Software Testing part2

Software Testing

•

_{Testing is a process of}

_{executing a}

Types of Testing

• _{Manual Testing}

Manual Testing

• _{Manual testing is the process of manually}

testing software for defects.

• _{It requires a tester to play the role of an end}

Drawbacks of Manual Testing

• _{Time consuming.}

• _{More resources required.} • _{Human Errors}

• _{Repetition of the Task} • _Tiredness

• _{Simultaneous auctions are not possible}

Automation Testing

• _{Automation testing is an Automatic technique}

where the tester writes scripts by own and uses suitable software to test the software.

• _{Automation testing uses automation tools to}

write and execute test cases, no manual

Validation

&

Validation

• _{The process of evaluating the final product to}

check whether the software meets the customer expectations and requirements.

• _{Validation: "Is the right software being}

Verification

• _{Verification is the process of confirming if the}

software is meeting the business requirements.

• _{Verification: ”Is the software being developed in}

Black-box testing

&

Black-box testing

• _{It is carried out to test functionality of the}

program.

• _{It is also called ‘Behavioral’ testing.}

• _{if the output matches with the desired results,}

Black-box testing

•

_{In this testing method,}

_{the design}

White-box testing

• _{It is conducted to test program and its}

implementation, in order to improve code

efficiency or structure.

• _{It is also known as ‘Structural’ testing.}

• _{In this testing method, the design and}

Organizing for software testing

or

Software

testing strategy

• _{The ITG is part of the software development}

project team in the sense that it becomes

Unit Testing

• _{It begins at the vortex of the spiral and}

concentrates on each unit of the software as implemented in source code.

• _{It falls under the class of white box testing.}

• _{It is often done by the programmer to test that}

Integration testing

• _{Integration testing is a testing in which a group of components}

are combined to produce output.

• _{Also, the interaction between software and hardware is tested}

in integration testing if software and hardware components have any relation.

• _{It may fall under both white box testing and black box testing.}

• _{In integration testing the focus is on design and the}

Validation Testing

• _{Validation testing where requirements established}

as part of software requirements analysis are

validated against the software that has been constructed.

• _{Validation testing provides final assurance that}

software needs all functional, behavioral and performance requirements.

• _{Black-box testing techniques are used exclusively}

System Testing

• _{System Testing is a black box testing technique}

performed to evaluate the complete system against specified requirements.

• _{In System testing, the functionalities of the}

Path Testing

• _{In software testing, there are many paths}

between the entry and exit of a software program.

• _{The method was first proposed by McCabe in}

1980's.

• _{Path testing is designed to execute all or}

Below are the steps of this technique:

• _{Draw a control flow graph.}

• _{Determine Cyclomatic complexity.} • _{Find a basis set of paths.}

Step 1: Draw a control flow graph

On a control flow graph, we can see that:

_{Arrows or edges represent flows of}

control.

_{Circles or nodes represent actions.} Areas bounded by edges and nodes are called regions.

Step 2: Determine Cyclomatic complexity

• _{Cyclomatic complexity is a software metric}

used to indicate the complexity of a program.

• _{There are several different methods to}

1. Cyclomatic complexity =

edges - nodes + 2p

2. Cyclomatic complexity= Number of

Predicate Nodes + 1

3. Cyclomatic complexity =number of regions

in the control flow graph

Step 3: Find a basis set of paths

• _{The Cyclomatic complexity tells us the number}

In the example, we

have 3 paths,

and our basis set of

paths is:

Path 1

: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7.

Path 2

: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7.

Step 4: Generate test cases for each path

• _{After determining the basis set of path, we can}

generate the test case for each path.

• _{Usually we need at least one test case to cover}

one path.

• _{In the example, however, Path 3 is already}

Graph matrix:

• _{Graph matrix is used to develop software tool that in}

turn helps in carrying 'out basis path testing.

• _{It is defined as a data structure used to represent the}

flow graph of a program in a tabular form.

• _{This matrix is also used to evaluate the control} structures present in the program during testing.

• _{Graph matrix is a square matrix of the size NxN,}