Forage crops variety testing 1980

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Prepared by Dorsey W. Daniel, J. Paul Mueller and James T. Green Crop Science Extension Specialists

Published by

THE NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE

North Carolina State University at Raleigh, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University at Greensboro, and the U. S. Departmenl of Agriculture, Cooperating. State University Station, Raleigh, N. C., T. C. Blalock, Director. Distributed In furtherance of the Acts of Congresa of May 8 and June 30,1914. The North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service offers its programs to ail eligible persons regardless of race, color, or national origin, and Is an equal opportunity employer.

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Page

INTRODUCTION

Name and Addresses of Cooperators and Extension Staff

Map of Test Locations

Geographical Information on 1979 Test Sites

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

WINTER ANNUAL FORAGES

Agencies Sponsoring Entries

Results and Discussion

Piedmont, Rowan County Location

1

3

4

5

6

7

9

11

Dry Forage Yields ...•...•... 13

Crude Protein Percent and Pounds Per Acre •... 14

Piedmont Long-Term Averages of Dry Forage Yield and

Protein . . . . .. . .. . . .. •.. •.. .•. . . .. .•• .. .•. •.•.•. 15

Coastal Plain, Lenoir County Location

Dry Forage Yields ...•...•.•••....•...•... 16

Crude Protein Percent and Pounds Per Acre .•...••....• 17

Coastal Plain Long-Term Averages of Dry Forage Yield

and Protein . . . • . . • • . . . • . . . . • . • • • • . . . • . . . . • . . 18

Brassica, Vetches and Lupines Dry Forage Yields 19

Brassica and Vetches Crude Protein Percent and

Pounds per Acre • . . . • . . • . . . • . . . • . . . • . . . 20

SUMMER ANNUAL FORAGES 21

Agencies Sponsoring Entries •...•..•.•.•....••..• 22

Results and Discussion

Piedmont, Rowan County Location

23

25

Dry Forage Yields ...•...• 25

Crude Protein Percent and Pounds Crude Protein

Per Acre .•.. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . 26

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Piedmont Long-Term Averages of Dry Forage Yield and

Crude Protein ....•.••.•••...•.• • • . • • . . • . . • • • • . . • • . • . . . • . 27

Stem Diameter in Inches and Percent Leaves

Coastal Plain, Pasquotank County Location

28

Dry Forage Yield .•.•••.•••.•••••••••.•.•.•••••••••••. 29 Crude Protein Percent and Pounds Crude Protein

Per Acre .••.•.•••••. ••• .•••.••.. •••. •• •••.•••.•••• 30

Coastal Plain Long-Term Averages of Dry Forage Yield and Crude Prote in • . . • • • • . • . • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • . • . • • • • 31

Stem Diameter in Inches and Percent Leaves Combined Locations, Stem Diameter in Inches

PERENNIAL FORAGES

Agencies Sponsoring Entries

Results and Discussion, Perennial Legumes

Results and Discussion, Perennial Grasses

Dry Forage Yields

32 33

34

36

39

41

Scotland County, Dry Forage Yields, Alfalfa ••••.••••• 42 Rockingham County, Dry Forage Yields, Alfalfa •••••••• 43

Rowan County, Dry Forage Yields, Alfalfa ••••••••••••• 44

Haywood County, Dry Forage Yields, Alfalfa ••••••.••.• 45 Rockingham County, Dry Forage Yields, Ladino Clover 46 Scotland County, Dry Forage Yields, Red Clover 47 Rockingham County, Dry Forage Yields, Red Clover 48 Rockingham County, Dry Forage Yields, Tall Fescue 49 Rockingham County, Dry Forage Yields, Orchard Grass 50 Haywood County, Dry Forage Yields, Timothy •.••••.•••• 51 Haywood County, Dry Forage Yields, Smooth Brome 52

LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES

APPENDIX TABLES

53

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INTRODUCTION

EVALUATION OF FORAGE CROP VARIETIES IN NORTH CAROLINA

New forage varieties and hybrids are constantly being released from public

and private sources. In addition, forage breeders are continually interested

in testing experimentals under a variety of growing conditions. In order to

determine adaptability and productivity, it is necessary that these forages

be tested under North Carolina growing conditions. The purpose of this

publication is to present comparative data on forages tested in North Carolina.

The varieties tested are classed into three major groups: winter annuals

(such as rye, wheat, oats, barley, ryegrass and legumes); summer annuals (such

as sorghum-sudangrass hybrids, pearl millet and sudangrass); and perennial

forages (such as alfalfa, ladino clover, red clover, orchardgrass and tall

fescue). All varieties are managed on a multiple-cut system with most varieties

being clipped three or more times to simulate, as nearly as possible,

rotational grazing or haying conditions. Silage information is not included

in this publication.

Since yield is considered one of the major factors in comparing forages,

dry forage yields are reported for all entries tested. Crude protein is

reported for annual species.

Weather-gathering instruments are often not available at the exact test

sites. Climatological data are presented from stations nearest a given test

and are listed in the appendix. In most cases reporting stations are

relatively close to the tests.

Experimental lines are sponsored through the USDA-SEA-AR, state agricultural

experiment stations and privately owned companies. These lines are not available

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2

basis, whether they are experimental lines or varieties offered for sale in

North Carolina. The Crop Science Department, N. C. State University reserves

the right to enter proven varieties to be used as standards, or other varieties

of interest. All varieties are from certified sources or from sources which

would be able to verify origin. This gives assurance as to the purity of the

entries tested and results reported here could likely be reproduced.

Annual forage tests are conducted on private farms as well as state

experiment stations. Cooperators and locations for 1979 trials are listed

in Table 1. The Forage Variety Testing Program expresses appreciation to

these individuals and to the county extension agents and their staffs for

assistance in conducting these tests.

Statistical analyses and most other computations are made in the

Statistical Laboratory and Computing Center at North Carolina State University.

Supervision of these operations is by Dr. John O. Rawlings and Mrs. Sandra

Donaghy.

Nitrogen analyses are conducted by the Department of Soil Science,

Analytical Service Laboratory at N. C. State University under the supervision

of Drs. C. B. McCants, W. P. Robarge and Ms. Beverly Johnson.

Appreciation is extended to all the above groups for their cooperation

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Table 1. Names and addresses of cooperators in 1979 North Carolina Forage Variety Trials.

Name

Clyde Z. McSwain

S. T. Barnes

Summer Annual Forages

Ike Jackson

Clyde Z. McSwain

Perennial Forages

Clyde Z. McSwain

J. R. Edwards

Howell Gentry

H. B. Hardee

Address

Piedmont Research Station Salisbury, N. C.

Rowan County

Lower Coastal Plain Tobacco Research Station Kinston, N. C.

Lenoir County

Elizabeth City, N. C. Pasquotank County

Rowan County

Mountain Research Station Waynesville, N. C. Haywood County

Upper Piedmont Research Station Reidsville, N. C.

McNair Farms Laurinburg, N. C. Scotland County

Extension Agent or

Experiment Station Personnel

David Hall

Donald Baker Extension Agent

David Hall

B. C. Allison Extension Agent R. L. Davis Extension Agent

Warren Bailey Extension Agent Scott Shoulars Extension Agent

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• WINTER ANNUAL GRASSES

•

SUMMER ANNUAL GRASSES

•

PERENNIAL GRASSES .. ALFALFA

A

HHITE AND RED CLOVERS

FIGURE 1 - LOCATIONS OF 1979 FORAGE VARIETY TESTS

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Crop Perennial Forages Summer Annuals Winter Annuals Perennial Forages Perennial Forages Winter Annuals Perennial Forages Summer Annuals Winter Annuals Location

Piedmont Research Station Salisbury, North Carolina Central Piedmont, Rowan County Approx. Elev. 825 feet

Mountain Research Station Waynesville, North Carolina Southern Mountains

Haywood County

Approx. Elev. 2650 feet.

