Telangana

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Prepared

Prepared & & edited edited by by VIDYASAGAR VIDYASAGAR GADHAM, GADHAM, IISIIS

Monday,

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no patience, do not %a(e any /)a.itie nor %a(e re.i+ion, S)c% peop.e,

no patience, do not %a(e any /)a.itie nor %a(e re.i+ion, S)c% peop.e, in t%i orta. 'or.d, are b)t a in t%i orta. 'or.d, are b)t a b)rden onb)rden on

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no patience, do not %a(e any /)a.itie nor %a(e re.i+ion, S)c% peop.e,

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Monday,

(4)

Prepared

Preace

Dear Brothers, Sisters & Friends,

After considering the issue

After considering the issue of your need in essential of your need in essential material resources & material resources & so farso far receiving

receiving requests from many needy aspirants of Telangana Pubrequests from many needy aspirants of Telangana Public Service ommission !"ams, TS#lic Service ommission !"ams, TS# T$A%S, TS#'!% & Specially for S( )unior Assistant 'rade *

T$A%S, TS#'!% & Specially for S( )unior Assistant 'rade * !"aminations, + prepared this!"aminations, + prepared this uic-

uic-revie. copy

revie. copy of my of my 7opre%eni(e $e.an+ana State Hitory & 7opre%eni(e $e.an+ana State Hitory & 7).t)re7).t)re /aterial 0 .hich is going to made/aterial 0 .hich is going to made available to all from october *1, *2345,

available to all from october *1, *2345, .hich specially routed to solve all needs of a Poor, .hich specially routed to solve all needs of a Poor, dedicated &dedicated & 6elpless aspirant of

6elpless aspirant of Telangana Public Service ommission0TSPS5 'roupTelangana Public Service ommission0TSPS5 'roups, TS#T$A%S, TS#'!% &s, TS#T$A%S, TS#'!% & S( )unior Assistant 'rade * 777 all other

S( )unior Assistant 'rade * 777 all other Telangana state recruitment e"aminations7 + am sure that tTelangana state recruitment e"aminations7 + am sure that t hehe content of this material is very useful for

content of this material is very useful for all students .ho are .illing to learn the best7all students .ho are .illing to learn the best7 This temporary uic- revie. copy of the boo- comprices

This temporary uic- revie. copy of the boo- comprices of all 8PDAT!D comprehensive notesof all 8PDAT!D comprehensive notes on Telanga State, Telangana Art, Telangana 6istory , Telangana ulture, Te

on Telanga State, Telangana Art, Telangana 6istory , Telangana ulture, Te langana State ensus report,langana State ensus report, Telangana State council of ministers, Telanga District revie., Telanagana 'overnment schemes

Telangana State council of ministers, Telanga District revie., Telanagana 'overnment schemes && Policies, /a)or /ineral & re, %ational 6igh.ay,Telangana State +rrigation Pro)ects & Telangana State Policies, /a)or /ineral & re, %ational 6igh.ay,Telangana State +rrigation Pro)ects & Telangana State !ducational 9 $esearch institutions7777

!ducational 9 $esearch institutions7777 This

This uic- revie. copy of original materialuic- revie. copy of original material is Specially brought available foris Specially brought available forS77S77 89:IOR ASSIS$A:$ GRAD 2

89:IOR ASSIS$A:$ GRAD 2 aspirants 77 :ery soon + .ill publish complete Telangana ulture & 6istoryaspirants 77 :ery soon + .ill publish complete Telangana ulture & 6istory material final copy777, 6ope this quic- revie. material also must useful to many aspirants , 8tilise this material final copy777, 6ope this quic- revie. material also must useful to many aspirants , 8tilise this material in a proper .ay to gain more score in your e"am7

material in a proper .ay to gain more score in your e"am7 ;eep on hard.or-ing77 'od bless you all;eep on hard.or-ing77 'od bless you all

Monday,

(5)

Prepared & edited by VIDYASAGAR GADHAM, IIS

"" Mea+e <or a Socia. 7a)e ro IRS=IPo=IIS=I$S oicer <or) 8r6 Ape*3 & Vi%'at <o)ndation or >a.anced India ""

?6r6t :YR @ 0 =2015=1B; Dear Siter,

+f any one of <8 0 or anyone of your friends5 , 8nfortunately harassed or Blac-mailed or !"plicitly humiliated by any +diot or 'roup of +diots and .hich inturn made you depressed 9.orried 9 sin-ed to move for.ard to punish them legally by )ust fearing of parents & family or lac- of helping hands, Don=t .orry Sisters , + am here to help you all as a responsible brother & fficer7 +f you cant directly go to the Police .ith any reason, >ust clearly .rite about such incident to me and happily stood behind me7 thats it, + promise you that .e .il sho. them the flavour of hell here itself , after all + .ill get them punish legally .ithout hampering to your dignity, Self respect & <our family Prestige7 But

?hatever the reasons ;indly do not let such .ild human animals freely run around the society, they are threat to many others7, + am here to help you all as your brother77 must inform it to me through mail or Te"t message7

eCMai.@ Vidyaa+ar6;+5+ai.6co 7ontact :)ber@ E1 F0; 1FB0

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""""""

$%i 'or- i dedicated to a.. t%e %e.p.e <arer o India '%o

too-a'ay t%eir .ie beca)e o Go(ernent )nctiona. ec%ani

ai.)re66

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(7)

!! I:$ROD97$IO: $O $H S$A$ !!

Telangana is situated on the Deccan Plateau, in the central stretch of the eastern seaboard of the +ndian Peninsula7 +t covers 331,@12 square -ilometres 011,12 sq mi57 The region is

drained by t.o ma)or rivers, .ith about C of the 'odavari $iver catchment area and about EC of the ;rishna $iver catchment area, but most of the land is arid7 Telangana is also drained by several minor rivers such as the Bhima, the /an)ira and t he /usi7 The annual rainfall is bet.een C22 to 3422 mm in northern Telangana and 22 to C22 mm in southern Telangana, from the south.est monsoons 7 :arious soil types abound, including chal-as, red sandy soils, dubbas, deep red loamy soils, and very deep blac-cotton soils that facilitate planting mangoes, oranges and flo.ers7

7.iate @

Telangana is a semi#arid area and has a predominantly hot and dry climate7 Summers start in /arch, and pea- in /ay .ith average high temperatures in the 1*  032@ F5 range7 The monsoon arrives in >une and lasts until September .ith about 44 mm 0*C7 inches5 of precipitation7 A dry, mild .inter starts in late %ovember and lasts until early February .ith little humidity and average temperatures in the **G*  0*G F5 range7

co.o+y @

The entral Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests ecoreg ion covers much of the state, including 6yderabad7 The characteristic vegetation is .oodlands of 6ard.ic-ia binata and AlbiHia amara 7 ver @2 of the original forest cover has been cleared for agriculture, timber harvesting, or cattle graHing, but large bloc-s of forest can be found in

%agar)unsagar#Srisailam Tiger $eserve and else.here7 The more humid !astern 6ighlands moist deciduous forests cover the !astern 'hats in the eastern part of the state7

conoy @

!conomy of Telangana is mainly driven by agriculture7 T.o important rivers of +ndia, the 'odavari and ;rishna , flo. through the state, providing irrigation7 Farmers in Telangana mainly depend on rain#fed .ater sources for irrigation7 $ice is the ma)or food crop7 other important crops are cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco are the local crops7 $ecently, crops used for vegetable oil production such as sunflo.er and peanuts have gained favour7 There are many multi#state irrigation pro)ects in development, including 'odavari $iver Basin +rrigation Pro)ects and %agar)una Sagar Dam , the .orld=s highest masonry dam7The state has also started to focus on the fields of information technology and biotechnology 7 Telangana is one of top +T e"porting states of +ndia7 There are E@ Special !conomic Iones in the state7 Telangana is a mineral#rich state, .ith coal reserves at Singareni olleries7

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A+ric).t)re

Paddy fields in ?arangal district $ice is the ma)or food crop and staple food of the state7 ther important crops are maiHe, tobacco, mango, cotton and sugar cane 7

