RE:
Fungal Investigation
City College of San Francisco – Administration Building
31 Gough Street
San Francisco, California
Dear Mr. Cline:
RGA Environmental, Inc. (RGA) was requested to perform a limited assessment of current
fungal conditions in the City College of San Francisco Administration Building located at 31
Gough Street in San Francisco, California. John Alexander, industrial hygienist with RGA,
conducted the fungal investigation on January 21, 2015. The scope of the investigation included
visual assessment and air testing for fungal spores. The airborne fungal assessment was limited
to selected areas on the ground floor of the building.
The air testing was performed to provide an assessment of the areas sampled including the
cafeteria, Room 31, 55, and corridor near the ground floor entry. The air sample results are
representative of the areas sampled on the date of testing and is not necessarily representative of
airborne fungal conditions throughout the entire building.
Evidence of water damage was noted in all of the rooms and areas assessed. Water stained
ceiling tile were observed at the ground floor entry corridor, cafeteria, and Room 31. Water
staining and mineral deposits were observed on the painted concrete ceiling deck in Room 55.
There appears to be multiple sources of water including mechanical plumbing and building
envelope leaks. Visible suspect mold growth (<1 square foot) was observed on an acoustical
ceiling tile in Room 31.
RGA collected a total of six (6) air samples - four (4) on the interior of the ground floor and two
(2) on the exterior of the building for comparative analysis. Air samples were collected via
Air-O-Cell
1sampling cassettes to evaluated current fungal conditions. Samples were transferred
under a chain of custody to EMLab P&K in San Bruno, California.
1
Air-O- Cell
Airborne fungal count samples were obtained using Air-O-Cell sampling cassettes. The Air-O-Cell cassette is designed for the
rapid collection and analysis of a wide range of airborne aerosols. These include mold spores, pollen, insect parts, skin
fragments, fibers and inorganic particulate. The design of the airflow pathway through the cassette creates a deposition of
airborne particulate upon a glass slide contained in the cassette housing. After sample collection, the glass slide is removed and
direct microscope analysis is performed.
EML P&K analyzed the air samples by direct exam and reported counts of potential viable and
non-viable fungal spores. The fungal sampling results indicated lower total fungal counts in the
building interior as compared to the exterior. Individual fungal spore types detected in the
building interior were also similar to the exterior. Concentrations of each fungal type were less
than the exterior. See the attached laboratory report, statistical comparison and sample location
figure for additional information.
RGA’s opinion regarding the interpretation of biological air samples is formed primarily by two
guiding principles. First, an effective interpretation is based on the comparison of indoor and
outdoor samples. There are currently no guidelines or regulations to indicate "safe" or "normal"
spore levels, however, industry standard typically expects indoor counts to be 30 to 80 percent of
outdoor spore counts, with the same general distribution of spore types present. And second,
variation is an inherent part of biological air sampling. The presence or absence of a few genera
in small numbers should not be considered abnormal. Differences in fungal counts in orders of
magnitude are considered significant and warrant addition investigation to determine potential
sources.
It is the opinion of RGA that the fungal testing results for the areas tested on the ground floor of
the Administration Building does not indicate an interior fungal condition is likely impacting
fungal spore concentrations. The ambient air is likely the largest factor of influence of fungal
spore concentrations detected on the interior of the building.
The findings of this assessment and the opinions expressed are based upon visual observations of
the property and scope of services described herein. Some of the observations and information
have been provided by the client’s representative and serve as a basis for this report.
Observation and testing results are only valid for the area tested. RGA appreciates this
opportunity to provide industrial hygiene consulting services to City College of San Francisco.
Respectfully,
RGA Environmental, Inc.
Kenneth Pilgrim
Mike Bishop
Project Manager
Industrial Hygienist
Attachments: Figure 1 – sample locations, laboratory sample results, chain-of-custody form,
statistical comparison of laboratory data, photo log summary
1
Admin. Building – 31-33 Gough Street
San Francisco, California
Fungal Air Testing
Locations – Ground Floor
N
Not to Scale
Sample #21204466
Sample #21204494
Sample #21204490
(Exterior)
Approved by:
Technical Manager
Dr. Kamashwaran Ramanathan
Report for:
Mr. Kenneth Pilgrim
RGA Environmental, Inc.