Upper Piedmont Research Sta. Reidsville, North Carolina Upper Piedmont

Rockingham County Approx. Elev. 890 feet.

McNair Farms

Laurinburg, North Carolina Coastal Plain

Scotland County Approx. Elev. 115

Ike Jackson Farm Elizabeth City, N. C. Tidewater

Pasquotank County Approx. Elev. 10 feet.

Lower Coastal Plain Tobacco Research Station Kinston, North Carolina Coastal Plain

Lenoir County

Approx. Elev. 90 feet

Soil

Davidson-Mecklenburg Association Dark red clay loam soil with firm red clay, thick subsoil

Halewood-Hayesville Association Gray-brown loam with red friable clay subsoil.

Appling-Cecil Association Sandy clay loam surface soil with red, firm clay subsoil.

Norfolk Association

Light-gray, sandy loam surface soil with reddish-brown friable sandy clay loam subsoil

Lenoir Association Very fine, dark brown friable sandy loam with heavy clay subsoil

Craven Association Light-gray sandy loam

surface soil with reddish-yellow, tough clay subsoil.

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6

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

Generally accepted research techniques for small-plot experiments were

employed on all tests. Cultural practices were in accord with sound research

techniques. Fertilization, seeding rates, dates and other cultural information

of a given test are listed with the table which gives dry matter yields by

harvests for that test.

The experimental design used for all tests was a randomized complete block

with five replications. Plot dimensions were 20 feet long and 2 1/2 feet wide,

with the exception of 2 3/4 foot plots for summer annuals and 5 foot plots for

ladino clover. Blocks were separated by not less than 2 1/2 feet and all tests

were bordered by material either identical or comparable to that included in

the test.

In tests which included different species with major differences in

seasonal productivity, borders were maintained between species.

All plots except ladino clover contained three rows nine inches apart.

Seeding was accomplished with a push-type Planet Jr. Seeder which was calibrated

for each entry. Ladino clover was seeded by hand.

Seeding rates for all tests conducted were adjusted to 100 % germination

based on a germination test conducted just prior to planting.

Seeding dates for various tests are shown on tables which show seasonal

yields for a given test. In general, perennials and winter annuals were seeded

in September while summer annuals were seeded in May.

Standard practices were employed in seed bed preparation.

The machine used to harvest plots was a self-propelled, flail-knife chopper

designed specifically for small plot work. Wheels of the machine were spaced

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alfalfa, 3; other perennials and winter annual grasses, 2 1/2; and summer annual

grasses, 6.

Harvesting procedure included drying either the whole plot sample or a

subsample from all plots. Subsampling was necessary in some cases due to the

bulk of material being handled and a shortage of drying space. vJhen subsamples

were used, all the plots in the test were subsampled.

Samples were dried in a forced air drier at 1300 Fahrenheit. Moisture

remaining in the samples was determined to be from 5 to 9%.

Extreme variations did not exist within separate harvests and no attempt was

made to standardize dry weight yields to a constant moisture level. Thus the

term "dry forage" as stated in the tables refers to over-dry forage containing

5-9% moisture.

Nitrogen determinations for annual forages were made on each entry from

samples composited from five replications of each harvest. Nitrogen was

determined by Kjeldahl procedure and crude protein was calculated from percent

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8

WINTER ANNUAL FORAGES

Small grains and ryegrass are an important part of the winter feeding

program on many North Carolina farms. Winter annuals can be of particular

importance in supplying supplemental energy and protein for silage or hay-fed

animals. Maximum production of winter annual grasses occurs in the early

spring when feed supplies are generally short; therefore, farmers should

consider the suitability of small grain or ryegrass or a mixture of the two

in their feed program.

Seasonal yield should be considered before m~kingany decision on varieties or

species. Rye is generally earlier in spring forage production and in termination

of growth than ryegrass. Therefore, rye is better suited to a double-cropping

program than ryegrass. Ryegrass usually produces more forage than rye during

late April and the month of May.

Ryegrass may become a pest since it volunteers readily, especially in

the Piedmont when it is used in rotation with the small grains or alfalfa.

Infestation by ryegrass in small grains, alfalfa and cultivated crops has

frequently been a problem in the past; however, herbicides can now be used

effectively to reduce this problem in alfalfa. Refer to the latest North

Carolina Pesticide Manual for specific information. Wheat and barley appear

to be more valuable as silages than for grazing. Winter oats are often grown

with crimson clover for hay; however, growing winter oats is always uncertain

due to the possibility of winter kill.

Winter annual clovers such as crimson, arrowleaf and subterranean may

become important components of annual pastures in the future. Their ability

to supply significant amounts of nitrogen to grazing animals and subsequent

crops is noteworthy, especially as nitrogen costs increase. Clovers also add

quality to pure grass pastures. Sponsoring agencies for the winter annual

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Table 3. Name, address and variety designation of agencies sponsoring winter annual entries in the 1979 trials.

Name

Gurley Milling Company

North American Plant Breeders

N. C. Agricultural Extension Service

Pennington Grain and Seed, Inc.

Pickseed West, Inc.

Northrup King Company

Acco Seed

Address

Selma

North Carolina

Box 586

Hutchinson, Kansas

Raleigh North Carolina

Box 290

Madison, Georgia

P.

o.

Box 888 Tangent, Oregon

1500 Jackson St., N.E. Minneapolis, Minn.

P. O. Box 1630 Plainview, Texas

Cultivar Designation

Gurley Grazer 2000 Rye Gurley GI 75 Rye Gurley Abruzzi Rye

NAPB SR80 Rye

NAPB Meritra Ryegrass NAPB R150 Ryegrass NAPB Sunbelt Ryegrass NAPB R146 Ryegrass

McNair 1813 Wheat Boone Barley Clayton Barley Carolee Oats Salem Oats Gulf Ryegrass

Yucchi Arrowleaf Clover Dixie Crimson Clover

Mt. Barker Subterranean Clover Amclo Arrowleaf Clover

Coker 757 Wheat McNair 4823 Wheat Coker 227 Oats

Tallarook Subterranean Clover Meechee Arrowleaf Clover Dwarf Essex Rape

Purple Top Turnip Seven Top Turnip Curled Siberian Kale Southern Collards

Wintergrazer 70 Rye Penploid-4 Ryegrass

Felopa (Fescue x Ryegrass)

Tetrablend 120 Ryegrass Tetrablend 444 Ryegrass

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Table 3.

10

(Continued) Name, address and variety designation of agencies

sponsoring winter annual entries in the 1979 trials.

Name

USDA Pasture Laboratory

Auburn University

Southern Region Plant Introduction Station

Address

University Park Pennsylvania

Auburn, Alabama

Experiment, Georgia

Fora Rape Perko Rape

Marko Stubble Turnip Gruner Kale

Doon Major Swede N.Z. Green Globe Turnip N.Z. York Globe Turnip Sirius Turnip

Nova II Vetch Vangard Vetch Cahaba White Vetch Hairy Vetch Vantage Vetch

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

II

FVT 165- (Tables 4, 5. 6)

In general, the improved ryegrass varieties yielded the most and oats

the least, Table 4. The ryegrasses made less than 20% of their growth during

fall and winter prior to March 20 as compared to more than 40% for rye and

20% for barley and wheat. Rye usually yields more than the other small grains

but barley did significantly better in 1979, especially in late March and April.

Several of the improved ryegrasses yielded about 2,000 pounds more total

forage than Gulf with large differences in the cooler part of the growing year.

In December,winter injury and percent frost burn were estimated at about 50%

for Gulf but less than 10% for other entries.

