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Previous Issue: Issue: 1 1 July July 2009 2009 Next Next Planned Planned Update: Update: 18 18 January January 20142014 Revised
Revised paragraphs paragraphs are are indicated indicated in in the the right right margin margin Page Page 1 1 of of 2626
Telecommunications
Telecommunications
Outside Plant - Fiber Optics
Outside Plant - Fiber Optics
Communications Standards Committee Members
Communications Standards Committee Members
Ghamdi, Khalid Sulaiman, Chairman Ghamdi, Khalid Sulaiman, Chairman Muammar, Rushdi Husain, Vice Chairman Muammar, Rushdi Husain, Vice Chairman Abu Alsaud, Zakarya Abdulelah
Abu Alsaud, Zakarya Abdulelah Almadi, Soloman Musa
Almadi, Soloman Musa Amri, Saleh Saeed Amri, Saleh Saeed
Bamardouf, Lutfi Hussain Bamardouf, Lutfi Hussain Daraiseh, Abdelghani A. Daraiseh, Abdelghani A. Elwi, Salem Saud Elwi, Salem Saud Gotsis, Stavros D Gotsis, Stavros D Harbi, Saad Abdullah Harbi, Saad Abdullah
Janahi, Sami Mohammed Noor Janahi, Sami Mohammed Noor Musabeh, Ali Hamza
Musabeh, Ali Hamza Mutairi, Salman Ayedh Mutairi, Salman Ayedh
Omair, Ahmed Mohammad Omair, Ahmed Mohammad Qanber, Yousuf Abdul Aziz Qanber, Yousuf Abdul Aziz Rajeh, Majed Fahad Rajeh, Majed Fahad Rushaid, Tawfiq Fahad Rushaid, Tawfiq Fahad Shammary, Diab Methqal Shammary, Diab Methqal Tamimi, Mohammed Abdulaziz Tamimi, Mohammed Abdulaziz Walaie, Soliman Abdullah Walaie, Soliman Abdullah
Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards
Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards
Table of Contents Table of Contents 1
1 Scope...Scope... . 22 2
2 Conflicts Conflicts and and Deviations...Deviations... ... 22 3
3 ReferencReferences...es... . 22 4
4 Design...Design... .. 33 5
1 Scope 1 Scope
This standard covers mandatory requirements governing the engineering, design and This standard covers mandatory requirements governing the engineering, design and installation of the outside plant portion of fiber optic cable systems.
installation of the outside plant portion of fiber optic cable systems.
2
2 Conflicts Conflicts and and DeviationsDeviations
Any deviations, providing less than the mandatory requirements of this standard require Any deviations, providing less than the mandatory requirements of this standard require written wavier approval as per Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedure
written wavier approval as per Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedure SAEP-302.SAEP-302.
3 References 3 References
The selection of material and equipment, and the design, construction, maintenance, and The selection of material and equipment, and the design, construction, maintenance, and repair of equipment and facilities covered by this standard shall apply with the latest repair of equipment and facilities covered by this standard shall apply with the latest edition of the references listed below, unless otherwise noted.
edition of the references listed below, unless otherwise noted. 3.1
3.1 Saudi Saudi Aramco Aramco ReferencesReferences
Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedure Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedure
SAEP-302
SAEP-302 Instructio Instructions for Obtainins for Obtaining a Waivng a Waiver of aer of a Mandatory
Mandatory Saudi AraSaudi Aramco Engineemco Engineeringring Requirem
Requirement ent
Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards
SAES-P-111
SAES-P-111 GroundingGrounding SAES-T-018
SAES-T-018 Telecommunications--Symbols, Abbreviations and Telecommunications--Symbols, Abbreviations and Definitions
Definitions SAES-T-603
SAES-T-603 Telecommunications--Safeguards and WarningTelecommunications--Safeguards and Warning Devices
Devices SAES-T-628
SAES-T-628 Telecommunications--Underground CableTelecommunications--Underground Cable SAES-T-629
SAES-T-629 Telecommunications Buried Cable and WireTelecommunications Buried Cable and Wire SAES-T-633
SAES-T-633 Communications Splice ClosuresCommunications Splice Closures SAES-T-634
SAES-T-634 Telecommunications--Cable Testing and Telecommunications--Cable Testing and Accepta
Acceptancence SAES-T-887
SAES-T-887 Telecommunications--Protection at Power PlantsTelecommunications--Protection at Power Plants and Radio Stations
and Radio Stations SAES-T-903
SAES-T-903 Communications Electrical Protection--OSPCommunications Electrical Protection--OSP SAES-T-911
SAES-T-916
SAES-T-916 Communications Building CableCommunications Building Cable SAES-T-928
SAES-T-928 Telecommunications--OSP Buried CableTelecommunications--OSP Buried Cable
Saudi Aramco Standard Drawings Saudi Aramco Standard Drawings
AA-0367
AA-03674848 Buried Te Buried Telephone Clephone Cablesables AB-0368
AB-036897 97 Buried/Und Buried/Undergrounerground Cable Rod Cable Route Markeute Marker Postsr Posts and Signs
and Signs
3.2
3.2 Industry Industry Codes Codes and and StandardsStandards National Electrical Code National Electrical Code
ANSI/NFP
ANSI/NFPA 70A 70 National E National Electrical Clectrical Code (Node (NEC)EC)
Electronic Industries Association Electronic Industries Association
EIA/TIA- EIA/TIA-569569 Telecommunications Pathways and SpacesTelecommunications Pathways and Spaces
Building Industry Consulting Service International Building Industry Consulting Service International
TDMM
TDMM TelecommunicatioTelecommunications ns DistributiDistribution on MethodsMethods Manual
Manual RCDD
RCDD A professional registA professional registration proration program adminisgram administered tered by the Building Industry Consulting Service by the Building Industry Consulting Service Internatio
Internationalnal
Rural Utility Services (formally REA) Rural Utility Services (formally REA)
RUS PE-90
RUS PE-90 SpecificaSpecification for Totation for Totally Filled lly Filled Fiber Optic Fiber Optic CableCable
4 Design 4 Design
ANSI/NFPA 70
ANSI/NFPA 70 National Electrical Code (NEC), and the BICSI TDMM are used, asNational Electrical Code (NEC), and the BICSI TDMM are used, as modified below, for designing Saudi Aramco Engineering Standard SAES-T-624. modified below, for designing Saudi Aramco Engineering Standard SAES-T-624. Mandatory items are detailed herein.
Mandatory items are detailed herein. 4.1
4.1 General General RequirementsRequirements 4.1.1
4.1.1 Terms Terms and and DefinitionDefinitionss
Attenuation:
Attenuation: A measure of the decrease in energy transmission (lossA measure of the decrease in energy transmission (loss of light) expressed
of light) expressed in decibel (dB). in decibel (dB). In optical In optical fibers, attenuation isfibers, attenuation is primarily due to absorption and scattering losses.
primarily due to absorption and scattering losses.
Coating:
Coating: A layer of composite plastic material covering the fiber toA layer of composite plastic material covering the fiber to provide mechanical protection.
Core:
Core: The glass central region in an optical fiber that provides theThe glass central region in an optical fiber that provides the means for transmitting light.
means for transmitting light.
Multimode:
Multimode: A fiber that allows more than one optical mode toA fiber that allows more than one optical mode to propagate.
propagate.
Single Mode:
Single Mode: A fiber that supports the propagation of only one mode.A fiber that supports the propagation of only one mode.
Operating Wavelength:
Operating Wavelength: The light wavelength at which a system isThe light wavelength at which a system is specified, normally expressed in
specified, normally expressed in nanometers (nm). nanometers (nm). Most single Most single modemode fibers can operate at 1,300 nm or 1,550 nm.
fibers can operate at 1,300 nm or 1,550 nm.
Optical Link Loss Budget:
Optical Link Loss Budget: Total losses allowed for satisfactoryTotal losses allowed for satisfactory operation of an optical fiber system.
operation of an optical fiber system.
