SSP 60d Piping

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(1)SemCAMS Piping Specification SSP-60d. These Specifications may only be used and relied upon by a supplier or contractor engaged to provide materials, goods or services to SemCAMS pursuant to, and in accordance with, the terms and conditions (including, without limitation, any limitations contained therein) as set out in a written agreement between SemCAMS and such supplier or contractor. Use or reliance upon these specifications in any other circumstances is prohibited and SemCAMS makes no representations, guarantees or warranties with respect to such other use including, without limitation, with respect to the reliability, accuracy, fitness, validity, nature or content of these specifications for such other use and assumes no liability for any loss, damages or expenses, which any person may suffer, sustain, pay or incur as a result of the use of these specifications for such other use.. D. 17-Nov-10. Technical Update. R. Neill. T. Abels. C. Hayes. C. 05-Dec-08. Minor Technical Update. R. Neill. G. Murray. C. Hayes. B. 30-Jun-07. Update for B31.3 2006 Ed.. R. Neill. G. Murray. C. Hayes. A Revision. 31-Oct-06 Date. Update. R. Neill Originator. G. Murray Checker. G. Skeavington Approver. Description.

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(3) Piping Specification. SSP-60d. TABLE OF CONTENTS General Requirements: Revision History:.............................................................................. 10 Appendices: Revision History: ..............................................................................................11. 1.0. SCOPE .................................................................................................................... 13. 2.0. DEFINITIONS .......................................................................................................... 13. 3.0. REFERENCES......................................................................................................... 15. 4.0. REQUIRED CODES AND STANDARDS ................................................................. 15. 5.0. DESIGN BASIS ....................................................................................................... 17 5.1. General Requirements .............................................................................................17. 5.2. Design Pressure ......................................................................................................17. 5.3. Design Temperature ................................................................................................19. 5.4. Pipe Class Breaks ....................................................................................................21. 5.5. Pipe Wall Thickness Calculations ............................................................................. 21. 5.6. Standardization of Materials ..................................................................................... 22. 5.7. Flexibility and Nozzle Load Analysis ......................................................................... 23. 5.8. Governing Codes - Limits of Code Application to Facility Piping................................ 27. 6.0. PIPING DESIGN DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS......................................... 28. 7.0. MATERIAL SELECTION ......................................................................................... 31. 8.0. A.. 7.1. Piping ......................................................................................................................32. 7.2. Tubing .....................................................................................................................35. 7.3. Fittings .....................................................................................................................36. 7.4. Flanges and Blanks..................................................................................................37. 7.5. Bolting .....................................................................................................................40. 7.6. Gaskets ...................................................................................................................42. 7.7. Valves......................................................................................................................45. 7.8. Elastomers...............................................................................................................52. QUALITY ASSURANCE / QUALITY CONTROL ..................................................... 53 8.1. Contractor’s QA/QC .................................................................................................53. 8.2. Inspection Requirements.......................................................................................... 54. 8.3. Fabrication QA/QC...................................................................................................54. 8.4. Procurement ............................................................................................................55. 8.5. Material Test Reports (MTRs) .................................................................................. 55. 8.6. Pressure Testing ......................................................................................................56. SMALL DIAMETER PIPING SUPPLEMENT ........................................................... 61 A.1. Scope and Definitions ..............................................................................................61. A.2. Materials ..................................................................................................................61. November 2010. SemCAMS. 3 of 480.

(4) Piping Specification. B.. C.. D.. E.. SSP-60d. A.3. Installation ...............................................................................................................63. A.4. Seal and Bridge Welding .......................................................................................... 64. A.5. Quality Assurance / Quality Control .......................................................................... 66. SOUR SERVICE SUPPLEMENT ............................................................................. 68 B.1. Scope and Definitions ..............................................................................................68. B.2. Design Requirements...............................................................................................69. B.3. General Material Requirements ................................................................................ 70. B.4. Piping ......................................................................................................................73. B.5. Tubing .....................................................................................................................74. B.6. Fittings .....................................................................................................................75. B.7. Flanges....................................................................................................................75. B.8. Bolting .....................................................................................................................76. B.9. Valves......................................................................................................................77. B.10. Preheating, Welding and Heat Treatment ................................................................. 78. B.11. Quality Assurance / Quality Control .......................................................................... 79. B.12. Material Identification ...............................................................................................79. B.13. Certificate of Compliance .........................................................................................80. FLEXIBLE PIPING (HOSE) SUPPLEMENT ............................................................ 81 C.1. General ....................................................................................................................81. C.2. Marking....................................................................................................................81. C.3. Scope ......................................................................................................................82. C.4. Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) for Hose ........................................ 82. C.5. End Fittings..............................................................................................................83. C.6. Inspection and Testing .............................................................................................84. C.7. Reference Standards ...............................................................................................84. FIBERGLASS PIPING SUPPLEMENT .................................................................... 87 D.1. Scope and Definitions ..............................................................................................87. D.2. Required Standards and Specifications .................................................................... 87. D.3. Regulatory Requirements......................................................................................... 89. D.4. Design Considerations .............................................................................................89. D.5. Installation and Assembly......................................................................................... 91. D.6. Inspection and Repair ..............................................................................................95. D.7. Documentation.........................................................................................................96. PIPELINE SUPPLEMENT ....................................................................................... 99 E.1. Scope ......................................................................................................................99. E.2. Design ...................................................................................................................100. E.3. Design Documentation Requirements .................................................................... 102. E.4. Materials ................................................................................................................103. E.5. Quality Assurance / Quality Control ........................................................................ 105. November 2010. SemCAMS. 4 of 480.

(5) Piping Specification. F.. G.. H.. I.. J.. SSP-60d. DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL PIPING SUPPLEMENT ......................................... 109 F.1. Scope ....................................................................................................................109. F.2. Required Codes, Standards and Specifications ...................................................... 109. F.3. General ..................................................................................................................109. F.4. Materials ................................................................................................................109. F.5. Welding Documentation and Qualification .............................................................. 110. F.6. Weldment Materials Properties Requirements ........................................................ 111. F.7. Welding and Fabrication.........................................................................................112. F.8. Bi-Metallic Welds ...................................................................................................114. F.9. Bends ....................................................................................................................114. F.10. Inspection and Testing ........................................................................................... 114. F.11.. Documentation.......................................................................................................115. LINE SIZING GUIDELINES ................................................................................... 117 G.1. General ..................................................................................................................117. G.2. Liquid Lines............................................................................................................117. G.3. Pump Suction, Discharge and Gravity Flow Lines................................................... 118. G.4. Tank and Tank Truck Fill Lines............................................................................... 120. G.5. Thermosiphon Reboilers ........................................................................................120. G.6. Gas Lines ..............................................................................................................121. G.7. Vapor Lines............................................................................................................121. G.8. Steam Lines ...........................................................................................................122. G.9. FRP and Cu-Ni Piping ............................................................................................122. G.10. Instrument Air Supply Systems............................................................................... 122. CHECK VALVE GUIDELINES ............................................................................... 123 H.1. Ball Check (Horizontal Lift) Valves.......................................................................... 123. H.2. Piston Check (Horizontal Lift) Valves...................................................................... 123. H.3. Swing Check Valves ..............................................................................................123. H.4. Dual Plate Check Valves ........................................................................................ 124. H.5. Stop Check Valves.................................................................................................124. H.6. Tilting Disk Check Valves ....................................................................................... 125. H.7. Check Valve Installation Guidelines........................................................................ 125. H.8. High Pressure Gas Injection Compressor Discharge Check Valves ........................ 125. FIREPROOFING GUIDELINES ............................................................................. 127 I.1. Scope and Definitions ............................................................................................127. I.2. Required Standards and Specifications .................................................................. 127. I.3. General ..................................................................................................................127. I.4. Areas where Fire-proofing is Required ................................................................... 128. PIPING ARRANGEMENT DETAILS ...................................................................... 129 J.1. Scope and Definitions ............................................................................................129. November 2010. SemCAMS. 5 of 480.

