A320 Braking technique

(1)

Summary of

Braking Recommendations

in the SOP

Operational Liaison Meeting FBW aircraft

2004

A320 Family

(2)

e ser v ed. Con fidential and pr op ri eta ry doc u m ent.

INTRODUCTION

BRAKING RECOMMENDATIONS

In the

S

tandard

O

perating

P

rocedures (

SOP

)

(3)

ights r e ser v ed. Con fidential and pr op ri eta ry doc u m ent.

FLIGHT PHASE

PRELIMINARY COCKPIT PREPARATION COCKPIT PREPARATION BEFORE PUSHBACK OR START TAXI BEFORE TAKEOFF APPROACH LANDING AFTER LANDING PARKING SECURING

(5)

Parking Brake Accumulator Check

PRELIMINARY COCKPIT PREPARATION COCKPIT PREPARATION BEFORE PUSH BACK OR START TAXI BEFORE TAKEOFF APPROACH LANDING AFTER LANDING PARKING SECURING THE AIRCRAFT

–

PARKING BRAKE ……….ON

–

ACCU PRESS & BRAKE PRESS indicators…..CHECK

¾

The ACCU PRESS indication

must be in the

Green

band.

¾

If not, recharge the accumulator using the

YELLOW electric pump (SA aircraft), or

the BLUE electric pump (LR aircraft).

WARNING:

Obtain ground crew clearance

BEFORE using the electric pump

(6)

Alternate Braking System: Check of spongy pedals

Objective

: Check for absence of “spongy pedals”

¾

Only performed before the

first flight

of the day

PRELIMINARY COCKPIT PREPARATION COCKPIT PREPARATION BEFORE PUSH BACK OR START TAXI BEFORE TAKEOFF APPROACH LANDING AFTER LANDING PARKING SECURING

AUXILIARY LP DISTRIBUTION LINE

Dual valve

(7)

Alternate Braking System:Check of spongy

pedals…

-

Y ELEC PUMP………..CHECK OFF

¾ For SA aircraft only.

¾ Ensures GREEN hydraulic system is not

pressurized via the PTU.

¾

Normal braking system is not available.

-

CHOCKS………....CHECK IN PLACE

-

PARKING BRAKE…….OFF

-

BRAKE PEDALS ……..PRESS

-

BRAKE PRESSURE….CHECK

If unsuccessful, maintenance

action is due.

(8)

Alternate Braking System:Check of spongy

pedals…

Single-Aisle aircraft

With BSCS EM²

A340-500/600

aircraft

No Auxiliary LP

Distribution Line

ALTERNATE BRAKING SYSTEM CHECK

(9)

Check of brake wear indicators

-

PARKING BRAKE…….. ON

¾

To enable the flight crew to check brake wear

indicators during the exterior inspection.

(10)

e ser v ed. Con fidential and pr op ri eta ry doc u m ent. PRELIMINARY COCKPIT PREPARATION COCKPIT PREPARATION BEFORE PUSH BACK OR START TAXI BEFORE TAKEOFF APPROACH LANDING AFTER LANDING PARKING SECURING

FLIGHT PHASE …

(11)

Parking Brake Handle Check

–

PARKING BRAKE……..ON THEN OFF

¾

To check parking brake pressure

(12)

Parking Brake Handle Check …

–

PARKING BRAKE……..ON THEN OFF

¾

To check parking brake pressure

If chocks are in place, release the parking brake

to increase brake cooling during transit.

(13)

FLIGHT PHASE …

(14)

Parking Brake ACCU Pressure Check

–

PARKING BRAKE ACCU PRESS…..CHECK

¾

The ACCU PRESS indication

must be in the

Green

band.

Do NOT use brakes during pushback,

unless required due to an emergency

¾

To ensure parking brake availability, in case

emergency braking is required during pushback

due to a broken towbar.

(15)

Parking Brake Procedure

¾

For only A320 Family without new pressure

switch (Mod 30062 – SB A320-32-1201),

braking via pedals is not possible while the

parking brake is ON.

