Steel Book

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Introduction:>

Fletcher Easysteel Page 2

Fletcher Easysteel is a division of Fletcher Building Limited. The company prides itself on its

position as a leading steel distributor in New Zealand providing a comprehensive range of

products and services to meet the needs of this market.

The Special Steel Book is a directory of products and services available from Fletcher Easysteel and is

provided as a guide to assist customers when determining their requirements.

It is by no means an exhaustive list of the company’s service portfolio. For in this dynamic environment,

operating within a more prevalent global economy, the range of products and services that Fletcher

Easysteel offers is ever changing.

The Special Steel Book is an indication of the company’s commitment to informing customers of what is

available from your steel supplier. Supplementary product catalogues are;

• Structural Steel Properties and Design Charts Catalogue

• Pipe and Pipe Fittings Catalogue

• The Steel Book

Every care has been taken by staff in producing this catalogue. Fletcher Easysteel has endeavoured to

ensure accuracy of the information contained herein, however Fletcher Easysteel cannot and does not

accept responsibility for any loss or damage sustained by any party through use of this information.

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Introduction:>

Quality

Fletcher Easysteel continues to maintain a strong commitment to the principles which have become total quality management. This results in minimum waste, improved efficiencies and a service promise which meets customer requirements. Fletcher Easysteel has a philosophy of continuous improvement in all areas of its business.

Technical Advice

Fletcher Easysteel provides technical expertise on all products and services it markets. Specialist advice is available on product properties, product selection and specific end use application. Any advice given should subsequently be authorised by a qualified engineer.

Information Systems

Fletcher Easysteel operates an ERP system across its business. This includes handling front-line customer enquiries and orders, to back-office automatic stock replenishment in line with customer forecasts.

Supporting this is a forecasting system which captures historic sales information, combining it with future market intelligence to provide the best possible forecast. This enables us to have the right product on hand at the right time to meet customer requirements and to ensure excellent service for our customers.

Fletcher Easysteel is continually researching the new opportunities information technology offers in making business easier with customers and suppliers alike.

Suppliers

Fletcher Easysteel has a centrally based supply chain which leverages its strong relationship with suppliers to provide highly competitive offers to its customers. These offers are sourced globally from quality steel mills and suppliers which enables its customers to compete in both domestic and export markets.

Health & Safety

At Fletcher Easysteel, our safety goal is zero harm. Health and Safety is our highest priority, not only for all employees, but also for our customers, suppliers, contractors and visitors. We take a pro-active approach in regards to Health & Safety and Environment, and we are continually developing and implementing systems to ensure our workplace is a safe one. At Fletcher Easysteel, everyone is responsible for ensuring that we are working in a safe manner -

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Contents:>

Introduction 2

Brand Equivalents Chart 6

Mild Steel 8

Mild Steel Engineering Rounds 9

Bright Commercial Quality Bar AISI 1018/1020 10

Bright Commercial Quality Flats AISI 1018/1020 11

Bright Free Cutting 12

Bright Fee Cutting Bar AISI 1214/1215 13

Bright Leaded Bar AISI 12L14/12L15 14

Engineering Steels 15

Medium Tensile Steel 1040/45 16

High Tensile Steel AISI 4140 18

High Tensile Steel AISI 4340 20

High Tensile Steel AISI P20 22

High Tensile Steel (2767) 23

Carburising Steel En36A, EN39B 24

Phosphor Bronze LG2 26

Grades and stocked size summery 27

Forms of Supply and Machining Allowances 28

Cast Iron & Hollow Bar 29

Cast Iron 4E 30

Cast iron 3D 31

Hollow Bar 32

Hydraulic Steels 34

Hard Chrome Bar 35

Hydraulic Cylinder Tube 36

Cold Work Tool Steels 37

D2 (2379) 40

A2 (2363) 42

Hot Work Steels 45

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Contents:>

Plastic Mould Steels 48

Aluminium Tooling Plate 53

P20 (2311) 54 2767 56 Gauge Plate 59 Gauge Plate 60 Key Steel 62 Silver Steel 63 Plate 64

Boiler Quality Plate 65

Wear Resistant Plate Grade 66

High Strength Plate 67

Structural Steel Plate Comparisons 68

Boiler Quality Plate Comparisons 69

Welding Products 71

General Purpose Electrodes 72

Consumables 75

Cutting and Grinding Discs 76

Service Centres, Metal Processing 81

Service Centres 82

Plate Processing 83

Metal Processing 84

Appendix 85

Size Tolerances to ASTM A29 86

Straightness Tolerances to ASTM A29 89

ISO Tolerances 90

Machining Allowances 91

Useful Tables Weights - Kg/Metre 92

Approx. Comparison of Tensile Strength 93

Approx. Equivalent of Hardness and Tensile 94

Conversion Calculations 95

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Brand Equivalents Chart:>

Tool & Alloy Steels

EasySteel

Shortname AISI BS 970 En BS 970 New Japan JIS-G Thyssen Atlas RochlingBalfour Hitachi VEW Bohler Assab Comsteel Werkstoff Kurz-Name

Mild Steel BCQ 1018/1020 BFC 1214/1215 BLB 12L14/12L15 1018/1020 1214/1215 12L14/12L15 EN3B EN1A EN1A Pb 070M20 230M07 230M07Pb 4051-S20C 4804-Sum23/25 4804-Sum23L 1.0402 1.0715 1.0718 c22 9 SMn 28 9 SMn 28 Pb Medium /High Tensile MT x 1040/45 HT x 4140 HT x 4340 HT x En25 MHTF x 2767 1040/45 4140 4340 En8 En19 En24 En25 En30B 080M40 708M40 817M40 823M30 835M30 4051-S40C 4105-SCM440 4103-SNCM439 4103-SNCM628 7225 6580 Thyrodur 2767 CM SPS Ultimo 200/4 AHT28 1040/45 SD19 SD50/Monix15 SD12/RABW V320 V155 V110 V945 VCL140 VCN150 Plasmould 05 R16 R4 R2 1.1186 1.7225 1.6565 1.6743 1.6747 CK40 42 CrMo4 40 CrNiMo6 32 NiCrMo10 4 30 NiCrMo16 6 Case

Hardening CASE x En36ACASE x En39B 3310 En36AEn39B 665M13835M15 4102-SNC8154103-SNCM815 Thyroplast 27646587 SuperImpacto SD51 E200E204 ES SpecialPPA Q5R10 1.6723 15 NiCrMo16 5

Cold Work D2 A2 01 MLDH/MHTF x 2767 D2 A2 01 En31 En30B BS4659 BD2 BA2 BO1 835M30 4404-SKD11 4404-SKD12 4404-SKS3 4103-SNCM628 Thyrodur 2379 Thyrodur 2363 Thyrodur 2510 Thyrodur 2767 FNS Cromoly Keewatin AHT28 SC25/RCC Supra RSD13/RKCM TOH/RUS3 SD12/RABW SLD SCD SGT K105 K305 K460 K600 Special KNL Special K5 Amutut S NWM XW-41 XW-10 DF2 Aidi-150 Ketos M5 R2 1.35051.6747 155 CrVMo 12 1 100 CrMoV 5 1 1 100MnCrW 4 100 Cr 6 30 NiCrMo 16 6 Plastic Mould MLDF x PDS5MOLD/MLDF x 2311 MOLD/MLDF 2738 MLDF x 2312 PQ x 2083 MLDH/MHTF x 2767 P20 P20+Ni P20+S 420 En30B 420S45835M30 SUS42 J14103-SNCM628 Thyroplast 2311 Thyroplast 2738 Thyroplast 2312 Thyroplast 2083 Thyrodur 2767 Ultimo 200 420PQ AHT28 PMS/Moulrex A SD12/RABW MPM2 M210 M310 V110 Starmould WKW4 Plasmould 718 Holdax Stavax CSM2 420MFQ R2 1.6747 40 CrMnMo 7 40 CrMnNiMo 8 6 4 40 CrMnMoS 8 6 42 Cr 13 30 NiCrMo 16 6 Hot Work HOT HOTF H13 BS4659