(6) Piping Specification. K.. L.. SSP-60d. J.2. Layout and Spacing ...............................................................................................129. J.3. Pumps ...................................................................................................................129. J.4. Compressors .........................................................................................................131. J.5. Process Vessels ....................................................................................................134. J.6. Fired Equipment.....................................................................................................135. J.7. Tanks and Storage Vessels.................................................................................... 135. J.8. Utility Connections to Process Lines....................................................................... 136. J.9. Utility Stations ........................................................................................................136. J.10. Utility Steam Piping ................................................................................................137. J.11. Oxygen Service Piping ...........................................................................................137. J.12. Buried Piping .........................................................................................................137. J.13. Vents for Piping and Vessels.................................................................................. 138. J.14. Drains for Piping and Vessels................................................................................. 139. J.15. Piping Alignment ....................................................................................................141. J.16. Misc. Piping and Valve Installation Details .............................................................. 142. J.17. Pipe Hangers and Supports ................................................................................... 145. J.18. Piping System Expansion and Flexibility Considerations......................................... 147. J.19. Strainers ................................................................................................................148. BOLT TIGHTENING PROCEDURES .................................................................... 151 K.1. Preparation ............................................................................................................151. K.2. Bolting Procedure ..................................................................................................151. K.3. Machinery Bolting Requirements ............................................................................ 151. K.4. Bolting Sequence ...................................................................................................152. REFERENCES....................................................................................................... 153 L.1. Company Specifications ......................................................................................... 153. L.2. Legislation and Regulation ..................................................................................... 153. L.3. Industry Codes and Standards ............................................................................... 154. STANDARD FORMS ......................................................................................................... 161 Form SF-1: Process and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) Checklist ................................... 162 Form SF-2: MTR Checklist for Pressure Piping (Carbon Steel Material). Page 1 of 2......... 164. Form SF-3: Fabrication Examination Record Sheet............................................................. 166 Form SF-4: Piping Examination Checklist ........................................................................... 167. REFERENCE TABLES AND FIGURES ............................................................................ 169 Reference Tables: Revision History: ................................................................................... 170 Table RT-1: Component Size Nomenclature ....................................................................... 171 Table RT-2: Pipe Wall Thickness ........................................................................................ 172 Table RT-3: Branch Connection Table. 1,5,6. .......................................................................... 173. Table RT-4: Allowable Pipe Spans for Steel Piping ............................................................. 174 Table RT-5: Reducing Threaded Pipe Flanges (Tapped Blinds)1 ......................................... 175. November 2010. SemCAMS. 6 of 480.

(7) Piping Specification. SSP-60d. Table RT-6: Cross Reference of Mating API and ASME Flanges......................................... 176 Table RT-7: API Flange Size to be used with Pipe 1 ............................................................ 177 Table RT-8: RTJ Ring Gaskets for use with ASME B16.5 Flanges ...................................... 177 Table RT-9: Stud Dimensions for Raised Face (RF) Flanges .............................................. 178 Table RT-10: Stud Dimensions for Ring Joint Flanges ........................................................ 179 Table RT-11: Bolt Torque Data for RF Flanges and Spiral Wound Gaskets ......................... 180 Table RT-12: Bolt Torque Data for RTJ Flanges and Ring Gaskets ..................................... 181 Table RT-13: Thicknesses for Raised Face Spectacle Blinds, and Blanks 1,2....................... 182 Table RT-14: Thicknesses for Female Ring Joint Spectacle Blinds, and Blanks Table RT-15: Thicknesses for Male Ring Joint Spectacle Blinds, and Blanks. 1, 2. Table RT-16: ASME B16.5 Flange Ratings, Materials Group 1.1 and 1.2 (CS). 1, 2. .............. 183. .................. 184. 1, 2. ................ 185. 1. Table RT-17: ASME B16.5 Flange Ratings, Materials Group 1.3 (low temp. CS) ............... 185 Table RT-18: ASME B16.5 Flange Ratings, Materials Group 2.1 (304 SS 1) ........................ 186 Table RT-19: ASME B16.5 Flange Ratings, Materials Group 2.2 (316 SS 1) ........................ 186 Table RT-20: ASME B16.5 Flange Ratings, Materials Group 2.3 (304 L & 316L SS 1) ......... 187 Table RT-21: ASME B16.5 Flange Ratings, Materials Group 2.8 (Duplex SS 1,3) ................. 187 Table RT-22: Requirements for Blanks ............................................................................... 188 Table RT-23: Design Min. Temp. for A106-B Carbon Steel without Impact Testing 1,2.......... 189 Table RT-24: Common Spiral Wound Gasket Color Codes 1 ............................................... 190 Table RT-25: Maximum Flange Pressure Ratings for CSA Z662 Pipelines .......................... 191 Table RT-26: Ratings Basis for O-Let Fittings, MSS SP-97 (Buttwelding, Threaded and Socket Welding) .....................................................................................................191. PIPE CLASS TABLES ...................................................................................................... 193 Pipe Class Tables: Revision History:................................................................................... 194 Service Index......................................................................................................................197 Summary of Piping Classes ................................................................................................199 Material Equivalency Table for ASTM Piping Components .................................................. 203 General Notes for Pipe Class Tables .................................................................................. 205. VALVE LONG DESCRIPTIONS ........................................................................................ 335 Valve Long Descriptions: Revision History: ......................................................................... 336 Valve Identification Legend .................................................................................................339 Material Equivalencies ........................................................................................................340 General Valve Notes:..........................................................................................................341 Applicable Valve Standards: ...............................................................................................343 Ball Valve Long Descriptions ..............................................................................................345 Butterfly Valve Long Descriptions ....................................................................................... 371 Check Valve Long Descriptions .......................................................................................... 379 Gate Valve Long Descriptions.............................................................................................415 Globe Valve Long Descriptions ........................................................................................... 431 Needle Valve Long Descriptions ......................................................................................... 443. November 2010. SemCAMS. 7 of 480.

(8) Piping Specification. SSP-60d. Plug Valve Long Descriptions .............................................................................................449 Specialty - Chemical Injection Valve Long Descriptions....................................................... 451 Specialty - Instrument Double Block and Bleed Valve Long Descriptions............................. 457 Specialty - Sample Valve Long Descriptions ....................................................................... 473 Tubing Valve Long Descriptions.......................................................................................... 478. November 2010. SemCAMS. 8 of 480.

