as

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