Airport Pavement Design (Course Notes).pdf

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AIRPORT PAVEMENT DESIGN

COURSE NOTES

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AIRPORT PAVEMENT DESIGN:

COURSE NOTES

1.

1. Pavement design conceptsPavement design concepts 2.

2. Copies of transparenciesCopies of transparencies 3.

3. Copies of additional informationCopies of additional information A.

A. Typical layoutTypical layout B.

B. Aircraft characteristicsAircraft characteristics C.

C. FAA design curves and adjustments forFAA design curves and adjustments for flexible and rigid

flexible and rigid

D.

D. British procedureBritish procedure E.

E. Typical concrete slab layoutTypical concrete slab layout F.

F. Typical pavement structures for SouthTypical pavement structures for South African airports

African airports

G.

G. ReferencesReferences H.

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AIRPORT PAVEMENT DESIGN:

TYPES OF FACILITIES

•

• Runway

Runway

•

• Taxiway

Taxiway

•

• Apron

Apron

•

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TYPES OF AIRPORTS

•

International:International: BOEING 767 TO 747 BOEING 767 TO 747 CONCORDE CONCORDE AIRBUS 300 & 320 AIRBUS 300 & 320 DC DC -- 10, 1110, 11

•

Regional:Regional: BOEING 737 TO 707 BOEING 737 TO 707 AIRBUS AIRBUS BA 146 BA 146 DASH 7 DASH 7 F27, F28 F27, F28

•

Local:Local: CESSNA CESSNA DC DC -- 33 BEECHCRAFT BEECHCRAFT PIPER PIPER

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AIRCRAFT

CHARACTERISTICS

TYPE

TYPE TOTAL LOADTOTAL LOAD (

(kNkN))

NO OF WHEELS

NO OF WHEELS LOAD/WHEELLOAD/WHEEL ( (kNkN)) PRESSURE PRESSURE ( (MPaMPa)) ACN / @ 10 F ACN / @ 10 F CONCORDE

CONCORDE 18151815 8 8 --Dual tandemDual tandem 218218 1.261.26 7272 B767

B767 --300300 1 5661 566 8 8 --Dual tandemDual tandem 186186 1.211.21 4646 B747

B747 --400400 3 7963 796 16 16 --Dual tandemDual tandem 223223 1.381.38 4545 V737

V737 --300300 603603 4 4 --DualDual 138138 1.141.14 3131 B727

B727 --200 Advanced200 Advanced 934934 4 4 --DualDual 215215 1.151.15 4646 A300

A300 --C4C4 1 6291 629 8 8 --Dual tandemDual tandem 189189 1.241.24 5151 A310

A310 --300300 1 5101 510 8 8 --Dual tandemDual tandem 178178 1.401.40 4646 F27 Mk 400

F27 Mk 400 194194 4 4 --DualDual 4646 0.540.54 1010 BAe146

BAe146 --200200 400400 4 4 --DualDual 9494 1.141.14 2121 DASH 7

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DESIGN LOADING

•

• Wheel load

Wheel load

•

• Tyre

Tyre

pressure

•

• Wander:

Wander:

•

runwayrunway

•

taxiwaytaxiway

•

• Forces:

Forces:

•

verticalvertical

•

horizontalhorizontal

•

• Example

Example

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SPECIFIC CONCEPTS

•

Load classification number (LCN)Load classification number (LCN)

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Based on plate loadingBased on plate loading

–

Calculated from Benkelman Beam /FWDCalculated from Benkelman Beam /FWD

–

For flexible or rigidFor flexible or rigid

•

Aircraft classification number (ACN) and Pavement Aircraft classification number (ACN) and Pavement classification number (PCN)

classification number (PCN)

–

Include: pavement typeInclude: pavement type subgrade

subgrade strengthstrength tyre

tyre pressurepressure

method of calculation method of calculation

–

Used since 1983Used since 1983

–

Single wheel load (kg/500) with same performance as Single wheel load (kg/500) with same performance as group

group

•

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PCN

•

DESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION

–

PCN numberPCN number

–

Type of pavementType of pavement R = rigid

R = rigid

F = flexible

–

Pavement Pavement subgradesubgrade categorycategory A = High (CBR = 15) A = High (CBR = 15) B = Medium (CBR = 10) B = Medium (CBR = 10) C = Low (CBR = 6) C = Low (CBR = 6) D = Ultra low (CBR = 3) D = Ultra low (CBR = 3)

