Challenges and Possibilities
Thermal gasification
Anna-Karin Jannasch, Energiforsk, February and March 2015
• Transportation sector (Fossilfri Fordonstrafik): Fossil free vehicle fleet in 2050
• Gas industry (EnergiGas Sverige): 100 % biomethane in gas grid 2050
Examples of visions and goals in
different industrial sectors
CHP/ Heat Vehicle fuel Biomethane Natural gas Industrial processes
• Paper industry (DUNI): Fossile free tissue 2020
• Food industry (Löfbergs Lila): Climate neutral coffee production 2020
• Furniture industry (IKEA): Produce as much renewable energy as they consume in their operations by 2020
• Mining and steel industry: Fossile energy depedence
Examples of visions and goals in
different industrial sectors
Thermal gasification will most probably
play a central role for realizing these
Thermal gasification and fuel synthesis
–
schematic illustration of the different
Different gasification technologies
CFB – Circulating Fluidised Bed BFB – Bubbling Fluidised Bed EF – Entrained Flow
Gasification Indirect Direct
Gasification technology CFB & BFB EF CFB/BFB Fixed bed Oxidation medium water vapor air/oxygen air/oxygen air/oxygen Heat value (MJ/Nm3,
LHV)
10−15 4−6 (air blown), 8−14 (oxygen blown)
For biofuel production – indirect or direct oxygen blown gasification
For heat & power production – direct air blown gasification
Direct vs. Indirect gasification
Status of biomass gasification
For heat and power production
–
commercial plants available
For biofuel production
– larger industrial
pilot and demonstration plants available
Europe
• Small-scale Combined Heat and Power (gas) • Liquid biofuels
• FT-liquids • methanol
Main focuses of biomass
gasification around the world
Asia• Entirely focused on small-scale
Combined Heat and Power
Sweden
• Gas- and Liquid Biofuels
• bio-SNG, • bio-DME, • bio-methanol North America • Liquid biofuels • bio-ethanol • FT-liquids
Some information about the largest
industrial productions plants and
GoBiGas = Gothenburg Biomass Gasification project
Purpose: Shall in a commercial scale demonstrate the possibilities of
gasifaction to produce renewable and CO2-neutral biomethane
Project owner: Göteborg Energi AB
GoBiGas
– the world´s largest demonstration
plant for biomethane production
GoBiGas- a step-by-step development
Chalmers lab-reactor Chalmers 2-4 MW Pilot plant GoBiGas Phase 1 20 MW biogas Demo plant R&DGoBiGas Phase 2 80-100 MW biogas Commercial
demo-plant
2008 2012 2016
-1st Swedish plant to inject biomethane into the national transmission gas grid (30 bars)
- Polygeneration (vehicle fuel, process industry, electricity and heat)
- Forest residues as feed stock (initially wood pellets)
- Commercial scale in 2 phases: 1) 20 MW
bio-SNG (160 GWh/yr) + heat demonstration plant. Cost: 160 M€ (24 M€ supported by the Swedish Energy Agency) 2) 80 - 100 MW
bio-SNG (640 - 800 GWh/yr) + heat commercial plant. Cost: 325 M€, awarded for NER300 support (59 M€ available)
Facts
- Atmospheric Indirect gasification (Repotec, AUT & Valmet, FI)
- Gas cleaning and methanation, (Haldor Topsoe, DK)
- Overall performance goals
- Biomass to biomethane 65-70 % - Energy efficiency > 90 %
Technology
GoBiGas
– Facts in short
- In commissioning since Nov 2013
- Gas injection into the grid since 15th Dec 2014
- Decision for initiliazing phase 2 will be taken when phase 1 is proven succesful and
conditions for acceptable revenues can be met
Status
Project is awaiting decision on the long-term policy instruments for biofuels
Bio2G – A reference plant in Sweden for
production of bio-SNG by thermal gasification
- Production capacity 200 MWbio-SNG (1,6 TWh/yr) + heat & electricity - Forest residues as feed stock
- To be located in Malmö/Landskrona - Project owner: E.ON
- Investment cost: 450 M € , Awarded for NER300 support (203 M€
available)
- Pressurized O2-blown gasification (Andritz, FI)
- Gas cleaning and methanation, (Haldor Topsoe, DK)
Technology Facts
VärmlandsMetanol – a pioneer project for
commercial production of bio-methanol
- Production capacity 74 MWbio-methanol (100 000 ton/yr) + heat & electricity
- Forest residues as feed stock
- To be located in Hagfors (Värmland) - Project owner: Värmlandsmetanol AB,
Uhde, LRF, Hagfors municipality et al - Investment cost: 380 M € (about 8,5 M €
has so far been invested, no subsidies)
Facts
- High Temperature Winkler (HTW) gasification followed by gas clean-up and methanol synthesis
(Thyssenkrupp Uhde EPC-contractor)
Technology
Project is awaiting decision on the long-term policy instruments for biofuels. The plant will be ready for start up 36 months from the day the capital is secured.
