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NASA Earth Science Research Results
Enhance Public Health Science For
Society
John A. Haynes
Program Manager, Public Health
Applied Sciences Program
Science Mission Directorate
NASA
Washington, DC USA
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2006 NASA Strategic Plan
NASA Strategic Goal 3
Develop a balanced overall program of science, exploration, and
aeronautics consistent with the redirection of human spaceflight
program to focus on exploration.
NASA Sub-Goal 3A:
Study Earth from space to advance scientific understanding and
meet societal needs.
NASA’s partnership efforts in global modeling and data assimilation over the next
decade will shorten the distance from observations to answers for important,
leading-edge science questions.
NASA’s Applied Sciences program will continue
the Agency’s efforts in benchmarking the assimilation of NASA research results
into policy and management decision-support tools that are vital for the Nation’s
environment, economy, safety, and security.
NASA also is working with NOAA
and inter-agency forums to transition mature research capabilities to operational
systems, primarily the polar and geostationary operational environmental
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GEOSS 10-Yr Implementation Plan
4.1.2 Health: Understanding environmental factors affecting human
health and well-being
Health issues with Earth observation needs include: airborne,
marine, and water pollution; stratospheric ozone depletion;
persistent organic pollutants; nutrition; and monitoring
weather-related disease vectors. GEOSS will improve the flow of
appropriate environmental data and health statistics to the health
community, promoting a focus on prevention and contributing to
the continued improvements in human health worldwide.
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Current and Future
NASA Earth Remote
Sensing Observatories
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NASA Earth Science Focus Areas
Atmospheric Composition
Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems
Climate Variability and Change
Weather
Water and Energy Cycle
Earth Surface and Interior
OZONE above18 km SAGE & HALOE
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Technology
Missions /
Observations
Data and
Archives
Research
and Analysis
Models /
Predictions
Policy
Decisions
Forecasting
Results of
NASA Earth
Science Research
Societal Needs
Applied Sciences
Program
Response
& Recovery
Management
Decisions
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GEO 9 Societal Benefit Areas
Natural & Human Induced Disasters Human Health & Well-Being (Air Quality) Energy Resources Climate Variability & Change Water Resources Weather Information, Forecasting & Warning Ecosystems Sustainable Agriculture Oceans
Applied Sciences works across the 9 Societal Benefit Areas of GEO,
with a focus on those areas where:
NASA has greatest capability and expertise
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Patz et al., 2000 http://www.usgcrp.gov/usgcrp/Library/nationalassessment/healthimages.htm
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Provide information regarding the
Provide information regarding the
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5
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county Metro
county Metro
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Atlanta Area
Atlanta Area
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Clayton, Cobb,
Clayton, Cobb,
DeKalb
DeKalb
, Fulton, &
, Fulton, &
Gwinett
Gwinett
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Integrate environment & public
Integrate environment & public
health data into a local network
health data into a local network
that is part of a national network
that is part of a national network
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Take action to prevent & control
Take action to prevent & control
environmentally related health
environmentally related health
effects
effects
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B-Spline Surfacing Algorithm:
EPHTN/HELIX
Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in 2003
Data from scattered EPA monitoring sites were used to make daily surfaces of particulate matter (PM) concentrations. High concentrations of PM are associated with adverse health reactions, eg. respiratory and cardiovascular problems.
NASA and the CDC are partners in linking environmental and health observations to enhance public health surveillance through the Environmental Public Health Tracking Network
(EPHTN)/HELIX-Atlanta project. The integration of NASA earth science satellite observations, model predictive capabilities, and technology enhances the value of public health decision support. In the future, NASA MODIS aerosol optical depth observations will be combined with EPA monitoring data to create more representative particulate matter (PM) products.
Additional Earth science satellite
observations, such as ozone and surface temperature, will also be used to
enhance the EPHTN.
Technical Contacts: Doug Rickman (doug.rickman@nasa.gov) Dale Quattrochi (dale.quattrochi@nasa.gov)
CDC Contact
Pamela Meyer, DrPH, RN
Science Development Team Leader National Environmental Public Health Tracking Program Centers for Disease Control & Prevention
1600 Clifton Rd, NE, MS E19 Atlanta GA 30333
NASA Program Contact
John A Haynes, Program Manager Public Health Application,
Applied Sciences Program NASA Headquarters MS 5L79 Washington DC 20546-0001 High : 50 µg/m3 Low : 0 µg/m3 EPA sites v. April 2005
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Habitat identification Identifying key factors that sustain
or intensify transmission Risk prediction
Primary schizogony Asexual erythrocytic cycle Hypnozoites →relapses Gametocytes HUMAN VECTOR PARASITE Fertilization Oocysts Sporozoites •blood meal •oviposition •eggs •larvae •pupae •adults •destroyed •pre-patent •incubation •delay •treatment •infectious •relapse •immunity Textural/contextual classificationssignificantly
increase landcover mapping accuracy using high resolution data such as Ikonos.