(9) Piping Specification. SSP-60d. TABLES 1. Table 1: Specified Corrosion Allowance for Pipe .............................................................................22 Table 2: Specified Thread Allowance for Pipe 1 .................................................................................22 Table 3: Piping Material Selection .....................................................................................................34 Table 4: Fitting Material Selection......................................................................................................37 Table 5: Flange Material Selection ....................................................................................................40 Table 6: Bolting Material Selection ....................................................................................................41 2. Table 7: Trim Requirements for Gate, Globe and Check Valves ......................................................48 Table 8: Typical Ball Valve Seat / Seal Requirements 1 .....................................................................49 Table 9: Ball Valve Construction Requirements .................................................................................50 Table 10: Operator Requirements for Valves .....................................................................................50 1. Table 11: Approximate Temperature Limits of Common Oilfield Elastomers ....................................52 Table 12: Class of Fittings to be used in Small Diameter Piping Systems ..........................................62 Table 13: Chemical Composition Limits for Carbon Steel Piping Materials in Sour Service ................70 Table 14: Typical Environmental Limits of Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRAs) in Sour Service ...........72 Table 15: Sour Service Bolting – Material Selection...........................................................................77 Table 16: Elastomer use in Sour Service Valves................................................................................78 Table 17: Recommended Valves for High Concentration Sour Service ..............................................78 Table 18: Maximum Support Spacing for Uninsulated FRP Pipe ≤24ºC ............................................90 Table 19: Fiberglass Piping Installer Approval Range Diameters .......................................................91 Table 20: Pipeline Risers, Recommended Minimum Bend Radii ......................................................101 Table 21: Recommended Maximum Variation in Pipeline Internal Diameter for ILI Tools .................102 Table 22: Weld Qualification Limitations for Duplex SS Piping .........................................................111 Table 23: Corrosion Resistance Test Criteria for Duplex SS Piping..................................................111 Table 24: Bimetallic Weld Consumables for Duplex SS Piping .........................................................114 Table 25: Boiling or Viscous Liquids – Preliminary Sizing Criteria ....................................................119 Table 26: Light Hydrocarbons and Water – Preliminary Sizing Criteria.............................................119 Table 27: Recommended Velocity for Steam Lines..........................................................................122 Table 28: Recommended Pressure Drop for Steam Lines ...............................................................122 Table 29: Drains for Vertical Vessels ...............................................................................................140 Table 30: Drains for Horizontal Vessels ...........................................................................................140 Table 31: Machinery – Flange Alignment Tolerances.......................................................................141. November 2010. SemCAMS. 9 of 480.

(10) Piping Specification. SSP-60d. General Requirements: Revision History: Rev. d. •. Minor Update .................................................................................................................................. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •. •. • • • • • • • • • •. Changes to incorporate BC and Saskatchewan • Moved regulatory references from Section 3 to Section E due to large list now with BC and SK included. • Added additional information in Section 4.0 to reflect BC and SK. • Section 7.0 Item 2, Section 6.0 Item 4 (in it’s entirety) and Section 5.7.1 Item 7 all modified in an effort to address some of the particular requirements in BC and Saskatchewan Throughout: removed references to ASME B16.28 as this standard has been withdrawn and ASME B16.9 now incorporates short radius elbows Revised the minimum design metal temperature (MDMT) for low temperature materials from -46 C to – 45 C per Code Interpretation 21-01. Also corrected MDMT for A193 B7M bolting from -46 to -48 C and A350 LF2 Class 2 material from -18 to -17 C. Changed all references to Duplex Grade S31803 to Duplex Grade S32205 for pipe and from F51 to F60 for forgings (due to higher nitrogen content and better weld properties). Tubing unaffected since not welded. Section 2.0, modified definitions of on-plot and off-plot Section 2.0, Minor clarification to the definition of Category D service. Section 5.1 Item 3, deleted as duplicates Section 7.1 Item 3. Section 5.2 Item 3 modified to address situations that may require greater margins above the maximum operating pressure. Section 5.2 Item 7, modified to address test pressure Section 5.3 Item 3, Modified criteria for determination of design min temp Section 5.8, minor modifications to reflect the new ERCB Directive 77 and to clarify that pump stations may be built to CSA Z662. Section 6.0, added new Item 9 to identify requirement for P.Eng certification of final as-built drawings in BC. Section 7.0 Item 2, modified note to reflect new CSA B51 requirements Section 7.1 Item 3, modified language and comment Section 7.2, Modified requirements for Low and High Pressure Tubing Section 7.4 Item 2 modified to reflect new sweet SS line classes. Section 7.4, Modified comments to Table 5 to add hyperlink to technical paper on the subject of A105 forged flanges Sections 7.6 Item 4b and 5a(iii) modified in regards to Pikotek VCS, Firelok, Flowlok and VCFS gaskets Section 7.7, Table 7, revised to replace references to API Trim 5 Modified to API Trim 16 as API 600 has now been updated to include as Trim 16. Section 7.7, modified headings in Table 7 to refer to API 602 & API 600 instead of NPT, SW and flanged. Section 7.7 Items 4 and 12 Minor modifications Section 7.8 Item 2, added discussion of testing for explosive decompression. Section 7.8, updated table 11. Section 8.3 Item 2, added note to reference ABSA bulletin Section 8.3, added new item 3 to clarify that examinations shall be completed after PWHT. Section 8.6 modified to clarify instrument tubing testing requirements Section 8.6.1 Item 5, expanded the range of systems which may receive a 10 min pressure test. Section 8.6.1 Item 7, revised to include examination, to permit testing against closed valves, and to clarify the acceptability of pretesting components and piping assemblies. Standard Forms, Modified Form SF-2 to match new requirements in document Table 3 and 4 modified to identify longitudinally seam welded stainless steel pipe and fitting materials that may be considered when seamless materials are unavailable. Section 7.3 Item 1, clarified language. November 2010. SemCAMS. 10 of 480.