LTU Green Fuels
- Pilot plant for black liquor gasification in operation since 2011
- Located in Piteå (next to the Smurfit Kappa Kraftliner mill)
- Production capacity: 2 MW (syngas / DME 4 t /day)
- The bio-DME was successfully demonstrated as heavy duty fuel by extended Volvo field tests 2013-2014
- Co-gasification of black liquor & pyrolysis bio-oil under investigation during 2014-2015 in new R&D project owned by LTU in partnership with Chemrec and Haldor
Topsoe (total budget: 160 MSEK). Facts
- Oxygen blown pressurized entrained flow gasification (Chemrec technology)
- Gas clean-up and DME synthesis (Haldor Topsoe)
Platforms for on-going R&D in Sweden
Swedish Gasification Centre (SFC)
- Start-up 2011
- Partners: 9 universities, 2 institutes and 26 companies.
- Competence centre funded by the industry, the academia and the Swedish Energy Agency. - Three host universities (LuTH, Chalmers, KTH),
where LuTH is the head of the centre.
- R&D conducted at 3 nodes focused on 3 different gasification technologies (Indirect, Entrained
Flow, Direct Fluidised Bed).
- Total budget 540 MSEK (10 years) For more info: www.ltu.se/centres/Svenskt-forgasningscentrum-SFC/
f3 – centre
- National knowledge centre for renewable transportation fuels
- System oriented R&D
- Financed jointly by the centre partners, the Swedish Energy Agency and the region of Västra Götaland
- Program period and budget: 2014-2017, 44 MSEK
For more info: www.f3centre.se
Samverkansprogram Energigasteknik - A national Swedish joint frame program together
with the Swedish Energy Agency
- Program period & budget: 20130501-20170401, 80 MSEK
For more info:
www.sgc.se/Nytt/Samverkansprogram-Energigasteknik/
WORK IN PROGRESS
• To increase the fuel flexibility to ensure biomass availability and price.
• To develop profitable gasification technologies for different scales.
• To optimize the fuel conversion:
– Increase the understanding of the kinetics of char gasification – Optimize the heat transfer & the fluid dynamics
– Increase the understanding and optimize the performance of the bed material
– Ash related issues
• To develop energy- and cost efficient gas clean-up, incl.:
– high temperature particle filters – tar removal/reformation
– sulphur, chlorine and unsaturated hydrocarbon removal – carbon dioxide removal
• To develop energy- and cost efficient water gas shift and methanation and/or other fuel synthesis steps.
R&D-work mainly focused on scaleability and optimisation of process integration.
GAS CLEAN-UP AND FUEL
SYNTHESIS
• To develop analysis techniques for reliable and rapid (on-line) measurements of gas composition, alkali, tars e t c • To gain and learn from operation experience in industrial
scale
• To find optimal localisation for biofuel plants - biomass availability, logistics, synergies with other industries e t c • To investigate the suitability for different industrial sectors
-specification of requirements, choice of technical concept, economics e t c
SYSTEM & PROCESS
OPTIMIZATION
• (Power-to-Gas)
• To develop efficient
synthesis routes for green gas from waste products via selective hydration
ALTERNATIVE MEANS FOR GREEN
GAS PRODUCTION
Selective hydration vs. thermal
gasification
O H O H OH C H2 O O H2 - 2 - H2O C H3 CH3 CO + H2 Kolvätemix 2 + H2 H3C OH + H2 OH O H OH O H OH O H n H2• Char conversion in indirect gasification in fluidised beds • Ash transformations during dual fluidised bed
gasification
• Catalytic conversion of pyrolysis gas in the WoodRoll process for enhanced process reliability
• Choice of appropriate additives and development of activation procedure for olivine
• New instruments for online measurement of alkali and tars during gasification of biomass
On-going projects within Samverkansprogram Energigasteknik
• Development of a methodology for measurements at the GoBiGas gasifier
• Gasification adjacent to existing forest industry - A value study of fuel handling and logistics
• Fossil-free tissue drying - feasibility study
ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTION METHODS FOR
BIOFUELS
• LPG from waste products
On-going projects within Samverkansprogram Energigasteknik