In March, stand ratings indicated at least 20% loss of stand due to winter

kill for the following varieties: Gulf and Felopa ryegrasses, Salem oats, and

all of the clovers. Some of the poor clover stands were attributed to poor

establishment the previous fall and not to winter damage.

Annual clover yields appear low but would contribute significantly to

the yearly production and quality of overseeded warm season pastures.

The crude protein content of the winter annuals varied considerably but

was always more than adequate to meet animal requirements. As the plants

near the end of their life cycle, May-June, quality declines because of the

increased amount of stalk and stem growth in the forage. It is good to have

an idea about protein value; but it is evident that available forage,

especi-ally in late fall and winter, is the primary reason for selecting a particular

variety or culture.

Table 6 presents data for several varieties which were tested in 1977,

1978 and 1979 in the Piedmont Region of North Carolina. Note that the tests

were in different locations in each of the three years. The data confirm

that rye or barley were the highest yielding small grains and that the improved

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ryegrasses are significantly better than Gulf.

FVT 166 (Tables 7, 8, 9)

In Lenoir County, the ryegrasses and rye yielded the most and wheat and

oats the least. In contrast to the Rowan test, Gulf was one of the most productive

varieties. The rye varieties gave the most fall and winter growth and the

rye-grasses the least.

The clovers appeared to yield more in the Coastal Plain soil than the

Piedmont. Yields of arrowleaf and cromson were similar to wheat, oats and

some of the ryegrasses which-were in contrast to the low relative yields in

Rowan County.

The subterranean clover yields are biased unfavorably because of harvesting

management. Under grazing conditions, differences between sub and the other

clovers probably would not be as large.

In November, 1978, many legumes were still germinating with the following

estimated stands: Tallarook - 60-90%; Yucchi - 10-80%; Amclo - 30-100%;

Meechee - 10-90%; and Mt. Barker - 50-100%.

FVT 170 (Tables 10, 11)

The fall production of brassicatops was fairly good, especially for the

rape and turnip entries. The kale, swedes, and collards were not very productive

in fall or spring. However, the Calder swede never really became well established.

The roots contributed considerably to the yields of several turnips and Doon

Major SNede.

There was very little fall growth of vetches and lupines and stands averaged

about 40-60%, and germination was still occurring in mid-November. By March 1,

1979. stands for lupines, Hairy and Vangard vetches were about 75%, Vantage 65%,

Nova II and' Cahaba White about 50%. Hairy vetch gave the most yield and Vantage the

least. The four new vetches are not considered as winter hardy as Hairy by the

Alabama researchers who released them which may account for some of the differences

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Table 4 FVT 165 Winter annual forages, dry forage yields. Piedmont, Rowan County, North Carolina - 1979

Pounds Per Acre Dry Forage

Yie1d~/

Entry

Tetrab1end 120 Ryegrass Boone Barley

NAPB Meritra Ryegrass Clayton Barley NAPB Sunbe1t Ryegrass NAPB R146 Ryegrass Tetrab1end 444 Ryegrass Coker 747 Wheat

NAPB SR80 Rye NAPB R150 Ryegrass Wintergrazer 70 Rye Gurley Grazer 2000 Rye McNair 4823 Wheat Gurley GI 75 Rye McNair 1813 Wheat Gurley Abruzzi Rye Coker 227 Oats Caro1ee Oats Fe10pa Ryegrass Gulf Ryegrass Salem Oats

Mean of Test -L. S. D. ( .05)

( .01)

Clovers

Dixie Crimson Meechee Arrow1eaf Amc10 Arrow1eaf Ta11arook Sub.

l:../

Mt. Barker Sub.l/ Yucchi Arrow1eaf

Mean of Test

L.S.D. (.05) ( .01) 12/14 391 739 446 894 499 83 255 298 1351 120 628 1144 284 1256 476 1102 129 748 41 74 411 541 216 287 3/20 427 1152 506 769 512 305 280 1043 1586 331 1778 1321 1048 1251 1016 990 300 354 286 264 343 755 173 230 Harvest Dates 4/12 1990 2734 1873 2619 1742 1606 1426 2793 1731 1367 1994 1890 2262 1558 2048 1505 1419 912 720 860 873 1710 236 313 865 865 N.S. N.S. 4/23 1490 267 1320 371 1071 1216 1203 322 575 1196 551 503 432 514 340 463 1049 953 839 1025 921 792 163 216 1306 242 304 319 368 115 442 201 274 5/23 3706 2813 3314 2424 3013 3604 3448 1876 1077 3253 959 1038 1723 1024 1551 1281 2325 2207 2972 2617 2096 2301 278 368 1820 3565 3187 2526 1995 2122 2536 916 1250 Total 8004 7705 7458 7077 6837 6813 6612 6332 6320 6266 5909 5897 5750 5603 5430 5342 5224 5174 4858 4840 4646 6099 538 713 3991 3807 3490 2845 2362 2237 3123 1002 1367

l/A f f0 10 0

- Nerage 0 1ve rep 1cat10ns.

Seeded September 15, 1978 at rate of: Rye - 2 bu/acre, Wheat - 3 bu/acre,

Oats - 2 bu/acre, Barley - 2 bu/acre, Ryegrass - 40 1bs/acre, Clovers - 20 1bs/acre Fertilization - At seeding: 10 1bs/acre N, 60 1bs/acre P20S and 60 1bs/acre K

20 September 27, 1978 - 30 Ibs/acre N, December 14, 1978 - 40 1bs/acre N.

March 20, 1979 - 50 1bs/acre N, April 11, 1979 - 50 1bs/acre N Clovers received no N other than at seeding.

2/ 1 i .

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Table 5 FVT 165 Winter annual forages, percent and pounds per acre crude protein. Piedmont, Rowan County, North Carolina - 1979

Percent and Pounds Per Acre Crude Protein

11

Harvest Dates

12/14 3120 4/12 4/23 5/23 Average Total

Entry % Lbs , % 1bs. % 1bs. % Lbs . % 1bs. % 1bs.

Boone Barley 31.0 229 26.4 305 22.9 625 25.8 69 13.7 385 20.9 1613

Clayton Barley 31.3 279 26.6 204 23.3 611 23.0 85 14.2 344 21.5 1523

Tetrab1end 120 Ryegrass 28.7 112 23.9 102 21.7 432 22.6 336 12.6 466 18.1 1448

NAPB Meritra Ryegrass 28.4 127 21.5 109 26.1 488 22.2 293 12.2 404 19.0 1420

NAPB SR80 Rye 29.4 398 22.4 356 21.3 369 21.6 124 12.6 135 21.9 1382

NAPB Sunbe1t Ryegrass 27.4 137 22.2 114 30.7 534 22.2 238 11.5 347 20.0 1369

Gurley Grazer 2000 Rye 30.6 350 23.0 304 23.2 438 21.9 110 12.8 133 22.6 1335

Wintergrazer 70 Rye 28.1 177 23.6 419 22.7 454 22.9 126 13.7 132 22.1 1307

Coker 747 Wheat 27.5 82 24.0 250 22.3 623 23.2 75 13.3 250 20.2 1280

I--'