Pigtails:
Pigtails: Small single fiber cords used to terminate optical fiber cablesSmall single fiber cords used to terminate optical fiber cables at Central Offices
at Central Offices (COs) or regenerators. (COs) or regenerators. Each has Each has a:a: a)
a) Connector Connector at at one one end end to to interface interface the the equipment.equipment. b)
b) Bare Bare fiber fiber at at the the other other end end for for splicing splicing to to a a fiber fiber in in the the mainmain cable.
cable.
Splice Loss:
Splice Loss: The amount of loss of light energy caused by angularThe amount of loss of light energy caused by angular misalignment, and/or fiber end separation, and/or lateral displacement misalignment, and/or fiber end separation, and/or lateral displacement of fiber axes.
of fiber axes. 4.1.2
4.1.2 Design Design DocumentationDocumentation
As a part of each telecommunications work order/project, detail As a part of each telecommunications work order/project, detail schematic drawings shall be prepared for each fiber optic span/cable schematic drawings shall be prepared for each fiber optic span/cable route, showing the following information:
route, showing the following information: 1.
1. Fiber Fiber cable cable data:data: a)
a) Cable Cable manufacturer.manufacturer. b)
b) Vendor Vendor number.number. c)
c) Cable Cable size size (number (number of of fibers).fibers). d)
d) Cable Cable type type (filled (filled or or air air core).core). e)
e) Cable Cable make-up make-up (dielectric (dielectric or or non-dielectric).non-dielectric). f)
f) Type Type of of fiber fiber (multimode (multimode or or single-mode).single-mode). g)
g) Dispersion Dispersion shifted shifted or or non non dispersion dispersion shifted.shifted. h)
i)
i) Dispersion Dispersion specification specification in in ps/(nmps/(nm .. km).km). j)
j) Fiber paFiber packaging (ckaging (single fibersingle fiber/loose. /loose. Buffer; Buffer; multiplemultiple fiber/loose buffer; tight buffer, channel/groove or ribbon fiber/loose buffer; tight buffer, channel/groove or ribbon type, and color code).
type, and color code). 2.
2. Other Other information:information: a)
a) Trunk Trunk number/cable number/cable number.number. b)
b) Span Span number.number. c)
c) Manhole Manhole number number and and duct duct number.number. d)
d) Wall-to-wall Wall-to-wall measurements measurements (of (of conduits conduits betweenbetween manholes).
manholes). e)
e) Major Major intersections intersections and and key key streets.streets. f)
f) Fiber Fiber cable cable splice splice points points with with station station location.location. g)
g) Splice-to-splice Splice-to-splice cable cable lengths.lengths. h)
h) Record Record the the footage footage and/or and/or meter meter markings markings on on thethe engineering design construction drawings.
engineering design construction drawings. i)
i) Change Change in in cable cable route.route. j)
j) All substruAll substructures (pictures (pipes, utilities, epes, utilities, etc.) with stattc.) with station locaion location.tion. k)
k) Location Location of of marker marker posts posts and and signs.signs. 4.1.3
4.1.3 Design Design Drawings Drawings ClassificatioClassificationn
All fiber optic work order/project design drawings shall be composed All fiber optic work order/project design drawings shall be composed of three basic groups of drawing classification for consistency in of three basic groups of drawing classification for consistency in
presentation and application of standard symbols and abbreviations and presentation and application of standard symbols and abbreviations and for convenience in execution and recording.
for convenience in execution and recording. 1.
1. Cable Cable Drawing Drawing (Cable (Cable Schematic)Schematic) a.
a. Cable Cable layout layout shall shall have have all all the the complete complete informationinformation
symbolizing installation, removal or rearrangement of fiber symbolizing installation, removal or rearrangement of fiber optic cable, terminating equipment and other equipment optic cable, terminating equipment and other equipment associated with the fiber
associated with the fiber cable. cable. It shall It shall also include addressalso include address or location of the cable route and of the fiber terminal. or location of the cable route and of the fiber terminal. b.
b. No No part part of of a a cable cable layout layout drawing drawing shall shall be be referred referred to to a a detaildetail layout in other sheets not associated with the cable layout. layout in other sheets not associated with the cable layout. c.
c. Fiber Fiber cable cable shall shall be be properly properly identified identified using using applicableapplicable Saudi Aramco fiber cable designation symbols as specified Saudi Aramco fiber cable designation symbols as specified in
d.
d. Fiber Fiber terminating terminating equipment equipment (panel) (panel) shall shall be be symbolized symbolized byby proper fiber terminal symbol as specified in
proper fiber terminal symbol as specified in SAES-T-018,SAES-T-018, indicating the terminal number, cable & count and fiber indicating the terminal number, cable & count and fiber terminating capacity.
terminating capacity. e.
e. All All fiber fiber cable cable related related functions functions such such as as splicing splicing symbolsymbol and sequence, fiber cable characteristics and parameters, and sequence, fiber cable characteristics and parameters, test information and other directly cable related functions test information and other directly cable related functions shall be contained in the cable drawing section.
shall be contained in the cable drawing section. f.
f. Detail Detail presentation presentation or or drawing drawing of of the the fiber fiber cable cable route,route, termination, and other cable details shall be shown in termination, and other cable details shall be shown in section for “Detail Drawings.”
section for “Detail Drawings.” 2.
2. Trench Trench Drawing Drawing (Trench (Trench Schematic)Schematic) a.
a. The The trench trench layout layout shall shall have have complete complete information information directlydirectly related to all
related to all trench and conduit trench and conduit work involved. work involved. This willThis will include proposed trench, conduit, manhole substructure include proposed trench, conduit, manhole substructure symbols and other directly related symbols.
symbols and other directly related symbols. b.
b. Trench Trench section section detail, detail, manhole manhole layout layout and and other other detaildetail drawings shall be shown in section for “Detail Drawings.” drawings shall be shown in section for “Detail Drawings.” 3.
3. Detail Detail Drawings Drawings (Detail (Detail Schematic)Schematic) a.
a. This This section section shall shall contain contain drawings drawings which which show show detaildetail presentation on any part of the Cable or Trench drawing. presentation on any part of the Cable or Trench drawing. b.
b. Any Any other other drawings drawings presented presented to to enhance enhance readabilitreadability y andand layout presentation at the Cable and Trench Schematic shall layout presentation at the Cable and Trench Schematic shall be shown in this section.
be shown in this section.
Sectioning or grouping of the three different drawing Sectioning or grouping of the three different drawing classifications shall be on
classifications shall be on a sheet a sheet or drawing page or drawing page basis. basis. Work Work order drawings involving small size jobs may accommodate more order drawings involving small size jobs may accommodate more than one section in a drawing sheet provided they are properly than one section in a drawing sheet provided they are properly segregated by dividing lines and identified accordingly.
segregated by dividing lines and identified accordingly. 4.1.4
4.1.4 Cable Cable RouteRoute
The cable route for all new cables shall be approved by the Saudi The cable route for all new cables shall be approved by the Saudi Aramco Communications
Aramco Communications Engineering Division of Engineering Division of IT. IT. ApprovedApproved construction installation methods are as follows:
construction installation methods are as follows: 1.
1. Underground Underground (in (in conduit)conduit) 2.
3.
3. Aerial Aerial **
All buried and underground cable routes shall be marked in All buried and underground cable routes shall be marked in accordance with Saudi Aramco Standard Drawing
accordance with Saudi Aramco Standard Drawing AB-036897,AB-036897, Buried/Underground Cable Route Marker Posts and Signs. Buried/Underground Cable Route Marker Posts and Signs.
Commentary Note: Commentary Note:
Use of method number 3 (aerial construction) shall be approved Use of method number 3 (aerial construction) shall be approved in writing by the Saudi Aramco Communications Standards in writing by the Saudi Aramco Communications Standards Committee Chairman and complying with BICSI OSP Manual. Committee Chairman and complying with BICSI OSP Manual.