Agriculture has been the chief source of income for the state=s economy7 +mportant rivers of +ndia, the 'odavari , ;rishna flo. through the state, providing irrigation7 Apart from ma)or rivers, there are small rivers as Tunga Bhadra, Bima, Dindi, ;innerasani, /an)eera, /anair, Penganga, Pranahitha, peddavagu and Taliperu7There are many multi#state irrigation pro)ects in development, including 'odavari $iver Basin +rrigation Pro)ects and %agar)una Sagar Dam, the .orld=s highest masonry dam7 Agri !"port I ones for the follo.ing produce are proposed at the places mentioned against themJ 'he r-ins G /ahabubnagar ,

$angareddy , /eda-, ;arimnagar , ?arangal 7 /angoes and g rapes # 6yderabad, $angareddy, /eda-, /ahabubnagar

Ind)trie

The 6+T! ity is a ma)or +T hub of 6yderabad , Several ma)or manufacturing and services industries are in operation mainly around 6yderabad7 Automobiles and auto components industry, spices, mines and minerals, te"tiles and apparels, pharmaceutical , horticulture, poultry farming are the main industries in Telangana7 +n terms of services, 6yderabad is usually nic-named as yberabad due to its information technology foray and location of ma)or soft.are industries in the city7 Prior to secession, it contributed 34 to +ndia=s and C@ to Andhra Pradesh=s e"ports in +T and +T!S sectors last *23 ?ith 6yderabad as in the front line of Telangana=s aims to promote information technology in +ndia, the city boasts the 6+T! ity as its premier hub7The state government is in the process of

developing +ndustrial Par-s at different places, for specific groups of industries7 The e"isting par-s are Soft.are Par- at 6yderabad, 6+T! ity for soft.are units, Apparel Par- at

'undlapochampalli , !"port Promotion Par- at Pashamylaram, Bio#technology par- at Tur-apally 7 6yderabad is also a ma)or site for healthcare related industries including hospitals and pharmaceutical organiHations such as %iHam=s +nstitute of /edical Sciences , Apollo 6ospitals , and Dr7 $eddy=s (aboratories7 +n addition, 6yderabad based healthcare non#profits include the +ndian 6eart Association , a cardiovascular disease %'7

$o)ri

Telangana State Tourism Development orporation 0TSTD5 is a state government agency .hich promotes tourism in Telangana7 Telangana has a variety of tourist attractions including historical places, monuments, forts, .ater falls, forests and temples7

Inratr)ct)re

16 Po'er

$amagundam Thermal Po.er station in ;arimnagar district 6ydel and thermal

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po.er pro)ects in the state meets the po.er requirements of the State7 %umber of ne. po.er pro)ects are coming up in the State .hich is e"pected to generate additional po.er capacity in the state7

26 $ranport

The state is .ell connected other states .ith road, rail and air.ays7 6o.ever, since Telangana is landloc-ed, it does not have any seaports7 $oads 6yderabad uter $ing $oad 0%ehru $$5 , The Telangana State $oad Transport orporation 0TS$T5 is the ma)or public transport corporation that connects all the cities and villages7 /ahatma 'andhi Bus Station 0/7'7B7S5 in 6yderabad is one of the largest bus stand in Asia7 >ubilee Bus St ation in Secunderabad serves inter city bus services7 Asia=s biggest +nte r ity Bus Terminal 0+BT5 is being built in /iyapur 06yderabad5, .hich .ould house nearly *22 bus bays and for par-ing nearly 3,222 buses7

;6 Rai.'ay

Secunderabad rail.ay station , a very busy rail.ay )unction in +ndia and headquarters of South entral $ail.ay The history of rail.ays in this region dates bac- to the time of niHam of 6yderabad in 3@17 operates under the auspices of the South entral $ail.ay founded in 3CEE7 The landmar- building $ail %ilayam in Secunderabad is the Ional 6eadquarter office of South entral $ail.ay7 Secunderabad and 6yderabad are the main divisions of South entral $ail.ay that fall in the state7

6 Airport

$a)iv 'andhi +nternational Airport at Shamshabad is an international airport serving the city of 6yderabad7 +t is the largest airport in the state and one of the busiest airports in the country7 The government has plans to upgrade ?arangal Airport , %iHamabad Airport and $amagundam Airport +t also plans to construct airports in ;arimnagar and

;othagudem7 ?arangal has a domestic airport in /amunooru .hich .as established in the year 3C2 during %iHam period7 All the e"ports and imports of AHam >ahi /ills, ?arangal .ere done through the ?arangal airport7

Telangana is the *Cth state of +ndia, formed on the *nd of >une *2317 The state has an area of 3,31,@12 Sq ;m and has a population of ,4*,@E,47 The Telangana region .as part of the 6yderabad state from Sept 3th 3C1@ to %ov 3st 3C4E, until it .as me rged .ith Andhra state to form the Andhra Pradesh state7 After decades of movement for a separate State, Telangana .as created by passing the AP State $eorganiHation Bill in both houses of Parliament7 Telangana is surrounded by

/aharashtra and hhattisgarh in the %orth, ;arnata-a in the ?est and Andhra Pradesh in the South and !ast directions7 /a)or cities of the state include 6yderabad, ?arangal, %iHamabad and ;arimnagar7

$e.an+ana Statitic

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Ite J)antity

7apita. 7ity Hyderabad

Area 11,0 S/6 K6

Ditrict 10

Re(en)e Di(iion 2

$o'n a per 7en), 20113 15 M)nicipa. 7orporation B

M)nicipa.itie ;

:a+ara Panc%ayat% 25

Li..a Praa Pari%ad 

Manda. Praa Pari%ad ;

Gra Panc%ayat% FF Re(en)e Manda. B Re(en)e Vi..a+e 10,FB1 In%abited Vi..a+e 10,12 9nCin%abited Vi..a+e B;; Ho)e%o.d ;65 a-% Ho)e%o.d i4e  Pop).ation ;516 a-% Ma.e 1FF60a-% <ea.e 1F60 a-%

Se* Ratio <ea.e per 1000 Ma.e3  Ratio Denity o Pop).ation @ ;0F per S/6 K Decada. Gro't% Rate 2001C20113@ 1;65 Rate

R)ra. Pop).ation@ 21565 a-%

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R)ra. Pop).ation Ma.e@ 10F6F a-%

R)ra. Pop).ation <ea.e@ 10F6 a-% R)ra. Pop).ation Se* Ratio <ea.e per 1000 Ma.e3 @  R)ra. to $ota. Pop).ation B16;; N

9rban Pop).ation 1;B60 a-%

9rban Pop).ation Ma.e B60F a-%

9rban Pop).ation <ea.e BF602 a-%

9rban Pop).ation Se* Ratio <ea.e per 1000 Ma.e3@ F0 9rban to $ota. Pop).ation ;6B N

S7 Pop).ation 56;; a-%

S7 Pop).ation Ma.e 2F605 a-%

S7 Pop).ation <ea.e 2F62 a-%

S$ Pop).ation ;26F a-%

S$ Pop).ation Ma.e 1B6B0 a-%

S$ Pop).ation <ea.e 1B62F

7%i.d Pop).ation 0CB year3 ;620 a-% 7%i.d Pop).ation 0CB year3 Ma.e 2062 a-% 7%i.d Pop).ation 0CB year3 <ea.e 162 a-% 7%i.d to $ota. Pop).ation 1161 N 7%i.d Se* Ratio <ea.e per 1000 Ma.e3 ;;

iterate 20F6 a-%

iterate Ma.e 11F6 a-%

iterate <ea.e 06;5 a-%

iteracy Rate BB6B N

iteracy Rate Ma.e F65 N

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iteracy Rate <ea.e 5F62 N

$ota. ?or-er 1B65; a-%

Main ?or-er 1;60B a-%

Mar+ina. ?or-er 2B6F a-%

Meber o Par.iaent MP3 @ 1F

Meber o e+i.ati(e Aeb.y MA3 @ 11 Meber o e+i.ati(e 7o)nci. M73 @ 2

Li..a Pari%ad $erritoria. 7ontit)ency Meber LP$73 @ ; Manda. Pari%ad $erritoria. 7ontit)ency Meber MP$73 @ BF

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Inteni(e Ho)e%o.d S)r(eyC201 