1466 66th Street
Emeryville, CA 94608
Regarding:
Project: R115 7066; CCSF/31 Gough Street/ San Francisco
EML ID: 1316742
All samples were received in acceptable condition unless noted in the Report Comments portion in the body of the report. Due to the nature of the analyses performed, field blank correction of results is not applied. The results relate only to the items tested. EMLab P&K ("the Company") shall have no liability to the client or the client's customer with respect to decisions or
recommendations made, actions taken or courses of conduct implemented by either the client or the client's customer as a result of or based upon the Test Results. In no event shall the Company be liable to the client with respect to the Test Results except for the Company's own willful misconduct or gross negligence nor shall the Company be liable for incidental or consequential damages or lost profits or revenues to the fullest extent such liability may be disclaimed by law, even if the Company has been advised of the possibility of such damages, lost profits or lost revenues. In no event shall the Company's liability with respect to the Test Results exceed the amount paid to the Company by the client therefor.
Dates of Analysis:
Spore trap analysis: 01-26-2015
Service SOPs: Spore trap analysis (EM-MY-S-1038) AIHA-LAP, LLC accredited service, Lab ID #102856
SPORE TRAP REPORT: NON-VIABLE METHODOLOGY
Location:
21204517:
Outside at Gough Street entrance
21204316:
Room 55
Comments (see below)
None
None
Lab ID-Version‡:
6009402-1
6009403-1
Analysis Date:
01/26/2015
01/26/2015
raw ct.
% read
spores/m3
raw ct.
% read
spores/m3
Ascospores
6
25
320
Basidiospores
27
25
1,400
Botrytis
2
100
27
Chaetomium
Cladosporium
28
25
1,500
1
25
53
Fusarium
Myrothecium
Nigrospora
Other brown
1
100
13
Other colorless
Penicillium/Aspergillus types†
6
25
320
2
25
110
Pithomyces
1
100
13
Rusts
Smuts, Periconia, Myxomycetes
1
100
13
Stachybotrys
Stemphylium
Torula
Ulocladium
Zygomycetes
Background debris (1-4+)††
3+
2+
Hyphal fragments/m3
27
< 13
Pollen/m3
27
< 13
Skin cells (1-4+)
< 1+
1+
Sample volume (liters)
75
75
§ TOTAL SPORES/m3
3,600
160
Comments:
Spore types listed without a count or data entry were not detected during the course of the analysis for the respective sample.
† The spores of Aspergillus and Penicillium (and others such as Acremonium, Paecilomyces) are small and round with very few distinguishing characteristics. They cannot be differentiated by non-viable sampling methods. Also, some species with very small spores are easily missed, and may be undercounted.
††Background debris indicates the amount of non-biological particulate matter present on the trace (dust in the air) and the resulting visibility for the analyst. It is rated from 1+ (low) to 4+ (high). Counts from areas with 4+ background debris should be regarded as minimal counts and may be higher then reported. It is important to account for samples volumes when evaluating dust levels.
The analytical sensitivity is the spores/m3 divided by the raw count. The limit of detection is the analytical sensitivity multiplied by the sample volume divided by 1000.
For more information regarding analytical sensitivity, please contact QA by calling the laboratory.
‡ A "Version" indicated by -"x" after the Lab ID# with a value greater than 1 indicates a sample with amended data. The revision number is reflected by the value of "x".
EMLab P&K
1150 Bayhill Drive, Suite 100, San Bruno, CA 94066
(866) 888-6653 Fax (650) 829-5852 www.emlab.com
Client: RGA Environmental, Inc.
C/O: Mr. Kenneth Pilgrim
Re: R115 7066; CCSF/31 Gough Street/ San
Francisco
Date of Sampling: 01-21-2015
Date of Receipt: 01-23-2015
Date of Report: 01-26-2015
SPORE TRAP REPORT: NON-VIABLE METHODOLOGY
Location:
21204297:
Corridor at entrance to 9C
21204494:
Room 31
Comments (see below)
None
None
Lab ID-Version‡:
6009404-1
6009405-1
Analysis Date:
01/26/2015
01/26/2015
raw ct.
% read
spores/m3
raw ct.