4.1.5 Attenuation 4.1.5 Attenuation
The maximum attenuation of each fiber within a cable, when normalized The maximum attenuation of each fiber within a cable, when normalized to a length of 1 km.
to a length of 1 km. At wavelength = 1,300 nm, shall bAt wavelength = 1,300 nm, shall be 0.5 dB/km ore 0.5 dB/km or less, and at wavelength = 1,550 nm,
less, and at wavelength = 1,550 nm, shall be 0.3 dB/km or less.shall be 0.3 dB/km or less. 4.1.6
4.1.6 Cable Cable CharacteristicsCharacteristics
All Saudi Aramco fiber optic cables shall comply with
All Saudi Aramco fiber optic cables shall comply with RUS PE-90 RUS PE-90
specification.
specification. Provide optical Provide optical fiber cables fiber cables with characteristics,with characteristics, makeup, and handling performance which allow installation: makeup, and handling performance which allow installation: a)
a) In In the the proposed proposed Outside Outside Plant Plant (OSP) (OSP) environment.environment. b)
b) Using Using standard standard equipment equipment and and procedures.procedures. 4.1.7
4.1.7 Metallic Metallic Armor Armor UseUse
Fiber optic cables may include an integral metallic armor if required Fiber optic cables may include an integral metallic armor if required for direct buried applications.
for direct buried applications. 4.1.8
4.1.8 Composite Composite Cable Cable UseUse
Composite cable of power and fiber optic shall not be used unless Composite cable of power and fiber optic shall not be used unless approved in writing by the Saudi Aramco Communications Standards approved in writing by the Saudi Aramco Communications Standards Committee Chairman.
Committee Chairman. 4.1.9
4.1.9 Use Use of of different different cable cable typestypes
For an individual link, the cable shall be the same type to ensure the For an individual link, the cable shall be the same type to ensure the same performance
same performance characteristicharacteristics. cs. This is This is to ensure to ensure compatibility incompatibility in terms of the fiber geometrical parameters, attenuation and dispersion. terms of the fiber geometrical parameters, attenuation and dispersion. 4.1.10
4.1.10 Bending Bending RadiusRadius
The minimum bending radius for fiber optic cable is: The minimum bending radius for fiber optic cable is:
a)
a) Ten Ten times times the the cable cable diameter diameter when when the the cable cable is is not not under under tension.tension. b)
b) Twenty Twenty times times the the cable cable diameter diameter when when the the cable cable is is under under tension.tension. 4.1.11
4.1.11 Pulling Pulling TensionTension
The pulling tension on fiber optic cables shall not exceed 600 pounds The pulling tension on fiber optic cables shall not exceed 600 pounds unless greater pulling tensions are specifically approved by the cable unless greater pulling tensions are specifically approved by the cable manufacturer.
manufacturer. When fiber optic cable is When fiber optic cable is pulled, it shall be pulled in pulled, it shall be pulled in aa straight line.
straight line. The cable shall never The cable shall never be bent or be bent or wrapped around thewrapped around the hand or any
hand or any other object as it is other object as it is pulled. pulled. Only vendor approvedOnly vendor approved equipment or methods shall be used.
equipment or methods shall be used. 4.1.12
4.1.12 Cable Cable EnvironmentEnvironment
All environmental conditions (petroleum, petroleum based products, All environmental conditions (petroleum, petroleum based products, thermal, chemical, mechanical, electrical conditions, etc.), which could thermal, chemical, mechanical, electrical conditions, etc.), which could be detrimental to the fiber optic cable when it is installed, shall be be detrimental to the fiber optic cable when it is installed, shall be identified and all necessary action taken to protect the cable from the identified and all necessary action taken to protect the cable from the potential hazards in its environment.
potential hazards in its environment. 4.2
4.2 Central Central Office Office and and Remote Remote Site Site EngineeringEngineering 4.2.1
4.2.1 Cable Cable Route Route in in BuildingsBuildings
The fiber optic cable route used from the central office cable vault (or The fiber optic cable route used from the central office cable vault (or building entrance) to the optical terminal equipment shall be designed building entrance) to the optical terminal equipment shall be designed in accordance with
in accordance with SAES-T-916,SAES-T-916, Communications Building Cable andCommunications Building Cable and approved in writing by the Saudi Aramco Communications Standards approved in writing by the Saudi Aramco Communications Standards Committee Chairman, and/or signed by a Registered Communications Committee Chairman, and/or signed by a Registered Communications Distributi
Distribution Designer (RCDD). on Designer (RCDD). This cable route This cable route shall be shall be shown on theshown on the telecommunications OSP design
telecommunications OSP design and construction and construction drawings. drawings. TheThe following guidelines shall be observed:
following guidelines shall be observed: 1.
1. Do Do not not use use power power cable cable runways runways (AC (AC and/or and/or DC) DC) to to supportsupport optical cables.
optical cables. 2.
2. Install Install a a new new runway runway or or conduit conduit to to support support the the planned planned opticaloptical fiber cable if an office:
fiber cable if an office: a)
a) Is Is equipped equipped with with a a cable cable grid grid only, only, and/orand/or b)
b) Does Does not not have have available available existing existing cable cable troughs troughs or or race race ways.ways. 3.
3. Optical Optical fiber fiber cables cables may may be be routed routed with with high high frequency frequency (CXR)(CXR) cable.
4.
4. Avoid Avoid a a route route that that would would stack stack future future cables cables in in excess excess of of 225 kg/m on top of fiber cables.
225 kg/m on top of fiber cables. 5.
5. Do Do not not exceed exceed the the fiber fiber cable's cable's minimum minimum bending bending radius.radius. 6.
6. Coil Coil 30 30 meters meters of of slack slack cable cable in in the the cable cable vault vault and and 10 10 meters meters if if there is no cable vault for restoration.
there is no cable vault for restoration. 4.2.2
4.2.2 Fire Fire Protection Protection Requirements Requirements in in BuildingsBuildings
Fiber optic cables placed inside all buildings shall comply with the fire Fiber optic cables placed inside all buildings shall comply with the fire protection requirements of
protection requirements of ANSI/NFPA 70,ANSI/NFPA 70, NEC Article 770.NEC Article 770. 4.2.3
4.2.3 Grounding Grounding of of Metallic Metallic Members Members in in BuildingsBuildings
Metallic members of fiber optic cables, which enter buildings, shall be Metallic members of fiber optic cables, which enter buildings, shall be grounded within 15 meters of
grounded within 15 meters of the point of entry. the point of entry. If metallic conduit isIf metallic conduit is used, the conduit shall be bonded (at each end) to the fiber optic
used, the conduit shall be bonded (at each end) to the fiber optic metallic members and
metallic members and connected to the connected to the building ground. building ground. Refer toRefer to SAES-P-111
SAES-P-111 for more details.for more details. 4.3
4.3 Subduct Subduct EngineeringEngineering 4.3.1
4.3.1 Number Number of of Subducts Subducts in in Four Four Inch Inch ConduitConduit
A four inch diameter underground conduit that is being set up for fiber A four inch diameter underground conduit that is being set up for fiber optic cable placement shall contain:
optic cable placement shall contain: 1.
1. Three Three subducts, subducts, two two 1 1 ½ ½ in in (inside (inside diameter) diameter) and and one one 1 1 in in (inside(inside diameter), or
diameter), or 2.
2. Four Four 1 1 in in (inside (inside diameter) diameter) subducts.subducts. 3.
3. Subducts Subducts shall shall have have pull pull rope rope or or pulling pulling tape tape inside.inside. 4.3.2
4.3.2 Subduct Subduct PlacementPlacement When placing subduct: When placing subduct: 1.
1. Comply Comply with with safety safety and and installatioinstallation n requirements requirements of of SAES-T-603SAES-T-603 and
and SAES-T-628.SAES-T-628. 2.
2. Do Do not not allow allow the the pulling pulling length length of of underground underground subduct subduct to to exceedexceed 455 meters.
455 meters. 3.
3. Station Station additional additional personnel personnel at at pull-through pull-through manholes manholes to:to: a)
a) Help Help guide guide subduct subduct into into the the opposing opposing duct.duct. b)
c)
c) Help Help with with lubricating lubricating the the subduct subduct as as it it is is pulled pulled in.in. 4.