Gurley GI 75 Rye 28.9 363 21.1 263 24.0 374 22.4 115 11.7 120 22.0 1235

+:--Tetrab1end 444 Ryegrass 30.0 77 23.4 65 28.0 399 24.1 289 11.5 397 18.5 1227

McNair 4823 Wheat 25.6 73 26.4 277 23.2 526 22.9 99 14.2 244 21.2 1219

Gurley Abruzzi Rye 29.2 322 21.8 216 23.7 358 21.2 98 15.0 192 22.2 1186

NAPB Rl50 Ryegrass 29.0 35 25.3 84 28.2 385 23.3 279 12.2 398 18.8 1181

McNair 1813 Wheat 23.8 113 29.1 296 22.7 465 21.6 74 13.6 210 21.3 1158

NAPB R146 Ryegrass 26.7 22 24.6 75 22.8 366 24.4 297 10.9 392 16.9 1152

Caro1ee Oats 26.7 200 27.6 98 26.4 240 21.7 207 13.1 290 20.0 1035

Salem Oats 28.4 117 29.4 101 26.3 230 22.1 204 13.9 292 20.3 944

Fe10pa Ryegrass 20.7 8 22.9 66 30.2 217 24.4 204 14.9 442 19.3 938

Coker 227 Oats 28.0 36 26.2 79 22.9 326 18.0 189 12.7 296 17.7 926

Gulf Ryegrass 30.7 23 24.3 64 23.9 205 23.2 238 10.4 273 16.6 804

Mean of Test 26.2 156 24.5 183 24.6 413 22.6 179 12.9 292 20.0 1223

Clover

Dixie Crimson 25.8 223 20.4 266 13.5 246 18.4 735

Meechee Arrow1eaf 22.7 55 17.0 606 17.4 661

Amc10 Arrowleaf 22.7 69 15.6 496 16.1 565

Tal1arook Sub. 27.1 86 17.6 444 18.6 530

Mt. Barker Sub. 24.1 88 16.9 338 18.1 426

Yucchi Arrowleaf 21.2 24 16.7 355 16.9 380

Mean of Test 25.8 223 23.0 98 16.2 414 17.6 550

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Table 6 Winter annual forages, long-term averages of dry forage yield and crude protein. Piedmont, North Carolina.

Dry Forage Yie1d!/ and Crude

Protei~/in

Pounds Per Acre

1977

1./

1978

i/

1979~./ Average

Forage Crude Forage Crude Forage Crude Forage Crude

Entry Yield Protein Yield Protein Yield Protein Yield Protein

Tetrab1end 120 Ryegrass 8004 1448

Boone Barley 3198 505 5305 1272 7705 1613 5403 1130

NAPB Meritra Ryegrass 2475 447 4625 980 7458 1420 4853 949

Clayton Barley 3071 489 5235 1156 7077 1523 5128 1056

NAPB Sunbe1t Ryegrass 6837 1369

NAPB R146 Ryegrass 6813 1152

Coker 747 Wheat 6332 1280

NAPB SR80 Rye 6320 1382

Wintergrazer 70 Rye 5909 1307

Gurley Grazer 2000 Rye 4072 641 6081 1420 5897 1335 5350 1132

McNair 4823 Wheat 5750 1219

Gurley GI 75 Rye 4684 770 5667 1273 5603 1235 5318 10926

McNair 1813 Wheat 2857 448 4265 907 5430 1158 4184 838

Gurley Abruzzi Rye 4690 790 6783 1486 5342 1186 5605 1154

Coker 227 Oats 5224 926

Caro1ee Oats 2212 352 1929 490 5174 1035 3105 626

Fe10pa Ryegrass 5370 1014 4858 938 5114 976

Gulf Ryegrass 2925 468 2468 539 4840 804 3411 604

Salem Oats 1701 274 1496 416 4646 944 2614 545

Clovers

Dixie Crimson 3991 735

Meechee Arrow1eaf 3807 661

Amc10 Arrow1eaf 3490 ~65

Ta11arook Sub. 2845 530

Mt. Barker Sub. 1281 2362 426 1822

Yucchi Arrow1eaf 1958 2237 380 2098

l/Average of five replications.

~/Composite

of five replications.

31

- Caswell County.

~/Rockingham

County.

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Table 7

16

FVT 166 Hinter annual forages, dry forage yields. Coastal Plain, Lenoir County, North Carolina - 1979

Pounds Per Acre Dry Forage Yields

1/

Entry 11/22

NAPB R150 Ryegrass 100

Gulf Ryegrass 109

NAPB R146 Ryegrass 147 Tetrablend 120 Ryegrass 196 NAPB Meritra Ryegrass 345 NAPB Sunbelt Ryegrass 248 Tetrab1end 444 Ryegrass 157 Penp10id 4 Ryegrass 102

WR 811 Rye 918

NAPB SR-80 Rye 746

Wintergrazer 70 Rye 687

Gurley GI 75 Rye 824

Gurley Grazer 2000 Rye 884 Gurley Abruzzi Rye 828

Boone Barley 429

Coker 747 Wheat 381

Fe10pa Ryegrass

Clayton Barley 447

Caro1ee Oats 338

Salem Oats 237

Coker 227 Oats

McNair 1813 Wheat 445

McNair 4823 Wheat 429

Mean of Test 428

L.S.D. (.05) 151

(.01) 200 Clovers 3/16 1091 965 720 526 724 931 667 774 2037 2083 1797 2009 2107 1746 983 566 156 848 1100 1122 1133 1347 733 1138 323 428 Harvest Dates 3/22 4/10 1671 2060 1711 1746 1594 1632 1771 1801 1547 1629 1826 1445 1305 1237 2633 2060 1164 2348 1554 1399 2114 1392 1451 1700 295 390 4/24 1123 848 1253 1557 1573 1279 1047 1056 195 180 149 202 233 263 78 155 1389 63 287 263 195 97 150 593 208 275 5/21 2689 2408 2374 2150 1899 1954 2247 2141 1069 983 1106 833 711 1077 597 1548 1787 743 1153 1194 715 805 1232 1453 418 554 Total 6674 6390 6206 6176 6135 6045 5889 5874 5766 5621 5566 5314 5240 5151 4721 4710 4496 4449 4433 4214 4157 4087 3995 5274 619 820 Amc10 Arrowleaf Yucchi Arrowleaf Dixie Crimson Meechee Arrowlztf Tallarook Sub.- 2/ Mt. Barker

Sub.-Mean of Test

L.S .D. (.05) (.01) 614 994 804 N.S. N.S. 2221 1350 2338 1198 477 920 1417 635 866 204 723 124 789 889 631 560 334 456 2838 2164 771 2197 2208 1596 1962 572 780 5877 4237 4226 4184 3574 3147 4207 982 1339

l/A f f· 1 · ·

- verage 0 lve rep lcatlons.

Seeded September 29, 1978 at rate of: Rye - 2 bu/acre, Wheat - 3 bu/acre, Oats 2 bu/acre, Barley 2 bu/acre, Ryegrass 40 1bs/acre and Clovers -20 1b/acre

Fertlization: At seeding: 15 Ibs/acre N, 45 Ibs/acre P 0 and 90 1bs/acre K 0 October

25~

1978 - 25 Ibs/acre N, November 15, 1978 -

4021~s/acre

N. 2 March 1, 1979 - 50 Ibs/acre N, March 16, 1979 - 50 1bs/acre N,

C10yers re~eivedpo Nothe~ than at seeding~

(21)

Percent and Pounds Per Acre Crude Protein!1

Harvest Dates

11/22 3116 3/22 4/10 4/24 5/21 Average Total

Entry %~ % Lbs , % Lbs , % 1bs. % Lbs , % Lbs , % 1bs.

WR 811 Rye 27.7 255 20.2 412 13.0 201 22.2 43 8.7 94 17.4 1005

Gurley Grazer 2000 Rye 30.5 270 20.3 428 14.2 185 22.0 51 9.1 65 19.1 999

NAPB SR80 Rye 29.2 218 20.1 419 12.7 207 23..1 42 9.5 93 17.4 979

NAPB R150 Ryegrass 22.3 22 22.1 241 12.5 209 21.1 237 10.0 269 14.7 977

NAPB Meritra Ryegrass 27.6 95 21.2 154 13.4 214 17.6 277 11 .