%e.d on A)+)t 1, 2013

The total population of the State as per the survey stands at ,E,2,23*7 The total menKs are 3,@3,1@,2@@ 7 The total .omenKs are 3,@2,CE,EE2 7 The survey found that 3E7** la-h .omen .ere living solitary life on account of either divorce or death of the husband in the entire State7 Another 373E la-h .omen are yet to marry even after crossing 2 years7 f the total deserted, unmarried and .ido.ed .omen, '6/ area alone has about *742 la-h .omen in its limits7

+t also revealed that the .omen have turned out to be the bread .inners for 3@71@ la-h families across the 32 districts of Telangana7 The survey found another interesting aspect about the .omen and that is @7*C la-h families of the State have only one .oman in their families7 According to the official statistics, the State has a total of 3,23,C,2* families7 A total of 733 la-h people are suffering from chronic diseases7 A total of 3,2C,22,434 houses .ere surveyed as part of the prestigious head count held on August 3C, *2317 f the total surveyed families, a total of E,3@,E houses .e re found loc-ed by the officials7

The survey stated that the State has the highest number of people from B  ommunity7 The total B population stands at 3,@4,E3,@4E, .hile the population of Ss stands at @,3*,@4@, STs is E,2*,*@@ and minority population is 4*,4,327 The household survey also brought to fore many interesting facts related to '6/ area7

The survey found that the total number of households in '6/ limits stands at 3C71 la-h7 +t also found that the city has a total of seven la-h employees7 The survey also revealed that around 3 la-h people have accounts in ban-s and post offices7 f the total households, around five la-h do not have drin-ing .ater facility and are dependent on bore .ater to meet their daily needs7 The corporation also has 374 la-h migrant families in its limits7 The survey also found that about  la-h families do not have toilet facility and 33 la-h families still live rent houses7

The State government has recently handed over details of the survey to all government departments including '6/ for implementation of various .elfare programmes after tabulating them7

Total householdsJ 3,23,C,2* Total populationJ ,E,,3E2 BsJ 37@4crore

SsJ @ la-h STsJ E la-h

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/inoritiesJ 4* la-h GHM7 ARA

%o7 of householdsJ 3C71 la-h People .ith ban- a9cs J 3 la-h

6ouseholds .ith no tap .aterJ 4 la-h /igrant familiesJ 374 la-h

Families in rented housesJ 33 la-h Families .ith no toilet facilityJ  la-h Stat) o 'oen

Divorced or .ido.edJ 3E7** la-h 8nmarried 0over 2 yrs5J 373E la-h Sole bread.innersJ 3@71@ la-h Single .oman familiesJ @7*C la-h

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!! HIS$ORY O< $A:GA:A !!

Telangana, as a geographical and political entity .as born on >une *, *231 as the *Cth and the youngest state in 8nion of +ndia7 6o.ever, as an e conomic, social, cultural and historical entity it has a glorious history of at least t.o thousand five hundred years or more7 /egalithic stone structures li-e cairns, cists, dolmens and menhirs found in several districts of Telangana sho. that there .ere human habitations in this part of the country thousands of years ago7 $emnants of iron ore smelting found at many places demonstrate the hoary roots of artisanship and tool ma-ing in Telangana for at least t.o thousand years7 The reference to Asma-a >anapada, part of prese nt Telangana, as one of the 3E >anapadas in ancient +ndia proves that there e"isted an advanced stage of society7

ne of the first five disciples of the Buddha, ;ondanna is a typical name from Telangana and though there is no e"act information about his native place, the earliest -no.n Buddhist to.nship of ;ondapur in /eda- district is believed to be after him7 The Buddha himself famously ac-no.ledged that it .as ;ondanna .ho understood him properly7 The Buddhist sources say that Bavari, a Brahmin from Badana-urti in ;arimnagar sent his disciples to all the .ay to north +ndia to learn Buddhism and spread the message in this region7 /egasthenes, .ho visited +ndia in the 1th century B!, .rote that there .ere 2 fortified to.ns of Andhras and a ma) ority of them .ere in Telangana7 +n the historical age, Telangana had given rise to mighty empires and -ingdoms li-e the Satavahanas, :a-ata-as, + -shva-us, :ishnu-undins, halu-yas, ;a-atiyas, utb Shahis and Asif >ahis7 The emergence and flourishing of these po.erful political formations is in itself a proof of e"istence of a sturdy economic, social and cultural structure7

Thus Telangana has been a vibrant social entity by the time of the Buddha and continued to be so for the ne"t t.o and a half millennia7 !ndo.ed .ith such rich cultural heritage, despite the attempts by historians and scholars from Andhra region to obfuscate and erase its history, Telangana al.ays retained and fought for its self respect a nd self rule7 Due to the official efforts to ignore, erase, belittle and loo- do.n Telangana history and turn it into an appendage or a footnote, particularly during 3C4E# *231, much of Telangana history is either not properly researched or not recorded even if it .as studied7 Telangana rose again and secured its political identity no. and is in the process of resurrecting its o.n glorious past7 6ere is an attempt to rec onstruct the history of Telangana, the .onderful musical

instrument .ith a thousand strings7 PreC%itory 9p to 1000 >73

!ven though e"tensive e"ploration has not been done, particularly sub)ected to neglect after 3C4E, the archaeological department under the %iHamsK government had done tremendous .or- in discovering the traces of pre#historical human habitations in Telangana7 These studies found that human habitations in parts of Telangana can be seen from the Paleolithic age consistently7 !ither the same locations or e"tended locations sho.ed people continued to live and develop through the later stages of

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/esolithic, %eolithic and /etal ages7 !"cavations discovered stone tools, microliths, cists, dolmens, cairns and menhirs7 All the ten districts of Telangana sho.ed these traces even .hen a proper, scientific and official research and e"cavations have not been done and than-s to the efforts of either the first generation researchers before 3C42s or individual amateur e"plorations7

PreCSata(a%ana 1000 >7 Q ;00 >73

+n the historical age beginning from 3222 B! there are some references of Telangana as a geographical entity as .ell as Telugu as a linguistic entity, in t he contemporary Buddhist and

mythological te"ts7 6o.ever, it needs a detailed research to discover finer aspects and establish the stage of development of pre#Satavahana society7 Thought the official research into this aspect .as stalled for about si" decades, some enthusiasts li-e Tha-ur $a)aram Singh, B % Sastry and Dr D $a)a $eddy did their o.n painsta-ing e"plorations and sho.ed that there .as a flourishing society before the emergence of the Satavahanas7 Particularly Dr $a)a $eddy proved .ith numismatic evidence that there .ere rulers before the Satavahanas .ith ;otalingala as capital and issued their o.n coins7 +n these e"cavations the coins of 'obada, %aarana, ;amvaaya and Samagopa .ere discovered and at least t.o other rulersK names came to light7 Thus Telangana happens to be the first region in the subcontinent to have issued punch#mar-ed coins .ith even insignia7 The Buddhist te"ts as .ell as accounts of foreigners li-e /agesthenes and Arrian tal-ed about this region as having thirty forts, many of .hich have to be e"plored7

Sata(a%ana 250 >7 Q 200 73

After the fall of the /auryan !mpire, around the third century B there arose the first significant -ingdom under the Satavahanas from this region7 The earliest capital of the Satavahanas .as ;otalingala and then moved to the other popular capitals li-e Paithan and Amaravati 0Dharani-ota5 only after t.o centuries of their rule7 6o.ever, the first capital .as either ignored or brushed aside to give prominence to the later place in coastal Andhra7 The coins issued by the Satavahana -ings Simu-a 0B *3#*2@5, Siri Satavahana, Sata-ani +, Satasiri, Sata-ani ++, :asittiputta Pulumayi, :asittiputta Sata-ani and their

governors .ere discovered in ;otalingala7 %umismatic and epigraphic evidence sho.ed that the

Satavahanas ruled a larger area of the peninsula, .ith oceans as borders on three sides7 (iterature li-e 'athasaptashati, painting li-e A)anta flourished during the Satavahana rule7