¾

However, there is one single procedure in the

SOP for all aircraft types, to cover Mixed Fleet

cases.

•If during engine start, the aircraft starts

moving with parking brake ON:

– PARKING BRAKE…..OFF

– BRAKE PEDALS……PRESS

(16)

FLIGHT PHASE …

(17)

No Residual Pressure Check

–

PARKING BRAKE……….OFF

¾

Check that brake pressure is zero

For the A340-500/600 aircraft:

If the brake pedals are pressed, before releasing the

parking brake, alternate braking remains active.

¾ Alternate pressure is displayed until pedals are released.

¾ Corrected via the BSCU S3B Standard (MOD 52465)

(18)

Normal Braking Check

Normal braking check:

–

BRAKES………..CHECK

¾

Once the aircraft starts moving:

1) Check normal braking efficiency

2) Shuttle valve check

– Check that GREEN pressure has taken over

the YELLOW (SA aircraft) pressure, or

the BLUE (LR aircraft) pressure.

(19)

Shuttle Valve Check…

T A C H

BSCU

BLUE (A330/A340) orYELLOW (A320) HP BDDV SHUTTLE VALVE NORM BRK SEL VALVE NORMAL SERVO VALVE GREEN HP

AUXILIARY LP DISTRIBUTION LINE

ALTERNATE SERVO VALVE

If no brake pedal order

Closed

To other gear

(20)

Shuttle Valve Check…

To other gear WHEEL T A C

BSCU

BLUE (A330/A340) orYELLOW (A320) HP BDDV SHUTTLE VALVE NORM BRK SEL VALVE NORMAL SERVO VALVE GREEN HP

AUXILLARY LP DISTRIBUTION LINE

ALTERNATE SERVO VALVE

Brake pedals pressed

Regulates

according to

pedal position

(21)

Spongy Pedals Check

–

BRAKES………..CHECK

¾

Once the aircraft starts moving:

– Check normal braking efficiency

– Check that GREEN pressure has taken over

the YELLOW (SA aircraft) pressure, or

the BLUE (LR aircraft) pressure.

¾

3)“Spongy” pedals indicate a degraded

(22)

Removal of Shuttle Valve and Spongy Pedals

Check

–

BRAKES………..CHECK

¾

Once the aircraft starts moving:

– Check normal braking efficiency

– Check that GREEN pressure has taken over

the YELLOW (SA aircraft) pressure, or

the BLUE (LR aircraft) pressure.

¾

“Spongy” pedals indicate a degraded performance

of the alternate braking system.

NOT APPLICABLE to A340-500/600 or

single-aisle aircraft with the BSCS EM² Standard

(23)

Removal of Shuttle Valve and Spongy Pedals

Check…

T A C H NORMAL SERVO VALVE GREEN HP NORM BRK SEL VALVE ALTN BRK SEL VALVE ALTN SERVO VALVE WHEELS

ABCU or EBCU

BLUE (A340-500/600)

orYELLOW (A320) HP

_A340-500/600

and SA aircraft

with BSCS EM²

Shuttle Valve

removed

(24)

Brakes Recommendations

Do not “ride” the brakes, to reduce brake wear.

¾

If an arc is displayed on the ECAM wheel

page, above the brake temperature, set

the brake FANS ON:

Î

To reduce brake wear,

PRELIMINARY COCKPIT PREPARATION COCKPIT PREPARATION BEFORE PUSH BACK OR START TAXI BEFORE TAKEOFF APPROACH LANDING AFTER LANDING PARKING SECURING Messier - Bugatti Honeywell-ALS BF Goodrich Wear rate 80 Indicated temperature ° C 250 150 315 500 0 Messier - Bugatti Honeywell-ALS BF Goodrich Wear rate 80 Indicated temperature ° C 250 150 315 500 0 Messier - Bugatti Honeywell-ALS BF Goodrich Messier - Bugatti Messier - Bugatti Honeywell-ALS Honeywell-ALS BF Goodrich BF Goodrich Wear rate 80 Indicated temperature ° C 250 150 315 500 0 Wear rate Wear rate 80 Indicated temperature ° C 250 150 315 500 0 80 Indicated temperature ° C 250 150 315 500 0

(25)

Brakes Recommendations …

Do not “ride” the brakes, to reduce brake wear.