Discrete Wavelet Transformis used to differentiate confusion vegetation types.
Local environment Landcover
Satellite & meteor. data Population database Dwelling Vector control Microepidemiology data Medical care Vector ecology Host behaviors
Evaluated Thail military airborne data and established neural network rectificationcapability.
Richard.Kiang@nasa.gov
Nonparametric model computes the likelihood of disease outbreak using meteorological and epidemiological time series as input.
Wavelet Transform andHilbert-Huang Transform Empirical Mode Decompositionidentify the driving variables that lead to disease outbreaks and provide more accurate predictions.
1 9 9 2 . 5 1 9 9 0 . 0 1 9 8 7 . 5 1 9 8 5 . 0 M o d e 1 1 9 9 2 .5 1 9 9 0 .0 1 9 8 7 .5 1 9 8 5 .0 M o d e 2 M o d e 3 Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 125 100 75 50 25 0 Pf cases Temperature (deg C) x 100 Rainfall (mm) x 5 + 1000 Tak
Spatio-temporal distribution of disease cases
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• The AFSOC GSAT will be enhanced with satellite observations from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometry (ASTER) instrument
onboard NASA Terra, the NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), NASA MODIS, NASA EO-1, and the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). Other satellite observations may also be used if appropriate.
• According to a recent NASA Evaluation Report, enhancing the AFSOC GSAT with NASA Earth Science satellite observations and model predictive capabilities is expected to result in the following benefits for DOD:
– Reduced morbidity and mortality for US overseas forces and populations in host countries
• Almost 1/3 of US personnel involved in the 2003 Liberia operation came down with malaria
– Optimized utilization of larvicide and insecticide – Optimized utilization of chemoprophylaxis
• The enhanced GSAT was tested in real military exercises such as Joint Forces Exercises (JFEX)’06 and will be tested in JFEX’08. During AFSOC preparations for JFEX’06, the NASA team transmitted certain data sets to AFSOC for use in the exercise.
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Surveillance Project: ArboNET/Plague
Vector habitats, seasonal lifecycle variations, migration pressure from
rainfall, soil moisture, vegetative cover, surface temperature, elevation, and
slope.
Landsat7
TRMM
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Surveillance Project: PHAiRS/RSVP
Upper Left: Dust observed from the NOAA GOES 12satellite at 20:26 UTC on December 15, 2003. The red dashed line encircles a large dust storm occurring in west Texas.
Lower Left: DREAM modeled dust concentration
distribution for 20:00 UTC on December 15, 2003, before ingesting NASA MODIS land cover observations.
Lower Right: DREAM modeled dust concentration distribution for 20:00 UTC on December 15, 2003, after ingesting NASA MODIS land cover observations. Note that the DREAM model much more accurately represents the NOAA GOES 12 observed dust storm after ingesting NASA Earth science satellite observations.
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University of New Mexico Earth Data Analysis Center Terra & Aqua
Direct Broadcast Receiving Station
(UNM CREATE)
GES DAAC
NASA/GSFC (WRF Forecast)NOAA-NWS
SYRIS DSS
EDOS MODIS L0 Data
L1B Data
PHAiRS/RSVP System Architecture
T+3-5 hours
T+7 hrs
May 2006
University of Arizona Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences Initialization
Parameters Dust ModelOutputs T+5-7 hours T+1 hour
SOAP/WMS Service Req.
AZ and NM Air Quality and Public Health Offices Web Client
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Projects Awarded in DECISION 04 and
through the MS Research Consortium
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Enhancing USAID Famine and Malaria Early Warning
with NASA Earth Science Results (FEWS NET/MEWS)
– The project's goal is to enhance USAID humanitarian
programs by integrating NASA Earth observation and
modeling results into famine and malaria early warning
systems (FEWS NET/MEWS).
– PIs: James Verdin (USGS)
Molly Brown (SSAI)
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GeoMedStat
– Enhance the GeoMedStat decision support tool (developed
by the University of Mississippi Medical Center) for asthma
surveillance, prediction, and intervention.
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Project Selected in ROSES 05
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Integration of Remote Sensing into
Encephalitis Virus Intervention Decision
Support Systems
– This project will establish procedures to directly
incorporate observations and model predictive
capabilities into the CDC ArboNET and the California
Mosquito-borne Virus Surveillance and Response Plan
(CMVSRP) from NASA satellites and ecosystem
models generated by the Terrestrial Observation and
Prediction System (TOPS) at NASA Ames Research
Center. At a minimum, the project will utilize
observations from NASA MODIS and AMSR-E,
Landsat, and NOAA AVHRR.
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.gov/rs
.org
.edu
.int
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NASA Applied Sciences Program
http://science.hq.nasa.gov/earth-sun/applications/index.html
http://aiwg.gsfc.nasa.gov/
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Earth Science Enterprise Applications Plan
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