(11) Piping Specification. SSP-60d. Appendices: Revision History: Rev. d. •. Minor Update .................................................................................................................................. • • • • • • • • • •. •. • • • • • • •. •. • • • •. • • • • •. • • •. •. • • •. Revised the minimum design temperature for low temperature materials from -46 C to – 45 C per Code Interpretation 21-01. Changed all references to Duplex Grade S31803 to Duplex Grade S32205 for pipe and from F51 to F60 for forgings (due to higher nitrogen content and better weld properties). Tubing unaffected since not welded. Appendix A, further restricted use of threaded and seal welded construction as ABSA has been pushing back against this option preferring socket welded joints. Section A.2 Item 3 Bullet 3, Slightly modified wording Section A.2 Item 3 and A.3 Item 1 modified wording regarding large masses and vibrating service. Section A.2 Item 11 modified regarding welding of gate and globe valves Section A.4 Item 2, added comments about seal welding to fix leaks. Section A.4 Item 7 modified to reference steam and hot oil service. Section A.4 item 10, clarified exemption on seal welding of threaded instrument valves Section A.5 Item 4, Revised wording and modified requirements relating to MT of fillet welds Section A.2 Item 5 modified to reference new Table RT-26. Appendix B, Extensive review, restructuring and modifications to requirements. Appendix B Table 13, added cast products which were omitted in error Appendix B, Modified Table 14 to match current NACE Appendix B, Table 14 updated in Appendix B to include Alloy 20 Section B.2, Modified Item 4 to match the vessel spec regarding minimum connection size and rating in sour service. Section B.3.1, removed Item 1 and 3(b). Modified new Item 1 Section B.3.1 Item 6, added comment. Section B.3.1 Item 8 modified so Table E-1 form is not mandatory Section B.3.1 Modified Item 10 to clarify that compliance with NACE Region 3 is required. Sections B.4 and B.6, added micro alloy requirements to Items 2(b) Section B.9 Item 1, clarified comments relating to welding on cast valve bodies Section B.10, Added Item 3 to note that welders must be qualified on a fillet weld test to do fillet welding. Numerous changes to Appendix C to clarify with no change in requirements • Added Section C.1 Item 3 • Revised Section C.2 Item 1 • Completed rewrote Section C.4 • Significant rewrite of Section C.6 • Added new comment to Section C.7 Item 2 Section C.2, clarification of new requirements around hose registration. Section D.6 Item 3(c), clarified that the minimum test duration for a CSA Z662 pipeline consisting of FRP material is 8 hrs. Appendix E, updated titles for a number of documents Appendix E, Updated to reflect the new ERCB Directive 77 Appendix E, A number of Modifications to address BC and SK: • Added regulatory references to E.1 Item 3 • Modified E.2.1 regarding Stress Levels • Modified E.3 Item 1 regarding licensing • Modified E.4 Items 1, 2, and 3 regarding use of CSA Materials. Appendix E modified as necessary to comply with the new Sour Service Materials Requirements document issued by the ERCB. Section E.4 item 1, minor changes to language; also to Item 4 and Item 6 of that section. Section E.4.5, corrected to indicate required CE values for pipeline piping. Section E.5.2, Various modifications to clarify requirements for both strength and leak testing. Section E.5.2 Item 2(c), corrected error – 110% MOP not 110% SMYS. Section E.5.2 Item 4, clarified that these test durations apply to steel pipelines. Section F.4 Added requirement to require that Duplex SS material have a minimum nitrogen content of 0.14%.. November 2010. SemCAMS. 11 of 480.

(12) Piping Specification • • • • • • •. SSP-60d. Appendix J, Corrected Table 29 to add mention of vessel height. Section J.3 Item 6 and J.4 Item 6 modified to address the need for larger margins above the maximum operating pressure on reciprocating machinery. Modified J.17 Item 14 regarding thermowells. Appendix L, Modified titles of API 600, B16.5, and B16.11 Appendix L, Changes to incorporate BC and Saskatchewan Appendix L, Added ASTM E140 and API 938-C to the list of referenced standards Appendix L, updated to correct omissions.. November 2010. SemCAMS. 12 of 480.

(13) Piping Specification: General Requirements 1.0. SSP-60d. SCOPE 1.. This specification applies to all above ground piping systems; including but not limited to process piping, relief system piping, and utility system piping. In addition, the specification applies to all On-Plot buried piping systems. This specification does not address buried pipelines. Note: Pipeline piping including S-bend risers, pig traps, and associated equipment which falls within the jurisdiction of the Alberta Energy Resources Conservation Board (ERCB) or the equivalent authority in other provinces, and which is governed by CSA-Z662, shall comply with the additional requirements of Appendix E. Comments: This specification is intended to ensure compliance with the requirements of the Alberta Pressure Equipment Regulations. However, the Alberta Pipeline Regulations (and CSA Z662) impose additional requirements for pipeline piping. Appendix E incorporates these additional requirements. Note: Current Alberta Regulations require that S-bend risers, pig launchers and pig receivers be designated part of the pipeline system. References, Alberta Regulation 49/2006, and Alberta Regulation 91/2005.. 2.. Temporary or rental equipment intended to be in use less than 12 months may be exempted from some of the requirements of this specification with Company approval. Cautionary Note: the following quotation is from ABSA’s “The Pressure News”, Vol. 2, Issue 3, June 1997: “The Safety Codes Act itself requires, in section 5, that an owner (includes lessee) shall ensure that anything he uses, to which the act applies, meets the requirements of the Act …” Comments: The 12 month limitation is arbitrary but selected to be consistent with the Alberta ERCB definition of a temporary facility. Examples of some possible exemptions are as follows: reduced corrosion allowances, expanded use of threaded piping, threaded connections may be used where not otherwise permitted, etc. Where it is intended that equipment shall be in use longer than 12 months (including cases where it will be moved to multiple locations) it shall comply with this specification.. 3.. 2.0. This specification is intended for new piping systems, and piping system modifications. Many of the requirements are based upon evaluation of the costs and benefits and they may not be appropriate when reviewing an existing piping system. However, this specification should be used as a preliminary tool to identify possible concerns in existing piping systems.. DEFINITIONS 1.. Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ): The government authority having regulatory responsibility for review, approval, and oversight of facilities and associated equipment, at the installation location. Within Alberta, for pressure equipment this would be the Alberta Boiler Safety Association (ABSA) and for pipelines the Alberta Energy Resources Conservation Board (ERCB).. 2.. Canadian Registration Number (CRN): A registration number, allotted by a provincial government in Canada that allows a pressure-retaining item to be used in that province.. 3.. Category D Service: A fluid service that is non-flammable, non-toxic, and not damaging to human tissue, that has a design pressure less than 1035 kPa, and that has a design temperature between -29ºC and 186ºC. Per ASME B31.3 Code Interpretation 21-47, it is permissible for the design minimum temperature to be less than -29ºC. Note: a designated term within ASME B31.3.. 4.. Category M Service: A fluid service in which the potential for personnel exposure is judged to be significant and in which a single exposure to a very small quantity of toxic fluid can produce serious irreversible harm to persons on breathing or bodily contact. Note: a designated term within ASME B31.3.. November 2010. SemCAMS. 13 of 480.

(14) Piping Specification: General Requirements. SSP-60d. 5.. Central Canadian Registration Number (CCRN): A registration number, allotted by a nationally recognized organization such as CSA in accordance with procedures accepted by more than one province in Canada, that allows a fitting to be used in such provinces.. 6.. Company: The owner and principal end user; SemCAMS.. 7.. Company Approval: Company approval may be provided by any Company representative technically competent in the area where approval is being provided. The approver shall ensure stake-holder involvement as appropriate and shall ensure that approvals are in compliance with Code and Regulatory requirements, and Company policy.. 8.. Contractor: The party responsible for furnishing and/or installing the piping system.. 9.. Critical Service: Any service where a piping or equipment failure could result in an incident with “critical” or “catastrophic” consequences. Some examples of critical service piping include: LPG piping, H2S piping, and instrument air systems supplying critical instruments and control systems.. 10. Designer: The person or organization in responsible charge of the engineering design. 11. Double Block and Bleed (DB&B) Valve: While many valves are described as double block and bleed by virtue have having double sealing elements that allow isolation from either direction with a bleed in-between (i.e., they meet the definition of double block and bleed used in ISO 14313), these valves generally rely on system pressure to achieve a tight reliable seal and should really be considered as single isolation valves with bidirectional shutoff capability. Such valves do not meet the requirements of the Alberta Occupational Health and Safety Code for process isolation during maintenance. Only double block and bleed valves that meet the requirements described in Section 7.7 Item 14 are acceptable for process isolation during maintenance. 12. Fabricator: The organization responsible for the preparation of piping for assembly, including cutting, threading, grooving, forming, bending, and joining of components into subassemblies. 13. Fully Vented: means open to atmosphere with no isolating device on the vent and with the vent sized and maintained so that the pressure in the pressure equipment does not exceed atmospheric pressure. See The Pressure Equipment Exemption Order (PEEO), A.R. 56/2006. Note: ABSA has advised that it is acceptable to consider a line as fully vented if it is open to atmosphere and the piping system design is such that the pressure can not exceed 103 kPa under any flow condition. 14. High Concentration Sour Service: A service where the H2S partial pressure in the gas phase is greater than 1000 kPa absolute. 15. High Pressure Fluid Service (or Piping): A service with a design pressure that exceeds the nominal pressure rating of an ASME 2500 flange. Note: a designated term within ASME B31.3 although the definition used herein has been modified by the Company. 16. High Pressure Tubing: Tubing with a design pressure greater than or equal to 32,000 kPa. 17. Large Diameter Piping: Piping NPS 2 (DN 50) and larger. 18. Low Pressure Tubing: Tubing with a design pressure less than 32,000 kPa. 19. Low Temperature Service: Any service where the design minimum temperature is between -29ºC and -45ºC. 20. Normal Fluid Service: A typical fluid service; one that does not meet the requirements for Category D, Category M, or High Pressure Service. Note: a designated term within ASME B31.3.. November 2010. SemCAMS. 14 of 480.