¾

If an arc is displayed on the ECAM wheel

page, above the brake temperature, set

the brake FANS ON:

Î

To reduce brake wear.

Î

More important,to ensure that maximum energy

will be sustained,in case of a rejected takeoff.

(26)

Autobrake selection

¾Enhances safety, in case of a rejected takeoff.

¾Perform the flight control check before arming the

autobrake:

¾

To check that ground spoilers are not extended

ÎTo prevent autobrake activation when armed.

A340-500/600

Other

(27)

FLIGHT PHASE …

(28)

Brake Temperature Monitoring

Brake type

Max

brake

temp for

takeoff

ABS

(SA aircraft

only)

260°C

OTHER

300°C

(29)

Brake Temperature Monitoring …

Brake type

Max

brake

temp for

takeoff

Brake Fans

Displayed

brake

temp

Monitoring

Not installed

Or OFF

ABS

(SA aircraft

only)

260°C

ON

ECAM

“

BRAKES

HOT

”

Not installed

Or OFF

ECAM

“

BRAKES

HOT

”

ON

Flight

_Crew

OTHER

300°C

Prevents hydraulic fluid ignition in the main landing

gear bay, in the event of a fluid leak.

(30)

Brake Temperature Monitoring …

Î

Do not takeoff, in case of:

Î

“

BRAKES HOT

” ECAM Caution, or

Î

Brake temp> 150°C with the brake fans ON,

and no ABS brakes

Î

Do not takeoff with the brake fans ON,

(31)

FLIGHT PHASE …

(32)

Autobrake Selection

• AUTOBRAKE………. AS REQUIRED

• Use of the autobrake is preferred to:

¾

Optimize the deceleration rate

¾

Ensure single brake application

ÎReduce carbon brake wear

(33)

Autobrake Selection…

AUTOBRAKE MODE

A340-500/600

OTHER

LO, 2 or 3

LO

Long and dry runways

4 MED

Short or contaminated runways

RTO

MAX

Not recommended for landing

HI

In some emergency or short

runway situations

(34)

Autobrake Selection…

AUTOBRAKE MODE

A340-500/600

OTHER

LO, 2 or 3

LO

Long and dry runways

4 MED

Short or contaminated runways

MAX

Not recommended for landing

HI

In some emergency or short

CONDITION

TEMPORARY REVISION on A340-500/600:

On wet or contaminated runways, use

manual braking and maximum reverse.

(35)

Residual Braking Check

• WHEN LANDING GEAR IS DOWN:

¾

Check residual

braking on the triple

indicator

(36)

Residual Braking Check …

• WHEN LANDING GEAR IS DOWN:

¾Check residual

braking on the triple

indicator

YES

With A330 FWC K7,

and

A340-500/600 FWC W3:

“RESIDUAL BRAKING”

ECAM alert

not inhibited in flight

BRAKES RESIDUAL BRAKING

(37)

Residual Braking Check …

• WHEN LANDING GEAR IS DOWN:

•With A340 FWC L10,

“RESIDUAL BRAKING”

procedure displayed on

ECAM

•Will be introduced in:

-A330 FWC K8

(38)

FLIGHT PHASE …

(39)

Autobrake Monitoring

• BRAKES………..AS REQUIRED

¾ Monitor the autobrake efficiency

¾If required, brake with pedals.

• Before 20 knots:

–

AUTO BRK………..DISENGAGE

¾

To prevent brake jerks at low speed.

