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Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

MANAGED LANES: THE

NUTS AND BOLTS

An examination of design,

operations, and pricing options

Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, © Parsons Brinckerhoff, 2013 11/1/2013 1

David H. Ungemah

National Managed Lanes Director

(720) 837-1522 ungemah@pbworld.com

(2)

Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

DEVELOPING YOUR MANAGED LANE SYSTEM

Design

• Lane Separation • Access Design

Operations

• Occupancy Policies • Enforcement

Pricing

• System Design

(3)

Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

NOT ALL MANAGED LANES ARE THE SAME

Managed Lanes: Nuts and Bolts, © Parsons Brinckerhoff, 2013 11/1/2013 3

Convert HOV Lanes

Overused HOV

•I-85 Atlanta

Underused HOV

•I-25 Denver •I-15 Salt Lake City •SR-167 Seattle •I-394 Minneapolis

Build New Lanes

Convert + Build

• I-15 San Diego • I-95 Miami • I-495 Virginia Build Only • SR-91 Orange County • I-10 Houston Anticipate More Benefits to All Travelers Anticipate Less Benefits to All Travelers

(4)

Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

KEY RESEARCH REFERENCES

NCHRP 03-53

Development of a HOV Systems Manual

NCHRP 08-36

Congestion Pricing and Investment Requirements, Changes in Travel Behavior /

Demand Due to Managed Lanes Facility System Expansion, and Road Pricing Communication Practices

NCHRP 08-57

Assessing Highway Tolling and Pricing Options

NCHRP 08-75

Guidelines for Evaluation and Performance Measurement of Congestion Pricing

Projects

NCHRP 20-05

Road Pricing for Congestion Management and Compilation of Public Opinion

Data on Tolls and Road Pricing

NCHRP 20-07

Update of the HOV and Park and Ride Facilities Design Guides

SHRP-2 C04

Improving Our Understanding of How Highway Congestion and Pricing Affect

Travel Demand

(5)

Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

Initial managed lanes were physically separated with direct access provided

SEPARATION AND ACCESS TREATMENTS

SR-91

I-15

I-25

I-10

(6)

Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

SEPARATION AND ACCESS TREATMENTS

Today, they are more integrated into the freeway with less physical separation

SR-167

I-35W I-95

(7)

Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

SEPARATION AND ACCESS TREATMENTS

Utilizing buffer separation with multiple access zones, near continuous access, or continuous access

I-35W I-85

(8)

Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

SEPARATION AND ACCESS TREATMENTS

MUTCD (2009) guidance :

• Prohibited access segments consist of double-solid white lines on

either side of the buffer and chevron markings if the buffer is wider than 4 feet.

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Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

SEPARATION AND ACCESS TREATMENTS

MUTCD (2009) guidance:

• Discouraged access segments consist of two solid white lines with no

defined width for discouraged access segment.

(10)

Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

SEPARATION AND ACCESS TREATMENTS

MUTCD (2009) guidance:

• Permitted (continuous) access segments should consist of single or

(11)

Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

SEPARATION AND ACCESS TREATMENTS

National Express Lanes facilities have utilized all three

MUTCD defined approaches.

I-35W (Minneapolis, MN)

I-680 (Alameda County) I-15 (Salt Lake City, UT)

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Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

SEPARATION AND ACCESS TREATMENTS

Channelizers are used on several facilities to more

clearly delineate Express Lanes

• 42 inches high with up to 12 foot separation

(13)

Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

SEPARATION AND ACCESS TREATMENTS

Barriers are increasingly rare due to cost

• 2 foot barrier, 10 foot separation on each side • Adds 13 feet per direction to typical cross section

Possibilities for differential speed limits

Possibilities for differential

user classes

I-15 (San Diego)

(14)

Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

SEPARATION AND ACCESS TREATMENTS

For limited access facilities, the provision of merge or

(15)

Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

OCCUPANCY POLICIES

• 1997 – 2008: Adoption of pre-existing HOV requirements • 2009 – current: Modify or drop HOV requirements

I-15 (SD) I-394 I-15 (SLC) I-25 SR 167 I-35W I-680 SR-237 / I-880 HOV-2+ free at all times I-10 (TX) I-45 HOV-2+ free peak only I-95 (FL) I-85 I-495 SR-91* HOV-3+ with restrictions SR-91* I-635 I-35E HOV-3+ discount I-95 (MD) C-470 Loop 1 Loop 375 No HOV discount

(16)

Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

OCCUPANCY POLICIES

3+ 2+ 3+ 2+ 3+ 2+ 2+ Toll Toll 2+ Toll 3+ 3+ 3+ 3+ 3+ 2+ Toll 3+

(17)

Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

ENFORCEMENT

Toll-free Abuse (23% of police contacts leading to citation)

• Ineligible vehicle obtaining toll-free status

Illegal Movements (12%)

• Buffer crossings

• Weaving around toll zones

Toll Evasion (6%)

• Vehicle without account

(18)

Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

ENFORCEMENT

Enforcement

• Visual enforcement still primary means • License plate recognition for tolling

• Mandatory or switchable transponders

Monitoring

• Registration programs • Unrestricted use erodes

active management

(19)

Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

PRICING SYSTEMS

Points of intersection between

facilities

• Change in business rules can affect

utilization and compliance

• Signage message display, control, and

ownership

• Demand balance at diverge points may

require

o Upstream differential pricing

o Increase in diverse point capacity

(20)

Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

PRICING SYSTEMS

Enhancing Efficiency and Utilization

• Expand use of capacity in underutilized lanes • Efficiently allocate capacity in overutilized lanes

Providing Travel Travel Time Reliability

• Maintain reliable speeds

• Sustain unimpeded travel for transit

Yielding Revenue to Offset Lifecycle Costs

• Enhance financial resources for new capacity

(21)

Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

PRICING SYSTEMS CONSTRAINTS

Geometric issues

• Bottlenecks, Access, Termini

Treatments

Policy constraints

• Minimum / Maximum toll

values

• Restrictions on net change in

toll rate increase

(22)

Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

System of Price Setting

• Time of Day • Dynamic • Hybrid

Hours of Operation

• Peak Hours / Peak Direction • Daytime Hours • 24 Hours

Exemptions

• Vehicle occupancy • Vehicle class

Communication of Price

• Fixed variable fee schedule • In-field price displays

Lock-in of Price

• Lock-in by segment(s) • Lock-in for destination(s)

Overrides

• Degradation in express lanes • Diversion during incidents

(23)

Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

UPCOMING TRB RESEARCH / ACTIVITIES

NCHRP 15-49: Guidelines for Implementing Managed Lanes

• Provide singular guidance to assist in implementing managed lanes • Planning, design, operations, and maintenance guidance

• Interactions with financing, project delivery, public outreach, enforcement,

and system integration

A Year of Learning: FHWA Congestion Pricing Symposium

• Posted on TRB Congestion Pricing Committee website (trb-pricing.org)

A Year of Learning: Managed Lanes / Congestion Pricing

• 2014 Annual Conference All-day workshop

(24)

Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

TRB Managed Lanes Committee

• Chair

o Chuck Fuhs, fuhs@pbworld.com

• Website: www.managedlanes.org

TRB Congestion Pricing Committee

• Co-Chairs:

o Lee Munnich, lmunnich@umn.edu

o David Ungemah, ungemah@pbworld.com

(25)

Toll Services | Managed Lanes Group

THANK YOU!

David Ungemah

ungemah@pbworld.com | 720-837-1522

References

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