(15) Piping Specification: General Requirements. SSP-60d. 21. Off-Plot Piping: Piping outside of a designated facility boundary (e.g., outside the fence). Piping may be governed by CSA Z662 or ASME B31.3. Within Alberta, this piping would typically be under the jurisdiction of either the Pipeline Act or the Oil and Gas Act, 22. On-Plot Piping: Piping within a processing facility boundary (e.g., within the plant fence). Typically, piping governed by ASME B31.3 or ASME B31.1. Within Alberta, this piping would typically be under the jurisdiction of the Safety Codes Act. 23. Piping System(s): Means an assembly of pipes, pipe fittings, valves, safety devices, pumps, compressors and other fixed equipment that contains a gas, vapour or liquid but does not include a boiler or pressure vessel. 24. Root Valve: A header isolation valve which isolates a branch line from a header. 25. Severe Cyclic Service: Conditions applying to specific piping components or joints in which the SE exceeds 0.8SA and the equivalent number of cycles exceeds 7000. Refer to ASME B31.3 or B31.1 for additional information. Note: a designated term within ASME B31.3 and B31.1. 26. Small Diameter Piping: Piping NPS 1 ½ (DN 40) and smaller. 27. Sour Service: All fluid service described as: a. Gas phase where the H2S partial pressure exceeds 0.3 kPa absolute. b. Single phase liquids that are in equilibrium with a gas phase, where the gas phase H2S partial pressure exceeds 0.3 kPa absolute. c. For single phase liquids that are not in equilibrium with a gas phase, determine the liquid's bubble point pressure and gas composition at the operating temperature. The liquid is considered sour, if this bubble point gas phase H2S partial pressure exceeds 0.3 kPa absolute. d. Unless otherwise approved by the Company in writing, the presence of water is not required for a gas and/or liquid to be considered sour. e. There is no minimum pressure to avoid designating a gas or liquid as sour. 3.0. REFERENCES Due to the size of the reference list, this list has been included as Appendix L. Refer to Appendix L for a complete description of referenced documents.. 4.0. REQUIRED CODES AND STANDARDS 1.. Piping design, layout and installation shall satisfy law, statute, and regulation of the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). Compliance with guidance documents published by the AHJ is required.. 2.. All piping systems and component parts shall, in their material, assembly, installation and testing, equal or exceed the minimum requirements specified in the latest editions of the following legislation, regulations, codes, standards, and recommended practices as applicable: • Within Alberta, the Safety Codes Act and all associated Regulations; in particular, the Pressure Equipment Safety Regulation (PESR, Alberta Regulation 49/2006) and the Pressure Equipment Exemption Order (PEEO, Alberta Regulation 56/2006)  ERCB Directive 060, Upstream Petroleum Industry Flaring Guide  Directive 064, Requirements and Procedures for Facilities  ERCB Directive 055, Storage Requirements for the Upstream Petroleum Industry. November 2010. SemCAMS. 15 of 480.

(16) Piping Specification: General Requirements •. • •. SSP-60d. Within British Columbia, the Safety Standards Act and all associated Regulations; in particular, the Power Engineers, Boiler, Pressure Vessel, and Refrigeration Safety Regulation (BC Regulation 104/2004) Within Saskatchewan, the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Act and all associated Regulations; in particular, the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Regulations (SK Regulation B-5.1 Reg 1). Outside of Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan, the Boilers and Pressure Vessels Act and associated Regulations of the respective Province.. • •. CSA B51, Boiler, Pressure Vessel, and Pressure Piping Code CSA B52, Mechanical Refrigeration Code. • • •. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code ASME B31.1, Power Piping ASME B31.3, Process Piping. • •. ASME B31.5, Refrigeration Piping ASME B31.9, Building Services Piping. • • •. ANSI K61.1, Safety Requirements for the Storage and Handling of Anhydrous Ammonia NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code NFPA 59, Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases at Utility Gas Plants. • •. MSS SP-25, Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges and Unions TEMA, Standards of Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association. • • •. NACE MR0175/ISO 15156, Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries – Materials for use in H2S containing Environments in Oil and Gas Production API 520, Sizing, Selection, and Installation of Pressure-Relieving Devices in Refineries API 521, Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems. • •. API Standard 661, Air Cooled Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Service API Standard 2510, Design and Construction of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Installations. •. API Publication 2510A, Fire-Protection Considerations for the Design and Operation of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Storage Facilities. Note: Any addenda to these bodies of rules and any rulings, cases, or interpretations issued by the AHJ shall be deemed as part of this list, unless contrary to the requirements of the AHJ. 3.. All additional regulations, codes, standards, and recommended practices referenced and/or adopted by the foregoing documents shall be deemed as part of this list.. 4.. All conflicts between this specification and the applicable codes, standards and local regulatory requirements shall be resolved by the Company Note: In the event of conflict between this specification and the ASME Code or the local regulatory requirements, the more stringent requirements shall apply.. 5.. Any and all exceptions to this specification shall be submitted to the Company for approval.. 6.. The following regulations, codes, standards, and recommended practices are not a mandatory part of this specification but are listed herein as they provide useful information related to piping system design and installation: •. PIP Practice PNE00001, “Design of ASME B31.3 Metallic Piping Systems”.. November 2010. SemCAMS. 16 of 480.