Other

A340-500/600

(40)

FLIGHT PHASE …

(41)

Brake Temperature Monitoring

–

BRAKE TEMPERATURE………….CHECK

¾Check for discrepancies and high temperature

¾Select brake fans:

At least 5 minutes after the temperature check to:

ÎAllow thermal equalization and stabilization to

avoid oxidation of brake surface hot spots

Or,just before stopping at the gate, to:

Î Prevent carbon dust from being blown over

ground personnel

However, when turnaround time is short, or

brake temperatures are likely to exceed

(42)

Brake Temperature Monitoring…

–

BRAKE TEMPERATURE………….CHECK

Refer to the FCOM 3.04.32 for

brake temperature limitations

requiring maintenance action

(43)

FLIGHT PHASE …

(44)

Parking Brake Accumulator Check

–

PARKING BRAKE ACCU PRESS………CHECK

¾The ACCU PRESS indication

must be in the

Green

band.

¾If not, chocks are required before:

¾

ENG 1 shutdown (A320 FAM)

¾

ENG 1 and 2 shutdown (A330)

¾

ENG 1 and 4 shutdown (A340)

(45)

Parking Brake selection with Hot Brakes

–

PARKING BRAKE…………..……ON

¾If the brake temperature is above

500°C

(

350°C

with

the Brake Fans ON, and for non ABS brakes),

and unless operationally necessary:

–

Avoid applying the parking brake

ÎTo prevent brake damage

(46)

Parking Brake selection with Hot Brakes …

• After shutting down the engines, and

checking that the chocks are in place:

–

PARKING BRAKE…………..……AS RQRD

¾If the brake temperature is above

300°C

(

150°C

with

the Brake Fans ON, and for non ABS brakes),

and unless operationally necessary:

–

Avoid applying the parking brake

ÎTo prevent brake damage, due to brake

application for an extended period of time,

and at high temperatures.

(47)

FLIGHT PHASE …

(48)

Parking Brake Selection

–

PARKING BRAKE………CHECK ON

¾

To reduce the hydraulic leak rate

in the brake accumulator

(49)

CONCLUSION

• These recommendations take the following

aspects into account:

SAFETY

COST EFFECTIVENESS

• Brake checks to be applied as all brake functions can not be

automatically monitored.

• New Braking design/softwares developed to enhance

(50)

This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS S.A.S. No intellectual property rights are granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS S.A.S. This document and its content shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied. The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these statements are not shown, AIRBUS S.A.S. will be pleased to explain the basis thereof.

AN EADS JOINT COMPANY WITH BAE SYSTEMS

A320 Braking technique

Summary of

Braking Recommendations

in the SOP

Operational Liaison Meeting FBW aircraft

A320 Family

INTRODUCTION

BRAKING RECOMMENDATIONS

In the

S

tandard

O

perating

P

rocedures (

SOP

)

CONTENTS

FLIGHT PHASE

Parking Brake Accumulator Check

–

PARKING BRAKE ……….ON

–

ACCU PRESS & BRAKE PRESS indicators…..CHECK

¾

The ACCU PRESS indication

must be in the

Green

band.

¾

If not, recharge the accumulator using the

YELLOW electric pump (SA aircraft), or

the BLUE electric pump (LR aircraft).

WARNING:

Obtain ground crew clearance

BEFORE using the electric pump

Alternate Braking System: Check of spongy pedals

Objective

: Check for absence of “spongy pedals”

¾

Only performed before the

first flight

of the day

AUXILIARY LP DISTRIBUTION LINE

Alternate Braking System:Check of spongy

pedals…

-

Y ELEC PUMP………..CHECK OFF

¾ For SA aircraft only.

¾ Ensures GREEN hydraulic system is not

pressurized via the PTU.

¾

Normal braking system is not available.

-

CHOCKS………....CHECK IN PLACE

-

PARKING BRAKE…….OFF

-

BRAKE PEDALS ……..PRESS

-

BRAKE PRESSURE….CHECK

If unsuccessful, maintenance

action is due.

Alternate Braking System:Check of spongy

pedals…

Single-Aisle aircraft

With BSCS EM²

A340-500/600

aircraft

No Auxiliary LP

Distribution Line

ALTERNATE BRAKING SYSTEM CHECK

Check of brake wear indicators

-

PARKING BRAKE…….. ON

¾

To enable the flight crew to check brake wear

indicators during the exterior inspection.

FLIGHT PHASE …

Parking Brake Handle Check