% read
spores/m3
Ascospores
3
25
160
Basidiospores
11
25
590
Botrytis
Chaetomium
Cladosporium
2
25
110
Fusarium
Myrothecium
Nigrospora
Other brown
1
100
13
Other colorless
Penicillium/Aspergillus types†
2
25
110
4
25
210
Pithomyces
Rusts
Smuts, Periconia, Myxomycetes
Stachybotrys
Stemphylium
Torula
Ulocladium
Zygomycetes
Background debris (1-4+)††
2+
2+
Hyphal fragments/m3
< 13
< 13
Pollen/m3
< 13
< 13
Skin cells (1-4+)
1+
1+
Sample volume (liters)
75
75
§ TOTAL SPORES/m3
230
960
Comments:
Spore types listed without a count or data entry were not detected during the course of the analysis for the respective sample.
† The spores of Aspergillus and Penicillium (and others such as Acremonium, Paecilomyces) are small and round with very few distinguishing characteristics. They cannot be differentiated by non-viable sampling methods. Also, some species with very small spores are easily missed, and may be undercounted.
††Background debris indicates the amount of non-biological particulate matter present on the trace (dust in the air) and the resulting visibility for the analyst. It is rated from 1+ (low) to 4+ (high). Counts from areas with 4+ background debris should be regarded as minimal counts and may be higher then reported. It is important to account for samples volumes when evaluating dust levels.
The analytical sensitivity is the spores/m3 divided by the raw count. The limit of detection is the analytical sensitivity multiplied by the sample volume divided by 1000.
For more information regarding analytical sensitivity, please contact QA by calling the laboratory.
‡ A "Version" indicated by -"x" after the Lab ID# with a value greater than 1 indicates a sample with amended data. The revision number is reflected by the value of "x".
SPORE TRAP REPORT: NON-VIABLE METHODOLOGY
Location:
21204466:
Cafeteria
21204490:
Outside at Gough Street entrance
Comments (see below)
None
None
Lab ID-Version‡:
6009406-1
6009407-1
Analysis Date:
01/26/2015
01/26/2015
raw ct.
% read
spores/m3
raw ct.
% read
spores/m3
Ascospores
2
25
110
6
25
320
Basidiospores
6
25
320
37
25
2,000
Botrytis
Chaetomium
Cladosporium
2
25
110
20
25
1,100
Fusarium
Myrothecium
Nigrospora
Other brown
2
100
27
Other colorless
Penicillium/Aspergillus types†
3
25
160
16
25
850
Pithomyces
Rusts
Smuts, Periconia, Myxomycetes
1
100
13
Stachybotrys
Stemphylium
Torula
Ulocladium
Zygomycetes
Background debris (1-4+)††
2+
3+
Hyphal fragments/m3
< 13
13
Pollen/m3
< 13
53
Skin cells (1-4+)
1+
< 1+
Sample volume (liters)
75
75
§ TOTAL SPORES/m3
690
4,300
Comments:
Spore types listed without a count or data entry were not detected during the course of the analysis for the respective sample.
† The spores of Aspergillus and Penicillium (and others such as Acremonium, Paecilomyces) are small and round with very few distinguishing characteristics. They cannot be differentiated by non-viable sampling methods. Also, some species with very small spores are easily missed, and may be undercounted.
††Background debris indicates the amount of non-biological particulate matter present on the trace (dust in the air) and the resulting visibility for the analyst. It is rated from 1+ (low) to 4+ (high). Counts from areas with 4+ background debris should be regarded as minimal counts and may be higher then reported. It is important to account for samples volumes when evaluating dust levels.
The analytical sensitivity is the spores/m3 divided by the raw count. The limit of detection is the analytical sensitivity multiplied by the sample volume divided by 1000.
For more information regarding analytical sensitivity, please contact QA by calling the laboratory.
‡ A "Version" indicated by -"x" after the Lab ID# with a value greater than 1 indicates a sample with amended data. The revision number is reflected by the value of "x".
EMLab P&K
1150 Bayhill Drive, Suite 100, San Bruno, CA 94066
(866) 888-6653 Fax (650) 829-5852 www.emlab.com
Client: RGA Environmental, Inc.