BH13 4404-SKD61 Thyrotherm 2344 Crovan ADIC/RD2V DAC W302 US Ultra 2 8407 Nu-Die V 40 CrMoV 5 1 40 CrMoV 5 1

Shock

Resisting S1 S1 BS4659BS1 4404-SKS41 Thyrotherm 2550 Falcon 6 SCX15/00/RTWK YSR K450 My Extra M4 60 WCrv 7

60 WCrv 7

High

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Brand Equivalents Chart:>

EasySteel

Shortname AISI BS 970 En BS 970 New Japan JIS-G Thyssen Atlas RochlingBalfour Hitachi VEW Bohler Assab Comsteel Werkstoff Kurz-Name

Mild Steel BCQ 1018/1020 BFC 1214/1215 BLB 12L14/12L15 1018/1020 1214/1215 12L14/12L15 EN3B EN1A EN1A Pb 070M20 230M07 230M07Pb 4051-S20C 4804-Sum23/25 4804-Sum23L 1.0402 1.0715 1.0718 c22 9 SMn 28 9 SMn 28 Pb Medium /High Tensile MT x 1040/45 HT x 4140 HT x 4340 HT x En25 MHTF x 2767 1040/45 4140 4340 En8 En19 En24 En25 En30B 080M40 708M40 817M40 823M30 835M30 4051-S40C 4105-SCM440 4103-SNCM439 4103-SNCM628 7225 6580 Thyrodur 2767 CM SPS Ultimo 200/4 AHT28 1040/45 SD19 SD50/Monix15 SD12/RABW V320 V155 V110 V945 VCL140 VCN150 Plasmould 05 R16 R4 R2 1.1186 1.7225 1.6565 1.6743 1.6747 CK40 42 CrMo4 40 CrNiMo6 32 NiCrMo10 4 30 NiCrMo16 6 Case

Hardening CASE x En36ACASE x En39B 3310 En36AEn39B 665M13835M15 4102-SNC8154103-SNCM815 Thyroplast 27646587 SuperImpacto SD51 E200E204 ES SpecialPPA Q5R10 1.6723 15 NiCrMo16 5

Cold Work D2 A2 01 MLDH/MHTF x 2767 D2 A2 01 En31 En30B BS4659 BD2 BA2 BO1 835M30 4404-SKD11 4404-SKD12 4404-SKS3 4103-SNCM628 Thyrodur 2379 Thyrodur 2363 Thyrodur 2510 Thyrodur 2767 FNS Cromoly Keewatin AHT28 SC25/RCC Supra RSD13/RKCM TOH/RUS3 SD12/RABW SLD SCD SGT K105 K305 K460 K600 Special KNL Special K5 Amutut S NWM XW-41 XW-10 DF2 Aidi-150 Ketos M5 R2 1.35051.6747 155 CrVMo 12 1 100 CrMoV 5 1 1 100MnCrW 4 100 Cr 6 30 NiCrMo 16 6 Plastic Mould MLDF x PDS5MOLD/MLDF x 2311 MOLD/MLDF 2738 MLDF x 2312 PQ x 2083 MLDH/MHTF x 2767 P20 P20+Ni P20+S 420 En30B 420S45835M30 SUS42 J14103-SNCM628 Thyroplast 2311 Thyroplast 2738 Thyroplast 2312 Thyroplast 2083 Thyrodur 2767 Ultimo 200 420PQ AHT28 PMS/Moulrex A SD12/RABW MPM2 M210 M310 V110 Starmould WKW4 Plasmould 718 Holdax Stavax CSM2 420MFQ R2 1.6747 40 CrMnMo 7 40 CrMnNiMo 8 6 4 40 CrMnMoS 8 6 42 Cr 13 30 NiCrMo 16 6 Hot Work HOT HOTF H13 BS4659

BH13 4404-SKD61 Thyrotherm 2344 Crovan ADIC/RD2V DAC W302 US Ultra 2 8407 Nu-Die V 40 CrMoV 5 1 40 CrMoV 5 1

Shock

Resisting S1 S1 BS4659BS1 4404-SKS41 Thyrotherm 2550 Falcon 6 SCX15/00/RTWK YSR K450 My Extra M4 60 WCrv 7

60 WCrv 7

High

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Mild Steels:>

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Mild Steels:>

Mild Steel

Engineering Rounds

Product Shortname:

PB30, PB50, ER

Specifications:

NZ/Australia AS 3679-300 AS/NZS 4671-300 AS/NZS 4671-500 UK BS 4360-43A Japan/Korea JIS G3101-SS400 JIS G4051-S20 JIS G4051-S25C

Size Designations:

Mass per Metre = (DiameterD(mm))2_{x 0.006165} _{= kg/m} By diameter Metres per Tonne = 1000 = metres

kg/m

Size Range Available:

Size

(mm) Metre (kg/mMass per ) (mm)Size Metre (kg/m)Mass per (mm)Size Metre (kg/m)Mass per

24 3.551 65 26.050 150 138.700

25 3.853 70 30.210 160 157.800

28 4.834 75 34.680 200 246.600

32 6.313 80 39.460

Available on indent

Standard stock length is 6 metres.

Engineering rounds can be cut to length on request. Straightness Tolerance

The standards have a straightness tolerance of 3mm per metre. A large range is stocked in grade 1045

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Mild Steels:>

Bright Commercial Quality Rounds

Product Shortname:

BCQI, BCQM

Specifications:

AISI 1018/1020

BS970 070M20 EN 3B JIS G 4051 S20C

Tolerances:

H10

Typical UTS Yield:

UTS = 490 Yield= 370

Typical Analysis:

C Mn S & P 0.15/0.23% 0.3/0.9% 0.05% max.

Colour Code:

Green

Characteristics:

In comparison to normal hot rolled bars, a cold finished product gives tighter sectional tolerances, improved straightness, and a clean scale free surface. Advantages to the user being that material can be brought closer to the finished machine size and thus reduce machining costs. It minimises costly straightening operations and is more easily machined. Another benefit derived from the cold rolling/drawing operation is a marked increase in physical strength over a hot rolled bar of the same section.

Applications:

Easily fabricated and welded. Used for all engineering parts, machine building and furniture. Suitable for coated applications.

Size Range:

Rounds - Imperial (inches)

3_/₁₆ 1_/₄ 5_/₁₆ 3_/₈ 7_/₁₆ 1_/₂ 9_/₁₆ 5_/₈ 3_/₄ 7_/₈ 1 11_/₈ ₁1_/₄ ₁3_/₈ ₁1_/₂ ₁3_/₄ ₂ ₂1_/₄ ₂1_/₂ ₃ 3 1_/₂ ₄ ₅ ₆ Rounds - Metric (mm) 6 8 10 12 16 20 24 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150

In rounds, under 1/2” dia (except 10 & 12mm) available in 3.5 metre lengths. All others available in 5.75 metre lengths or customer specific lengths. Fletcher Easysteel offers a cut to length service operation.

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Mild Steels:>

Bright Commercial Quality Flats

Product Shortname:

BFI, BFM

Specifications:

AISI 1018/1020

BS970 070M20 EN 3B JIS G 4051 S20C

Tolerances:

To ASTM A29-03 (A108-99)

Straightness 1:600 over total bar length

Typical UTS Yield:

Typical Analysis:

C Mn S & P 0.15/0.23% 0.3/0.9% 0.05% max.

Colour Code:

Green

Characteristics:

In comparison to normal hot rolled bars, this cold finished product gives tighter sectional tolerances, improved straightness, and a clean scale free surface. Advantages to the user being that the material can be brought closer to the finished machine size and thus reduce machining costs. It minimises costly straightening operations and is more easily machined. Another benefit derived from the cold rolling/drawing operation is a marked increase in physical strength over a hot rolled bar of the same section.

