Exam
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system? 1)
A) plasma membrane B) nuclear envelope
C) chloroplast D) Golgi apparatus
2) Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? 2)
A) central vacuole B) centriole C) chloroplast D) mitochondrion 3) Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? 3)
A) nuclear envelope B) chloroplast
C) ribosome D) mitochondrion
4) Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide,
most of the cyanide will be found within the 4)
A) mitochondria. B) ribosomes. C) lysosomes. D) peroxisomes.
5) Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes? 5)
A) nerve cell B) phagocytic white blood cell
C) muscle cell D) bacterial cell
6) In what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic cell vary? 6) A) Certain proteins are unique to each membrane.
B) Phospholipids are found only in certain membranes.
C) Only certain membranes are constructed from amphipathic molecules. D) Only certain membranes of the cell are selectively permeable.
7) According to the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, proteins of the membrane are mostly 7) A) embedded in a lipid bilayer.
B) randomly oriented in the membrane, with no fixed inside-outside polarity. C) confined to the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.
D) spread in a continuous layer over the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane.
8) Which of the following factors would tend to increase membrane fluidity? 8) A) a greater proportion of saturated phospholipids
B) a relatively high protein content in the membrane C) a greater proportion of unsaturated phospholipids D) a lower temperature
9) Which of the following processes includes all the others? 9) A) diffusion of a solute across a membrane
B) osmosis
C) passive transport
10) Which of the following is the smallest structure that would most likely be visible with a standard
(not super-resolution) research-grade light microscope? 10) A) mitochondrion B) ribosome C) microtubule D) virus
11) Which of the following would be most appropriate method to observe the three-dimensional
structure and organization of microvilli on an intestinal cell? 11) A) standard light microscopy B) scanning electron microscopy
C) a hand lens (magnifying glass) D) transmission electron microscopy 12)
Based on Figure 7.18, which of these experimental treatments would increase the rate of sucrose transport into a plant cell?
12)
A) decreasing extracellular pH B) decreasing cytoplasmic pH
C) adding a substance that makes the membrane more permeable to hydrogen ions D) decreasing extracellular sucrose concentration
13) Which of the following are found in plant, animal, and bacterial cells? 13) A) endoplasmic reticulum B) mitochondria
C) ribosomes D) chloroplasts
14) Which of the following will have the greatest ratio of surface area to volume? 14) A) A box that is 2×2×1. B) A box that is 1×1×2.
C) A box that is 2×2×2. D) A box that is 1×1×1.
15) Which domains of life are classified as prokaryotes? 15)
A) Bacteria and Archaea B) Bacteria and Protista C) Archaea and Fungi D) Bacteria and Eukarya
16) What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes? 16) A) It synthesizes secreted proteins.
B) It synthesizes the proteins required to copy DNA and make mRNA.
17) A cell with a predominance of rough endoplasmic reticulum is most likely ________. 17) A) producing large quantities of proteins in the cytosol
B) producing large quantities of carbohydrates for storage in the vacuole C) producing large quantities of proteins for secretion
D) producing large quantities of carbohydrates to assemble an extensive cell wall matrix
18) Which structure below is independent of the endomembrane system? 18)
A) Golgi apparatus B) nuclear envelope
C) plasma membrane D) chloroplast
19) Which of the following macromolecules leave the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the
nuclear membrane? 19)
A) DNA B) mRNA C) phospholipids D) amino acids
20) Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle is most likely defective in this condition?
20)
A) the Golgi apparatus B) the lysosome
C) the smooth endoplasmic reticulum D) the rough endoplasmic reticulum
21) Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? 21) A) Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.
B) Prokaryotic cells are generally larger than eukaryotic cells. C) Eukaryotic cells have flagella, while prokaryotic cells do not. D) Prokaryotic cells have cell walls, while eukaryotic cells do not.
22) Which of the following is the most common pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that
will be secreted by a cell? 22)
A) rough ER Golgi transport vesicle nucleus
B) rough ER Golgi transport vesicle plasma membrane
C) Golgi rough ER lysosome transport vesicle plasma membrane D) rough ER lysosome transport vesicle plasma membrane
23) Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell? 23)
A) Golgi apparatus B) lysosome
C) chloroplast D) central vacuole
24) The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved ________. 24) A) endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic archaeal cell in a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic
oxygen the anaerobic archaea evolved into chloroplasts
B) endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria
C) evolution of an endomembrane system and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into chloroplasts
25) Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular
structures? 25)
A) membrane proteins of the inner nuclear envelope B) cellulose fibers in the cell wall
C) free ribosomes and ribosomes attached to the ER D) components of the cytoskeleton
26) Both the volume and the surface area for three different cells were measured. These values are listed in the following table:
Volume Surface Area
Cell 1 9.3 µm3 26.5 µm2
Cell 2 12.2 µm3 37.1 µm2
Cell 3 17.6 µm3 40.6 µm2
Using data from the table above, select the best explanation for why that cell will be able to eliminate waste most efficiently?
26)
A) Cell 2, since it has the highest ratio of surface area to volume, which facilitates the exchange of materials between a cell and its environment.
B) Cell 1, since it has the smallest volume and will not produce as much waste as the other cells. C) Cell 3, because it is big enough to allow wastes to easily diffuse through the plasma
membrane.
D) Cell 3, since it has the largest surface area, which will enable it to eliminate all of its wastes efficiently.