.2

212 15.5 953

NAPB R146 Ryegrass 26.4 39 22.1 159 13.2 227 20.3 254 10.0 237 14.8 916

Gurley GI 75 Rye 27.9 230 18.6 373 13.3 192 20.1 41 9.6 80 17.2 916

Wintergrazer 70 Rye 28.9 199 20.0 359 11.3 207 23.7 35 10.4 115 16.5 915

Gurley Abruzzi Rye 27.4 227 20.3 355 12.4 154 22.8 60 9.9 106 17.5 902

NAPB Sunbe1t Ryegrass 27.4 68 21.1 197 12.1 198 19.5 249 9.6 188 14.9 900

Gulf Ryegrass 21.2 23 20.9 202 10.9 225 20.1 171 8.3 200 12.8 821

Penp10id 4 Ryegrass 23.9 24 22.7 176 11.9 215 17.6 185 7.5 161 13.0 761

Salem Oats 24.9 59 24.5 275 13.9 195 22.4 59 10.6 127 17.1 715 ~

Caro1ee Oats 26.7 90 21.6 238 13.4 209 19.6 56 10.4 120 16.1 713

Coker 747 Wheat 28.2 108 22.1 125 12.9 266 21.7 34 10.8 167 14.8 700

Boone Barley 27.6 119 22.7 223 10.5 276 18.2 14 11.3 67 14.8 700

Clayton Barley 29.7 133 23.9 203 10.6 249 19.9 12 11.9 89 15.4 686

Fe10pa Ryegrass 24.6 38 15.2 177 18.6 259 11.7 210 15.2 684

McNair 4823 ~~eat 26.2 113 21.9 161 14.4 210 20.7 31 13.2 162 16.9 677

McNair 1813 Wheat 27.7 123 19.4 261 12.4 173 21.7 21 11.1 90 16.3 668

Coker 227 Oats 21.1 239 10.4 219 19.1 37 12.2 87 14.0 582

Mean of Test 27.0 120 21.5 239 12.5 210 20.0 115 10.2 145 15.6 819

Clover

Amc10 Arrow1eaf 14.3 88 23.4 520 26.9 55 17.1 486 19.6 1149

Yucchi Arrow1eaf 28.7 387 27.2 197 17.1 269 22.5 954

Meechee Arrow1eaf 28.4 341 27.3 216 17.0 373 22.2 930

Ta11arook Sub. 29.3 140 27.7 247 20.2 447 23.3 834

Dixie Crimson 11.8 117 23.4 546 18.0 22 15.4 119 19.1 805

Mt. Barker Sub. 29.4 271 26,2 166 17,8 284 22.9 721

Mean of Test 13.1 103 27.1 368 25.6 150 17.4 347 21.6 899

(22)

18

Table 9 _{Winter annual forages, long-term averages of dry forage yield and crude protein.} Coastal Plain, North Carolina

Dry Forage Yie1a!/ and Crude

Protei~/in

Pounds Per Acre

1977

1/

1978

!!../

1979

II

_Average

Forage Crude Forage Crude Forage Crude Forage Crude

Entry Yield Protein Yield Protein Yield Protein Yield Protein

Gulf Ryegrass 3743 615 3086 454 6390 821 4406 630

NAPB Meritra Ryegrass 3176 550 2336 338 6135 953 3882 614

NAPB Sunbe1t Ryegrass 6045 900

Penp10id 4 Ryegrass 5874 761

WR 811 Rye 5766 1005

NAPB SR80 Rye 5621 979

Wintergrazer 70 Rye 4365 642 4305 670 5566 915 4745 742

Gurley GI 75 Rye 4420 668 3551 539 5314 916 4428 708

Gurley Grazer 2000 Rye 4047 736 4199 610 5240 999 4495 782

Gurley Abruzzi Rye 4246 678 4120 575 5151 902 4506 718

Boone Barley 2806 441 2126 338 4721 700 3218 493

Coker 747 Wheat 4710 700

Fe10pa Ryegrass 1966 290 4496 684 3231 487

Clayton Barley 3001 446 2562 390 4449 686 3337 507

Caro1ee Oats 2942 468 2133 306 4433 713 3169 496

Salem Oats 2501 423 2098 336 4214 715 2938 491

Coker 227 Oats 4157 582

McNair 1813 Wheat 3301 483 2234 363 4087 668 3207 505

McNair 4823 Wheat 3995 677

Clovers

Amc10 Arrow1eaf 5877 1149

Yucchi Arrow1eaf 3466 4237 954 3852

Dixie Crimson 4226 805

Meechee Arrow1eaf 4184 930

Ta11arook Sub. 3574 834

Mt. Barker Sub. 1527 3147 721 2337

l/Average of five replications.

llComposite of five replications.

31

- Sampson County • .!!./Pitt County.

5/L . C

(23)

Table 10 FVT 170 yields.

Winter annual forages--brassica~vetches and lupines, dry forage Coastal Plain, Lenoir County, North Carolina - 1979

Pounds Per Acre Dry Forage

Yie1d~/

Entry Brasicas 11/22 Leaves 3/22 Harvest Dates Roots

4/6 4/10 Total

Doon Major Swede N. Z. Green Globe Turnip N. Z. York Globe Turnip Purple Top Turnip Sirius Turnip Marko Stubble Turnip Perko Rape

Seven Top Turnip Dwarf Essex Rape Fora Rape Southern Collards Curled Siberian Kale Gruner Kale

N. Z. Calder Swede Mean of Test L.S.D. (.05) ( .01) 577 962 772 814 868 850 1064 976 817 942 88 539 409 744 166 222 385 1691 1248 1110 1108 683 N.S. 983 2234 1274 2243 1024 1309 901 1313 2187 1837 447 1086 513 457 1272 389 518 7179 4647 5028 4151 4057 3029 4682 1521 2074 8739 7843 7459 7208 5949 5188 3656 3537 3003 2779 1645 1625 922 457 4286 1239 1652

Vetch - Lupines

Hairy Vetch NovaI I Vetch Vangard Vetch Cahaba White Vetch Vantage Vetch Blue Lupines White Lupines Mean of Test L.S.D. (.05)

( .01)

Pounds Per Acre Dry Fora~e·Yields

Harvest Dates

4/10 4/24 5/21

3963 1677 5641

3148 1218 4366

3214 888 4102

3161 935 4096

2462 889 3350

650 830 1480

281 877 1158

465 2522 1121 3456

129 1198 439 1045

214 1623 605 1417

Seeded September 29, 1978 at rate of: Turnips SIbs/acre, Kale and Rape -8 1bs/acre, White lupines - 120 1bs/acre, Blue lupines - 100 1bs/acre, Hairy vetch - 30 lbs/acre, and other vetches - 40 lbs/acre.

Fertilization: At seeding - 15 lbs/acre N, 30 1bs/acre P

(24)

Table 11 FVT 170 Winter annual forages--brassicas and vetches, percent and pounds per acre crude protein. Coastal Plain, Lenoir County, North Carolina - 1979

Percent and Pounds Per Acre Crude Protein

1/

Harvest Dates

11/22 3/22 4/6 5/21 Average Total

Entry % Lbs , % 1bs. % 1bs. % 1bs. -%-0- ~

-Brassicas

Seven Top Turnip 24.5 239 25.3 316 14.7 194 21.0 749

Perko Rape 23.6 251 18.5 313 14.9 135 19.1 698

Dwarf Essex Rape 27.2 222 19.5 426 21.6 648

N. Z. Green Globe Turnip 25.0 240 16.9 378 18.1 619

Purple Top Turnip 26.6 216 14.7 331 17.1 559

Fora Rape 26.0 245 14.6 268 18.4 512

N. Z. York Globe Turnip 26.0 201 20.1 78 12.9 164 17.0 456 N

0

Marko Stubble Turnip 25.4 216 15.6 204 18.3 420

Sirius Turnip 25.7 223 16.8 172 18.9 395

Southern Collards 26.0 23 24.0 266 17.4 78 22.3 367

Curled Siberian Kale 24.7 133 17.8 193 20.5 327

Doon Major Swede 25.4 147 17.9 176 16.8 323

Gruner Kale 27.5 112 14.2 73 20.1 185

N. Z. Calder Swede 15.7 72 15.7 72

Mean of Test 25.7 190 2.2.0 242 16.0 205 19.0 452

Vetch

Nova II Vetch 16.9 206 16.9 2Q6

Hairy Vetch 20.0 335 20.0 335

Cahaba·White Vetch 23.2 217 23.2 217

Vangard Vetch 20.6 183 20.6 183

Vantage Vetch 19.7 176 19.7 176

Mean of Test 20.1 223 20.1 223

(25)

SUMMER ANNUAL FORAGES

Sorghum-sudangrass hybrids, pearl millet and sudangrass, like the winter

annuals, are special purpose crops that serve as an important feed source when

other pasture crops are in short supply. Their period of maximum production

is during the summer when cool-season pasture grasses produce little.