Applications:

Easily fabricated and welded. Used for all engineering parts, machine building and furniture. Suitable for coated applications.

Size Range:

Flats - Imperial (inches)

1_/₂_x1_/₈ 3_/₄_x3_/₈ _{1 x}1_/₂ ₁1_/₄_x3_/₁₆ ₁1_/₄_x1_/₄ ₁1_/₂_x5_/₁₆ ₁1_/₂_x1_/₂ 1 3_/₄_x5_/₈ _{2 x}1_/₂ _{2 x}3_/₄ _{2 x 1} _{3 x 2} _{8 x 1}

Squares - Imperial (inches)

1_/₂ 3_/₄ ₁ ₁1_/₈ ₁1_/₄ ₁1_/₂ ₂ ₂1_/₂ ₃ Flats - Metric (mm) 12 x 6 16 x 3 16 x 5 20 x 3 20 x 5 20 x 6 20 x 7 20 x 10 25 x 3 25 x 5 25 x 6 25 x 10 30 x 10 32 x 5 32 x 6 40 x 5 40 x 7 40 x 10 40 x 25 40 x 30 50 x 3 50 x 5 50 x 10 50 x 12 50 x 16 50 x 20 50 x 25 60 x 10 75 x 6 75 x 7 75 x 10 75 x 12 75 x 20 75 x 25 100 x 10 100 x 12 100 x 25 130 x 20 150 x 12 150 x 20 150 x 25 200 x 20 Squares - Metric (mm) 10 25 40

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Bright Free Cutting:

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Bright Free Cutting:>

Bright Free Cutting Bar

Product Shortname:

BFCI, BFCM, BFCF, BFCH (Flat/Sq)

Specifications:

AISI 1214/1215

BS 970 230MO7

Tolerances:

Supplied Cold Drawn to H10

Typical Analysis:

C Mn P S

AISI 1214 0.15% max. 0.8/1.2% 0.04/0.09% 0.25/0.35%

AISI 1215 0.09% max. 0.75/1.05% 0.04/0.09% 0.26/0.35%

Typical UTS Yield:

Colour Code:

Orange - Metric

Red - Imperial

Characteristics:

Bright free cutting bar is available in round, square and hexagonal sections and gives the same benefits as bright commercial quality in terms of good sectional tolerance, straightness and increased physical properties. The major benefit is from the combination of manganese and sulphur in the steel. These elements form manganese sulphide inclusions which effectively act as ‘chip breakers’ during machining and allow this grade to be machined at much higher speeds with no adverse effect on tool life. Can be welded using specialised procedures and electrodes.

Applications:

Manufacturing applications where extensive machining is involved, i.e., nuts, bolts, studs, etc. or any other application involving high speed automatic machining operations.

Size Range:

Rounds - Imperial (inches)

1_/₄ 3_/₈ 1_/₂ 5_/₈ 3_/₄ 7_/₈ ₁ ₁1_/₈

1 1_/₄ ₁1_/₂ ₂ ₂1_/₄ ₂1_/₂ ₃ ₃1_/₂ ₄

Rounds - Metric (mm)

6 8 10 12 16 20 25 30 35

40 45 50 60 65 80 90 100

Flats, squares and round’s also available on an indent basis. *Leaded (12L14) bars also available on an indent basis.

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Mild Steels:>

Bright Leaded Bar

Product Shortname:

BLBI, BLBM, BLBH (Flat/Sq)

Specifications:

AISI 12L14/12L15 BS 970 230MO7Pb

Tolerances:

H11 (hex)

Typical Analysis:

C Mn P S Si Pb 0.15% max. 0.8/1.2% 0.04/0.09% 0.25/0.35% 0.10%max 0.15/0.35%

Typical UTS Yield:

Colour Code:

Brown - Metric

Blue - Imperial

Characteristics:

A premium grade of free cutting bar, similar to 1214/1215, with the addition of lead, it is widely used in repetitive manufacturing. The added lead enables excellent machinability but also makes it more difficult to weld.

Applications:

Brake components, gear box components, hydraulic fittings.

Size Range:

Hex - Imperial (inches)

5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4

7_/₈ ₁ ₁1_/₈ ₁1_/₄ ₁3_/₈ ₁1_/₂

Hex - Metric (mm)

16 17 38

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Engineering Steels:>

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Medium Tensile Steel:>

Medium Tensile Steel 1040/45

Product Shortname:

MTI, MTM

Specifications:

JIS G4051 S40C

JIS G4051 S45C BS EN8

Tolerances:

CD Bar: H10

Typical Analysis:

C Mn Si S&P

0.40% 0.6/0.9% 0.35% max. 0.050 max.

Mechanical Properties:

UTS approx 600MPa Yield approx 450MPa

Colour Code:

Yellow

Characteristics:

AISI 1040/45 is a medium carbon medium tensile steel with improved strength over mild steel. Supplied in black or cold drawn condition it is easily machineable and is generally used in the as supplied condition. It can be readily flame or induction hardened to approximately 58 Rockwell ‘C’.

Applications:

All general engineering applications requiring a higher strength than mild steel such as shafts, axles, bolts, etc.

Size Range:

Rounds (cold drawn)

Imperial (inches) 5_/₁₆ 3_/₈ 7_/₁₆ 1_/₂ 9_/₁₆ 5_/₈ 3_/₄ 7_/₈ ₁ 1 1_/₄ ₁3_/₈ ₁1_/₂ 1 3_/₄ ₂ ₂1_/₄ 2 1_/₂ ₃ ₃1_/₂ 4

Before ordering black material, note comments on machining allowances (Refer to page 28). Rounds (cold drawn)

Metric (mm) 10 12 16 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 90 100 110 115 120 130 Rounds (Black) Metric (mm) 40 45 50 60 65 70 75 80 90 100 105 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 280 290 300 310 320 340 370 400 420

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Medium Tensile Steel:>

Rounds (Black) Metric (mm) 40 45 50 60 65 70 75 80 90 100 105 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 280 290 300 310 320 340 370 400 420

Medium Tensile Steel AISI 1040/45

Heat Treatment Procedures:

AISI 1040 is available in either cold drawn or hot rolled condition. The cold finishing process of ‘drawing’ does slightly improve the mechanical properties over those of a hot rolled bar. However, thermal treatments must be employed if higher mechanical properties are required. AISI 1040 is suitable for surface hardening by flame or induction methods. Hardness and tensile strength may also be further increased by conventional quenching and tempering though the results are somewhat sensitive to the materials section size (see tempering diagrams).

Thermal Temperature Process: Range: Annealing 830-860O_C Normalising 830-860O_C Hardening 830-860O_C Tempering 200-650O_C Flame/Induction 870-900O_C Remarks:

Cool slowly in furnace at not more than 65O_C/hr. Air cool.

Holding time in furnace should be 10mins/cm of ruling section followed by oil or water quenching.

Temperature depends on required hardness (see tempering diagrams). Tempering should be carried out ‘immediately’ after quenching. The tempering time being at least 1 hour per 25mm of section.

Heating should be rapid in order to localise the heating effect to the surface of the bar.

Quench immediately into oil or water.

Temper immediately at 150-200O_{C for maximum surface hardness.} Surface hardness obtainable 56-60 HRC.

