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Contents
Part I Recurrent Themes in Biomedical Informatics
1 Biomedical Informatics: The Science and the Pragmatics . . . . 3 Edward H. Shortliffe and Marsden S. Blois
2 Biomedical Data: Their Acquisition, Storage, and Use . . . 39 Edward H. Shortliffe and G. Octo Barnett
3 Biomedical Decision Making: Probabilistic
Clinical Reasoning . . . 67 Douglas K. Owens and Harold C. Sox
4 Cognitive Science and Biomedical Informatics . . . 109 Vimla L. Patel and David R. Kaufman
5 Computer Architectures for Health Care and Biomedicine . . . 149 Jonathan C. Silverstein and Ian T. Foster
6 Software Engineering for Health Care and Biomedicine . . . 185 Adam B. Wilcox, Scott P. Narus, and David K. Vawdrey
7 Standards in Biomedical Informatics . . . 211 W. Edward Hammond, Charles Jaffe,
James J. Cimino, and Stanley M. Huff
8 Natural Language Processing in Health Care
and Biomedicine . . . 255 Carol Friedman and Noémie Elhadad
9 Biomedical Imaging Informatics . . . 285 Daniel L. Rubin, Hayit Greenspan,
and James F. Brinkley
10 Ethics in Biomedical and Health Informatics: Users,
Standards, and Outcomes . . . 329 Kenneth W. Goodman, Reid Cushman, and Randolph A. Miller
11 Evaluation of Biomedical and Health
Information Resources . . . 355 Charles P. Friedman and Jeremy C. Wyatt
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Part II Biomedical Informatics Applications
12 Electronic Health Record Systems . . . 391 Clement J. McDonald, Paul C. Tang, and George Hripcsak
13 Health Information Infrastructure . . . 423 William A. Yasnoff
14 Management of Information in Health
Care Organizations . . . 443 Lynn Harold Vogel
15 Patient-Centered Care Systems . . . 475 Judy Ozbolt, Suzanne Bakken, and Patricia C. Dykes
16 Public Health Informatics . . . 503 Martin LaVenture, David A. Ross, and William A. Yasnoff
17 Consumer Health Informatics and Personal
Health Records . . . 517 Kevin Johnson, Holly Brugge Jimison,
and Kenneth D. Mandl
18 Telehealth . . . 541 Justin B. Starren, Thomas S. Nesbitt, and Michael F. Chiang
19 Patient Monitoring Systems . . . 561 Reed M. Gardner, Terry P. Clemmer, R. Scott Evans,
and Roger G. Mark
20 Imaging Systems in Radiology . . . 593 Bradley Erickson and Robert A. Greenes
21 Information Retrieval and Digital Libraries . . . 613 William R. Hersh
22 Clinical Decision-Support Systems . . . 643 Mark A. Musen, Blackford Middleton, and Robert A. Greenes
23 Computers in Health Care Education . . . 675 Parvati Dev and Titus K.L. Schleyer
24 Bioinformatics . . . 695 Sean D. Mooney, Jessica D. Tenenbaum, and Russ B. Altman
25 Translational Bioinformatics . . . 721 Jessica D. Tenenbaum, Nigam H. Shah, and Russ B. Altman
26 Clinical Research Informatics . . . 755 Philip R.O. Payne, Peter J. Embi, and James J. Cimino
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Part III Biomedical Informatics in the Years Ahead
27 Health Information Technology Policy . . . 781
Robert S. Rudin, Paul C. Tang, and David W. Bates 28 The Future of Informatics in Biomedicine . . . 797
Mark E. Frisse, Valerie Florance, Kenneth D. Mandl, and Isaac S. Kohane Glossary . . . 813
Bibliography . . . 865
Name Index . . . 927
Subject Index . . . 943
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Contributors
Russ B. Altman , MD, PhD, FACMI Departments of Bioengineering, Genetics and Medicine , Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA
Suzanne Bakken , RN, PhD, FAAN, FACMI Department of Biomedical Informatics , School of Nursing, Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
G. Octo Barnett , MD, FACP, FACMI Laboratory of Computer Science (Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital) ,
Boston , MA , USA
David W. Bates , MD, MSc, FACMI Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women’s
Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
James F. Brinkley , MD, PhD, FACMI Department of Biological Structure, Biomedical Education and Medical Education, Computer Science and Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
Michael F. Chiang , MD, MA Department of Ophthalmology and Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology , Oregon Health & Science
University , Portland , OR , USA
James J. Cimino , MD, FACMI Laboratory for Informatics Development , NIH Clinical Center , Bethesda , MD , USA
Terry P. Clemmer , MD Pulmonary – Critical Care Medicine , LDS Hospital , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
Reid Cushman , PhD Department of Medicine , University of Miami , Miami , FL , USA
Parvati Dev , PhD, FACMI Innovation in Learning Inc. , Los Alotos Hills , CA , USA
Patricia C. Dykes , DNSc, MA, FACMI Center for Patient Safety Research and Practice , Brigham and Women’s Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
Noémie Elhadad , PhD Department of Biomedical Informatics , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
Peter J. Embi , MD, MS, FACMI Departments of Biomedical Informatics and Internal Medicine , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA
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Bradley Erickson , MD, PhD Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
R. Scott Evans , BS, MS, PhD, FACMI Medical Informatics Department , LDS Hospital, Intermountain Healthcare , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
Valerie Florance , PhD, FACMI Division of Extramural Programs, National Library of Medicine , National Institutes of Health, DHHS , Bethesda , MD , USA
Ian T. Foster , PhD Searle Chemistry Laboratory, Computation Institute , University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory , Chicago , IL , USA
Carol Friedman , PhD, FACMI Department of Biomedical Informatics , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