In using these crops, careful attention must be given to management.

They require relatively high amounts of fertilizer for hig~ production. For

best quality, they should be grazed at 16 to 24 inches of growth or cut for

green chop or hay at 24 to 30 inches of growth. In either case, plants

should not be grazed or chopped below 6 to 8 inches in order to insure

adequate regrowth.

During the past ten to fifteen years, sudangrasses have been largely

replaced by the sorghum-sudangrass hybrids because of higher yields. Recently

plant breeders have developed improved sudangrass hybrids which are being

marketed.

Pearl millets are generally better adapted to the sandy coastal plain

nLd sand hills soils than the sorghum~.

Table 12 contains information on varieties tested and sponsoring agencies.

In 1979, the summer annuals were tested at two locations: (1) FVT 172 at

Piedmont Research Station in Rowan County, (2) FVT 175 at the Jackson Farm

(26)

22

SUMMER ANNUAL GRASSES

Table 12 Name, address and variety designation of agencies sponsoring entries in the 1979 summer annual simulated grazing trials.

Name

Acco Seed

DeKalb AgResearch, Ine.

Farmers Forage Research Cooperative

Taylor-Evans Seed

U. S. Department of Agriculture

Address

Box 1630

Plainview, Texas 79072

Route 2

Lubbock, Texas 79415

4112 East State Road 225 West Lafayette

Indiana 47906

Box 68

Tulia, Texas 79088

Tifton, Georgia

P. O. Box 151 Columbus

Mississippi 39701

P. O. Box 1522 W. Memphis, Arkansas

72301

Sweet Sioux IV (55)!/ 5-99 (58)

8udax 8X-16A (88) 8udax 8X-17 (88)

FFR 66 (58) 2/ FFR 74 (8D)-FFR 74A (8D)

T-E Haygrazer (85) T-E Haygrazer-R (58)

Gahi 3 (Pearl Millet)' Tifleaf (Pearl Millet)

Trudan 8 (8D) 80rdan 77 (88)

Millex 24 (Pearl Millet)

8unrise (88)

Pearlex 24 (Pearl Millet)

Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.

1000 West Jefferson 8treet Pioneer Brand 988 (88) Tipton, Indiana 46072 Pioneer Brand 977 (55)

1/

(88) - 50rghum sudangrass hybrid

(27)

FVT 172 (Tables 13-16)

Results of the summer annual test in Rowan County are presented in

Tables 13 and 14. There were no problems with pests at this location in 1979.

It appeared that total yields were similar for all sorghum-sudan hybrids and

sudangrasses with the exception of FFR 74A. Apparently, FFR 74A got off to a

poor start prior to the first harvest since its production was similar to other

entries on the last two harvests.

The pearl millets yielded about as well as the sorghum and sudans but

were leafier as illustrated in Table 16. Stem size of the millets tended to

be smaller than for the sorghums.

There appeared to be more variations in protein content among the sorghum

hybrids than among the millets. The protein content of the millets was

surprisingly low when considering the high percent of leaves in the forage.

The three year average data for summer annuals indicate that most

varieties yielded about the same with the exception that one or two varieties

consistently gave low yields.

FVT 175 (Tables 17-20)

This test was established on a very fine dark brown sandy loan soil with

heavy clay base which is normally bedded because of a high water table. The

seed bed was well-prepared at planting but the beds reappeared after settling,

apparently causing some variation in plant growth rate within plots, especially

the millets. Even though 190 pounds nitrogen were applied, the third harvest

appeared Nitrogen deficient. Since 2.25 tons of dry forage were removed from

the plots on the third harvest, the yellowing could have been due to age of plants

The over-mature forage probably accounts for the very low crude protein

(28)

24

Information in Table 19 gives a three-year summary of summer annual

yields, but it is necessary to consider that the 1978 data are from

Norfolk-Ruston soil association in Wilson County and the 1977 data are from muck

peat soil association in Hyde County. It is recommended that you review

Crop Science Report Nos. 67 and 71 for more details about each of those tests

(29)

Table 13 FVT 172 Summer annual grasses simulated grazing trials, dry forage yields. Piedmont, Rowan County, North Carolina - 1979

Pounds Per Acre Dry Forage Yie1dJ

J

Harvest Dates

Entry 7/5 7/30 9/10 Total

HYbrids~/

Pioneer brand 977 (SS) 2174 2260 3153 7587

Sunrise (SS) 2277 2314 2931 7522

T-E Haygrazer-R (SS) 2309 2162 2996 7467

Sordan 77 (SS) 2386 2061 2748 7195

FFR 66 (SS) 2276 2170 2714 7160

Sweet Sioux IV (SS) 1816 2132 3192 7139

Sudax SX-17 (SS) 2164 1911 2923 6998

Sudax SX-16A (SS) 2113 1708 3039 6860

T-E Haygrazer (SS) 1981 2086 2792 6859

Pioneer brand 988 (SS) 1687 2290 2863 6840

S-99 (SS) 1857 1844 3094 6795

FFR 74 (SD) 1316 2235 2900 6451

Trudan 8 (SD) 1181 2335 2836 6352

FFR 74A (SD) 801 1716 2623 5140

Mean of Test 1881 2087 2915 6883

-L.S.D. (.05) 538 327 N.S. 936

( .01) 717 436 N.S. 1247

Pearl Hi11ets

Mi11ex 24 2448 2417 2670 7535

Gahi 3 1869 2606 2481 6956

Pear1ex 24 2202 2023 2146 6371

Tif1eaf 1675 2206 2400 6281

Mean of Test 2048 2313 2424 6785

L.S.D. (.05) N.S. 282 39.2 105Q

( .01) N.S. 396 N.S. N.S.

2/

- (SD)

=

Sudangrass hybrids. (SS)

=

Sorghum-sudan Hybrids. Seeded May 21, 1979 at rate of: Sorghum-sUdans - 40 Ibs/acre

Sudan hybrids - 20 1bs/acre, PearL'mf.Ll.ets -. 20 Ibs/acre Fertilized at seeding: 50 1bs. N', 100 1bs. P20S' 100 lbst K₂₀ per

and 50 1bs. N. per acre after each narvest except last, Weed control: 2.4 1bs, per acre A.I. AAtrex at seeding.

No weed control on pearl millets.

(30)

26

Table 14 FVT 172 Summer annual grasses simulated grazing trials, percent and pounds per acre crude protein. Piedmont, Rowan County, North Carolina - 1979

Percent and Pounds Crude Protein Per Acre!!

Harvest Dates

7/5 7/30 9/10 Average Total

Entry % 1bs. % 1bs. % 1bs. % 1bs.