Tempering Diagram:

TS1 N/mm2 103 1600 90 1400 78 1200 65 1000 52 800 80 39 600 660 26 400 40 13 200 20 0 0 0

Test specimen 14mm O quenched in oil from 860O_C 160 140 120 100 500 50 80 400 40 60 300 30 40 200 20 20 100 10 0 0 0 kp/mm 2 Hardness, Brinell % TS1 N/mm2 103 1600 90 1400 78 1200 65 1000 52 800 80 39 600 660 26 400 40 13 200 20 0 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Tempering Temperature in O_C

Test specimen 50mm O quenched in oil from 860O_C 160 140 120 100 500 50 80 400 40 60 300 30 40 200 20 20 100 10 0 0 0 kp/mm 2 Hardness, Brinell %

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High Tensile Steel:>

High Tensile Steel AISI 4140

Product Shortname:

HTI, HTM, HTHX, HTGI, HTGM

Rounds Supplied Black, Cold Drawn or Ground

Specifications:

AISI 4140

JIS G 4105 SCM440 EN19

42CrMo 4

Tolerances:

CD Bar: H10 CG Bar: All sizes to H8

Typical Analysis:

C Mn Cr Mo

0.40% 0.8% 0.95% 0.25%

Mechanical Properties:

UTS approx 850 - 1000MPa Yield approx 700 - 900MPa

Colour Code:

White

Characteristics:

AISI 4140 quality is supplied in the heat treated condition with an ultimate tensile strength in the range 850-1000MPa, although with further heat treatment tensile strengths of 1150MPa can be obtained on sections up to 100mm (4”). In the “as supplied”, heat treated condition this grade is used for a wide range of shafting and high tensile applications, it possesses excellent toughness and is readily machineable. 4140 grade can also be nitrided to approximately 60 Rockwell ‘C’ surface hardness or alternatively flame or induction hardened to approximately 58HRC surface hardness.

Applications:

Medium to heavy duty shafts, gears, axles, rods, spindles, crow bars, nuts, etc.

Size Range:

Rounds (cold drawn) Metric (mm)

10 12 16 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

60 65 70 75 80 90 100

Rounds (black) Metric (mm)

20 24 30 40 45 50 60 65 70 75 80 90 100 105 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 240 250 260 270 280 300 320 340 360 400 420 Ground Metric (mm) 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 90 100

See over page for Hexagon and imperial sizes and ranges.

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High Tensile Steel:>

High Tensile Steel AISI 4140

Hexagon (cold drawn & HT) Imperial (inches)

5_/₈_AF 3_/₄_AF 7_/₈_AF _{1 AF} ₁1_/₈_AF ₁1_/₄_AF ₁1_/₂_AF ₁3_/₄_AF _{2 AF} Rounds (cold drawn) Imperial (inches)

3_/₈ 1_/₂ 5_/₈ 3_/₄ 7_/₈ ₁ ₁1_/₈ ₁1_/₄ ₁1_/₂

1 3_/₄ ₂ ₂1_/₄ ₂1_/₂ ₃ ₄ Ground Imperial (inches)

5_/₈ ₁ ₁1_/₈ ₁1_/₄ ₁3_/₈ ₁1_/₂ ₁3_/₄ ₂ ₂1_/₄

2 1_/₂ ₃ ₃1_/₂ ₄

Heat Treatment Procedures:

Although AISI 4140 is supplied in the already heat treated condition at a tensile strength of 850-1000MPa, there will inevitably be certain applications where a higher strength is required or where a higher surface hardness is needed to withstand abrasion. The following recommendations are intended as a guide to further thermal treatments. Note: Before any further ‘through hardening’ treatments are carried out the material should first be annealed.

Thermal Temperature Process: Range: Annealing 850-880O_C Normalising 850-880O_C Hardening 850-880O_C Tempering 200-650O_C Flame/Induction 870-900O_C Hardening Remarks:

Holding time in furnace should be 10mins/cm of ruling section followed by oil or water quenching.

Temperature depends on required hardness (see tempering diagrams). Tempering should be carried out immediately after quenching. The tempering time being at least 1 hour per 25mm of section.

Heating should be rapid in order to localise the heating effect to the surface of the bar. Quench immediately into oil or water. Temper immediately at 150-200O_C for maximum surface hardness obtainable 54-60 HRC.

130 2000 115 1800 103 1600 90 1400 78 1200 65 1000 52 800 80 39 600 60 26 400 40 13 200 20 0 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Tempering Temperature in O_C 200 180 160 140 120 100 100 80 80 60 60 40 40 20 20 0 0 kp/mm 2 % 130 2000 115 1800 103 1600 90 1400 78 1200 65 1000 52 800 80 39 600 60 26 400 40 13 200 20 0 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Tempering Temperature in O_C 200 180 160 140 120 100 100 80 80 60 60 40 40 20 20 0 0 kp/mm 2 %

Tempering Diagram: Tempering Diagram:

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High Tensile Steel:>

High Tensile Steel AISI 4340

Product Shortname:

HTI, HTM, HTGI, HTGM

Rounds Supplied Black and Centreless Ground

Specifications:

AISI 4340

JIS G 4103 SNCM439 EN24

40CrNiMo6

Tolerances:

CG Bar: All sizes to H8

Typical Analysis:

C Mn Ni Cr Mo

0.4% 0.7% 1.85% 0.8% 0.25%

Mechanical Properties:

UTS approx 950 - 1100MPa Yield approx 680 - 750MPa

Colour Code:

Black

Characteristics:

AISI 4340 is supplied in the heat treated condition with a tensile strength in the range 950-1100MPa. This grade has a high hardenability enabling it to be used for high tensile applications in large sections. AISI 4340 can be flame or induction hardened to produce a surface hardness of approximately 58 HRC.

Applications:

High strength machine parts, collets, spindles, high tensile bolts and studs, gears, pinions, axle shafts, tappets, crankshafts, connecting rods, arbors, etc. Centreless Ground can be used where tight tolerances, e.g. bearing fits, are required whilst at the same time having the high tensile strength.

Size Range:

Rounds (black) Metric (mm)

25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

75 80 90 100 105 110 120 130 140 150

160 180 200 210 220 250 280 300 320 340

380 400 420

Rounds (centreless ground) Metric (mm)

20 25 30 35 40 45 50

60 65 70 75 80 90 100

Before ordering black material please note comments on machining allowances. (Refer page 28.) Rounds (centreless ground) Imperial (inches)

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High Tensile Steel:>

High Tensile Steel AISI 4340

Heat Treatment Procedures:

As with AISI 4140, AISI 4340 is also supplied in the heat treated condition but to the higher strength level of 950-1100MPa. If higher tensile strengths are required, or if a higher level of surface hardness is desirable, this can be achieved by the thermal treatments outlined below. Note: Before any further ‘through hardening’ treatments are carried out, the material should first be annealed.

Thermal Temperature Process: Range: Annealing 820-860O_C Normalising 820-860O_C Hardening 820-860O_C Tempering 200-650O_C Flame/Induction 850-880O_C Remarks:

Holding time in furnace should be 10mins/cm of ruling section followed by oil quenching.

Temperature depends on required hardness (see tempering diagrams). Tempering should be carried out immediately after quenching. The tempering time being at least 1 hour per 25mm of section.

Heating should be rapid in order to localise the heating effect to the surface of the bar. Quench immediately into oil. Temper immediately at 150-200O_{C. Surface} hardness obtainable 56-60 HRC.