C/O: Mr. Kenneth Pilgrim
Re: R115 7066; CCSF/31 Gough Street/ San
Francisco
Date of Sampling: 01-21-2015
Date of Receipt: 01-23-2015
Date of Report: 01-26-2015
MoldRANGE™: Extended Outdoor Comparison
Outdoor Location: 21204517, Outside at Gough Street entrance
Fungi Identified
Outdoor
Typical Outdoor Data for:
Typical Outdoor Data for:
data
January in California† (n‡=15938)
The entire year in California† (n‡=213214) spores/m3 verylow
low
med
high
very highfreq % very
low
low
med
high
very highfreq %
Generally able to grow indoors*
Alternaria
-
13
13
20
40
67
36
13
13
27
63
100
53
Bipolaris/Drechslera group
-
7
13
13
27
27
7
7
13
13
27
48
12
Chaetomium
-
7
13
13
27
40
11
8
13
13
27
50
19
Cladosporium
1,500
110
160
480 1,200 2,000
96
110
210
610 1,700 2,800
97
Curvularia
-
7
13
13
13
27
3
7
13
13
27
53
6
Nigrospora
-
7
13
13
13
27
5
7
13
13
27
53
9
Other brown
13
13
13
13
38
53
31
13
13
13
40
53
34
Penicillium/Aspergillus types
320
53
110
240
640 1,000
85
53
100
210
600 1,000
84
Pithomyces
13
7
13
13
20
40
1
7
13
13
27
53
4
Stachybotrys
-
10
13
13
40
93
3
7
13
13
33
67
4
Torula
-
8
13
13
40
53
5
8
13
13
40
67
11
Seldom found growing indoors**
Ascospores
320
27
53
160
530 1,000
68
25
53
110
370
690
71
Basidiospores
1,400
53
110
440 2,100 4,500
93
53
80
250 1,000 2,300
93
Botrytis
27
13
13
20
50
73
17
13
13
20
53
80
17
Rusts
-
8
13
13
40
67
14
13
13
13
53
80
26
Smuts, Periconia, Myxomycetes
13
13
13
27
67
110
58
13
13
40
110
210
68
§ TOTAL SPORES/m3
3,600
†The 'Typical Outdoor Data' represents the typical outdoor spore levels for the location and time frame indicated. The last column represents the frequency of occurrence. The very low, low, med, high, and very high values represent the 10, 20, 50, 80, and 90 percentile values of the spore type when it is detected. For example, if the frequency of occurrence is 63% and the low value is 53, it would mean that the given spore type is detected 63% of the time and, when detected, 20% of the time it is present in levels above the detection limit and below 53 spores/m3. These values are updated periodically, and if enough data is not available to make a statistically meaningful assessment, it is indicated with a dash.
§ Total Spores/m3 has been rounded to two significant figures to reflect analytical precision.
* The spores in this category are generally capable of growing on wet building materials in addition to growing outdoors. Building related growth is dependent upon the fungal type, moisture level, type of material, and other factors. Cladosporium is one of the predominant spore types worldwide and is frequently present in high numbers. Penicillium/Aspergillus species colonize both outdoor and indoor wet surfaces rapidly and are very easily dispersed. Other genera are usually present in lesser numbers.
** These fungi are generally not found growing on wet building materials. For example, the rusts and smuts are obligate plant pathogens. However, in each group there are notable exceptions. For example, agents of wood decay are members of the basidiomycetes and high counts of a single morphological type of basidiospore on an inside sample should be considered significant.
‡n = number of samples used to calculate data.
Interpretation of the data contained in this report is left to the client or the persons who conducted the field work. This report is provided for informational and comparative purposes only and should not be relied upon for any other purpose. "Typical outdoor data" are based on the results of the analysis of samples delivered to and analyzed by EMLab P&K and assumptions regarding the origins of those samples. Sampling techniques, contaminants infecting samples, unrepresentative samples and other similar or dissimilar factors may affect these results. In addition, EMLab P&K may not have received and tested a representative number of samples for every region or time period. EMLab P&K hereby disclaims any liability for any and all direct, indirect, punitive, incidental, special or consequential damages arising out of the use or interpretation of the data contained in, or any actions taken or omitted in reliance upon, this report.