4. Use Use a a 380 380 mm mm minimum minimum bending bending radius radius during during installation.installation. 5.
5. At At pull pull through through manholes, manholes, conduit conduit offset offset shall shall be be 230 230 mm mm or or less.less. 6.
6. Lubricate Lubricate the the subduct subduct throughout throughout the the pull pull by by applying applying generousgenerous amounts of lubricant (use lubricant recommended by subduct amounts of lubricant (use lubricant recommended by subduct manufacturer) at the:
manufacturer) at the: a)
a) Feeding Feeding end.end. b)
b) Pull-through Pull-through locations.locations. 7.
7. In In addition addition to to the the standard standard underground underground placing placing tools, tools, thethe following special tools and equipment are required:
following special tools and equipment are required: a)
a) Subduct Subduct reel(s).reel(s). b)
b) Lashing Lashing wire wire (to (to be be used used to to secure secure cable cable grip grip on on subducts).subducts). c)
c) One-inch One-inch dowels dowels or or larger larger based based on on subduct subduct size size (wood (wood oror plastic) or scrap copper cable (to be used for plugging the plastic) or scrap copper cable (to be used for plugging the pulling end of each subduct for a distance of 300-450 mm pulling end of each subduct for a distance of 300-450 mm to prevent subduct from collapsing during the pulling to prevent subduct from collapsing during the pulling operation).
operation). d)
d) Portable Portable two-way two-way radios radios (minimum (minimum of of two) two) or or other other reliablereliable communications ability.
communications ability. 8.
8. Position Position subduct subduct reels reels so so that that the the subduct subduct is is alternately alternately pulledpulled from the top of one reel and the bottom of the next reel to keep from the top of one reel and the bottom of the next reel to keep the subducts from twisting during installation.
the subducts from twisting during installation. 9.
9. Plug Plug all all subduct subduct ends ends to to prevent prevent water, water, dirt, dirt, etc., etc., from from enteringentering the subduct.
the subduct. 4.3.3
4.3.3 Subduct Subduct Placement Placement in in Occupied Occupied DuctsDucts
When optional fiber cables/subducts need to be placed in ducts When optional fiber cables/subducts need to be placed in ducts occupied by other types of cables:
occupied by other types of cables: -
- A A minimum minimum of of two two one one inch inch (2x1") (2x1") subducts shall subducts shall be be placed.placed. -
- Copper Copper cables cables shall not shall not be be pulled pulled after after the the fiber fiber has has been been installed.installed. 4.3.4
4.3.4 Direct Direct Buried Buried SubductSubduct
If subduct is to be direct buried, it shall be rigid PVC or heavy-walled If subduct is to be direct buried, it shall be rigid PVC or heavy-walled polyethylene.
4.3.5
4.3.5 Subduct Subduct ColorsColors
The subducts, which are placed inside a four inch conduit, shall be The subducts, which are placed inside a four inch conduit, shall be different colors per 4.3.1 and according to the following color scheme: different colors per 4.3.1 and according to the following color scheme: 1)
1) Three Three subducts, subducts, two two 1-½ 1-½ in. in. and and one one 1 1 in. in. Sub-ducts Sub-ducts colors colors areare orange, green and white.
orange, green and white. OR
OR 2)
2) Four Four 1 1 in. in. subducts. subducts. Sub-ducts Sub-ducts colors colors are are orange, orange, green, green, whitewhite and blue.
and blue. 4.3.6
4.3.6 Subduct Subduct Construction Construction DrawingsDrawings
Construction drawings shall include placement information including Construction drawings shall include placement information including but not limited to the following requirements:
but not limited to the following requirements: 1.
1. Duct Duct assignment, assignment, to to be be approved approved by by the the Saudi Saudi AramcoAramco Communications Engineering Division of IT.
Communications Engineering Division of IT. 2.
2. Length Length of of the the subduct subduct to to be be left left at at each each cable cable feed feed manholemanhole (minimum length of subduct sufficient to reach the opposite wall (minimum length of subduct sufficient to reach the opposite wall of the manhole; plus at least 1 meter at manholes where cable of the manhole; plus at least 1 meter at manholes where cable reels will be positioned for installation to act as a cable pulling reels will be positioned for installation to act as a cable pulling guide).
guide). 3.
3. Construction Construction note note specifying specifying a a 380 380 mm mm minimum minimum subductsubduct bending radius during installation.
bending radius during installation. 4.
4. Possible Possible problem problem areas areas (e.g., (e.g., severe severe bends, bends, dips, dips, conduitconduit transpositions, etc.)
transpositions, etc.) 5.
5. A A subduct subduct section section numbering numbering scheme, scheme, if if the the subduct subduct is is ordered ordered toto cut lengths.
cut lengths. 6.
6. Subduct Subduct racking racking position position (e.g., (e.g., cable cable rack rack position, position, on on or or underunder the cable
the cable racks, on racks, on walls, ceiling, etc.). walls, ceiling, etc.). Allow sufficient lengthsAllow sufficient lengths of subduct
of subduct for racking for racking in intermediate manholes. in intermediate manholes. Subduct mustSubduct must be installed so as not to block conduits or obstruct future cable be installed so as not to block conduits or obstruct future cable placement.
placement. 4.3.7
4.3.7 Subduct Subduct Cutting Cutting and and SplicingSplicing
Subduct shall not be cut or spliced for a minimum of 24 hours after Subduct shall not be cut or spliced for a minimum of 24 hours after placement to
placement to allow for allow for subduct shrinkage. subduct shrinkage. Subduct splices shall Subduct splices shall onlyonly be made inside the manhole between the cable vertical racks.
Threaded, self-tapping type subduct couplers shall be used to splice Threaded, self-tapping type subduct couplers shall be used to splice subducts.
subducts. 4.3.8
4.3.8 Conduit Conduit DesignDesign
All conduit systems shall be designed to care for the requirements of All conduit systems shall be designed to care for the requirements of both fiber and copper (see
both fiber and copper (see SAES-T-911)SAES-T-911).. 4.4
4.4 Underground Cable Underground Cable EngineeringEngineering 4.4.1
4.4.1 Subduct Subduct RequirementsRequirements
When a design calls for installing fiber optic cable in an underground When a design calls for installing fiber optic cable in an underground conduit system, always place
conduit system, always place the fiber optic the fiber optic cable inside a cable inside a subduct. subduct. If If the conduit system does not have existing subducts in one of it's ducts, the conduit system does not have existing subducts in one of it's ducts, 3 or 4 subducts shall be placed
3 or 4 subducts shall be placed in one of the existing ducts. in one of the existing ducts. It shall beIt shall be remembered that one spare main duct shall be left vacant for operations remembered that one spare main duct shall be left vacant for operations and
and maintenance purposes. maintenance purposes. Refer Refer toto SAES-T-911.SAES-T-911. 4.4.2
4.4.2 Underground Underground Cable Cable Design Design and and Construction Construction DrawingsDrawings
Engineering design and construction drawings for underground fiber Engineering design and construction drawings for underground fiber optic cables shall show the following information:
optic cables shall show the following information: 1. Manholes.
1. Manholes. 2.
2. Manhole Manhole diagrams diagrams illustratinillustrating g cable, cable, rack, rack, and and splicing splicing locationslocations of all facilities.
of all facilities. 3.
3. Conduit Conduit wall-to-wall wall-to-wall (inside (inside surface surface of of the the first first manhole manhole wall wall toto the inside surface of the second manhole wall) measurements. the inside surface of the second manhole wall) measurements. 4.
4. Radius Radius and and length length of of curve curve for for all all curves, curves, sweeps sweeps and and bends.bends. 5.
5. Dips, Dips, etc., etc., that that would would affect affect cable cable pulls.pulls. 6.
6. Locations Locations for for setting setting up up the the cable cable reel.reel. 7.
7. Minimum Minimum bending bending radius radius of of the the cables cables to to be be installed.installed. 8.
8. Maximum Maximum pulling pulling tension tension of of cables.cables. 9.
9. Reel Reel lengths lengths in in meters.meters. 10.
10. Warning Warning and and cable cable identification tags identification tags or or markers markers required required in in eacheach manhole.
manhole. 11.