HYbrids~/

S-99 (SS) 12.9 239 18.5 341 8.9 275 12.6 855

Pioneer Brand 977 (S5) 12.5 272 13.9 315 R.4 264 11.2 851

T-E Haygrazer-R (5S) 11.4 263 13.7 297 9.3 279 11.2 839

Pioneer Brand 988 (5S) 11.6 196 17.4 399 8.3 238 12.2 833

Sudax SX-16A (SS) 14.6 308 13.5 231 9.6 292 12.1 831

FFR 74 (SD) 15.2 201 13.9 312 10.3 299 12.6 811

Sudax 5X-17 (SS) 12.6 272 11.9 227 10.4 305 11.5 804

T-E Haygrazer (SS) 11.1 220 14.2 297 10.0 279 11.6 797

Trudan 8 (SD) 15.1 179 15.4 360 8.6 243 12.3 782

Sordan 77 (5S) 11.2 268 12.3 254 9.4 259 10.9 782

FFR 66 (SS) 11.9 272 12.6 273 8.0 217 10.6 761

Sweet Sioux IV (SS) 11.8 214 11.7 249 9.3 297 10.-7 761

Sunrise (S5) 11.0 250 11.6 269 8.0 234 10.0 754

FFR 74A (5D) 14.9 119 14.4 248 8.4 221 11.4 588

Mean of Test 12.7 234 13.9 291 _~ 265 11.5 789

-Pearl Millets

Mi11ex 24 11.2 275 14.1 341 6.5 174 10.5 790

Gahi 3 11.9 222 12.9 337 7.3 181 10.7 741

Tif1eaf 10.9 183 13.4 295 7.7 185 10.5 663

Pear1ex 24 11.0 242 11.9 241 7.6 164 10.2 647

Mean of Test 11.3 231 13.1 304

_ia

176 10.5 710

-llprotein percentages are based on a composite sample.

(31)

Table 15 Summer annual grasses simulated grazing trials, total annual production and long-term averages of dry forage yields and crude protein. Piedmont, North Carolina

Dry Forage Yie1a!/ and Crude

Protei~/in

Pounds Per Acre

1977~I 1978

21

197#] Average

Dry Crude Dry Crude Dry Crude Dry Crude

Entry Forage Protein Forage Protein Forage Protein Forage Protein

HybridJ.I

Pioneer 977 (SS) 7587 851

Sunrise (SS) 7522 754

T-E Haygrazer-R (SS) 7467 839

Sordan 77 (SS) 7261 937 7195 782 7228 860

FFR 66 (SS) 6080 925 7101 978 7160 761 6780 888

Sweet Sioux IV (SS) 6580 1057 8216 1058 7139 761 7312 959

Sudax SX-17 (SS) 6998 804

Sudax SX-16A (SS) 5020 848 6616 942 6860 831 6165 874

T-E Haygrazer (SS) 5700 858 8088 1023 6859 797 6882 893

Pioneer 988 (SS) 6840 833

S-99 (SS) 4500 683 7365 976 6795 855 6220 838

FFR 74 (SD) 6000 937 7040 938 6451 811 6497 895

Trudan 8 (SD) 6352 782

FFR 74A (SD) 4780 758 6574 927 5140 588 5498 758

Pearl Millets

Mi11ex 24 7535 790

Gahi 3 5580 1026 9451 1172 6956 741 7329 980

Pear1ex 24 6371 647

Tif1eaf 6281 663

!/Average of five replications. llComposite of five replications.

l/(SD) = Sudangrass hybrids. (SS)

!!./Orange County.

~/Rowan

County . .§./Rowan County.

(32)

28

Table 16 FVT 172 Summer annual grasses, stem diameter in inches and percent leaves.

Piedmont, Rowan County, North Carolina - 1979

Stem Diameter in

Inche~/and

Percent

Leaves~1

Harvest Dates

715 7/30 9/10 Average

Stem % Stem % Stem % Stem

Entry Diameter Leaves Diameter Leaves Diameter Leaves Diameter

Hybrids

11

Pioneer Brand 977 (SS) .274 54 .264 53 .269 45 .269

Sunrise (SS) .240 54 .266 55 .254 50 .253

T-E Haygrazer-R (SS) .240 59 .254 54 .230 45 .242

Sordan 77 (SS) .252 48 .300 51 .252 43 .268

FFR 66 (SS) .237 52 .243 57 .229 47 .263

Sweet Sioux IV (SS) .316 58 .300 50 .256 44 .290

Sudax SX-17 (SS) .306 58 .302 62 .260 51 .289

Sudax SX-16A (SS) .316 59 .281 65 .289 51 .295

T-E Haygrazer (SS) .228 56 .246 51 .253 42 .242

Pioneer Brand 988 (S8) .296 59 .252 57 .280 41 .276

S-99 (SS) .273 63 .291 50 .248 49 .270

FFR 74 (SD) .260 51 .251 50 .221 45 .244

Trudan 8 (SD) .249 57 .278 50 .245 50 .257

FFR 74A (SD) .218 57 .228 55 .211 52 .219

Mean of Test _~ _5..4..

_ta.

-Pearl Millets

Mi11ex 24 .259 62 .197 69 .165 64 .207

Gahi 3 .283 71 .242 66 .203 61 .243

Pear lex 24 .319 67 .275 66 .248 59 .281

Tif1eaf .208 85 .234 80 .162 60 .201

Mean of Test .265

11:.

.261 70 .237 61 .255

L.S.D. ( .05) .028 .026 .020

( .01) .037 .034 .027

II

- Based on ten observations taken at random from each of three replications. llBased on one composite of thirty plants.

(33)

Table 17 FVT 175 Summer annual grasses simulated grazing trials, dry forage yields. Coastal Plain, Pasquotank County, North Carolina - 1979

Pounds Per Acre Dry Forage Yie1ds

11

Entry

HYbrids~/

6/21

Harvest Dates

7/25 9/11 Total

FFR 74 (SD) Trudan 8 (SD) Sudax SX-17 (SS) Pioneer brand 988 (SS) FFR 74A (SD)

Sunrise (SS) Sweet Sioux IV (SS) T-E Haygrazer-R (SS) T-E Haygrazer (SS) Pioneer brand 977 (SS) FFR 66 (SS)

Sudax SX-16A (SS) Sordan 77 (SS) S-99 (SS)

Mean of Test -L.S.D. (.05) (.01) Pearl Millets Gahi 3 Tif1eaf Mi11ex 24 Pear1ex 24

Mean of Test

-L~S.D, (!05)

( .01)

1597 3265 5681 10543

1875 3301 5022 10198

1838 3387 4874 10099

2032 2991 5035 10058

1240 2903 5680 9823

2299 3080 4375 9753

1851 2426 5260 9537

1697 2879 4907 9483

1945 2765 4740 9450

1690 3033 4713 9436

1573 3007 4702 9282

1934 2815 4470 9219

1834 2877 4382 9092

1987 2471 4358 8816

1814 2943 4871 9628

410 425 N.S. N.S.

546 567 N.S. N.S.

1753 3752 3528 9033

1489 3148 3737 8374

1758 3665 2915 8338

1472 3652 3187 8310

1618 3554 3342 8514

N.S, N,S. N.S. N.S.

N.S, N.S. N.S. N.S.

l/CSD)

~

5udangras5 Hybrids. (SS) = Sorghum-sudan Hybrids. Seeded May 9, 197q at rate of: Sorghum sudans - 40 1bs/acre

Sudan hybrids - 20 1bs/acre, pearl millets - 20 Ibs/acre Fertilized at seeding at rate of: 40 1bs. N, 80 1bs. P

205, 80 Ibs. K20/acre 50 Ibs. N. June 7, 1979 and 50 1bs/acre N after each harvest except last.