MoldRANGE™: Extended Outdoor Comparison
Outdoor Location: 21204490, Outside at Gough Street entrance
Fungi Identified
Outdoor
Typical Outdoor Data for:
Typical Outdoor Data for:
data
January in California† (n‡=15938)
The entire year in California† (n‡=213214) spores/m3 verylow
low
med
high
very highfreq % very
low
low
med
high
very highfreq %
Generally able to grow indoors*
Alternaria
-
13
13
20
40
67
36
13
13
27
63
100
53
Bipolaris/Drechslera group
-
7
13
13
27
27
7
7
13
13
27
48
12
Chaetomium
-
7
13
13
27
40
11
8
13
13
27
50
19
Cladosporium
1,100
110
160
480 1,200 2,000
96
110
210
610 1,700 2,800
97
Curvularia
-
7
13
13
13
27
3
7
13
13
27
53
6
Nigrospora
-
7
13
13
13
27
5
7
13
13
27
53
9
Other brown
27
13
13
13
38
53
31
13
13
13
40
53
34
Penicillium/Aspergillus types
850
53
110
240
640 1,000
85
53
100
210
600 1,000
84
Pithomyces
-
7
13
13
20
40
1
7
13
13
27
53
4
Stachybotrys
-
10
13
13
40
93
3
7
13
13
33
67
4
Torula
-
8
13
13
40
53
5
8
13
13
40
67
11
Seldom found growing indoors**
Ascospores
320
27
53
160
530 1,000
68
25
53
110
370
690
71
Basidiospores
2,000
53
110
440 2,100 4,500
93
53
80
250 1,000 2,300
93
Botrytis
-
13
13
20
50
73
17
13
13
20
53
80
17
Rusts
-
8
13
13
40
67
14
13
13
13
53
80
26
Smuts, Periconia, Myxomycetes
13
13
13
27
67
110
58
13
13
40
110
210
68
§ TOTAL SPORES/m3
4,300
†The 'Typical Outdoor Data' represents the typical outdoor spore levels for the location and time frame indicated. The last column represents the frequency of occurrence. The very low, low, med, high, and very high values represent the 10, 20, 50, 80, and 90 percentile values of the spore type when it is detected. For example, if the frequency of occurrence is 63% and the low value is 53, it would mean that the given spore type is detected 63% of the time and, when detected, 20% of the time it is present in levels above the detection limit and below 53 spores/m3. These values are updated periodically, and if enough data is not available to make a statistically meaningful assessment, it is indicated with a dash.
§ Total Spores/m3 has been rounded to two significant figures to reflect analytical precision.
* The spores in this category are generally capable of growing on wet building materials in addition to growing outdoors. Building related growth is dependent upon the fungal type, moisture level, type of material, and other factors. Cladosporium is one of the predominant spore types worldwide and is frequently present in high numbers. Penicillium/Aspergillus species colonize both outdoor and indoor wet surfaces rapidly and are very easily dispersed. Other genera are usually present in lesser numbers.
** These fungi are generally not found growing on wet building materials. For example, the rusts and smuts are obligate plant pathogens. However, in each group there are notable exceptions. For example, agents of wood decay are members of the basidiomycetes and high counts of a single morphological type of basidiospore on an inside sample should be considered significant.
‡n = number of samples used to calculate data.
Interpretation of the data contained in this report is left to the client or the persons who conducted the field work. This report is provided for informational and comparative purposes only and should not be relied upon for any other purpose. "Typical outdoor data" are based on the results of the analysis of samples delivered to and analyzed by EMLab P&K and assumptions regarding the origins of those samples. Sampling techniques, contaminants infecting samples, unrepresentative samples and other similar or dissimilar factors may affect these results. In addition, EMLab P&K may not have received and tested a representative number of samples for every region or time period. EMLab P&K hereby disclaims any liability for any and all direct, indirect, punitive, incidental, special or consequential damages arising out of the use or interpretation of the data contained in, or any actions taken or omitted in reliance upon, this report.
01-26-2015: R115 7066
EMLab P&K
1150 Bayhill Drive, Suite 100, San Bruno, CA 94066
(866) 888-6653 Fax (650) 829-5852 www.emlab.com
Note: Graphical output may understate the importance of certain "marker" genera.
Comments:
Ascospores
Basidiospores
Botrytis
Cladosporium
Other brown
Penicillium/Aspergillus types
Pithomyces
Smuts, Periconia, Myxomycetes
Note: Graphical output may understate the importance of certain "marker" genera.
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Photo #1 Moisture Staining at Ceiling in Cafeteria
Photo #2 Moisture Staining and Delamination in Corridor off Gough Street
Photo #3 Moisture Staining in Corridor off Gough Street
Photo #4 Moisture Staining and Visible Mold Growth at Ceiling on Room 31
Photo #5 Moisture Staining at Ceiling in Room 55