(17) Piping Specification: General Requirements •. • •. SSP-60d. API RP 14E, “Recommended Practice for Design and Installation of Offshore Production Platform Piping Systems”; and API RP 686, “Recommended Practices for Machinery Installation and Installation Design”. ISO 13703, “Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries – Design and Installation of Piping Systems on Offshore Production Platforms”. NORSOK Standard L-001, “Piping and Valves”; and NORSOK Standard L-002, “Piping Design, Layout and Stress Analysis”.. Note: There are a number of other related practices and standards published by both PIP and NORSOK that, in the interests of brevity, have not been listed. 5.0. DESIGN BASIS. 5.1. General Requirements 1.. Piping systems shall not be designed to include allowance for occasional variations of pressure and/or temperature as provided for in ASME B31.3. Comments: ASME B31.3 allows short term excursions above the normal design pressure. However, the company considers it to be poor practice to design using these allowances. Regardless, the Alberta regulations require protection at the design pressure and so the use of these allowances would likely require the approval ABSA.. 2.. Piping systems shall not be designed to include allowance for reduction of the minimum operating temperature as provided for in ASME B31.3 (when operating at reduced stress levels) unless approved by the Company. Comments: Recent editions of B31.3 have included provision to allow reductions in the design minimum temperature when operating at reduced stress levels. However, the use of these allowances should be reserved for situations where it is impractical to provide inherently acceptable materials.. 5.2. Design Pressure 1.. The design pressure shall be less than or equal to the pressure limit of the applicable Piping Classification Table. Cautionary Note: In some cases, the piping system may require a maximum working pressure less than the maximum rated pressure of the pipe class. For example, in cases where connected to a vessel with a lower MAWP or where other lower rated components are used. In such cases, the piping system should still be designed for the full flange rating although the PSVs need to be set based upon the maximum rated pressure of the limiting component. This lower pressure should be the listed design pressure on the line list.. 2.. Pressure Relief Devices: Pressure relief devices shall be set at, or below, the design pressure. High pressure shutdown valves, check valves, control valves, or other such devices shall not be relied upon to prevent overpressure. Pressure relief devices shall be designed and installed in accordance with API 520 and 521. Note: Where the pressure relief device is intended to provide protection for an associated pressure vessel, the set point shall be at or below the MAWP of the pressure vessel, or the piping system design pressure, whichever is lower.. November 2010. SemCAMS. 17 of 480.

(18) Piping Specification: General Requirements. SSP-60d. Comments: ASME B31.3 (Piping) refers to Design Pressure whereas ASME VIII (Vessels) refers to Maximum Allowable Working Pressure. Operational error shall be considered in determining over-pressure potential. References, Alberta Regulation 49/2006 Section 38, ASME VIII Appendix M, and API RP 14E para 1.6(a).. 3.. Operating Margins: a.. When a high pressure shutdown is provided: •. the high pressure shutdown shall be set at least 10%, or 140 kPa, whichever is greater, below the PSV set point except in the case of pilot operated relief valves in which case a minimum margin of 5% or 70 kPa is acceptable.. •. The maximum operating pressure shall be at least 5%, or 70 kPa, whichever is greater, below the high pressure shutdown set point. Note: some installations may require greater margins between the shutdown and the maximum operating pressure (e.g., discharge of reciprocating machinery, downstream of flow turbulence items); in these cases, the required margin shall be increased as necessary.. Exception: for steam distribution headers feeding injection pipelines, there shall be a margin of at least 15%, or 210 kPa, whichever is greater, between the maximum operating pressure and the high pressure shutdown. b.. When a high pressure shutdown is not provided: •. The maximum operating pressure shall be at least 10%, or 140 kPa, whichever is greater, below the PSV set point except in the case of pilot operated relief valves in which case a minimum margin of 5% or 70 kPa is acceptable. In the event there is no PSV, there shall be a margin of at least 10%, or 140 kPa, whichever is greater, below the design pressure. Note: some installations may require greater margins between the PSV and the maximum operating pressure (e.g., discharge of reciprocating machinery, downstream of flow turbulence items); in these cases, the required margin shall be increased as necessary.. Comments: Conventional PSVs start to weep at 90% of their set pressure; therefore, the design pressure (and PSV set pressure) needs to be at least 10% higher than the operating pressure. Where high pressure shutdowns are in place to prevent over-pressure, additional margin is required between operating pressures and PSV set pressures to allow the shutdown and the PSV time to react. References, Alberta Regulation 49/2006 Section 38, ASME VIII Appendix M, and API RP 14E para 1.6(a).. 4.. Determination of the maximum operating pressure shall include consideration of: a. Starting up operations, including any start-up procedure, operation, or routing b. Shutting down operations, including shutdown procedures, operations, and pumpout. c. Switching operations, including any cyclic regeneration, and spare pump switching. d. Regeneration procedures. e. Equipment bypassing. f. Turndown operations. g. Pump shutoff. h. Control valves in fully open or fully closed position. i. Block valves in fully open or fully closed position, except for locked valves. j. Blocked exits. k. Equipment trip or shutdown. l. Mis-operation or upset conditions. m. Maintenance, repair, or neutralization procedures. n. On-stream testing procedures.. November 2010. SemCAMS. 18 of 480.

(19) Piping Specification: General Requirements o. p. 5.. SSP-60d. Steam-out or purging operations. Other causes of increased pressure due to temperature and/or pressure excursions.. Where the design pressure of a piping system exceeds the nominal rating of an ASME 2500 flange, the piping system shall be classified as a High Pressure Piping System and shall be designed and installed in accordance with all the requirements of ASME B31.3 Chapter IX. Comments: B31.3 Chapter IX imposes significant additional restrictions and requirements on high pressure piping systems. In order to ensure safe reliable operation of such systems, all the requirements of Chapter IX should be implemented; these requirements include more stringent design calculations and procedures, as well as QA/QC requirements.. 6.. Company preference is for the discharge piping of centrifugal pumps and compressors to have a design pressure that is equal to or greater than the maximum possible discharge pressure considering all possible operating scenarios. Where this is impractical, a lower design pressure may be used providing a high pressure shutdown and a PSV are installed.. 7.. Flare and relief piping shall be designed to accommodate the maximum possible back pressure during any design relieving event but in no case shall be designed for less than 345 kPa. However, if the maximum possible back pressure is less than 103 kPa then a design pressure of 103 kPa may be listed on project line lists in which case the piping need not be registered. Note: such piping shall be pressure tested to a minimum of 518 kPa unless otherwise approved by the Company.. 5.3. Design Temperature 1.. The design temperature shall cover the full range of anticipated operating temperatures; operating temperature shall include any temperature that could be encountered during any cycle of operation including regenerating, start-up, blowdown, etc. The effects of ambient and auto-refrigeration temperatures should also be considered.. 2.. The system shall be rated for the design temperatures of the pressure vessels, heat exchangers, boilers, and other equipment with which the piping is associated (e.g., discharge piping from a compressor through to its after-cooler shall be rated to the same maximum temperature as the discharge bottle).. 3.. The design minimum temperature shall be the lesser of the following: a. the minimum temperature anticipated at any point during operation, including autorefrigeration effects during depressurization, b. the minimum temperature that can exist during normal continuous operation less 10ºC, AND, UNLESS PROTECTED AGAINST EXPOSURE TO LOW AMBIENT TEMPERATURES c. d.. for exterior exposed Category D piping (e.g., instrument air or utility water) -29ºC, all other exterior exposed piping -45ºC, or where the ambient temperature may fall below -45ºC, the January 1% Design Temperature specified in Table C-2 of Volume 2 of the National Building Code of Canada.. Note: Determination of the required minimum design metal temperature (MDMT) requires consideration of factors such as: effectiveness of insulation and heat tracing (if available) in maintaining temperatures warmer than -29ºC (considering piping dead legs), and the ability of operations personnel to implement warm up procedures for a cold winter start-up. If warm up procedures are impractical, or if it is not reasonable to assume that normal process temperatures can maintain dead legs at warmer than -29ºC, a design minimum temperature of -45ºC shall be used.. November 2010. SemCAMS. 19 of 480.