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PCN

•

Maximum Maximum tyretyre pressurepressure W = high (no limit)

W = high (no limit)

X = medium (< 1 500

X = medium (< 1 500 kPakPa))

Z = very low (< 500

Z = very low (< 500 kPakPa))

–

Evaluation methodEvaluation method T = technical

T = technical

U = experience

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PCN (CONT)

–

Example: 30/F/C/W/TExample: 30/F/C/W/T

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CalculationCalculation

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Rigid Max Flexural stress = 2.75 Rigid Max Flexural stress = 2.75 MpaMpa Ec Ec = 27.6 = 27.6 GpaGpa Poisson = 0.15 Poisson = 0.15 p = 1.25 p = 1.25 MpaMpa Westergaard Westergaard

–

Flexible: 10 000 repetitionsFlexible: 10 000 repetitions p = 1.25

p = 1.25 MpaMpa CBR or

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•

ICAOICAO

–

CanadianCanadian

–

FrenchFrench

–

UKUK

–

FAA (USA)FAA (USA)

•

BritishBritish

•

FAAFAA

•

US CORPSUS CORPS

–

CBRCBR

•

Asphalt InstituteAsphalt Institute

DESIGN PROCEDURES

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•

• PCA

PCA

–

Graphs

–

AIRPAV (Westergaard)

•

• Mechanistic

Mechanistic

•

• South African

South African

DESIGN PROCEDURES (CONT)

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FAA METHOD

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Design aircraft Design aircraft -- largest thicknesslargest thickness

•

Convert all aircraft to designConvert all aircraft to design

•

Adjust annual departuresAdjust annual departures

•

SubgradeSubgrade -- CBR, kCBR, k

•

Critical on nonCritical on non--critical areascritical areas

•

Wide bodies (> 45 500 kg): Wide bodies (> 45 500 kg): stabilisestabilise base and base and subbase

subbase

•

Graphs (departures, gross mass, CBR)Graphs (departures, gross mass, CBR)

–

Total thicknessTotal thickness

–

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•

• FlexibleFlexible

–

– SubbaseSubbase: CBR > 35, any type: CBR > 35, any type –

– Base: CBR > 100, any typeBase: CBR > 100, any type –

– Surfacing: 100 mm ACSurfacing: 100 mm AC

•

• RigidRigid

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– WastergaardWastergaard, edge loading, edge loading –

– SubbaseSubbase, any type, any type –

– Panel sizePanel size

FAA METHOD

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•

Design ACN: highest ACNDesign ACN: highest ACN mixed traffic

mixed traffic

•

Design life: 20 Design life: 20 -- 30 years30 years

•

Frequency: low Frequency: low -- 10 000 over life10 000 over life medium

medium -- 10 00010 000 high

high-- 250 000250 000

•

Traffic patternsTraffic patterns

•

CoveragesCoverages and Pass and Pass -- to to -- Coverage ratioCoverage ratio

BRITISH METHOD

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•

Design curves (ACN, CBR, Traffic, PQC)Design curves (ACN, CBR, Traffic, PQC)

•

FlexibleFlexible

–

Surfacing: 100 mm or 0.33 x DLCSurfacing: 100 mm or 0.33 x DLC

–

Base: bound (DLC, AC), Base: bound (DLC, AC), stabilisedstabilised, granular , granular (CBR > 30%)

(CBR > 30%)

–

SubbaseSubbase: granular (CBR > 30%): granular (CBR > 30%)

•

RigidRigid

–

Failure: 50% crackingFailure: 50% cracking

–

SubbaseSubbase: DLC, : DLC, stabilisedstabilised or granularor granular

–

Temperature warping (+ 10%)Temperature warping (+ 10%)

–

Joints/slab size (type, aggregate)Joints/slab size (type, aggregate)

BRITISH METHOD

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EXAMPLES

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EXAMPLE

•

Aircraft:Aircraft: B747 -B747 - 200 F (380 000 kg)200 F (380 000 kg) CBR = 10 CBR = 10 ACN = 58 ACN = 58 100 000 total rep 100 000 total rep 4 000 rep per year 4 000 rep per year

LAYER BRITISH FAA SA 1 SA 2 AC Surfacing 100 100 75 75 Base 500 BBM 250 Stab 100 G 200 WM

Subbase - 175 Stab 450 C 300 G Total 600 525 625 575

Airport Pavement Design (Course Notes).pdf