11. Bonding Bonding and and Grounding Grounding systems.systems. 12.
12. Utility Utility pipes, pipes, Hydrocarbon pipes, Hydrocarbon pipes, Railroads Railroads and and road road crossingscrossings properly named with station numbers.
4.4.3
4.4.3 Underground Underground Cable Cable LengthsLengths
Fiber optic cable design and construction lengths shall allow sufficient Fiber optic cable design and construction lengths shall allow sufficient length for:
length for: 1.
1. Racking Racking in in pull-through pull-through manholes.manholes. 2.
2. Slack Slack at at splice splice points points (minimum (minimum of of 3 3 meters meters plus plus the the requirementrequirement of paragraph 4.5.7 below).
of paragraph 4.5.7 below). 3.
3. Central Central office office and and other other building building cabling.cabling. 4.
4. Slack Slack for for future future splice splice or or drop drop points points (minimum (minimum of of 3 3 meters meters plusplus the requirement of paragraph 4.5.7 below).
the requirement of paragraph 4.5.7 below). 4.4.4
4.4.4 Cable Cable SplicesSplices
To keep future new cable openings to a minimum, underground fiber To keep future new cable openings to a minimum, underground fiber optic cable splices shall be located at points where future branch optic cable splices shall be located at points where future branch splices will be required, in so far as it is practical to do so.
splices will be required, in so far as it is practical to do so. Underground fiber optic cables shall not be cut for splicing Underground fiber optic cables shall not be cut for splicing convenience.
convenience. CAUTION:
CAUTION: All fusion splices shall be made outside manholes and at least 3 All fusion splices shall be made outside manholes and at least 3
meters away from the
meters away from the manhole opening. manhole opening. Mechanical splices Mechanical splices may be made may be made either in or out of manholes.
either in or out of manholes.
4.4.5
4.4.5 Field Field SurveySurvey
A field survey shall be made of all proposed fiber optic cable A field survey shall be made of all proposed fiber optic cable
installation routes to determine if there are traffic/parking problems or installation routes to determine if there are traffic/parking problems or other unsafe conditions at proposed splice and cable pulling locations. other unsafe conditions at proposed splice and cable pulling locations. Check each manhole, through which the cable will pass, to confirm Check each manhole, through which the cable will pass, to confirm that adequate space is available for pulling, racking and splicing the that adequate space is available for pulling, racking and splicing the cable.
cable. Determine if other Determine if other conditions exist in the conditions exist in the field, which wouldfield, which would require change of
require change of the tentative design. the tentative design. Cable reel setup Cable reel setup locations shalllocations shall provide adequate space for:
provide adequate space for: 1.
1. Cable Cable trailers.trailers. 2. Trucks.
2. Trucks. 3.
3. "Figure "Figure 8's" 8's" of of cable cable for for split split reel reel pulling, pulling, when when required.required. Figure-eight Configurations
Figure-eight Configurations The “figure
The “figure--eight” configuration should be ueight” configuration should be used to preventsed to prevent
kinking and twisting when the cable must be unreeled or backfed. kinking and twisting when the cable must be unreeled or backfed. The "figure-eight" should be approximately 4.5 meters in length. The "figure-eight" should be approximately 4.5 meters in length.
Each loop should be approximately 1.5 meters to 2.5 meters in Each loop should be approximately 1.5 meters to 2.5 meters in diameter.
diameter. 4.4.6
4.4.6 Cable Cable Ordered Ordered by by Cut-LengthCut-Length
When cable is to be ordered by reel cut length, the reel cut length When cable is to be ordered by reel cut length, the reel cut length should be a total of the following:
should be a total of the following: 1.
1. All All wall-to-wall wall-to-wall lengths,lengths, 2.
2. The The amount amount for for racking racking in in all all pull-through pull-through manholes.manholes. 3.
3. The The slack slack loop loop length length at at splice splice points, points, typically typically 15 15 meters meters on on eacheach end.
end. 4.
4. The The lap lap required required for for splicing splicing the the ends ends of of the the reel, reel, typically typically 33 meters for each end of the reel.
meters for each end of the reel. 5.
5. Central Central office office and and other other building building or or termination termination point point cabling.cabling. 4.4.7
4.4.7 Cable Cable Placement Placement ToolsTools
The following tools shall be used when placing underground fiber The following tools shall be used when placing underground fiber optic cables:
optic cables: 1.
1. A A pulling pulling swivel swivel (maximum (maximum 7/8-inch 7/8-inch diameter).diameter). 2.
2. A A tension tension monitoring monitoring device, device, such such as:as: a)
a) A A dynamometer dynamometer (1,000 (1,000 pounds) pounds) or or equivalent.equivalent. b)
b) A A mechanical mechanical puller puller equipped equipped with with "built-in" "built-in" monitoringmonitoring capability or equivalent.
capability or equivalent.
Commentary Notes: Commentary Notes: Note
Note 1. 1. Before Before starting starting cable cable pull, pull, test test pulling pulling devices devices equipped equipped with pre-set load cut-off devices to ensure they are with pre-set load cut-off devices to ensure they are operating properly.
operating properly. Note
Note 2. 2. A A running running line line dynamometer dynamometer or or equivalent equivalent shall shall be be used to monitor the pulling tension applied to the cable used to monitor the pulling tension applied to the cable during the entire cable pulling operation.
during the entire cable pulling operation. Note
Note 3. 3. The The dynamometer dynamometer shall shall be be calibrated calibrated prior prior to to start ostart of f the cable pulling operation and at the intervals
the cable pulling operation and at the intervals specified by the manufacturer.
specified by the manufacturer. Note
Note 4. 4. An An observer observer shall shall be be stationed stationed to to observe observe the the dynamometer during the pulling operation to make dynamometer during the pulling operation to make sure the set limit is not violated.
3.
3. A A 3/8-inch 3/8-inch dacron dacron line line for for dynamometer dynamometer calibrationcalibration [15 to 23 meters].
[15 to 23 meters]. 4.
4. Large Large cable cable wheel(s) wheel(s) having having a a minimum minimum radius radius of of 20 20 times times thethe cable diameter.
cable diameter. 4.4.8
4.4.8 Underground Underground Cables Cables shall shall be be Non-metallicNon-metallic
Underground fiber optic cables shall be all dielectric (non-metallic). Underground fiber optic cables shall be all dielectric (non-metallic). When underground fiber optic cables containing metallic members are When underground fiber optic cables containing metallic members are placed (after receiving proper approval), the metallic members shall be placed (after receiving proper approval), the metallic members shall be bonded and grounded at all splice points to the manhole ground, which bonded and grounded at all splice points to the manhole ground, which shall be 25 ohms or less.
shall be 25 ohms or less. 4.4.9
4.4.9 Cable Cable Placement Placement CoordinationCoordination
Before starting underground placing work, all personnel shall
Before starting underground placing work, all personnel shall know theknow the communica
communication signals that will be usedtion signals that will be used. . Personnel shall be sPersonnel shall be stationed at:tationed at: 1.
1. The The reel reel location location during during pulling pulling activities activities to to maintain maintain proper proper reelreel rotation.
rotation. 2.
2. Pull-through Pull-through manholes manholes to:to: a)
a) Alert Alert the the pulling pulling personnel personnel in in the the event event of of a a mishap.mishap. b)
b) Monitor Monitor the the cable cable during during the the pulling pulling process.process. c)
c) Help Help with with cable cable lubricating, lubricating, as as required.required. d)
d) Help Help guide guide the the cable cable into into the the duct duct on on the the opposite opposite side side of of the manhole if the subduct is non-continuous through the the manhole if the subduct is non-continuous through the manhole.
manhole. 4.4.10
4.4.10 Set-up Set-up for for Cable Cable PullPull
At the manhole where the cable reel is set up for pulling-in, bring the At the manhole where the cable reel is set up for pulling-in, bring the end of the subduct out of the manhole (splice on additional subduct if end of the subduct out of the manhole (splice on additional subduct if the existing duct is not long enough) and set it in position for feeding the existing duct is not long enough) and set it in position for feeding the cables.
the cables. Place a generous amount Place a generous amount of lubricant in the of lubricant in the subduct beforesubduct before and during
and during the pulling the pulling operation. operation. See the See the manufacturer'smanufacturer's recommendations for
recommendations for proper lubricant proper lubricant application. application. Always useAlways use manufacturers recommended lubricants.
manufacturers recommended lubricants. Do not Do not use petroleum use petroleum basebase lubricants.
lubricants. 4.4.11
4.4.11 Cable Cable Racking Racking in in ManholesManholes
Fiber optic cables shall be racked in manholes so as to: Fiber optic cables shall be racked in manholes so as to:
1.