(20) Piping Specification: General Requirements. SSP-60d. Comments: Since Category D piping is limited to a maximum pressure of 1035 kPa, and since it will be built to ASME Class 150, it shall be restricted to a maximum stress level of 53%. At this reduced stress level, ASME B31.3 allows a significant reduction in the minimum temperature that the materials can be used to. Consequently, materials rated to -29 can, in accordance with Code, be used to a minimum temperature of -45. Piping in an unheated enclosure may not require a DMT of -45ºC if it is protected from direct exposure and process heat will keep it warmer longer in cold weather; does the enclosure allow it to be heated up for cold start-ups? Operating procedures shall not be used as an alternative to conventional low temperature materials. Exception may be granted for the use of normal temperature materials in atmospheric piping systems (drains, vents) where the stated design pressure is less than 30% of the design pressure which would be permitted by code and where a detailed piping analysis is completed to confirm that the combined longitudinal stresses are less than 6 ksi; but for exceptional circumstances, flare headers should consist of low temperature materials - they may have significant combined longitudinal stresses and consist primarily of straight pipe runs where the cost differential is marginal. Where the design minimum temperature is less than -45ºC, either specialized materials shall be used or the design and the operating procedures shall address code requirements (e.g., heat trace and insulate dead legs, develop procedures to warm up piping prior to start-up and to depressure piping on shutdowns). References, ASME B31.3 Table 323.2.2 & Interpretation 1002, “Practical Guide to ASME B31.3 Process Piping - pp. 122-125” CASTI Publishing, and ABSA’s “The Pressure News” Vol. 6, Issue 2, June 2001.. 4.. Requirements pertaining to auto-refrigeration during depressurization: a.. Depressurization calculations for high pressure gas or liquid LPG systems shall assume autorefrigeration from a condition of the normal operating pressure and temperature to the pressure specified below: • 35% of the design pressure for ASME Div 1 Vessels, • •. 5.. 25% of the design pressure for ASME Div 2 Vessels, and 30% of the design pressure for ASME B31.3 Piping Systems. b.. The use of detailed analytical models that estimate actual metal temperatures resulting from depressurization, rather than calculating process fluid temperatures alone, is acceptable when approved by the Company.. c.. Careful consideration should be given to the possibility that a system may equalize at a low ambient temperature during shut-in prior to manual depressurization (e.g., on a cold winter day). In such cases, auto-refrigeration temperatures may be extreme and it may be appropriate to consider operating procedures to limit the system temperature at which manual depressurization is initiated.. The design maximum temperature shall be the greater of the following: a. the maximum temperature that can occur at any point during operation, or b. for heat traced piping, the maximum temperature of the heat tracing fluid, or c. the maximum temperature that can exist during normal continuous operation plus 15ºC. Comments: It would be overly cautious to add a safety factor to an extreme temperature limit. The design value shall be the extreme value anticipated or the normal value plus a safety factor.. 6.. Determination of the maximum operating temperature shall include consideration of: a. Starting up operations, including any start-up procedure, operation, or routing b. Shutting down operations, including shutdown procedures, operations, and pumpout. c. Switching operations, including any cyclic regeneration, and spare pump switching. d. Regeneration procedures. e. Equipment bypassing. f. Turndown operations. g. Control valves in fully open or fully closed position.. November 2010. SemCAMS. 20 of 480.

(21) Piping Specification: General Requirements h. i. j. k. l. m. 5.4. SSP-60d. Block valves in fully open or fully closed position, except for locked valves. Equipment trip or shutdown. Mis-operation or upset conditions. Maintenance, repair, or neutralization procedures. Steam-out or purging operations. Other causes of increased temperature due to pressure and/or temperature excursions.. Pipe Class Breaks 1.. Consideration shall be given to uprating piping systems in order to eliminate unnecessary specification breaks. Comments: In some cases, it is more economical to uprate a piping system in order to eliminate a specification break and the costs associated with the pressure relief device and flare lines. This provides the additional benefit of an inherently safe design and eliminates future relief device maintenance.. 2.. Block and check valves used between lines, systems, or equipment of different services, shall conform to all the requirements for the higher service; including materials, pressure class, requirements for screwed or flanged construction, fabrication quality assurance and quality control. At all such specification breaks, lower pressure systems shall be protected from higher pressure systems with a pressure relief device; check valves shall not be construed as preventing over pressure. There shall not be any flow obstructions or restrictions between the specification break and the pressure relief device (e.g., only locked or car-sealed open, full port valves are permitted). All pipe class breaks shall be clearly indicated on the piping and flow diagrams. Note: The pressure drop between the specification break and the pressure relief device shall not exceed 3% of the set pressure of the pressure relief device. Comments: Excessive pressure drop in inlet piping to pressure safety valves can result in chattering and subsequent damage to the valve seat. References, ASME B31.3 para 302.2.5, API RP-520 Part 1 - 2.2.2 & Part 2 - 7.2., ABSA “The Pressure News” Vol 8 Issue 2 June 2003, and ASME Section VIII - Appendix M.. 3.. When connecting systems, be aware that although the systems may have components from the same pressure class, they may have design pressures less than that indicated by the pressure class; and, they may in fact have different design pressures. If this is the case, the lower pressure system shall be protected as described above. Comments: This specification requires all piping to be rated for the full flange pressure and as a result this should not be a concern in the future. However, in the past piping was sometimes selected based on a design pressure lower than the flange rating (when full flange rating was not initially required). If that is the case, the lower pressure system must be protected from over pressure even though both systems are of the same ASME class. Always consult the line lists to determine the actual design pressure when completing tie-ins.. 5.5. Pipe Wall Thickness Calculations 1.. The wall thickness of piping shall be in accordance with the applicable pipe class table. However, where piping outside of that specified is required, the wall thickness shall be calculated in accordance with the requirements of ASME B31.3. Calculations shall be completed using the corrosion allowances specified in Table 1 and taking into account applicable thread depth shown in Table 2. Note: Wall thickness calculations for High Pressure Piping Systems shall be in accordance with the requirements of ASME B31.3 Chapter IX and for ASME B31.1 steam piping shall comply with ASME B31.1.. November 2010. SemCAMS. 21 of 480.