PotCSata(a%ana 200 7 Q 50 73

After the fall of Satavahanas in the third century AD, Telugu#spea-ing areas .ere divided under various small rulers and till the emergence of the ;a-atiyas, for about si" or seven centuries this

fragmentation continued7 !ven as the mainstream Andhra historians maintained that it .as a dar-period in Telangana history .ithout any political formation, the current research found that Telangana .as ruled by various -ingdoms li-e the +-shva-us, :a-ata-as, :ishnu-undins, Badami halu-yas,

$ashtra-utas, :emulavada halu-yas, ;alyani halu-yas, /udigonda halu-yas, ;anduri hodas and Polvasa dynasty7 A detailed research into this period is yet to ta-e place7

Ka-atiya 50 7 Q 1;2; 73

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The sub#feudatories of the $ashtra-utas emerged themselves as independent -ings and founded the ;a-atiya dynasty around C42 AD and this -ingdom became strong and united .hole of Telugu#

spea-ing lands and lasted for more than three centuries and a half7 The -ingdom sa. po.erful -ings li-e 'anapatideva, $udradeva and Prataparudra as .ell as the first ever .oman ruler in the subcontinent $udramadevi7 The ;a-atiyas ruled from 6anuma-onda in the beginning and shifted their capital to ?arangal later7 The ;a-atiyas are -no.n for their irrigation public .or-s, sculpture and fire arts7 Than-s to the .ell# planned irrigation facilities and a perfect system of chain tan-s to suit the undulating nature of the terrain, the ;a-atiya -ingdom flourished economically leading to cultural progress also7 !nvy of this affluence, several neighbouring -ingdoms as .ell as Delhi Sultanate tried to .age .ar on ?arangal many times and failed7 Finally in 3*, Delhi army could lay seiHe on ?arangal fort and capture

Prataparudra, .ho, according to the legend, -illed himself on the ban-s of the %armada un.illing to surrender .hen he .as being ta-en as prisoner of .ar to Delhi7

PotCKa-atiya Interre+n) 1;2; Q 1B3

After Prataparudra .as defeated by /ali- ;afur in 3* , the ;a-atiya -ingdom .as again fragmented .ith local governors declaring independence and for about 342 years Telangana .as again under different rulers li-e /usunuri %aya-as, Padmanaya-as, ;alinga 'angas, 'a)apatis, and Bahmanis7 utbshahis 031CE # 3E@5 Sultan uli utb Shah, subedar for Telangana under the Bahamanis, .ith 'olconda as his capital, declared his independence in 31CE and seven sultans of this dynasty ruled not only Telangana but the entire Telugu#spea-ing land including parts of present day /aharashtra and ;arnata-a7 The /oghul empire .aged .ar and defeated 'olconda in 3E@ and for about three decades Telangana .as again .itnessed chaos and fragmented rulers7

Aa 8a%i 1F2C13

+n 33*, !mperor Farru-hsiyar appointed amar# ud#din ;han as the viceroy of Deccan and gave him the title %iHam#ul#/ul- 7 6e .as later recalled to Delhi, .ith /ubariH ;han appointed as the viceroy7 +n 3*1, amar#ud#din ;han defeated /ubariH ;han and reclaimed the Deccan suba7 +t .as established as an autonomous province of the /ughal empire7 6e too- the name Asif >ah, starting .hat came to be -no.n as the Asif >ahi dynasty7 6e named the area 6yderabad Deccan7 Subsequent rulers retained the title %iHam ul#/ul- and .ere called Asaf >ahi %iHams or %iHams of 6yderabad7 The /eda- and ?arangal divisions of Telangana .ere part of their realm7 ?hen Asaf >ah + died in 31@, there .as political unrest due to contention for the throne among his sons, .ho .ere aided by opportunistic neighbouring states and colonial foreign forces7 +n 3EC, 6yderabad city became the formal capital of the %iHams7

%asir#ud#da.lah, Asaf >ah +: signed the Subsidiary Alliance .ith the British in 3CC and lost its control over the state=s defense and foreign affairs7 6yderabad State became a princely state among the presidencies and provinces of British +ndia7 A total of seven %iHam=s ruled 6yderabad7 0there .as a period of 3 years after the rule of Asaf >ah +, .hen three of his sons 0%asir >ung, /uHaffar >ung and Salabath >ung5 ruled7 They .ere not officially recognised as the rulersJ

• %iHam#ul#/ul-, Asaf >ah + 0/ir amar#ud#din ;han5

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•

• %asir >ung 0/ir Ahmed Ali ;han5%asir >ung 0/ir Ahmed Ali ;han5 •

• /uHaffar >ung 0/ir 6idayat /uhi#ud#din Sa=adullah ;han5/uHaffar >ung 0/ir 6idayat /uhi#ud#din Sa=adullah ;han5 •

• Salabat >ung 0/ir Sa=id Salabat >ung 0/ir Sa=id /uhammad ;han5/uhammad ;han5 •

• %iHam#ul#/ul-, Asaf >ah ++ 0/ir %iHam Ali ;han5%iHam#ul#/ul-, Asaf >ah ++ 0/ir %iHam Ali ;han5 •

• Si-ander >ah, Asaf >ah +++ 0/ir ASi-ander >ah, Asaf >ah +++ 0/ir A-bar Ali ;han5-bar Ali ;han5 •

• %asir#ud#Daula, Asaf >ah +: 0/ir Farqunda Ali ;han5%asir#ud#Daula, Asaf >ah +: 0/ir Farqunda Ali ;han5 •

• AfHal#ud#Daula, Asaf >ah : 0/ir Tahniyath AfHal#ud#Daula, Asaf >ah : 0/ir Tahniyath Ali ;han5Ali ;han5 •

• Asaf >ah :+ 0/ir /ahbub Ali ;han5Asaf >ah :+ 0/ir /ahbub Ali ;han5 •

• Asaf >ah :++ 0/ir sman Ali ;han5Asaf >ah :++ 0/ir sman Ali ;han5 PotCindependence

PotCindependence

?hen +ndia became independent from the British !mpire in 3

?hen +ndia became independent from the British !mpire in 3 C1, 6yderabad remained anC1, 6yderabad remained an independent princely state for a period of 3

independent princely state for a period of 3 months7 The peasants of Telangana .aged an armedmonths7 The peasants of Telangana .aged an armed struggle to liberate the region7 Sc

struggle to liberate the region7 Scores of people lost their lives in the ores of people lost their lives in the armed struggle7 The private militiaarmed struggle7 The private militia named $aHa-ars, under the leadership of asim $aH.i unleashed terror in

named $aHa-ars, under the leadership of asim $aH.i unleashed terror in the state by resorting tothe state by resorting to looting and murder7 n 3 September 3C1@,

looting and murder7 n 3 September 3C1@, the +ndian government conducted a military operationthe +ndian government conducted a military operation called peration Polo to bring 6yderabad state into the +ndian 8nion7 +t a

called peration Polo to bring 6yderabad state into the +ndian 8nion7 +t a ppointed a civil servant, /7 ;7ppointed a civil servant, /7 ;7 :ellodi, as first chief minister of 6yderabad State on *E

:ellodi, as first chief minister of 6yderabad State on *E >anuary 3C427 +n 3C4*, Dr7 B>anuary 3C427 +n 3C4*, Dr7 Burgula $ama-rishnaurgula $ama-rishna $ao .as elected chief minister of the

$ao .as elected chief minister of the 6yderabad State in its first democratic election7 During this time,6yderabad State in its first democratic election7 During this time, there .as an agitation by locals in the state

there .as an agitation by locals in the state to ensure proper representation .as given to to ensure proper representation .as given to localslocals 0 mul-is 5 of 6yderabad7

0 mul-is 5 of 6yderabad7 <irt $e.an+ana

<irt $e.an+ana Mo(eentMo(eent

+n early 3C42s, people of Te

+n early 3C42s, people of Telangana region in 6yderabad state, started organiHing themselveslangana region in 6yderabad state, started organiHing themselves .ith a demand for separate state7 +n

