压缩性能（ASTM D 695 and ISO 604）
Compressive Properties-ASTM D695, ISO 604 Specimen Size:
Specimens can either be blocks or cylinders. For ASTM, the typical blocks are 12.7 x 12.7 x 25.4mm (½ by ½ by 1 in). and the cylinders are 12.7mm (½ in) in diameter and 25.4mm (1 in) long. For ISO, the preferred specimens are 50 x 10 x 4mm for modulus and 10 x 10 x 4mm for strength.
拉伸性能ISO 527-1,-2
Tensile Properties - ISO 527-1,-2
Test Specimen Summary
Specimen Note Preferred Thickness
(mm) Type 1A Preferred for directly molded multi-purpose test specimens. 4 Type 1B Preferred for machined test specimens. 4 Type 1BA Scaled down version of 1B. All dimensions except thickness
scaled by 1.2.
>2 Type 1BB Scaled down version of 1B. All dimensions except thickness
scaled by 1.5.
>2
Type 5A Small specimen. >2
Type 5B Small specimen >1
Type 1A, 1B, 1BA, and 1BB Specimen
Type 5A and 5B Specimen
拉伸性能（ASTM D 638）
Tensile Properties - ASTM D638
Type I Rigid Preferred specimen. <7 mm (0.28 in)
Type II Rigid Use when Type I specimen does not break in the narrow section.
<7 mm (0.28 in)
Type III Rigid/Nonrigid >7 mm (0.28
in)
<14 mm (0.55 in) Type IV Rigid/Nonrigid Should be used for comparison between
materials in different rigidity cases. Essentially the same as Die C specimen from ASTM D412.
<4 mm (0.16 in)
Type V Rigid Used when limited material is available or laboratory space is a concern (for environmental testing)
<4 mm (0.16 in)
。
Type I Type II Type III Type IVB Type VC,D Tolerances
W—Width of narrow sectionE,F 13 [0.50] 6 [0.25] 19 [0.75] 6 [0.25] 3.18 [0.125] +-0.5 [60.02]B,C L—Length of narrow section 57 [2.25] 57 [2.25] 57 [2.25] 33 [1.30] 9.53 [0.375] +-0.5 [60.02]C WO—Width overall, minG 19 [0.75] 19 [0.75] 29 [1.13] 19 [0.75] 。。。。 + 6.4 [ + 0.25] WO—Width overall, minG ... . .. ... .. 9.53 [0.375] + 3.18 [ + 0.125]
LO—Length overall, minH 165 [6.5] 183 [7.2] 246 [9.7] 115 [4.5] 63.5 [2.5] no max [no max] G—Gage lengthI 50 [2.00] 50 [2.00] 50 [2.00] ... 7.62 [0.300] +0.25 [+0.010]C G—Gage lengthI ... ... ... 25 [1.00] ... +0.13 [60.005]
D—Distance between grips 115 [4.5] 135 [5.3] 115 [4.5] 65 [2.5]J 25.4 [1.0] +5 [+0.2] R—Radius of fillet 76 [3.00] 76 [3.00] 76 [3.00] 14 [0.56] 12.7 [0.5] +1 [+0.04]C RO—Outer radius (Type IV) ... ... ... 25 [1.00] .. +1 [+0.04]
弯曲性能（ASTM D 790 and ISO 178）
Flexural Properties-ASTM D790, ISO 178 Test Specimen:
A variety of specimen shapes can be used for this test, but the most commonly used specimen size is 3.2mm x 12.7mm x 125mm (0.125" x 0.5" x 5.0") for ASTM, and 10mm x 4mm x 80mm for ISO
Flexural Test Configuration
Location of Maximum Fiber Stress/Strain
悬臂梁冲击试验（ASTM D 256 and ISO 180）
Izod Impact Testing(Notched Izod) ASTM D256 and ISO 180
Charpy Impact Strength is no longer covered under this test method, but is included because Charpy values are still reported under this method.
Unnotched Izod Impact Strength, covered by ASTM D4812, is included here because it is often cited as being tested by ASTM D256.