Tempering Diagram:

130 2000 115 1800 103 1600 90 1400 78 1200 65 1000 52 800 80 39 600 60 26 400 40 13 200 20 0 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Tempering Temperature in O_C 200 180 160 140 120 100 100 80 80 60 60 40 40 20 20 0 0 kp/mm 2 % 130 2000 115 1800 103 1600 90 1400 78 1200 65 1000 52 800 80 39 600 60 26 400 40 13 200 20 0 0 0₁₀₀ _{200 300} ₄₀₀ _{500 600} 700 Tempering Temperature in O_C 200 180 160 140 120 100 100 80 80 60 60 40 40 20 20 0 0 kp/mm 2 %

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High Tensile Steel:>

High Tensile Steel AISI P20

Product Shortname:

MOLD, MLDF (Flat)

Supplied Hardened, Tempered and Stress Relieved

Supplied Black or Premachined

Flats, Squares and Rounds

Specifications:

AISI P20

DIN 1.2311/1.2738

Typical Analysis:

C Mn Cr Mo Ni (2738)

0.40% 1.5% 1.9% 0.2% 1.0%

Mechanical Properties:

UTS approx 950-1100MPa

Colour Code:

2311 Red 2312 Red/White 2738 Red/Yellow

Characteristics:

Although predominantly used in tooling applications in the plastic mould industry, these steels are also suited for use in applications where a high tensile strength is the prime requirement. These steels are supplied in the hardened and tempered condition with a tensile strength of 950-1100MPa. Further heat-treatment can produce tensile strength of 1400MPa in sections up to 100mm (4”) and 1200MPa in sections as large as 200mm (8”). In the as-supplied heat-treated condition this grade possesses excellent toughness and endurance strength and is therefore also ideally suited for high tensile applications such as heavy duty shafts, gears, axles, etc. It may be nitrided to produce a surface hardness of 60 Rockwell ‘C’ and flame or induction hardened to 58 Rockwell ‘C’.

Applications:

High tensile applications such as heavy duty shafts, gears, axles, etc.

Size Range:

Rounds - Metric (mm) 25 35 45 50 65 80 90 100 110 Flats (mm) 25 35 45 50 70 75 80 100 130 150 200 Metric - Flats (mm)

We can cross cut to your specific requirements.

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High Tensile Steel:>

High Tensile Steel DIN 1.2767

Product Shortname:

MLDH, MHTF (Flat)

Rounds and Flats supplied Annealed

Specifications:

En30B types

Mechanical Properties:

Typical Analysis:

C Cr Mo Ni

0.45% 1.4% 0.3% 4.0%

Colour Code:

Grey/Purple

Characteristics:

DIN 2767 is supplied in the annealed condition, but is capable of being hardened to a tensile strength in excess of 1500MPa and is therefore ideal for applications where ultra high tensile strengths are required. The chemical make-up of this steel enables it to be air hardened or ‘vacuum hardened’ with a minimum of distortion. DIN 2767 also displays excellent polishability and high toughness and can be successfully carburised.

Applications:

After heat treatment this grade is used for applications involving high tensile strengths in conjunction with extremely good toughness used where the strength of 4340 is not sufficient, such as shafts, axles, gears, etc. Can also be used for gears requiring shock resistance.

Size Range:

Rounds - Metric (mm)

16 20.5 25 30 35.8 40 50 96 111.5

Heat Treatment Procedures:

Hot Forming:

Hot forming O_{C Cooling}

1050-850 slow, e.g. in furnace

Heat Treatment:

Soft annealing O_C _Cooling _{Hardness HB}

610-650 furnace max. 260

Hardening Hardness after

from O_C _in _{quenching HRC}

840-870 oil, air or hot bath 56

180-220O_C

Tempering O_C _{100 200 300 400 500 600} HRC 56 54 50 46 42 38

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Case Hardening Steel:>

Carburising Steel En36A, En39B

Product Shortname:

CASE

Products supplied Annealed

Specifications: En36A - AISI 3310 En39B - AISI 9310 - BS665 A12 - BS835 M15 - JIS 94102 SNCM220 - JIS 94102 SNCM815

Typical Analysis:

C Mn Si Ni Cr En36A 0.15% 0.5% 0.2% 3.25%, 0.85% C Mn Si Ni Cr Mo En39B 0.15% 0.5% 0.2% 4.2% 0.85% 0.2%

Colour Code:

En36A - Yellow/Brown En39B - Orange/Brown

Characteristics:

Case hardening steels with high core strengths. En39B has the higher core strength and toughness after heat treatment. In addition to case hardening both grades are also used in the through hardened condition for high tensile applications. Supplied in the annealed state, approx 269 HB.

Applications:

Components requiring good wear resistance and a tough core, i.e. carburised splined shafts, piston pins, camshafts, guide pins.

Size Range:

En36A Rounds - Metric (mm)

22 25 33 40 50 55 60 70 75 80

90 100 105 120 140 150 170 180 200 210

220 260 310

En39B Rounds - Metric (mm)

25 33 40 45 50 55 60 70 75 80

90 100 105 120 130 140 150 160 180 185

200 210 220 240 260 300 310 320 350

Fletcher Easysteel Service Centres have the ability to cut to your specific requirements.

Fletcher Easysteel Page 24 Fletcher Easysteel Page 24

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Case Hardening Steel:>

Carburising Steel En36A, En39B

Thermal Temperature Remarks:

Process: Range:

Annealing 820-860ºC For 1 hour per 25mm of section, slow furnace cool at no more than 65O_C/hour. Carburising 880-930ºC

The following table indicates approximate case depths achievable:

Time in hours at the stated carburising temperature to produce the given case-depth

Case Depth 880O_C ₉₀₀O_C ₉₂₅O_C

(inches) Solid Gas Solid Salt Gas Solid Gas

0.01 1.5 0.65 1.2 0.6 0.45 0.8 0.35 0.02 2.4 2.0 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.0 0.03 6.0 4.5 4.4 4.0 3.2 2.7 2.25 0.04 10.7 8.0 7.8 7.2 5.25 4.8 4.0 0.06 24.0 18.0 17.6 16.0 12.0 10.8 9.0 0.08 43.0 32.0 31.2 - 21.0 19.2 16.0 0.10 67.0 50.0 52.0 - 33.0 30.0 25.0

Post Carburising Treatments:

Treatment ‘A’ Treatment ‘B’ Treatment ‘C’

(Direct oil quench) (For maximum dimensional stability) (Single refine)

Oil quench direct from Air cool direct from carburising Air cool from carburising temperature. carburising temperature and temperature and temper at 200O_C _{Reheat to 850-880}O_{C and oil quench.} temper at 200O_{C for 1 hour} _{for 1 hour per 25mm of section.} _{Temper at 200}O_{C for 1 hour per 25mm}

per 25mm of section. of section.

Note: For most applications treatment ‘C’ would be the recommended procedure. Typical Results: Case hardness up to 64 HRC.

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Phosphor Bronze:>

Phosphor Bronze LG2

Product Shortname:

BZHB, BZR

Specifications:

BS 1400 LG2 SAE 40 JIS H5111-BC6 DIN 1705-RG5 AS 1565 83600 ASTM A505 & B271-83600 ISO 1338-CuPb5Sn52n5

Typical Analysis:

Cu Sn Zn Pb P

85% 5% 5% 5.0% 0.05%

Characteristics:

Phosphor bronze LG2 (leaded gunmetal) is the common general purpose bearing grade particularly for general resistance to pick up or sticking with ferrous material in slow or medium friction applications. Its excellent machine-ability, and freedom from gas and porosity enable complicated parts to be made. Excellent resistance to general corrosion.

Applications:

Bushes and bearings in equipment, irrigation, bearing rings, hydraulic control equipment, hydraulic ram components, crank gears, valve seats, wear rings.