.ith a demand for separate state7 +n 3C4 the +ndian government appointed the States 3C4 the +ndian government appointed the States $eorganiHation$eorganiHation ommission 0S$5 to loo- into various statehood demands in the country7 The ommission .as headed ommission 0S$5 to loo- into various statehood demands in the country7 The ommission .as headed by FaHal Ali, ;avalam /adhava Pani--ar and 67%7 ;unHru The S$ toured the .hole

by FaHal Ali, ;avalam /adhava Pani--ar and 67%7 ;unHru The S$ toured the .hole country to see-country to see-representations from various sections of the society7 People of Telangana region submitted several representations from various sections of the society7 People of Telangana region submitted several memorandums to the S$ and e"pressed their

memorandums to the S$ and e"pressed their .ish to constitute Telangana as a separate state7.ish to constitute Telangana as a separate state7 Telangana intellectuals such as late Prof >ayashan-ar and political leaders such as Sri 6 6eda,

Telangana intellectuals such as late Prof >ayashan-ar and political leaders such as Sri 6 6eda, Sri ;ondaSri ;onda :en-at $anga $eddy gave memorandums containing historic, political, economic, social and cultural :en-at $anga $eddy gave memorandums containing historic, political, economic, social and cultural )ustifications for creating the Telangana state7 The ommissi

)ustifications for creating the Telangana state7 The ommission submitted its report on 2 Septemberon submitted its report on 2 September 3C44, and recommended formation of Telangana state7 During the

3C44, and recommended formation of Telangana state7 During the period bet.een 3C44 September andperiod bet.een 3C44 September and 3C4E %ovember, the people of Telangana launched a series

3C4E %ovember, the people of Telangana launched a series of protests demanding statehood byof protests demanding statehood by implementing the S$ recommendations7 But intense lobbying by leaders from Andhra state in implementing the S$ recommendations7 But intense lobbying by leaders from Andhra state in %e.%e.

Monday,

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Delhi resulted in the merger of

Delhi resulted in the merger of Telangana region in Andhra state to form the Andhra Pradesh Telangana region in Andhra state to form the Andhra Pradesh state7state7 Telangana leaders insisted on a 'entlemenKs Agreement before

Telangana leaders insisted on a 'entlemenKs Agreement before the merger could ta-e place7 Thethe merger could ta-e place7 The agreement .as signed by Andhra and Telangana leaders and provided safeguards .ith the

agreement .as signed by Andhra and Telangana leaders and provided safeguards .ith the purpose ofpurpose of preventing discrimination against Telangana by the Andhra leaders76o.ever, the agreement .as preventing discrimination against Telangana by the Andhra leaders76o.ever, the agreement .as violated from day one by the Andhra leaders7

violated from day one by the Andhra leaders7 1B $e.an+ana A+itation

1B $e.an+ana A+itation

%on#implementation of 'entlemenKs Agreement and continued discrimination to %on#implementation of 'entlemenKs Agreement and continued discrimination to Telangana region in government )obs, education and public spending resulted in the 3CEC

Telangana region in government )obs, education and public spending resulted in the 3CEC statehoodstatehood agitation7 +n >anuary 3CEC, students intensified the protests for a

agitation7 +n >anuary 3CEC, students intensified the protests for a separate state7 n 3C >anuary, all partyseparate state7 n 3C >anuary, all party accord .as reached to ensure

accord .as reached to ensure the proper implementation of Telangana safeguards7 Accord=s main pointsthe proper implementation of Telangana safeguards7 Accord=s main points .ere

.ere

35 All non#Telangana employees holding posts reserved for Telangana locals .ill be transferred 35 All non#Telangana employees holding posts reserved for Telangana locals .ill be transferred immediately7

immediately7

*5 Telangana surpluses .ill be used for Telangana development7 *5 Telangana surpluses .ill be used for Telangana development7 5 Appeal to Telangana students to call off agitation7

5 Appeal to Telangana students to call off agitation7 But the protests further intensified, as more

But the protests further intensified, as more and more students and employees )oined the statehoodand more students and employees )oined the statehood movement7 Police firing on protesters led to the

movement7 Police firing on protesters led to the death of about EC youngsters during this phase of thedeath of about EC youngsters during this phase of the agitation7 Then Prime /inister +ndira 'andhi called for a high#level meeting to discuss the

agitation7 Then Prime /inister +ndira 'andhi called for a high#level meeting to discuss the statehoodstatehood issue7 After several days of tal-s .ith leaders of both

issue7 After several days of tal-s .ith leaders of both regions, on 3* April 3CEC, the regions, on 3* April 3CEC, the Prime /inisterPrime /inister developed an !ight Point Plan7 Sri /7 henna $eddy, founded the Telangana Pra)a

developed an !ight Point Plan7 Sri /7 henna $eddy, founded the Telangana Pra)a Samithi 0TPS5 politicalSamithi 0TPS5 political party in 3CEC to spearhead the

party in 3CEC to spearhead the statehood movement7 /rs7 +ndira 'andhi had called snap parliamentarystatehood movement7 /rs7 +ndira 'andhi had called snap parliamentary elections in /arch 3C37 +n these parliamentary elections,

elections in /arch 3C37 +n these parliamentary elections, Telangana Pra)a Samithi .on 32 out the 31Telangana Pra)a Samithi .on 32 out the 31 Parliament seats in Telangana7 6o.ever, +ndira 'andhiKs ongress 0$5 Party scored a

Parliament seats in Telangana7 6o.ever, +ndira 'andhiKs ongress 0$5 Party scored a landslide victory onlandslide victory on a platform of progressive policies such as poverty elimination 0'aribi 6atao57 She .as reluctant to

a platform of progressive policies such as poverty elimination 0'aribi 6atao57 She .as reluctant to acceptaccept the Telangana statehood demand at that )uncture7 Sri

the Telangana statehood demand at that )uncture7 Sri / henna $eddy then merged TPS in ongress / henna $eddy then merged TPS in ongress 0$50$5 party, after formulating a Si"#Point Formula to safeguard TelanganaKs interests7 The statehood

party, after formulating a Si"#Point Formula to safeguard TelanganaKs interests7 The statehood movement continued until 3C, but subsided later7

movement continued until 3C, but subsided later7 <ina. $e.an+ana

<ina. $e.an+ana Mo(eentMo(eent

Since mid 3CC2s, the people of

Since mid 3CC2s, the people of Telangana started organiHing themselves under various organiHationsTelangana started organiHing themselves under various organiHations .ith a demand for separate state of

.ith a demand for separate state of Telangana7 +n 3CC, the state unit of Telangana7 +n 3CC, the state unit of the Bharatiya >anata Partythe Bharatiya >anata Party 0B>P5 passed a resolution see-ing a separate Telangana7 Though the party create

0B>P5 passed a resolution see-ing a separate Telangana7 Though the party create d the states ofd the states of >har-hand, hhattisgarh, and 8ttara-hand in *222, it did not create

>har-hand, hhattisgarh, and 8ttara-hand in *222, it did not create a separate Telangana state citinga separate Telangana state citing resistance of its coalition partner, Telugu Desam Party7 Sri

resistance of its coalition partner, Telugu Desam Party7 Sri ;alva-untla handrashe-ar $ao 0;$5, .ho;alva-untla handrashe-ar $ao 0;$5, .ho .as then the Deputy Spea-er of

.as then the Deputy Spea-er of AP State assembly, had started bac-ground .or- on AP State assembly, had started bac-ground .or- on Telangana issue inTelangana issue in early *2227 And after detailed discussions and deliberations .ith a plethora of Telangana intellectuals, early *2227 And after detailed discussions and deliberations .ith a plethora of Telangana intellectuals, ;$ announced the launch of Telangana $ashtra Samithi on /ay 3th *2237

;$ announced the launch of Telangana $ashtra Samithi on /ay 3th *2237 ;$ had resigned to the;$ had resigned to the

Monday,

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post of Deputy Spea-er and /(A before

post of Deputy Spea-er and /(A before launching the Telangana $ashtra Samithi party7 Proflaunching the Telangana $ashtra Samithi party7 Prof >ayashan-ar, the ideologue of statehood movement e"tended his support to

>ayashan-ar, the ideologue of statehood movement e"tended his support to ;$7 +n *221, T$S ente