1. Lessen Lessen the the possibilitpossibility y of of accidental accidental damage.damage. 2.
2. Separate Separate fiber fiber optic optic cable/subduct cable/subduct from from other other cables.cables. 3.
3. Permit Permit subducts subducts to to rack rack on on the the same same brackets brackets or or hooks hooks at at thethe same level, when subducts are continuous pieces.
same level, when subducts are continuous pieces. 4.
4. Maintain Maintain minimum minimum bending bending radius radius of of ten ten times times the the cablecable diameter.
diameter. 5.
5. Secure Secure the the subduct subduct to to the the manhole manhole rack rack with with cable cable support support ribbonribbon or tie wraps.
or tie wraps. 4.4.12
4.4.12 Subduct Subduct Percent Percent FillFill
To allow sufficient space for pulling grips or pulling eyes, etc., in To allow sufficient space for pulling grips or pulling eyes, etc., in general, the cross-sectional area of the cable should not exceed 53% of general, the cross-sectional area of the cable should not exceed 53% of the inside cross-sectional area of the subduct for one cable, 30% for the inside cross-sectional area of the subduct for one cable, 30% for two cables, and
two cables, and 40% for 40% for three cables. three cables. Refer to Refer to ANSIANSI /EIA/TIA-569 /EIA/TIA-569 forfor more details on cable capacity for conduits having cross sectional areas more details on cable capacity for conduits having cross sectional areas ranging from 2 cm² to 82 cm².
ranging from 2 cm² to 82 cm². 4.4.13
4.4.13 Safety Safety RequirementsRequirements
All underground fiber optic cable installations shall comply with the All underground fiber optic cable installations shall comply with the safety requirements of
safety requirements of SAES-T-603SAES-T-603,, “Telecommunications“Telecommunications-Safeguards-Safeguards and Warning Devices,”
and Warning Devices,” SAES-T-628SAES-T-628,, “Telecommunications“Telecommunications --Underground Cable,” the “Construction Safety Manual” and Underground Cable,” the “Construction Safety Manual” and allall applicable safety practices.
applicable safety practices. 4.5
4.5 Direct Direct Buried Buried Cable Cable EngineeringEngineering 4.5.1
4.5.1 Placement Placement Methods Methods and and Safety Safety RequirementsRequirements The plowing-in method is the
The plowing-in method is the preferred method for burying optical fiberpreferred method for burying optical fiber cables.
cables. Before plowing in fibBefore plowing in fiber optic cables, it is recoer optic cables, it is recommended that themmended that the route be pre-ripped so that obstacles can be identified and removed or route be pre-ripped so that obstacles can be identified and removed or necessary precautions taken prior to the
necessary precautions taken prior to the actual placement of the actual placement of the cable.cable. The placing operation precautions during
The placing operation precautions during installation, backfilling, etc.,installation, backfilling, etc., shall be in accordance with
shall be in accordance with SAES-T-928SAES-T-928 andand SAES-T-629.SAES-T-629. During theDuring the placing operation, buried fiber optic cables shall not be cut for
placing operation, buried fiber optic cables shall not be cut for convenience.
convenience. 4.5.2
4.5.2 Engineering Engineering DesignDesign
The engineering design shall be well planned such that: The engineering design shall be well planned such that:
during the construction stage. during the construction stage. 2.
2. Splice Splice points points are are spaced spaced to to coincide coincide with with designated designated reel reel lengths.lengths. 3.
3. Suitable Suitable splice splice locations locations are are selected.selected. 4.
4. Splice Splice locations locations are are accessible.accessible. 5.
5. The The number number of of splice splice points points are are kept kept to to a a minimum.minimum. 6.
6. Buried Buried splices splices and and isolated isolated conduit conduit ends ends are are identified identified withwith Electronic Marking System (EMS) markers.
Electronic Marking System (EMS) markers. 7.
7. Splice Splice locations locations are are safe safe for for personnel.personnel. 4.5.3
4.5.3 Splice Splice PlacementPlacement
Only direct buried type splice closures shall be used in direct buried Only direct buried type splice closures shall be used in direct buried cable systems.
cable systems. The fiber optic The fiber optic cable "out-of-pit" cable slack shall cable "out-of-pit" cable slack shall bebe coiled and housed inside the splice pit.
coiled and housed inside the splice pit. 4.5.4
4.5.4 Splice Splice LocationsLocations
Splice and other access points shall be located so as to avoid areas that: Splice and other access points shall be located so as to avoid areas that: 1.
1. Are Are vulnerable vulnerable to to damage damage by by vehicular vehicular traffic traffic or or other other means.means. 2.
2. Are Are subject subject to to flooding flooding or or standing standing water.water. 3.
3. Have Have a a number number of of obstacles obstacles (which (which would would tend tend to to increase increase thethe need to cut and splice the fiber optic cable), such as:
need to cut and splice the fiber optic cable), such as: - Railroads. - Railroads. - Highways. - Highways. - Pipelines. - Pipelines. - Driveways. - Driveways. -
- Parking Parking lots.lots. 4.5.5
4.5.5 Cable Cable Direct Direct Burial Burial MethodsMethods
Direct buried fiber optic cables shall be placed inside a subduct or Direct buried fiber optic cables shall be placed inside a subduct or contain a steel armor, where there is a need to protect the cable against contain a steel armor, where there is a need to protect the cable against punctures caused by
punctures caused by hand tools or hand tools or gnawing animals. gnawing animals. In areas In areas wherewhere these dangers are not thought to be a concern, the cable may be of all these dangers are not thought to be a concern, the cable may be of all dielectric material (non-metallic).
dielectric material (non-metallic). When required When required to provide to provide additionaladditional protection, split subduct may be placed over the fiber optic cable
protection, split subduct may be placed over the fiber optic cable during installation.
during installation. All dielectric fiber All dielectric fiber optic cables shall optic cables shall always bealways be installed inside subducts, when direct burying (open trench or installed inside subducts, when direct burying (open trench or plowing-in methods) them
open trench conditions, place a minimum of 100 mm of sand below open trench conditions, place a minimum of 100 mm of sand below and above the fiber optic cable.
and above the fiber optic cable. 4.5.6
4.5.6 Marker Marker TapeTape
An orange marker tape shall be placed flat in the trench above all open An orange marker tape shall be placed flat in the trench above all open trench direct buried fiber optic cables.
trench direct buried fiber optic cables. The marker tape is The marker tape is to be placedto be placed approximately 300 mm below
approximately 300 mm below grade. grade. When the fiber optic cable When the fiber optic cable is allis all dielectric (non-metallic), a detectable marker tape shall be placed in the dielectric (non-metallic), a detectable marker tape shall be placed in the trench above the cable.
trench above the cable. The marker tape The marker tape shall not be placed shall not be placed closer thancloser than 300 mm to the cable.
300 mm to the cable. When the marker tape is placed by When the marker tape is placed by means of means of plowing, it shall be continuous.
plowing, it shall be continuous. 4.5.7
4.5.7 Splices Splices to to be be made made inside inside Splicer's Splicer's VehicleVehicle
At all buried splice locations, sufficient additional cable length (slack) At all buried splice locations, sufficient additional cable length (slack) shall be left to reach from the splice enclosure (or splice pit) to the shall be left to reach from the splice enclosure (or splice pit) to the inside of a cable splicer's vehicle or other facility that maintains a inside of a cable splicer's vehicle or other facility that maintains a suitable environment for splicing fiber optic cable.
suitable environment for splicing fiber optic cable. 4.5.8
4.5.8 Grounding Grounding Metallic Metallic MembersMembers
All metallic members of a fiber optic cable shall be bonded together All metallic members of a fiber optic cable shall be bonded together and grounded at
and grounded at all splice locations. all splice locations. The ground The ground shall:shall: 1.