Optional units of energy per unit area are supported by the standard. These are the ISO style units
Test Specimen:
The standard specimen for ASTM is 64 x 12.7 x 3.2 mm (2½ x ½ x 1/8 inch). The most common specimen thickness is 3.2 mm (0.125 inch), but the preferred thickness is 6.4 mm (0.25 inch) because it is not as likely to bend or crush. The depth under the notch of the specimen is 10.2 mm (0.4 inches).
The standard specimen for ISO is a Type 1A multipurpose specimen with the end tabs cut off. The resulting test sample measures 80 x 10 x 4 mm. The depth under the notch of the specimen is 8mm
ASTM impact energy is expressed in J/m or ft-lb/in. Impact strength is calculated by dividing impact energy in J (or ft-lb) by the thickness of the specimen. The test result is typically the average of 5 specimens.
ISO impact strength is expressed in kJ/m2. Impact strength is calculated by dividing impact
energy in J by the area under the notch. The test result is typically the average of 10 specimens.
Notched Izod Specimen
Method Name Test Description Diagram
A Notched Izod Impact Strength
Specimen is held as a vertical cantilevered beam and is broken by a pendulum. Impact occurs on the notched side of the specimen.
B Charpy Impact Strength
Specimen is held as a simply supported beam and is impacted on the side opposite the notch. This method is no longer covered under ASTM D256 but is still reported as such.
C Estimated Net Izod Impact Strength
This method is the same as Method A except that the energy required to toss the broken portion of the specimen is included in the energy calculation. Preferred over Method A for materials with impact strength below 27 J/m (0.5 ft-lb/in)
D Notch Radius Sensitivity Test
Provides an indication of notch sensitivity. Notch sensitivity is calculated using:
b = (E2 - E1) / (R2 - R1)
where b is the notch sensitivity, E1 and E2 are the
energy required to break a small and large radius notched specimen, and R1 and R2 are the radii of
the small and large radius notches. Units are J/m/mm of notch radius.
E Reversed Notched Izod Impact Strength
Same test as Method A except the specimen is impacted on the side opposite the notch.
Unnotched Izod Impact Strength
Unnotched specimen is held as a vertical
cantilevered beam and is broken by a pendulum. This method is covered under ASTM D4812 but is commonly reported under ASTM D256.
Izod Impact Strength - ISO 180
Notched Izod Specimen
Two possible notch configurations are specified by ISO 180. Notch A is the most commonly reported notch type.
Izod Notch Types
Notch Notch Base Radius 底部半径 (mm)
A 0.25
B 1.00
Tests Covered in ISO 180
Notched Izod Impact Strength
Specimen is held as a vertical cantilevered beam and is broken by a pendulum. Impact occurs on the notched side of the specimen.
Reversed Notched Izod Impact Strength
Same test as previous test except the specimen is impacted on the side opposite the notch.
Unnotched Izod Impact Strength
Unnotched specimen is held as a vertical cantilevered beam and is broken by a pendulum.
缺口简支梁冲击试验ISO 179
Charpy Impact Strength - ISO 179
Edgewise Impact Flatwise Impact
Charpy Specimen Types
Type Length (mm) Width (mm) Thickness (mm) Span (mm)
1 80 10 4 62
2 25 x Thickness 10 or 15 3 20 x Thickness 3 11 or 13 x Thickness 10 or 15 3 6 or 8 x Thickness Three different notch types may be used. Notch Type A is preferred.
Charpy Notch Types Notch Notch Base Radius (mm)
A 0.25
B 1.00
悬臂梁冲击试验（无缺口）ASTM D4812 and ISO 180 IzodImpactTesting(UnnotchedIzod)ASTM D4812 and ISO 180 Specimen size:
The standard specimen for ASTM is 64 x 12.7 x 3.2 mm (2½ x ½ x 1/8 inch). The most common specimen thickness is 3.2 mm (0.125 inch), but the preferred thickness is 6.4 mm (0.25 inch) because it is not as likely to bend or crush.