;$7 +n *221, T$S entered into a poll alliance .ith ongress party7 The party .red into a poll alliance .ith ongress party7 The party . on *E /(As and 4 /Pson *E /(As and 4 /Ps and entered into both the AP state

and entered into both the AP state and +ndian government7 Telangana issue found a place in 8PA#3and +ndian government7 Telangana issue found a place in 8PA#3 ommon /inimum Program7 Statehood issue .as also mentioned by President Abdul ;alam and Prime ommon /inimum Program7 Statehood issue .as also mentioned by President Abdul ;alam and Prime /inister /anmohan Singh in their speeches7 T$S president ;$, .as initially allotted the

/inister /anmohan Singh in their speeches7 T$S president ;$, .as initially allotted the ShippingShipping portfolio7 But another 8PA ally D/; demanded Shipping portfolio and threatened to .al- out of t portfolio7 But another 8PA ally D/; demanded Shipping portfolio and threatened to .al- out of t hehe coalition, if its demand .as not met, ;$

coalition, if its demand .as not met, ;$ voluntarily relinquished the Shipping portfolio to save thevoluntarily relinquished the Shipping portfolio to save the fledgling 8PA#3 government7 ;$ remained as a 8nion /inister .ithout portfolio, before being fledgling 8PA#3 government7 ;$ remained as a 8nion /inister .ithout portfolio, before being givengiven the (abour and !mployment portfolio7 As the 8PA government continued to dilly#dally on the decades the (abour and !mployment portfolio7 As the 8PA government continued to dilly#dally on the decades old demand for Telangana state, ;$ resigned to

old demand for Telangana state, ;$ resigned to his ministry in *22E7 ?hen a ongress leader his ministry in *22E7 ?hen a ongress leader made amade a belittling statement on the statehood movement in September *22E, ;$ resigned to the ;arimnagar belittling statement on the statehood movement in September *22E, ;$ resigned to the ;arimnagar (o- Sabha seat and .on it .ith a

(o- Sabha seat and .on it .ith a thumping ma)ority7 The massive ma)ority achieved by ;$ in thatthumping ma)ority7 The massive ma)ority achieved by ;$ in that election proved the strong statehood aspirations in the region7 +n

election proved the strong statehood aspirations in the region7 +n April *22@, T$S party /(As resignedApril *22@, T$S party /(As resigned also .al-ed out of the state government

also .al-ed out of the state government in protest against the delay in Telangana formation7 But, T$Sin protest against the delay in Telangana formation7 But, T$S could retain only  /(A and * (o-

could retain only  /(A and * (o- Sabha seats in this by#election7 +n *22C elections, T$S Sabha seats in this by#election7 +n *22C elections, T$S allied .ith TDP,allied .ith TDP, P+ and P/ parties7 The grand alliance did not yield the

P+ and P/ parties7 The grand alliance did not yield the desired result, as the Pro#Telangana vote gotdesired result, as the Pro#Telangana vote got split bet.een T$S, ongress, P$P and B

split bet.een T$S, ongress, P$P and B >P7 +n the end, T$S could .in only 32 >P7 +n the end, T$S could .in only 32 /(A seats and * /P seats7/(A seats and * /P seats7 +ntensifying the movement n %ov *Cth, *22C ,

+ntensifying the movement n %ov *Cth, *22C , ;$ had announced an indefinite hunger stri-e;$ had announced an indefinite hunger stri-e demanding statehood to Telangana7 But en route, the state

demanding statehood to Telangana7 But en route, the state police had arrested him and sent topolice had arrested him and sent to

;hammam sub#)ail7 The movement spread li-e .ildfire .ith students, employees, peoplesK organiHations ;hammam sub#)ail7 The movement spread li-e .ildfire .ith students, employees, peoplesK organiHations plunging into it7 +n the ne"t 32

plunging into it7 +n the ne"t 32 days, the .hole of Telangana region came to a days, the .hole of Telangana region came to a standstill7 The statestandstill7 The state government, headed by Sri ; $osaiah had called for

government, headed by Sri ; $osaiah had called for an all#party meeting on th December7 (eaders an all#party meeting on th December7 (eaders ofof TDP and P$P parties promised that they .ould support a Telangana statehood resolution if it .

TDP and P$P parties promised that they .ould support a Telangana statehood resolution if it . as tabledas tabled in the state Assembly7 As ;$Ks health .as deteriorating very fast, on Dec Cth *22C, the 8PA

in the state Assembly7 As ;$Ks health .as deteriorating very fast, on Dec Cth *22C, the 8PA government announced that the process of statehood for Telangana .ould be

government announced that the process of statehood for Telangana .ould be initiated7 But .ithin *initiated7 But .ithin * .ee-s, resistance from Seemandhra leadership resulted in 8PA

.ee-s, resistance from Seemandhra leadership resulted in 8PA bac-trac-ing on this issue7 ;$ thenbac-trac-ing on this issue7 ;$ then brought all political forces in Telangana region together to form

brought all political forces in Telangana region together to form the Telangana >A G an umbrella bodythe Telangana >A G an umbrella body of several organiHations and parties, .ith Prof ;odandaram as its hairman7 T$S cadre

of several organiHations and parties, .ith Prof ;odandaram as its hairman7 T$S cadre and leadersand leaders actively participated in several agitations and protests launched by T>A7

actively participated in several agitations and protests launched by T>A7 State <oration

State <oration

After 1 years of peaceful

After 1 years of peaceful and impactful protests, the 8PA government started the and impactful protests, the 8PA government started the statehood process instatehood process in >uly *23 and concluded the process by passing the

>uly *23 and concluded the process by passing the statehood bill in both houses of Parliament in Febstatehood bill in both houses of Parliament in Feb *2317 +n the 'eneral !lections held in

*2317 +n the 'eneral !lections held in April *231, Telangana $ashtra Samithi emerged victorious byApril *231, Telangana $ashtra Samithi emerged victorious by .inning E of the 33C seats

.inning E of the 33C seats and formed the government7 Sri ; handrashe-ar $ao .as and formed the government7 Sri ; handrashe-ar $ao .as s.orn in as thes.orn in as the First hief /inister of Telangana7 The Telangana state .as inaugurated formally on >une *nd *2317 First hief /inister of Telangana7 The Telangana state .as inaugurated formally on >une *nd *2317

Monday,

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$e.an+ana $ie.ine@ A bird eyeC(ie' into t%e

oration o India 2t% tate

The birth of the state of Telangana has seen several ups and do.ns, promises and bac-trac-ings7 The first ma)or movement for separate Telangana state .as .itnessed in 3CEC .hich .ent on for over four decades7 6o.ever, the movement gained momentum after the turn of the last century .ith the last fe. years being the most active7

 3C4 J Andhra Pradesh carved out of /adras province after Potti Sreeramulu dies during hunger stri-e

 3C4E J Telangana region of 6yderabad state merge d .ith Andhra Pradesh7

 3CEC J ver 42 Telangana protesters -illed in police firing7 /ovement collapses after /arri hanna $eddy merges his Telangana Pra)a Samiti Party .ith ongress and +ndira 'andhi ma-es him /

 *223J Formation of Telangana $ashtra Samiti by ;7 handrase-har $ao

 *221J <S$ )oins hands .ith $ao, promising separate Telangana, later pulls out7 All T$S /(As resign7

 Dec7 C, *22C J 6ome minister hidambaram initiates LprocessM of Telangana7 See-s consultations .ith sta-eholders7

 >an7 *@, *232J Sri-rishna ommittee formed to hold consultations on Telangana7

 Feb7 , *232J entre constitutes a five#member e"pert committee on Te langana issue headed by former Supreme ourt >udge B7%7 Sri-rishna7

 Dec7 2, *232 J Sri-rishna ommittee submits report7 6ome minister hidambaram see-s opinion of all parties on the committee=s report7

 >uly 1, *233J /ass resignations by Telangana /(As and /Ps over Telangana7

 >une *, *23J T.o ongress /Ps and former P chief ;7 ;esava $ao )oin T$S protesting delay in formation of Telangana7

 >uly 2, *23J ? adopts resolution to create Telangana7 A+ announces decision to create Telangana7

 ct7 , *23J 8nion abinet approves proposal of bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh7 'roup of

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/inisters formed7

 Dec7 4, *23J 8nion abinet approves the Andhra Pradesh $eorganisation 0Draft5 Bill prepared by the 'o/7

 Dec7 3*, *23J Andhra Pradesh $eorganisation 0Draft5 Bill sent to Andhra Pradesh (egislature Secretariat by President .ith 1 days to elicit vie.s7

 >an7 2, *231J Andhra Pradesh Assembly re)ects the Bill through a $esolution by voice vote

 Feb7 3@, *231 J Telangana Bill passed in (o- Sabha through a voice vote amid protests that stalled both houses several times7

 >une *, *231J +ndiaKs *Cth state , Telangana comes into e"istence

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!! $A:GA:A A:G9AG, AR$ & 79$9R !!