(22) Piping Specification: General Requirements. SSP-60d. Comments: If it can be shown that normal corrosion allowances are not required for the service conditions then the corrosion allowance may be lowered with the approval of the Company Chief Inspector. Pipe wall thickness may be calculated in accordance with CSA Z662 requirements when the piping falls within the scope of CSA Z662 and B31.3 required wall thickness’ are impractical (e.g., when in-line inspection equipment may be used, or when B31.3 calculated thickness is higher than that manufactured). References, ASME B31.3 para 304.1.1, and API RP14E sect 2.6.. Table 1: Specified Corrosion Allowance for Pipe 1 Service. Corrosion Allowance mm. Typical Services. 1.5. Sour Service. 3.0. Amine Service. 3.0. Corrosion Resistant Alloys (e.g., Stainless Steel). 0. Notes: 1. The corrosion allowance for threaded pipe shall be no less than 50% of the specified values.. Comments: For normal service the above corrosion allowance is based upon an assumed corrosion rate less than 3 mpy. If the corrosion rate is known to be greater than this, a larger corrosion allowance should be specified. In such cases, the C.A. should be equivalent to the anticipated corrosion rate times 20 years. Sour service C.A.s are typically about 3.0 mm. Where a C.A. greater than 4.5 mm is required, a more corrosion resistant alloy should be chosen. Threaded pipe is based upon reduced C.A.s as it is inexpensive and easily replaced unlike buttweld pipe. The 50% reduction will result in a minimum design life of 10 years. Note: refer to the paper “Method for Calculating Required Corrosion Allowance in Deepwater Pipelines and Risers” by J. Smart, Deepwater Pipeline and Riser Technology Conference Mar ’01, for a detailed description of one approach to determining the required C.A.. Table 2: Specified Thread Allowance for Pipe 1 Pipe Size NPS (DN). Thread Allowance mm. ½ to ¾ (15 to 20). 1.45. 1 to 2 (25 to 50). 1.77. 2 ½ to 20 (65 to 500). 2.54. Notes: 1. Thread allowances are as specified in ASME B31.3 and ASME B1.20.1. Thread allowance shall be added to corrosion allowance when completing wall thickness calculations.. 5.6. Standardization of Materials 1.. Every reasonable effort shall be made to standardize materials used within a facility. For new facilities, a single make and model of product should be selected for all similar services. Two examples are as follows: • in sour facilities all bolting and tubing shall conform to the sour service requirements, or • all ASME 600, NPS 4 (DN 100) ball valves within a facility should be the same make and model.. 2.. Within existing facilities, operations personnel should be consulted so that purchased materials match as closely as possible the existing materials used throughout the facility.. November 2010. SemCAMS. 22 of 480.

(23) Piping Specification: General Requirements. SSP-60d. Comments: The initial capital cost may be lower for dissimilar materials but this incurs higher maintenance and inventory costs. In addition, it is difficult to ensure materials are used correctly when multiple similar products are stored within a facility; example, sweet bolting or tubing may be mistakenly installed in a sour system.. 5.7. Flexibility and Nozzle Load Analysis 5.7.1 1.. Flexibility Analysis Piping systems shall be analyzed for expansion, contraction, differential settlement, relief valve reactions, water hammer, and effects due to weight, wind, seismic, and other mechanical loading per ASME B31.3. Note: Steam piping, Class 600 and above, within the plant boundary shall also be analysed for steam condensate induced water hammer.. 2.. Where formal or comprehensive pipe flexibility analysis is completed, it shall consider the most severe coincident temperature and pressure condition, which would normally be the design maximum temperature and design pressure condition; however, other cases which may be more severe should also be considered. Comments: Where the use of design temperature and pressure is overly conservative (e.g., the design maximum temperature is based on a material limit rather than an actual process condition) or where this requirement will result in unreasonable piping modifications, the use of the maximum operating temperature and pressure (inclusive of appropriate safety margins) could be considered. Exceptions should be granted on a case by case basis.. 3.. The flexibility analysis shall include cold branch cases dealing with parallel lines where at least one line (not always the same one) may be cold at any time. An example is three parallel pumps where one pump (not always the same one) is normally shut down.. 4.. In addition to other cases analysed, fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) piping systems shall be analysed in the hydrotest condition to ensure that the hydrotest will not result in unacceptable stresses.. 5.. In addition to the Code required analyses with sustained and expansion loads, pipe stress in the operating condition shall also be checked. Stresses due to axial and torsional loads shall be included.. 6.. Cold spring shall not be used to reduce piping stress. The use of cold spring to reduce nozzle loads for compliance purposes requires Company approval.. 7.. A comprehensive piping flexibility analysis shall be completed for the following: • All lines connected to load / stress sensitive equipment, •. Suction and discharge lines to reciprocating pumps or compressors,. •. All lines with design temperatures greater than 230°C, or lines NPS 6 (DN 150) and larger with a design temperature greater than 90°C, NPS 3 (DN 80) and larger lines with a design minimum temperatures less than -45°C,. • • • • •. November 2010. NPS 16 (DN 400) and larger lines, NPS 3 (DN 80) and larger lines connected to other rotating equipment (e.g., centrifugal pumps and compressors), NPS 4 (DN 100) and larger lines connected to air cooled heat exchangers All process, regeneration, and decoking lines to and from steam generators and fired heaters,. SemCAMS. 23 of 480.

(24) Piping Specification: General Requirements • •. All working fluid lines to and from turbines, All piping requiring propriety expansion devices,. • •. All jacketed piping, Severe Cyclic and Category M piping,. • •. High Pressure Piping Systems, and Non metallic piping (e.g., FRP piping).. SSP-60d. Note: BC requires that expansion, flexibility and support calculations be provided with all piping design registration applications. Since all pressure piping NPS 3 (DN 80) and larger must be registered in BC, this would imply that flexibility analysis is required on all lines NPS 4 (DN 100) and greater. 8.. Comprehensive pipe flexibility analysis shall be performed using Company approved software such as Caesar II™.. 9.. Where the design minimum temperature is below the installed temperature, or the design maximum temperature is above the installed temperature, the stress model will be created using the correct installation temperature. Operating cases shall be analysed at Tmin and Tmax and the difference between these cases will be the expansion stress case.. 10. Where permitted by the stress analysis software in use, the Yield Stress Criteria shall be “Von Mises” instead of “3D Max Shear”. In addition, analysis shall include consideration of both axial and torsional stresses. Comments: The criteria developed and published in Codes are very reasonable approximations put into place before the development and widespread use of computer software such as Caesar II. As a result, these criteria were simplified in recognition of the inherent difficulty of analysis. With the advent of modern computer software, there is no reason that a full “technically correct” analysis should not be completed.. 11. The use of the “Liberal Stress Allowable” formula is not normally permitted. Where possible, the piping system should be modified to achieve compliance without relaxing this requirement. Comments: At least for initial attempts, the analysis should be forced to use the "conservative stress allowable" formula. If a system can not be reasonably modified to meet this requirement then consideration can be given to using the more liberal formula to try and get the system to pass.. 12. Relief Systems: Consideration shall be given to the need to complete comprehensive flexibility analysis on relief systems, whether closed or open to the atmosphere to evaluate the following: a. Relief valve discharge loads caused by rapid opening and pressure drop across the valve. b. Piping stresses resulting from thermal expansion or contraction during hot or cold relief. c. Where the possibility may exist, dynamic loads from worst case flow conditions including acceleration of liquid masses by expanding gases (water hammer). A dynamic load factor of two shall be used for pipe support and restraint design for such thrust loads. 13. Stress Intensification Factors: a.. In the absence of specific requirements or guidelines in ASME B31.3, SIFs used when completing analysis of the Sustained Load case shall be 75% of the values used in the analysis of the expansion load case. Comments: Historically, ASME B31.3 has not provided any guidance with regards to the SIFs to be used in analysis of the Sustained Load case. In the absence of guidance, it is the responsibility of the designer to determine appropriate values. As ASME B31.1 specifies that these SIFs shall be 75% of. November 2010. SemCAMS. 24 of 480.

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