The standard specimen for ISO is a Type 1A multipurpose specimen with the end tabs cut off. The resulting test sample measures 80 x 10 x 4 mm
邵氏硬度ASTM D 2240
Durometer Hardness Shore Hardness---ASTM D 2240 Specimen Size:
The test specimens are generally 6.4mm (¼ in) thick. It is possible to pile several specimens to achieve the 6.4mm thickness, but one specimen is preferred
洛氏硬度ASTM D785, ISO 2039
Rockwell HardnessASTM D785, ISO 2039 Specimen Size:
A standard specimen of 6.4mm (0.25 in) thickness is either molded or cut from a sheet
Rockwell Hardness Test Parameters Scale Minor Load (kg)Major Load (kg) Indentor Diameter
(in) Indentor Diameter (mm) R 10 60 0.5 12.7 L 10 60 0.25 6.35 M 10 100 0.25 6.35 E 10 100 0.125 3.175 K 10 150 0.125 3.175
Rockwell hardness is calculated by subtracting the penetration divided by the scale division from 130. For example, if the indentor has a net depth increase of 0.12mm, the Rockwell hardness is 70.
Hardness = 130 - (penetration / scale division) Hardness = 130 - (0.12mm / 0.002mm) = 70
热变形温度试验（ ASTM D 648 and ISO 75）
Deflection Temperature Under Load- ASTM D648, ISO 75 Specimen size:
A standard bar 127*12.7*6.4（5" x ½" x ¼"） is used for ASTM ISO edgewise testing uses a bar 120mm x 10mm x 4mm
ISO flatwise testing uses a bar 80mm x 10mm x 4mm HDT Testing Methods
Method Outer Fiber Stress (MPa)
A 1.80
B 0.45
C 8.00
Specimen Orientation Parameters
Orientation Dimensions (mm) Span (mm) Standard Deflection Diagram Edgewise 120x9.8-15x3-4.2 100 0.32
Flatwise 80x10x4 64 0.34
维卡软化点（ASTM D— 1525 and ISO 306）
Vicat Softening Temperature ASTM D1525，ISO 306 Specimen Size:
The test specimen must be between 3 and 6.5 mm thick and at least 10 mm in width and length. No more than three layers may be stacked to achieve minimum thickness 电阻率Surface Resistivity Volume Resistivity ASTM D257, IEC60093
Specimen size:
A 4-inch disk is preferable（101.6mm）, but may be any practical form, such as flat plates, rods or tubes for insulation resistance.
吸水率Water Absorption 24 Hour/Equilibrium ASTM D570
Specimen size:
Two inch diameter disks（50.8mm）, 0.125" or 0.250" thick Percent Water Absorption = [(Wet weight - Dry weight)/ Dry weight] x 100
密度Density and Specific Gravity ASTM D792, ISO 1183
Specimen size:
Any convenient size Test Procedure:
There are two basic test procedures, Method A and Method B. The more common being Method A, can be used with sheet, rod, tube and molded articles. For Method A, the specimen is weighed in air then weighed when immersed in distilled water at 23C using a sinker and wire to hold the specimen completely submerged as required. Density and Specific Gravity are calculated.
Specific gravity = a/[(a + w)-b] a = mass of specimen in air.
b = mass of specimen and sinker (if used) in water.
W = mass of totally immersed sinker if used and partially immersed wire.
Density, kg/m3 = (specific gravity) x (997.6)
雾化 Fogging Characteristics of Interior Automotive Materials SAE J1756,
ISO 6452, DIN 75201
Specimen size:
80 mm diameter disk
燃烧 Flammability UL94, ASTM D635, 49 CFR-571.302,ISO 3795 Specimen size:
Specimen sizes for UL 94 and ASTM D635 are 125 mm long x 13 mm wide x 3mmthe thickness to be rated.
Specimen sizes for 49CFR-571-302 and ISO 3795 are 100 x 356 mm (4" x 14") x no more than 13mm (0.5").