79$9R @

=South of %orth and %orth of South,K Telangana State has long been a meeting place for diverse languages and cultures7 +t is easily the best e "ample for +ndiaKs composite culture, pluralism and

inclusiveness7 (ocated on the uplands of Deccan plateau, Telangana is the lin- bet.een t he %orth and South of +ndia7 +t is thus no surprise that t he region on the .hole came to be -no.n for its 'anga# >amuna TehHeeb and the capital 6yderabad as a Nminiature +ndiaOK7 'eography, Polity and !conomy of the region determined the culture of Telangana7 Satavahanas, the earliest -no.n rulers of the region so.ed the seeds of independent and self# sufficient village economy, the re lics of .hich can be felt even today7 +n the medieval times, the ;a-atiya dynasty=s rule, bet.ee n the 33th and 31th centuries .ith ?arangal as their capital, and subsequently the utub Shahis and Asaf)ahis, .ho ruled the 6yderabad state defined the culture of the region7

AR$ <ORMS @

Some classical art forms received the royal patronage and attained finesse7 6o.ever, the art forms of the innumerable communities spread across the length and breadth of the State give Telangana its distinct identity7

?hile the ;a-atiya rule led to evolution of dance forms such as Perini Si(atanda(a, also -no.n as Ndance of .arriorsK, the commoners, faced .ith the challenges of daily life developed traditions of story# telling coupled .ith solutions to tide over them through 'olla Suddulu, ggu ;athalu and 'otralu etc7 Several art forms li-e above mingled and ne. forms emerged7 The ubiquitous D%oo D%a is one such evolved and composite art form7 They generally .ere a bout the struggle and e"ploitation7 People adopted the old sensibilities of theatre and art changing the content as per the case and place7

A variant of Ya-%a+ana, hindu Bhagavatham is performed .idely across Telangana7 +t is a theater art form that combines dance, music, dialogue, costume, ma-e#up, and stage techniques .ith a unique style and form7 The .ord NhinduK in Telugu means N)umpK7 As their presentation is interspersed .ith leaps and )umps, it gained the name of  hindu Bhagavatam7 /ost of the stories narrated are from NBhagavatamK7 a.ali, 'haHals and /ushairas evolved under the patronage of utub Shahi and the Asaf)ahi rulers in and around the capital city of 6yderabad7

<S$IVAS @

The 6indu festivals li-e 8gadi, Srirama %avami, Bonalu, :inaya-a haturthi, Dasara, Deepavali, San-ranti, 6oli, /ahashivaratri are celebrated .ith pomp, gaiety and devotion7 Dasara is the main festival .ith the epithet Npedda panduga7

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K Bathu-amma, a part of Dasara festivities, is unique to Telangana7 This colourful festival has historic, ecological, societal and religious significance7 ?omen clad in glittering costumes and )e.ellery carry beautifully stac-ed Bathu-ammas .ith flo.ers li-e Tangedu, 'unugu, hamanti and others to the village or streetKs meeting point7 /a-ing circles around the assembled Bathu-ammas, .omenfol- recite songs in a group7 The songs have their roots in Puranas, 6istory and even in the recent political and social developments of the particular region7 The fete culminates in Saddula Bathu-amma .here the villagers immerse the flo.er stac-s in the nearby tan-s and la-es7

>ona.) is a 6indu Festival, celebrated during the Telugu month of Ashadam 0translates to >une9>uly of 'regorian calendar5 .herein 'oddess /aha-ali is .orshiped7 The festival is also considered a

than-sgiving to the 'oddess for fulfilling the desires of devotees7 As part of the festival, Bo)anam or /eal is offered to the presiding /other 'oddess7 ?omen prepare rice coo-ed .ith /il-, >aggery in a Brass or !arthen Pot adorned .ith %eem (e aves, Turmeric, :ermilion putting a (ighted Diya on top of the 'hatam7 An important part of the festival is $ angam 0prophecy57 ?omen standing atop of an

earthen pot Ninvo-esK goddess /ahan-ali onto her and turns an racle7 %e"t is 'hattam7 A copper pot is decorated in the form of /other 'oddess7

$%e G%atta is carried by a priest and is ta-en in procession accompanied by NPothura)usK and musical instruments li-e trumpets and drums for the immersion7 Pothura)us are considered the brother of /other 'oddess and are represented by .ell# built, bare#bodied men, .earing a small tightly draped red dhoti and bells on an-les .ith turmeric on bodies and vermilion on the foreheads7

?hile $amHan is the main festival of /uslims, /oharram too is celebrated on a large scale in Telangana7 +t is -no.n famously as Npeerla panduga7K Pir means /aster7 /any 6indus ta-e part in the festival7

hirstians, mainly in and around 6yderabad celebrate hristmas and 'ood Friday .ith great fervor and religiosity7

AR$S A:D 7RA<$S @

Telangana is a great place for arts and crafts .ith many astounding handicrafts7 >idri 7rat @

The unique art of silver engraved on metal7 Blac-, gold and silver coatings are applied on this7 +t involves various several stages li-e casting, engraving, inlaying and o"idiHing7 The name of this art form is derived from a to.n called Bidar 0currently part of ;arnata-a5 of the erst.hile 6yderabad state7

>anara :eed.e 7rat @

Ban)ara %eedle rafts are the traditional handmade fabrics made by Ban)aras 0the tribal 'ypsies5 in Telangana7 +t is a form of embroidery and mirror .or- on fabrics employing the needlecraft7

Do-ra Meta. 7rat @

Dho-ra or Do-ra is also -no.n as bell metal c raft and is .idely seen in >ainoor /andal, 8shegaon and

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hittalbori in Adilabad district7 The tribal craft produces ob)ects li-e figurines, tribal gods, etc7 The .or-consists of fol- motifs, peacoc-s, elephants, horses, measuring bo.l, lamp cas-ets and other simple art forms and traditional designs7

:ira. Art @

The reno.ned %irmal oil paintings use natural dyes for depicting themes from the epics such as $amayana and /ahabharata7 Also, the .ood paintings and other .ooden articles, has great aesthetic e"pression7 The origin of the %irmal craft is traced bac- to the ;a-atiya era7 The motifs used for %irmal craft are floral designs and frescoes from the regions of A)anta and !llora and /ughal miniatures7 >ron4e 7atin+ @

Telangana is famous .orld#.ide for its amaHing BronHe castings7 ?hile using solid casting of icons, the mould is created using several coatings of different clays on a finished .a" model7 This process then imparts fine curves to the cast image7

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!! S$A$ SYM>OS !!

The Telangana government has announced the follo.ing four icons for the ne. StateJ 37 The State Bird # Palapitta 0+ndian $oller or Blue >ay57

*7 The State Animal # >in-a 0Deer57

7 The State Tree # >ammi hettu 0Prosopis ineraria57 17 The State Flo.er # Tangedu 0TannerKs assia57

These icons reflect the culture and tradition of Telangana state and three of them # Tangedu flo.ers, Blue >ay and >ammi hettu # are associated .ith the popular festivals of Batu-amma and Dasara7 ?hile Tangedu flo.ers are used in stac-ing of Batu-ammas, spotting the Blue >ay on Dasara is considered a good omen and people .orship >ammi hettu on that day7

Pa.apitta@

(ord $ama spotted the Palapitta before invading (an-a and vanquished $avana7 Palapitta has been chosen to put Telangana on the path of victory

8in-a@

Deer is deeply associated .ith +ndian history and a refere nce to this graceful animal .as there in the great epic $amayana7 +t can survive in the smallest forests also7 +t reflects the mindset of the people of Telangana as it is very sensitive and innocent7

8ai 7%ett)@

Pandavas had vanquished a large army of ;auravas only after performing .orshipping the >ammi

hettu7 They had hidden their .eapons on a >ammi hettu .hen they had been forced into e"ile in the forests7 %o., Telangana requires the blessings of the >ammi hettu7

$an+ed) <.o'er@

Tangedu flo.er .hich is used during the Batu-amma festival by .omen fol- is t he most appropriate choice as the state flo.er7

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!! A A>O9$ DIS$RI7$S O< $A:GA:A !!