27) Which of the following structures form cytoplasmic channels that connect adjacent plant cells
through the cell walls? 27)
A) gap junctions B) plasmodesmata C) desmosomes D) tight junctions 28) For a protein to be an integral membrane protein, it would have to be ________. 28)
A) amphipathic, with at least one hydrophobic region B) exposed on only one surface of the membrane C) hydrophobic
D) hydrophilic
29) The membranes of winter wheat are able to remain fluid when it is extremely cold by ________. 29) A) decreasing the percentage of cholesterol molecules in the membrane
B) decreasing the number of hydrophobic proteins in the membrane C) increasing the proportion of glycolipids in the membrane
D) increasing the proportion of unsaturated phospholipids in the membrane
30) According to the fluid mosaic model, a membrane ________. 30) A) is composed of a mosaic of fluid polysaccharides and amphipathic proteins
B) is composed of a fluid bilayer of phospholipids between two layers of hydrophilic proteins C) is composed of a fluid bilayer of phospholipids with embedded amphipathic proteins D) is composed of a single layer of fluid phospholipids between two layers of hydrophilic
31) Which of the following types of molecules lack hydrophilic domains? 31) A) integral membrane proteins B) cholesterol
C) peripheral membrane proteins D) transmembrane proteins
32) Why are lipids and proteins free to move laterally in membranes? 32) A) Lipids and proteins repulse each other in the membrane.
B) There are only weak hydrophobic interactions in the interior of the membrane. C) The interior of the membrane is filled with liquid water.
D) Hydrophilic portions of the lipids are in the interior of the membrane.
33) In what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic cell vary? 33) A) Some membranes have hydrophobic surfaces exposed to the cytoplasm while others have
hydrophilic surfaces facing the cytoplasm. B) Certain proteins are unique to each membrane. C) Phospholipids are found only in certain membranes.
D) Only certain membranes of the cell are selectively permeable.
34) Which of the following are least likely to diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer of a cell
membrane? 34)
A) carbon dioxide B) large hydrophobic molecules C) small hydrophobic molecules D) small ions
35) Which of the following molecules dramatically increases the rate of diffusion of water across cell
membranes? 35)
A) gated ion channels B) the sodium-potassium pump
C) ATP D) aquaporins
36) Cell membranes have distinct inside and outside faces. Which of the following statements is the
most likely explanation for the membrane's asymmetrical nature? 36) A) Proteins only function on the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane, which results in the
membrane's asymmetrical nature.
B) The two sides of a cell membrane face different environments and carry out different functions.
C) Since cell membranes communicate signals from one organism to another, the cell membranes must be asymmetrical.
D) Since the cell membrane forms a border between one cell and another in tightly packed tissues such as epithelium, the membrane must be asymmetrical.
37) What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily? 37)
A) small and ionic B) small and hydrophobic
C) large polar D) large and hydrophobic
38) Which of the following statements correctly describes the normal tonicity conditions for typical
plant and animal cells? The animal cell is in ________. 38) A) a hypotonic solution, and the plant cell is in an isotonic solution
B) a hypertonic solution, and the plant cell is in an isotonic solution C) an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution D) an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypertonic solution
39) In which of the following environments would there be the greatest need for osmoregulation? 39) A) an animal connective tissue cell bathed in isotonic body fluid
B) a red blood cell surrounded by plasma
C) a plant being grown hydroponically in a watery mixture of designated nutrients D) a salmon moving from a river into an ocean
40) An organism with a cell wall would most likely be unable to take in materials through ________. 40)
A) osmosis B) phagocytosis
C) active transport D) facilitated diffusion
41) Which of the following statements about diffusion is true? 41) A) It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a
region of lower concentration.
B) It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
C) It is very rapid over long distances.
D) It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell.
42) A bacterium engulfed by a white blood cell through phagocytosis will be digested by enzymes
contained in ________. 42)
A) Golgi vesicles B) secretory vesicles
C) vacuoles D) lysosomes
43) In receptor-mediated endocytosis, receptor molecules initially project to the outside of the cell.
Where do they end up after endocytosis? 43)
A) on the outer surface of the nucleus B) on the inside surface of the cell membrane C) on the outside of vesicles
D) on the inside surface of the vesicle
44) A patient was involved a serious accident and lost a large quantity of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water equal to the volume of blood lost is added to the blood directly via one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion?
44)
A) The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood has become hypertonic compared to the cells.
B) The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood has become hypotonic compared to the cells.
C) The patient's red blood cells will swell and possibly burst because the blood has become hypotonic compared to the cells.
D) The patient's red blood cells will burst because the blood has become hypertonic compared to the cells.
45) Which of the following categories includes all others in the list? 45) A) disaccharide B) polysaccharide C) carbohydrate D) starch
46) White blood cells engulf bacteria using ________. 46)
A) osmosis B) phagocytosis
47) Which of the following is true of unsaturated fats? 47) A) They contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms.
B) They are more common in animals than in plants. C) They generally solidify at room temperature. D) They have double bonds in their fatty acid chains.
48) If plant cells are grown on media containing radioactively labeled thymine for one generation,
radioactively labeled macromolecules will be detected in which of the following? 48) A) only in the nucleus and chloroplasts
B) only in the nucleus and mitochondria C) only in the nucleus
D) in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
49) Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely malfunctioning in this disease? 49)
A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum B) lysosomes
C) mitochondria D) Golgi apparatus
50) You have a cube of modeling clay in your hands. Which of the following changes to the shape of
this cube of clay will decrease its surface area relative to its volume? 50) A) Flatten the cube into a pancake shape.
B) Round the clay up into a sphere.
C) Pinch the edges of the cube into small folds. D) Stretch the cube into a long, shoebox shape.