1. Be Be 25 25 ohms ohms or or less less resistance.resistance. 2.
2. Be Be attached attached to to the the power power ground, ground, when when available available and and locatedlocated within 3 meters.
within 3 meters. 3.
3. Refer Refer toto SAES-T-887SAES-T-887 for appropriate protection requirements if for appropriate protection requirements if the cable is subjected to severe exposure due to fault current or the cable is subjected to severe exposure due to fault current or ground potential rise (GPR).
ground potential rise (GPR). 4.5.9
4.5.9 Minimum Minimum Cover Cover RequirementsRequirements
Direct buried fiber optic cables shall be placed with a minimum cover Direct buried fiber optic cables shall be placed with a minimum cover of:
of: 1.
1. 1200 1200 mm, mm, when when placed placed with with no no additional additional protection.protection. 2.
2. 760 760 mm mm to to 1200 1200 mm, mm, when when placed placed inside inside polyethylene polyethylene subduct.subduct. 3.
3. 250 250 mm mm to to 760 760 mm, mm, in in rock rock areas, areas, when when placed placed inside inside concreteconcrete encased conduit (refer to
encased conduit (refer to SAES-T-911,SAES-T-911, SAES-T-928,SAES-T-928, andand Standard Drawing
Standard Drawing AA-036748)AA-036748).. 4.
4.5.10
4.5.10 Cable Cable QuantitiesQuantities
When ordering fiber optic cables, include: When ordering fiber optic cables, include: 1.
1. The The measurements measurements between between splice splice points.points. 2.
2. Splicing Splicing overlap overlap -- -- typically typically 3 3 meters meters at at each each end.end. 3.
3. The The amount amount of of cable cable required required for for "out-of-pit"out-of-pit" " splicing splicing -- -- typicallytypically 15 meters at each end.
15 meters at each end. 4.6
4.6 Aerial Aerial Cable Cable EngineeringEngineering 4.6.1
4.6.1 Aerial Aerial Cable Cable LimitationsLimitations
Aerial fiber optic cables shall not be placed, unless approved in writing Aerial fiber optic cables shall not be placed, unless approved in writing by the Saudi Aramco Communications Standards Committee
by the Saudi Aramco Communications Standards Committee Chairman.
Chairman. BICSI TDMM Chapter BICSI TDMM Chapter 2 prior 2 prior to designing an to designing an aerial fiberaerial fiber optic installation.
optic installation. 4.6.2
4.6.2 Support Support Messenger Messenger StrandsStrands
Aerial fiber optic cables shall be placed on 6 mm (diameter strand), Aerial fiber optic cables shall be placed on 6 mm (diameter strand), messengers (support strand) unless unusual loading conditions require messengers (support strand) unless unusual loading conditions require larger messengers.
larger messengers. The support messenger The support messenger shall be bonded shall be bonded andand grounded in accordance with the requirements of
grounded in accordance with the requirements of SAES-T-903.SAES-T-903. 4.6.3
4.6.3 Aerial Aerial SubductSubduct
The placing of aerial subduct may be used for: The placing of aerial subduct may be used for: 1.
1. Providing Providing additional additional mechanical mechanical cable cable protection.protection. 2.
2. Pulling Pulling slack slack for for maintenance maintenance purposes.purposes. 3.
3. Easy Easy cable cable installation.installation. 4.
4. Preventing Preventing pole pole changeouts changeouts by by lashing lashing subduct subduct to to existing existing coppercopper cable.
cable. Fiber optic Fiber optic cables shall not be cables shall not be lashed directly to lashed directly to coppercopper conductor cables, without
conductor cables, without using subduct. using subduct. Fiber optic Fiber optic cables maycables may be lashed together.
be lashed together.
Commentary Note: Commentary Note:
Aerial subduct shall be ultraviolet (UV) resistant. Aerial subduct shall be ultraviolet (UV) resistant.
4.6.4
4.6.4 Aerial, Aerial, Non-Metallic Non-Metallic CablesCables
All dielectric (non-metallic) fiber optic cables shall be used in all aerial All dielectric (non-metallic) fiber optic cables shall be used in all aerial installations.
Exception: Exception:
Exceptions to this shall be approved in writing by the Saudi Aramco Exceptions to this shall be approved in writing by the Saudi Aramco Communications Standards Committee Chairman.
Communications Standards Committee Chairman.
4.6.5
4.6.5 Grounding Grounding Metallic Metallic Members Members in in Aerial Aerial CablesCables
When a fiber optic cable containing metallic members, (as an When a fiber optic cable containing metallic members, (as an
exception to paragraph 4.6.4 above) is placed on a pole line, (and the exception to paragraph 4.6.4 above) is placed on a pole line, (and the inductive effects of nearby power lines are not calculated), bond the inductive effects of nearby power lines are not calculated), bond the metallic members to the support strand at all splice points and at metallic members to the support strand at all splice points and at intervals not to exceed 2
intervals not to exceed 2 km. km. Each bond point shall be Each bond point shall be grounded to thegrounded to the power ground, where available.
power ground, where available. In other In other areas, a ground areas, a ground electrode of electrode of 25 ohms resistance or
25 ohms resistance or less shall be provided. less shall be provided. Joint use with nonJoint use with non grounded power systems greater than 15 kV phase to ground is not grounded power systems greater than 15 kV phase to ground is not permitted.
permitted. Fiber optic riser Fiber optic riser cables shall be cables shall be placed in riser placed in riser ducts fromducts from the base of
the base of the pole until the the pole until the cable exits on the cable exits on the strand. strand. The cableThe cable pulling tension shall not
pulling tension shall not exceed 600 exceed 600 pounds. pounds. Fiber optic cable Fiber optic cable bendingbending radii shall not be less than twenty times the cable diameter when the radii shall not be less than twenty times the cable diameter when the cable is under tension or ten times the cable diameter when the cable is cable is under tension or ten times the cable diameter when the cable is not under tension.
not under tension. 4.6.6
4.6.6 Allowance Allowance for for Expansion Expansion and and ContractionContraction
In aerial designs, approximately 150 mm of excess fiber optic cable(s) In aerial designs, approximately 150 mm of excess fiber optic cable(s) slack shall be left at every pole for normal expansion and contraction. slack shall be left at every pole for normal expansion and contraction. 4.6.7
4.6.7 Aerial Aerial Cable Cable DesignDesign
Fiber optic cable system engineering designs and installations shall Fiber optic cable system engineering designs and installations shall ensure that:
ensure that: 1.
1. Suitable Suitable splice splice locations locations are are selected:selected: a)
a) Clear Clear pole pole space space available.available. b)
b) Areas Areas that that provide provide easy easy access access for:for: -
- Splicing Splicing and and maintenance maintenance vehicles.vehicles. -
- Tools Tools and and test test equipment.equipment. c)
c) Area Area available available to to accommodate accommodate splice splice enclosure.enclosure. d)
d) Avoid Avoid locations locations involving:involving: -
- Personnel Personnel safety safety hazards.hazards. -
-
- Road Road or or highway highway intersections.intersections. -
- Congested Congested aerial aerial plant.plant. 2.
2. The The designated designated number number of of splice splice points points is is not not increased increased fromfrom those specified
those specified on the on the approved construction drawings. approved construction drawings. Do notDo not cut aerial fiber optic cables for placing convenience.
cut aerial fiber optic cables for placing convenience. 3.
3. Splice Splice points points are are spaced spaced to to coincide coincide with with designated designated cable cable reelreel lengths.
lengths. 4.