ADIA>AD @

Adilabad derives its name from the erst.hile ruler of B i)apur, /ohammed Adil Shah7 The district is .orld famous for its %irmal toy ma-ing & Dho-ra casting7 The district .as situated bet.een  1= and @2 !, of the eastern longitudes and 3@712= and 3C74E %=, of northern latitudes7 The district is bounded on north by <eotmal and handa district of /aharashtra, on the east by handa district, on the south by

;arimnagar and %iHamabad districts and on the .est by %anded district of /aharashtra State7 The district has population of *,13,*C as per the * 233 census .hich accounts for 7C of the total population of the State .ith 3273@ decadal gro.th7

Hitorica. >ac-+ro)nd

The district derives its name from Adilabad, its headquarters to.n .hich .as named after the ruler of Bi)apur, Ali Adil Shah7 The district .as for long not a homogeneous unit and its component parts .ere ruled at different periods by nasties namely, the /auryas, Staavahanas, :a-ata-as, haludyasof Badami, $ashtra-ututs, halu-yas of ;alyani, /ughals,Bhosle $a)es of %agpur and Asaf >ahis, besides the 'ond $a)as of Sirpur and handa7

A+ric).t)re

The southern part of the district consisting of %irmal, (u"ettipet, ;hanapur and surrounding mandals is fairly developed agriculturally, o.ing to the availability of irrigation facilities there7 The total cropped area of the district is 47C la-h hectares .hich constitute  of the total geographical area7 The principal crops of the district are >o.ar, paddy, otton, ?heat, /aiHe, hillies, Sugarcane and Soy7 $o)ri

There is a highest .aterfall situated at ;untala 0:5 of %eradigonda mandal, Potchera ?aterfall at Pochara 0:5 of Boath mandal, the only one holy pilgrimage of Saras.athi temple at Basar .here the thousands of pilgrimages are visiting every day7 The ;addam Pro)ect is an e"isting ma)or pro)ect across river ;addam, a tributary of 'odavari near Peddur 0:5, ;addam 0/5, Adilabad District7 The pro)ect is envisaged to irrigate an ayacut of E@,222 Ac7 ;hariff7 The ;addam Pro)ect has been integrated .ith Sriramasagar Pro)ect7 The reservoir being supplemented through Sriramasagar Pro)e ct, Saras.athi anal to stabiliHe the localiHed ayacut7

$ep.e

Basara Temple is situated 342 ;ms from Adilabad, Adilabad District, Sri 'yana Saras.athi temple at Basara on the ban-s of river 'odavari is the only temple in South +ndia dedicated to the 'oddess of learning7 The legend has it that after the /ahabharata .ar, sage :yas embar-ed on a pilgrimage in search of peace7 6e reached the serene -umaranchala hills on the ban-s of river 'odavari and

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meditated and propitiated the 'oddess .ho eventually appeared before him and granted he r presence in the form of the divine trinity7 The 'oddess ordered the sage to place three handful of sand at three places everyday7 /iraculously these sand dunes transformed into the idols of the divine trinity i7e7, Saras.athi, (a-shmi, & ;ali7 These are the presiding deities of B asar today7 Despite the presence of the trinity, the temple is dedicated to 'oddess Saras.athi7

Hi.. & Ri(er

The most important river that drains the district is t he river 'odavari7 The Pengange, the ?ardha, and the Pranahita com ne"t importance7 The ;adam and the Peddavagu are tributaries of the 'odavari7 Besides these, there are also rivulets li-e the Satnala, the S.arna vagu, and the Suddavagu .hich drain the district7 The 'odavari .hich is the largest river in peninsular +ndia raises in the .estern 'hats at Tri mba-esh.ar near %asi- in /aharastra state and enters this district near Basara in /udhole Talu-7 This mighty river forms the boundary of the district separating the district from %iHamabad and ;arimnagar districts and s-irts the southern borders of hennur, (u"ettipet, ;hanaapur, %irmal and /udhole east # .hile talu-s7 The Penganga forms part of the northern boundary of the district in Adilabad7

Ite 9nit <i+)re So)rce

Area +n =222 Sq7 ;m 3E73 ensus *233

Population +n Persons *,13,*C ensus *233

/ale +n Persons 3,EC,4C ensus *233

Female +n Persons 3,3,E1* ensus *233

8rban +n Persons ,E2,*4C ensus *233

$ural +n Persons 3C,@2,C@2 ensus *233

Population 'ro.th 0decadal5  3273@ ensus *233

Population Density 0Person9Sq7;m5 32 ensus *233

(iteracy  E3723 ensus *233

/ale  27@3 ensus*233

Female  4373 ensus*233

8rbanisation  *713@ ensus *233

HYDRA>AD @

6yderabad, the capital city of Telangana consists of the t.in cities of 6yderabad and Secunderabad and is a bustling 122#year#old metropolis .ith an urban population of E million people appro"imately7

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6yderabad is famous as the former seat of the fabulously .ealthy %iHams of 6yderabad7 Built on the ban-s of the river /usi, and surrounded by huge prehistoric roc- formations li-e petrified, gray elephants7 The district is situated bet.een  2= and C 2=!, of the eastern longitudes and 3E 2= and 3@ *2=%, of northern latitudes7 The boundaries of 6yderabad district are %algonda district,

/ahaboobnagar district, ;arnata-a state and /eda- district in the !ast, South, ?e st and %orth

directions respectively7 The district has population of C,1,* as per the *233 census .hich accounts for 337*2 of the total population of the S tate .ith *7C decadal gro.th7

Go.conda <ort

'olconda is one of the most famous forts of + ndia7 The name comes from the Telugu .ords 'olla ;onda meaning Shepherd=s 6ill7 'olconda .as originally a mud fort, .hich .as rebuilt by the first three utub Shahi -ings over a period of E* years7 The fort is .ell -no.n for its ingenious .ater supply system and acoustics among other attractions li-e the palaces and the famous Fateh $ahben gun7 The e"clusive Sound & (ight Sho. ta-es you right bac- in time7

>ir.a Mandir

Birla /andir is a 6indu temple, built on a *@2 feet 0@4 m5 high hilloc- called %aubath Pahad on a 3 acres 04,222 m*5 plot7 The construction too- 32 years and .as constructed in 3CE by S .ami

$anganathananda of $ama-rishna /ission7 The temple .as constructed by Birla Foundation, .hich has also constructed several similar temples across +ndia, all of .hich are -no.n as Birla /andir7 This

completely .hite marble temple of (ord is built on t he hilloc-, the ;ala Pahad7 The temple has e"quisite sculptured and carved ceiling7 The temple loo-s do.n on 6ussain Sagar (a-e and is illuminated at night7 7%arinar

The harminar, built in 34C3 !, is a monument and mosque located in 6yderabad, Telangana, +ndia7The landmar- has become a global icon of 6yderabad, listed among the most re cogniHed structures of

+ndia7The harminar is situated on the east ban- of /usi river7 To the .est lies the (aad BaHaar, and to the south.est lies the richly ornamented granite /a--ah /as)id7 The !nglish name is a translation and combination of the 8rdu .ords hQr and /inar, translating to Four To.ers the eponymous to.ers are ornate minarets attached and supported by four grand arches harminar lies in all its splendour in the middle of (ad#BaHaar # 6yderabad=s famous bangle destination7 The monument is illuminated in the evenings7

J)tb S%a%i $ob

The tombs of the legendary utb Shahi -ings are at a distance of a -ilometre from Ban)ara Dar.aHa of the 'olconda Fort7 These tombs are said to be the oldest historical monuments in 6yderabad7 The uniqueness of the tombs lies in the fact that they are the only tombs in the .orld .here the entire dynasty has been buried at one place7

Mecca Maid