Size Range:

All standard sizes in round (solids) from 25.5mm - 101mm All standard sizes in cored hollow bar from 1” x 1_{/2” to 4” x 3.5”} (Other sizes on application)

Typical Mechanical Properties

UTS Yield Elongation Hardness

Centrifugally Cast 270Mpa 120Mpa 20% 75BHN

Continuous Cast 300Mpa 120Mpa 20% 75BHN

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Dia. MEDIUM TENSILE 4140 4340 CASE

INCHES 1040 BLK 1040 CD BLK CD CG BLK CG EN36A EN39B

1/4 • 5/16 • 3/8 • • 7/16 • 1/2 • • 9/16 • 5/8 • • • 3/4 • • 7/8 • • 1 • • • 1 1/8 • • 1 1/4 • • • 1 3/8 • • 1 1/2 • • • 1 3/4 • • • 2 • • • • 2 1/4 • • • • 2 1/2 • • • • 3 • • • • 3 1/2 • • 4 • • • METRIC 10 • • 12 • • 16 • • 20 • • • • • • 24 • 25 • • • • • • • 30 • • • • • • 33 • • 35 • • • • • 40 • • • • • • • • • 45 • • • • • • • • • 50 • • • • • • • • • 55 • • • • • 60 • • • • • • • • • 65 • • • • • • • 70 • • • • • • • • • 75 • • • • • • • • • 80 • • • • • • • • • 90 • • • • • • • • • 100 • • • • • • • • • 105 • • • • • 110 • • • • 115 • ` 120 • • • • • • 130 • • • • • 140 • • • • • 150 • • • • • 160 • • • • 170 • • • 180 • • • • • 185 • 190 • • 200 • • • • • 210 • • • • • 220 • • • • • 230 • 240 • • • 250 • • • 260 • • • • 270 • 280 • • • 290 • 300 • • • • 310 • • • 320 • • • • 340 • • • 350 • 360 • 370 • 380 • 400 • • • 420 • • •

Engineering Steels

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Engineering Steels:>

Forms of Supply & Machining Allowances

Our suppliers endeavour to meet the requirements of the market at all times. Apart from the black condition they can offer tool steels in the premachined condition, which presents economic advantage in many cases. The production programmes are subdivided into the following product groups:

• black condition • premachined tool steels • precision-machined tool steels

Current market analysis guarantees the consumer optimum stock in all common steel grades and sizes, annealed or heat-treated with the necessary working strength or hardness.

The machined bars offer the customer the following advantages: • no loading and soiling of the machines by rough machining • flexible and improved time schedule • ready-made for further processing, consequently shortening of tool production time • significant reduction of the manufacturing costs • indirect extension of capacity without further investment • allocation of preliminary work to the tool steel supplier, thus freeing the toolmakers for other skilled work

Black condition

Material is produced under consideration of the common machining allowances indicated in DIN 17350, part 10 (draft 6/83). When manufacturing tools sufficient allowance must be made for machining to remove scale which originated during forging, rolling and annealing as well as decarburization and sometimes surface imperfections.

Premachined Tool Steels

Premachined tool steels offer to the user a smooth surface with machining allowances already strongly narrowed down. The advantages of a premachined surface can be seen from the diagram shown on page 91. Depending on size 7 to 10% of the weight can be saved.

Basic sizes and pertinent largest finished sizes for rolled or forged round, square, hexagonal

and octagonal bars.

Basic Size Thickness DR* Largest Finished Size Thickness DR* 10 8 12 10 14 12 15 12.5 16 13.5 18 15.5 20 17.5 22 19.5 25 22.5 30 27 35 32 40 36.5 Basic Size Thickness DR* Largest Finished Size Thickness DR* 45 41.5 50 46 55 51 60 55.5 65 60.5 70 65 75 70 80 75 85 80 90 84 100 94 110 103 Basic Size Thickness DR* Largest Finished Size Thickness DR* 120 113 130 123 140 132 150 142 160 151 170 161 180 170 190 180 200 189 210 199 220 209 230 218 Basic Size Thickness DR* Largest Finished Size Thickness DR* 240 228 250 237 260 247 300 285 350 333 400 380 450 428 500 476 600 571

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Cast Iron & Hollow Bar:>

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Cast Iron:>

Cast Iron-Grey Iron 4E

Product Shortname:

CI

Specifications:

ASTM A.48 Classes 35-40 BS 1452 Grade 17

AS 1830 T 250

DIN 1691 GG35

JIS FC 25

Mechanical Properties:

Colour Code:

Gold

Characteristics:

A continuously cast bar with a uniform partial pearlitic structure from surface to core. Ideally suited to high speed machining and provides significantly longer tool life.

Applications:

Pistons, bearings, manifolds, brushings, gears, pulleys etc

Size Range:

Grey Iron - Metric (mm)

35 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80

90 95 100 105 110 120 130 140 150

160 180 185 200 220 250 285 310 360

420

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Cast Iron:>

Cast Iron-SG Iron 3D

Product Shortname:

CI

Specifications:

ASTM A.536 65-45-12 BS 2789 SNG 27/12 AS 1831 400-250-12 DIN 1693 GGG 40

JIS Fc D45

Mechanical Properties:

UTS approx 415MPa

Colour Code:

Gold/White

Characteristics:

A higher strength cast bar due to the spheroidal or nodular nature of the graphite (as opposed to the flake structure of Grey Iron). A ductile and easily machined material.

Applications:

Products requiring corrosion resistant and shock resistance. Pump bodies, glass moulds, sprockets, heavy duty gears and motors, etc.

Size Range:

SG Iron - Metric (mm) 55 60 65 70 80 90 95 100 105 110 120 130 140 150 155 160 180 190 200 220 240 260 285 310 360 *Other sizes, grades, squares, flats, hollow bar and profiles also available on indent

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Hollow Bar:>

Hollow Bar Mecaplus 470

Product Shortname:

HB

Proprietary Material - Condition as rolled

Typical Analysis:

C Si Mn P S Al Nb V Ti

0.16-0.22 0.10-0.50 1.30-1.70 ≤0.030 0.015-0.050 ≥0.010 ≤0.07 0.08-0.15 -

Colour Code:

147M - Orange / 470M - Purple

Mecaplus 470 is a seamless hot finished hollow bar. EN 10294-1 now for the first time includes a machinability minimum, which Mecaplus 470 not only meets but exceeds, giving longer tool life, increased cutting speed and better swarf fragmentation.

Description: It is produced to EN10294-1, which prescribes that the descibed size is a gauranteed cleaned turn size (CTS). This is a change from the traditional method of desciption being the physical size. We have included both dimensions for your reference.

Mechanical Properties

(At room temperature) Minimum guarantees

WT <16mm <25mm <40mm <50mm <65mm Elongation A%

Yield Rp 0.2 (MPa) 470 460 430 430 400 17 (15)2

UTS Rm (MPa) 650 620 600 550 550 15 (13)2

Elongation A% Long. 17 (15) Trans. 15 (13)

Heat Treatment

Normalising Quenching & Tempering Stress Relieving

ºC Hardening ºC Tempering ºC ºC

900 to 960 Cooling in _{still air} 900 to 960 Quenching _{in water} 580 to 700 Cooling in _{still air} 530 to 580 Cooling in _{still air} The workpieces must be evenly heated to the specified temperature over their entire cross section.

No further soaking is required in normalizing and hardening.

For stress relieving and tempering a minimum soaking time of 30 minutes is required.

Note: The steel grade MecaVal® 470M is a medium tensile and in accordance with specification EN 10294-1. The above specification is an extract of the technical data sheet MOS 051R which is available to you upon request.