Charles P. Friedman , PhD, FACMI Schools of Information and Public Health, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
Mark E. Frisse , MD, MS, MBA, FACMI Department of Biomedical Informatics , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
Reed M. Gardner , PhD, FACMI Department of Informatics , University of Utah, Biomedical Informatics , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
Kenneth W. Goodman , PhD, FACMI University of Miami Bioethics Program , Miami , FL , USA
Robert A. Greenes , MD, PhD, FACMI Department of Biomedical Informatics , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
Division of Health Sciences Research , College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Scottsdale , AZ , USA
Hayit Greenspan , PhD Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , TelAviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
W. Edward Hammond , PhD, FACMI Duke Center for Health Informatics, Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
William R. Hersh , MD FACMI, FACP Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology , Oregon Health and Science University , Portland , OR , USA
George Hripcsak , MD, MS, FACMI Department of Biomedical Informatics , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
Stanley M. Huff , MD, FACMI Medical Informatics , Intermountain Healthcare , Murray , UT , USA
Charles Jaffe , PhD Health Level Seven International , Del Mar , CA , USA
Holly Brugge Jimison , PhD, FACMI Consortium on Technology for Proactive Care, Colleges of Computer and Information Sciences and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Boston , MA , USA
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Kevin Johnson , MD, MS, FACMI Department of Biomedical Informatics , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , TN , USA
David R. Kaufman, PhD Department of Biomedical Informatics , Arizona State University , Scottsdale , AZ , USA
Isaac S. Kohane, MD, PhD, FACMI Harvard Medical School Center for Biomedical Informatics and Children’s Hospital Informatics Program, Boston, MA, USA
Martin LaVenture , MPH, PhD, FACMI Minnesota Department of Health , Offi ce of HIT and e-Health, Center for Health Informatics , St. Paul , MN , USA
Kenneth D. Mandl , MD, MPH, FACMI Children’s Hospital Informatics Program , Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital ,
Boston , MA , USA
Roger G. Mark , MD, PhD Institute of Medical Engineering and Science , Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA
Clement J. McDonald , MD, FACMI Offi ce of the Director , Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
Blackford Middleton , MD, MPH, MSc, FACMI Informatics Center , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
Randolph A. Miller , MD, FACMI Department of Biomedical Informatics , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
Sean D. Mooney , PhD Buck Institute for Research on Aging , Novato , CA , USA
Mark A. Musen , MD, PhD, FACMI Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
Scott P. Narus , PhD Department of Medical Informatics , Intermountain Healthcare, Murray , UT , USA
Thomas S. Nesbitt , MD, MPH Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis Health System , Sacramento , CA , USA
Douglas K. Owens, MD, MS, VA Palo Alto Health Care System and H.J. Kaiser Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research/Center
for Health Policy , Stanford University, Stanford , CA , USA
Judy Ozbolt , PhD, RN, FAAN, FACMI, FAIMBE Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health , University of Maryland School of Nursing , Baltimore , MD , USA
Vimla L. Patel , PhD, DSc, FACMI Center for Cognitive Studies in Medicine and Public Health , The New York Academy of Medicine , New York , NY , USA
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Philip R.O. Payne , PhD, FACMI Department of Biomedical Informatics , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus , OH , USA
David A. Ross , D.Sc Public Health Informatics Institute/ The Task Force for Global Health , Decatur , GA , USA
Daniel L. Rubin , MD, MS, FACMI Departments of Radiology and Medicine , Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA
Robert S. Rudin , BS, SM, PhD Health Unit , Rand Corporation , Boston , MA , USA
Titus K.L. Schleyer , DMD, PhD, FACMI Center for Biomedical Informatics Regenstrief Institute, Inc. , Indianapolis , IN
Nigam H. Shah , MBBS, PhD Department of Medicine , Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA
Edward H. Shortliffe , MD, PhD, MACP, FACMI Departments of Biomedical Informatics , Arizona State University, Columbia University, Weill Cornell Medical College, and the New York Academy of Medicine , New York , NY , USA
Jonathan C. Silverstein , MD, MS, FACMI Research Institute , NorthShore University Health System , Evanston , IL , USA
Harold C. Sox, MD, MACP Dartmouth Institute,
Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, West Lebanon , NH , USA
Justin B. Starren , MD, PhD, FACMI Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Medical Social Sciences , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
Paul C. Tang , MD, MS, FACMI David Druker Center for Health Systems Innovation , Palo Alto Medical Foundation , Mountain View , CA , USA
Jessica D. Tenenbaum , PhD Duke Translational Medicine Institute, Duke University , Durham , NC , USA
David K. Vawdrey , PhD Department of Biomedical Informatics , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
Lynn Harold Vogel , PhD LH Vogel Consulting, LLC , Ridgewood , NJ , USA
Adam B. Wilcox , PhD, FACMI Department of Biomedical Informatics , Intermountain Healthcare , New York , NY , USA
Jeremy C. Wyatt , MB BS, FRCP, FACMI Leeds Institute of Health Sciences , University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
William A. Yasnoff , MD, PhD, FACMI NHII Advisors , Arlington , VA , USA