4. When When fiber fiber optic optic cable cable is is pulled, pulled, it it shall shall be be pulled pulled in in a a straightstraight line.
line. The cable shall never The cable shall never be bent or be bent or wrapped around the handwrapped around the hand or any other object.
or any other object. 4.6.8
4.6.8 Aerial Aerial Cable Cable Splice Splice Slack Slack
At splice points in aerial fiber optic
At splice points in aerial fiber optic cable installations, provide sufficientcable installations, provide sufficient additional cable slack so that the splice can be made
additional cable slack so that the splice can be made in an environmentalin an environmental van/vehicle free f
van/vehicle free from dust, moisture, and rom dust, moisture, and pollutants. pollutants. After completingAfter completing the splice, place the fiber optic cable slack and t
the splice, place the fiber optic cable slack and the splice case inside anhe splice case inside an Optiped (Trade Mark of
Optiped (Trade Mark of Coastal Engineered Products) or equivalentCoastal Engineered Products) or equivalent type optical storage enclosure or in
type optical storage enclosure or in an above ground pedestal enclosure,an above ground pedestal enclosure, in areas where above ground splices are permitted.
in areas where above ground splices are permitted. 4.6.9
4.6.9 Cable Cable QuantitiesQuantities
When ordering fiber optic cables, for aerial installations include: When ordering fiber optic cables, for aerial installations include: 1.
1. The The measurements measurements between between splice splice points.points. 2.
2. Splicing Splicing overlap, overlap, typically typically 3 3 meters meters at at each each end.end. 3.
3. The The amount amount of of cable cable required required for for on on the the ground ground and and in in thethe splicer's vehicle splicing.
splicer's vehicle splicing. 4.
4. Expansion Expansion loop loop at at each each pole.pole. 4.7
4.7 Splicing Splicing Fiber Fiber Optic Optic CablesCables 4.7.1
4.7.1 Fiber Fiber HandlingHandling
During the splicing operations, handle fibers carefully to avoid During the splicing operations, handle fibers carefully to avoid introducing flaws, breaking or scratching the fiber surface or in any introducing flaws, breaking or scratching the fiber surface or in any way damaging the fibers (sharp bends, crushing forces, etc.)
way damaging the fibers (sharp bends, crushing forces, etc.) 4.7.2
4.7.2 Safe Safe Disposal Disposal of of Scrap Scrap Fiber Fiber PiecesPieces
Scrap pieces of fiber are dangerous and can penetrate the skin. Scrap pieces of fiber are dangerous and can penetrate the skin.
Dispose of bare fiber properly by using the sticky side of a piece of Dispose of bare fiber properly by using the sticky side of a piece of tape to pick
tape to pick up and discard any up and discard any loose ends in a loose ends in a container. container. Scrap piecesScrap pieces of fiber shall be cleaned up from the work site and properly discarded of fiber shall be cleaned up from the work site and properly discarded before leaving a work site.
before leaving a work site. 4.7.3
4.7.3 Cable Cable Minimum Minimum Bending Bending RadiusRadius
Observe the following minimum bending radius limitations when Observe the following minimum bending radius limitations when handling optical fiber cables:
handling optical fiber cables: 1.
1. Under Under tension--Twenttension--Twenty y times times the the cable cable diameter.diameter. 2.
2. Not Not under under tension--Ten tension--Ten times times the the cable cable diameter.diameter. 4.7.4
4.7.4 Additional Additional Tools Tools for for SplicesSplices
In addition to the normal splicing tools, the following materials shall In addition to the normal splicing tools, the following materials shall be required:
be required: 1.
1. Optical Optical fiber fiber splicing splicing kit.kit. 2.
2. Lint Lint free free tissue.tissue. 3.
3. Isopropyl Isopropyl alcohol.alcohol. 4.
4. Approved Approved cable cable cleaner.cleaner. 5.
5. Approved Approved cleaver cleaver tool.tool. 6.
6. Means Means of of communication.communication. 7.
7. Approved Approved mechanical mechanical stripping stripping tool tool to to remove remove fiber fiber coating.coating. 4.7.5
4.7.5 Splices Splices - - Methods, Methods, Tests Tests & & CautionsCautions
Splice fibers with approved fusion splicing equipment or approved Splice fibers with approved fusion splicing equipment or approved mechanical splices.
mechanical splices. Fiber optic splices Fiber optic splices shall be shall be tested for splice tested for splice loss asloss as splices are being made, using an approved optical time domain
splices are being made, using an approved optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) or local injection detection (see
reflectometer (OTDR) or local injection detection (see SAES-T-634SAES-T-634 for test and acceptance requirements).
for test and acceptance requirements). CAUTION:
CAUTION: All fusion splices shall be made outside manholes and at least All fusion splices shall be made outside manholes and at least
3 meters away from the manhole
3 meters away from the manhole opening. opening. Mechanical splices may be Mechanical splices may be made made either in or out of manholes.
either in or out of manholes.
4.7.6
4.7.6 Preparations Preparations for for Splices Splices & & Other Other RequirementsRequirements Before beginning the splicing operation:
Before beginning the splicing operation: 1.
2.
2. Bond Bond and and ground ground all all metallic metallic members members of of the the cable. cable. TheThe measured ground resistance shall be 25 ohms or less. measured ground resistance shall be 25 ohms or less. 3.
3. To To prevent prevent fiber fiber damage, damage, handle handle buffer buffer tubes tubes and and fibers fibers carefully,carefully, when bending and placing in the organizer.
when bending and placing in the organizer.
Comply with the following when splicing fiber optic cables: Comply with the following when splicing fiber optic cables: 1.
1. When When splicing splicing the the fibers, fibers, follow follow the the manufacturer's manufacturer's instructioninstruction for the splicing equipment being used.
for the splicing equipment being used. 2.
2. Use Use an an approved approved buffer buffer stripper.stripper. 3.
3. The The fiber fiber coating coating stripper stripper used used shall shall be be approved approved for for the the specificspecific size fiber being stripped.
size fiber being stripped. 4.
4. To To minimize minimize damage damage to to the the bare bare fiber, fiber, avoid avoid excessive excessive wipingwiping (more than
(more than five times). five times). Before cleaving, wipe the Before cleaving, wipe the fiber twicefiber twice with a new tissue dampened with 90% grade alcohol to remove with a new tissue dampened with 90% grade alcohol to remove any coating debris from the stripped fiber.
any coating debris from the stripped fiber. 5.
5. Cleave Cleave the the fiber fiber with with an an approved approved cleaving cleaving tool. tool. Do Do not not use use handhand scribes for cleaving.
scribes for cleaving. 6.
6. If If required, required, wipe wipe the the fiber fiber after after cleaving cleaving to to remove remove dirt dirt or or grease.grease. Avoid excessive wiping.
Avoid excessive wiping. 4.7.7
4.7.7 Splice Splice OrganizersOrganizers
Non metallic splice organizers shall be used for organizing fibers at Non metallic splice organizers shall be used for organizing fibers at splice points.
splice points. Installation shall be Installation shall be in accordance in accordance with thewith the manufacturer's instructions.
manufacturer's instructions. Recommended types Recommended types of organizers of organizers areare Murry, BICC,
Murry, BICC, RayChem, and RayChem, and Fiberlign organizers or Fiberlign organizers or equivalent. equivalent. SeeSee SAES-T-633,
SAES-T-633, Communications Splice Closures.Communications Splice Closures. 4.7.8
4.7.8 Splice Splice ClosuresClosures
All splice closures shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer's All splice closures shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
instructions. Recommended types Recommended types of closures of closures are RayChem, are RayChem, MurryMurry Stayseal, and
Stayseal, and BICC BICC splice closures. splice closures. SeeSee SAES-T-633,SAES-T-633, Communications Splice Closures for more details. Communications Splice Closures for more details. 4.7.9
4.7.9 Temporary Temporary Bonding Bonding and and Grounding Grounding during during SplicingSplicing
Prior to starting splice work, as a safety precaution, place a temporary Prior to starting splice work, as a safety precaution, place a temporary bonding jumper across the splice opening to join all metallic members bonding jumper across the splice opening to join all metallic members of any cables that are not all dielectric, and bond them to the local of any cables that are not all dielectric, and bond them to the local ground electrode.