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OD ID WT OD WT weight per OD ID (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) metre (kg/m) (mm) (mm) 30 15 7.5 31.8 9.8 5.317 29.5 14.2 35 20 7.5 36.5 9.7 6.411 34.2 19.2 40 20 10 41.3 12.3 8.796 38.8 19.0 25 7.5 9.6 7.505 39.0 24.2 50 26 12 51.3 14.4 12.100 48.6 25 30 10 51.3 12.3 11.829 48.8 29.0 35 7.5 6.9 7.555 49.3 39.4 55 30 12.5 57.1 15.5 15.901 54.2 28.6 35 10 57.1 12.7 13.905 54.5 34.0 40 7.5 57.1 10.0 11.615 54.8 39.2 65 35 15 66.5 17.8 21.377 63.4 33.6 45 10 12.4 16.543 63.9 44.0 70 40 15 71.3 17.8 22.484 68.2 38.4 45 12.5 15.1 20.927 68.5 43.6 75 50 12.5 15.1 22.789 73.5 48.6 55 10 12.3 19.412 73.8 54.0 60 7.5 76.3 9.6 15.790 74.0 59.2 80 40 20 81.5 22.3 32.555 77.8 40.1 55 12.5 14.5 23.957 78.5 54.9 85 45 20 86.5 22.3 35.305 82.8 41.5 55 15 17.2 29.394 83.3 45.8 90 65 12.5 14.5 27.533 38.5 64.9 70 10 11.9 23.359 88.8 70.0 95 50 22.5 24.9 43.965 92.5 50.0 70 12.5 14.5 29.321 93.5 69.9 100 45 27.5 101.6 30.2 53.174 97.0 44.9 65 17.5 19.7 39.787 98.0 65.2 105 60 22.5 24.9 50.167 102.5 60.1 70 17.5 19.7 42.216 103.0 70.2 80 12.5 14.5 32.932 103.5 80.0 115 65 25 116.6 27.6 60.575 112.2 65.0 80 17.5 19.9 47.454 113.0 79.8 120 90 15 17.3 44.539 118.3 90.0 125 90 17.5 19.7 51.981 123.0 90.3 100 12.5 14.6 40.360 123.5 100.1 130 75 27.5 131.7 30.3 75.766 126.9 75.1 95 17.5 19.9 54.864 128.0 94.9 100 15 17.3 54.805 128.3 100.0 140 85 27.5 30.3 83.313 136.9 85.1 105 17.5 19.8 59.569 138.0 105.4 150 85 32.5 151.8 35.6 102.012 146.4 85.1 100 25 27.7 84.770 147.2 100.2 120 15 17.3 57.380 148.2 120.1 160 95 32.5 35.6 110.878 156.4 95.1 115 22.5 25.1 84.675 157.5 115.3 180 105 37.5 40.9 152.212 174.9 105.1 150 15 17.4 70.584 178.2 150.2 190 160 15 17.7 76.253 188.2 160.7 200 125 37.5 41.2 163.880 195.8 125.7 150 25 28.1 120.850 197.2 150.9 220 155 32.5 39.1 177.028 214.4 148.8 230 180 25 32.0 160.112 227.6 174.9 250 170 40 47.6 240.984 243.2 162.4 190 30 36.5 194.779 244.8 184.2

Guaranteed CTS Based on OD Chucking Delivered Size Guaranteed CTS Based on ID Chucking

Hollow Bar:>

Size Range:

Sizes listed are clean turned sizes as per EN 10294-1.

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Hydraulic Steels:>

(37)

Hard Chrome Bar:>

Hard Chrome Bar

Product Shortname:

HCBI, HCBM

Specifications:

ASI 1442 - K1045 CK45

Typical Analysis:

C Mn Si S P

0.43% 0.10% 0.10% 0.05% 0.05%

Colour Code:

Red

Characteristics:

Supplied in 1045 grade as a medium strength bar with a thin layer of chrome plating (25 microns*). Has wear resistance and tight tolerance (f7) on surface finish.

Applications:

Used primarily for hydraulic ram applications.

Diameter (mm) f7 (mm) Over 3 -0.010 min Up to 6 -0.022 max Over 6 -0.013 min Up to 10 -0.028 max Over 10 -0.016 min Up to 18 -0.034 max Diameter (mm) f7 (mm) Over 18 -0.020 min Up to 30 -0.041 max Over 30 -0.024 min Up to 50 -0.050 max Over 50 -0.030 min Up to 80 -0.060 max Diameter (mm) f7 (mm) Over 80 -0.036 min Up to 120 -0.071 max Over 120 -0.043 min Up to 180 -0.083 max Over 180 -0.050 min Up to 250 -0.096 max

Size Range:

Imperial (inches) 1_/₂ 5_/₈ 3_/₄ ₁ ₁1_/₈ ₁1_/₄ ₁3_/₈ ₁1_/₂ ₁3_/₄ ₂ 2 1_/₄ ₂1_/₂ ₂3_/₄ ₃ ₃1_/₂ ₄ ₄1_/₂ ₅ ₆ Metric (mm) 12 16 20 22 25 30 32 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 90 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 140 150

Tolerances:

Straightness: 0.5:1000mm

Surface Roughness: Ra>0.2µm, Rt>0.3µm

Finish: f7

4140, 4140 induction hardened and 1045 induction hardened also available on an indent basis. *MICRON: One millionth of a metre and another term for micrometre. An easy conversion scheme is to remember that 25.4 microns=0.0254mm=0.001”=1 mil=1,000microninches.

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Cylinder Tube:>

Hydraulic Cylinder Tube

Product Shortname:

HCTI, HCTM

Specifications:

ST 52, Stress relieved

Typical Analysis:

C Mn Si S P

22% 1.5% 0.50% 0.02-0.04% 0.03% - max

Mechanical Properties:

UTS >600, Yield >520

Characteristics:

Seamless cold drawn or ERW DOM welded tubes, with inside diameter to H8. Designed for hydraulic cylinder applications.

Size Range:

Inside Diameter x Wall Thickness - Imperial (inches)

1 1_/₂_x1_/₄ _{2 x}1_/₄ ₂1_/₄_x1_/₄ ₂1_/₂_x1_/₄ _{3 x}1_/₄ _{3 x}5_/₁₆ _{3 x}3_/₈ ₃1_/₂_x1_/₄

3 1_/₂_x5_/₁₆ ₃1_/₂_x3_/₈ ₃1_/₂_x1_/₂ _{4 x}1_/₄ _{4 x}5_/₁₆ _{4 x}3_/₈ _{4 x}1_/₂ ₄1_/₄_x1_/₄

4 1_/₂_x1_/₄ ₄1_/₂_x5_/₁₆ ₄1_/₂_x3_/₈ ₄1_/₂_x1_/₂ _{5 x}5_/₁₆ _{5 x}3_/₈ ₅1_/₂_x3_/₈ _{6 x}3_/₈

6 x 1_/₂ _{8 x}1_/₂

Inside Diameter x Wall Thickness - Metric (mm)

63 x 6 80 x 7.5 80 x 10 90 x 7.5 90 x 10 100 x 10 100 x 12.5

110 x 10 110 x 12.5 120 x 10 120 x 12.5 130 x 10

_Tolerances:

Straightness: 0.5:1000mm

Surface Roughness: Ra>0.2µm, Rt>0.3µm

Finish: Inside diameter to h8

*Other finishes and sizes also available on an indent basis. *Pre cut and pre machined, also available on an indent basis.

Note: Skiving and Roller burnishing and honing are two different preocesses to the same end result - H8 ID tubes and therefore should be interchangeable.

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Cold Work Tool Steels:>

(40)

Cold Work Tool Steels:>

The Blanking Clearance:

To prevent the piece to be manufactured being upset, and to keep the friction low during the cutting operation, the opening of the cutting plate has to be somewhat larger than the cross-section of the cutting punch. The distance between the cutting edges of the plate and the punch is designated as blanking clearance. Its size is dependent on the properties and the thickness of the sheet to be cut as well as on the blanking procedure. The narrower the blanking clearance, the smoother is the cut surface. With the blanking clearance being too small, the power required largely rises because of the increased friction and the upsetting of the material to be processed. This may lead to premature blunt edges or to chipping of the cutting edges. A blanking clearance that is too large is disadvantageous as well, since the material to be cut may be pressed into the gaps resulting in heavy explosive stresses which may cause a premature rupture of the cutting plates. In the diagram reference data for the blanking clearance as a function of the sheet thickness are indicated for conventional and precision blankings. When blanking soft materials the blanking clearance should range at the lower limit of the respective scattering zone, whereas it should be at the upper limit when blanking materials with a higher strength. Recommended blanking clearance as a function of sheet thickness

Recommended Steels for Blanking Dies and Punches:

Accessory Tooling:

Material to be cut Thickness DIN Spec Working

in mm Hardness

HRC

steel sheets and strips up to 6 1.2379 56-60 aluminium and Al-alloys 1.2842 56-60 copper and Cu-alloys up to 12 1.2550 54-58 over 12 1.2767 48-52 transformer and up to 6 1.2379 58-62 dynamo sheets and strips austenitic steels up to 4 1.2379 60-63 1.3343 60-64 up to 6 1.2379 58-62 1.3343 58-62 up to 12 1.2550 54-58 over 12 1.2767 50-54 precision blanking up to 4 1.2379 60-63 dies for sheets and 1.3343 60-64 strips from up to 6 1.2379 58-62 metallic materials 1.3343 58-62 up to 10 1.2379 56-60 1.3343 56-60 plastics, wood, 1.2379 58-63 rubber, leather, 1.2550 54-58 textiles, paper 1.2842 58-63 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.015 0.010 0.005 blanking c learance in mm 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 sheet thickness in mm

A = standard blanking B = precision blanking

Tool DIN Spec Working Hardness

in HRC resp. Working Strength in N/mm2 pressure part, pressure 1.2842 56-60 HRC pad intermediate plate

stripper 1.2842 58-60 HRC

stripper plate 1.2399S approx. 900 N/mm2 spring bolt 1.2842 58-62 HRC

guide bolt 1.2162 58-60 HRC

guide column

ejector pin 1.2210 56-60 HRC ejector plate 1.2842 56-60 HRC punch holder 1.2399S approx. 900 N/mm2 base plate

hold down fixture 1.2379 58-62 HRC 1.2842 58-62 HRC

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Cold Work Tool Steels:>

Blanking Dies:

Blanking dies cut the material by a shearing effect. Cutting edges of a definite shape move along side by side separating the material.

The design of a blanking die is mainly dependent on the required accuracy and number of the pieces to be cut as well as on its type and grade.

For illustrating the tool design a guide blanking die column type is represented in the diagram.

In the blanking procedure only about one third of the sheet thickness is cut, whereas the residual thickness breaks away due to the tensile stresses. Dependent on the sheet thickness, steel grade and strength as well as the size of the blanking clearance a more or less harp burr generates which usually requires a remachining of the cut edge. Essentially more precise edges may be attained with precision blanking dies. They require, of course, precise tool guides very firmly built, since the clearance between the cutting punch and the die must be kept very low. Precision blanking dies necessitate a hold-down fixture or a pressing plate fitted with annular teeth, particularly in the case of greater sheet thicknesses. Moreover, a counterpressure punch simultaneously performing the function of the ejector pin will be necessary. Tensile stresses in the blanking clearance are avoided by this tool design and the sheet is sheared throughout the entire thickness. Precision blanking die components have right-angled smooth cutting edges and are distinguished by an excellent planeness. pressure part spring bolt pressure pad guide pin pressure pad punch holder plate cutting die hold down fixture piercing punch forming punch ejector stripper plate cutting punch guide column base plate

Standard blanking die in comparison with precision blanking die standard blanking die

piercing punch piece piercing die

precision blanking die

piercing punch guide or pressing plate fitted with annular teeth annular tooth piece piercing die *) counter-punch and ejector pin *) From 4mm of material thickness annular teeth shall be fitted on the pressing and cutting plate.

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Cold Work Tool Steels:>

AISI D2 (DIN 1.2379)

Product Shortname:

D2, D2F

Rounds/Flats Annealed

DIN-Material Number:

1.2379.

Specifications:

X 155 CrVMo 12 1. AISI: D2, BS: BD2, JIS: SKD 2.

Typical Analysis:

Cu Cr Mo V 1.55% 12.0% 0.7% 1.0%

Colour Code:

Red/Green

Steel Properties:

Ledeburitic-high-carbon high-chromium steel. Highest wear resistance, good toughness. In comparison with DIN 1.2601 improved edge-holding quality and retention to tempering; the steel can be nitrided after a special heat treatment.

Characteristics:

1.2379 (AISI D2) is a high carbon, high chromium cold work steel which is extremely stable in heat treat-ment, and develops high toughness and edge holding qualities in the hardened and tempered condition. 1.2379 exhibits deep hardening characteristics making it suitable for either air or vacuum hardening on most sizes.

Applications:

Thread rolling dies, cold extrusion tools, blanking and stamping tools for sheet thicknesses up to 6mm. Deep drawing tools, circular shear blades, etc.

Size Range:

Rounds D2 - Metric (mm) 16 22 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 65 70 75 81 91 100 105 111 120 125 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 232 240 260 270 290 300 310 320 330 360 380 400 Flats - Metric (mm) 16 25 30 40 50 75 80 110

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Cold Work Tool Steels:>

Time – Temperature – Transformation Diagram

Tempering Diagram

70 66 62 58 54 50 46 42 38 34 30

special heat treatment

-0 1-0-0 2-0-0 3-0-0 4-0-0 5-0-0 6-0-0 7-0-0 8-0-0 Tempering Temperature in O_C Hardness in HRC austenitizing temperature: 1030O_C Seconds Time 1 10 102₁₀3₁₀4₁₀5₁₀6 1 10 100 1000 10 000 Minutes 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Tempera ture in OC

AISI D2

Physical Properties:

Thermal expansion Thermal Conductivity

Hot Forming:

1050-850 slow, e.g. in furnace

Heat Treatment:

Hardening Hardness after quenching

from O_{C in} _HRC

500-550O_C

Tempering O_C_{100 200 300 400 500 525 550 600}

HRC 63 61 58 58 58 60 56 50

Special Heat Treatment:

from O_{C in} _HRC

500-550O_C Tempering O_C_{100 200 300 400 500 525 550 600} (three times) HRC 61 60 58 59 62 62 57 50 10–6_{x m} _20-100 _20-200 _20-300 _20-400O_C m x O_{C 10.5 11.5}_{11.9 12.2} J 20 350 700O_C cm x s x O_{C 0.167 0.205 0.242}

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Cold Work Tool Steels:>

AISI A2 (DIN 1.2363)

Product Shortname:

A2, A2F

Supplied Annealed - Rounds, Flats & Squares

DIN-Material Number:

1.2363.

Specifications:

X 155 CrVMo 5 1. AISI: A2.

Typical Analysis:

Cu Cr Mo V

1.0% 5.3% 1.1% 0.2%

Colour Code:

Light Blue

Steel Properties:

Low change in size upon heat treatment. High wear-resistance and toughness.

Characteristics:

2363 Fills the gap between 2510 and 2379, providing an ideal combination of wear resistance, toughness, stability in hardening and machinability, for all press tooling applications. It is ideal for applications requiring an improvement over oil hardening tool steels, especially in wear resistance, stability and risk of cracking in hardening without the extra costs associated with high carbon chrome steels. 2363 exhibits deep hardening characteristics making it suitable for either air or vacuum hardening in most sizes.

Applications:

Blanking dies, rolls, shear blades, cold pilger mandrels, cold coining dies. Moulds for the processing of plastics.

Size Range:

Rounds A2 - Metric (mm)

20.5 28.8 30.8 35.8 40.8 55.8 81 91 100 102.5

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Cold Work Tool Steels:>

Time – Temperature – Transformation Diagram

Tempering Diagram

70 66 62 58 54 50 46 42 38 34 300 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Tempering Temperature in O_C Hardness in HRC 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Seconds Time 1 10 102₁₀3₁₀4₁₀5₁₀6 1 10 100 1000 10 000 Minutes Tempera ture in OC

AISI A2

Physical Properties:

Thermal Conductivity

Hot Forming:

1050-850 slow, e.g. in air

Heat Treatment:

from O_{C in} _HRC

500-550O_C

Tempering O_C_{100 100 200 400 500 600}

HRC 61 62 60 57 59 52

J 20 350 700O_C

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Notes:>

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