(34)

30

Table 18 FVT 175 Summer annual grasses simulated grazing trials, percent and pounds

per acre crude protein. Coastal Plain, Pasquotank County, North Carolina 1979

Percent and Pounds Crude Protein Per

Acr~/

Harvest Dates

6/21 7/25 9/11 Average Total

Entry % Lbs , % Lbs . % 1bs. % 1bs.

HybridJ-/

Sudax SX-17 (SS) 15.1 278 11.2 381 4.6 222 8.7 881

Trudan 8 (SD) 13.6 255 10.1 332 5.7 286 8.6 873

Sweet Sioux III (SS) 16.2 301 10.6 256 5.7 299 9.0 856

Pioneer Brand 988 (SS) 15.9 324 10.7 321 4.1 Z08 8.5 853

FFR 74 (SD) 16.6 265 10.1 329 4.3 245 8.0 839

Sudax SX-16A (SS) 16.2 314 9.6 269 5.4 243 9.0 826

S-99 (SS) 15.2 303 10.2 252 6.0 261 9.2 816

Sordan 77 (SS) 15.4 283 9.9 286 5.4 238 8.9 807

T-E Haygrazer (SS) 15.7 305 10.6 292 4.2 198 8.4 796

Sunrise (58) 12.9 297 9.4 291 4.3 189 8.0 777

FFR 66 (SS) 17.6 277 10.1 303 4.1 194 8.4 774

Pioneer Brand 977 (SS) 16.6 280 9.8 298 4.0 189 8.1 766

T-E Haygrazer-R (SS) 15.9 270 9.8 282 4.1 199 8.0 752

FFR 74A (SD) 16.5 205 8.1 234 5.1 291 7.5 730

Mean of Test 15.7 283 10.0 295 4.8 233 _~ 811

Pearl Millets

Gahi 3 14.9 261 8.2 310 5.9 209 8.6 780

Tif1eaf 15.9 237 9.9 313 5.6 210 9.1 760

Pear1ex 24 16.4 241 7.3 267 5.1 161 8.0 669

Mi11ex 24 14.0 246 6.4 236 5.2 153 7.6 635

Mean of Test 15.3 246

_LJ-

281

_2d.

183 _~ 711

(35)

Table 19- Summer annual grasses simulated grazing trials, total annual production and long-term averages of dry forage yields and crude protein. Coastal Plain, North Carolina

Dry Forage Yield1/and Crude

Protein~./Pounds

Per Acre

1977

!!]

1978

2/

1979E.-I Average

Dry Crude Dry Crude Dry Crude Dry Crude

Entry Forage Protein Forage Protein Forage Protein Forage Protein

b °d

31

Hy rl.

s-FFR 74 (SD) 3140 307 4701 457 10543 839 6128 534

Trudan 8 (SD) 10198 873

Sudax SX-17 (SS) 3620 314 4503 334 10099 881 6074 510

Pioneer brand 988 (SS) 10058 853

FFR 74 A (SD) 2700 253 4308 407 9823 730 5610 463

Sunrise (SS) 9753 777

Sweet Sioux IV (SS) 3380 304 5979 534 9537 856 6299 565

T-E Haygrazer-R (SS) 9483 752

T-E Haygrazer (SS) 3380 321 6270 551 9450 796 6367 556

Pioneer brand 977 (SS) 9436 766

FFR 66 (SS) 3600 349 5992 504 9282 774 6291 542

Sudax SX-16A (SS) 3420 336 5170 431 9219 826 5936 531

Sordan 77 (SS) 5661 487 9092 807 7377 647

S-99 (SS) 3200 281 5840 528 8816 816 5952 542

Pearl Millets

Gahi 3 6960 642 5702 657 9033 780 7232 693

Tif1eaf 8374 760

Mi11ex 24 8338 635

Pear1ex 24 8310 669

IIComposite of five replications.

1I(SD)

=

Sudangrass hybrids. (SS)

41

- Hyde County. 1/lvi1son County.

61

- Pasquotank County.

(36)

32

Table 20 FVT 175 Summer annual grasses, stem diameter in inches and percent leaves.

Coastal Plain, Pasquotank County, North Carolina - 1979

Stem Diameter in Inches

1/

and Percent Leave;!:}

6/21 7/25 9/11 Average

Stem % Stem-- % Stem-- % Stem

Entry Diameter Leaves Diameter Leaves Diameter Leaves Diameter

Hybridsl/

FFR 74 (SD) .181 77 .183 44 .230 37 .198

Trudan 8 (SD) .235 58 .223 52 .204 34 .220

Sudax SX-17 (SS) .291 60 .253 56 .236 42 .260

Pioneer Brand 988 (SS) .260 58 .211 52 .209 37 .226

FFR 74A (SD) .198 55 .179 50 .167 51 .181

Sunrise (SS) .241 56 .215 52 .225 42 .227

Sweet Sioux IV (SS) .209 58 .228 59 .184 53 .207

T-E Haygrazer-R (SS) .263 61 .182 52 .193 42 .213

T-E Haygrazer (SS) .277 61 .230 53 .217 39 .241

Pioneer Brand 977 (SS) .205 71 .197 54 .208 47 .203

FFR 66 (SS) .221 66 .204 48 .212 39 .213

Sudax SX-16A (SS) .218 71 .180 56 .192 50 .197

Sordan 77 (SS) .224 55 .267 45 .181 37 .224

S-99 (SS) .195 67 .242 51 .173 48 .203

Mean of Test 62 52 43

Pearl Millets

Gahi 3 .170 76 .162 63 .103 _434/ .145

Tif1eaf .119 73 .169 61 .108 67-- .132

Mi11ex 24 .172 74 .156 44 .107 32!!..! .145

Pear1ex 24 .186 79 .247 47 .143 67 .191

Mean of Test •215 76. .207 54 _~ ...22 .202

L.S.D. ( .05) .025 .026 .021

(.01) .033 .034 .027

l/Based on ten observations taken at random from each of three replications. l/Based on one composite of thirty plants.

3/ .

- (SD)

=

Sudangrass hybr1ds. (SS)

=

Sorghum - sudan hybrids.

(37)

Table 21 5tem diameter in inches - Combined locations!/- 5ummer annual grasses - North Carolina - 1979

Harvests

Entry 1 2 3 Average

Hybrids

2:./

5unrise (55) .241 ,240 .240 .240

T-E Haygrazer (55) .253 .238 .235 .242

T-E Haygrazer-R (55) .252 .218 .212 .227

5udax 5X-16A (58) .267 .231 .241 .246

5udax 5X-17 (55) .298 .277 .248 ~275

Pioneer brand 988 (55) .278 .231 .244 .251

Pioneer brand 977 (55) .240 .231 .238 .236

FFR 66 (55) .230 .223 .221 .225

FFR 74 (5D) .221 .217 .226 .221

FFR 74A (SD) .208 .203 ,189 .200

50rdan 77 (55) .238 .284 ,217 .246

Trudan 8 (SD) .242 .250 .224 .239

Sweet Sioux IV (S5) .262 .264 .220 .249

5-99 (S5) .234 .267 .210 .237

Pearl Hi11ets

Pear1ex 24 .252 .261 .195 .236

Mi11ex 24 .216 .176 .136 .176

Gahi 3 .226 .202 .153 .194

Tif1eaf .164 .202 .135 .167

Mean of Test .240 .234 .210 .228

-L.5.D for all (.05) .041

Observations (.01) .057

II

- Rowan and Pasquotank County locations.

21

(38)

34

PERENNIAL FORAGES

The perennial species reported in this publication include orchardgrass,

tall fescue, timothy, smooth bromegrass, Phalaris sp., alfalfa, ladino clover,

red clover, and birdsfoot trefoil.

Tall fescue and orchardgrass are two of the most important perennial

cool-season pasture grasses in the state. Both grow well in combination with

ladino clover where ladino is adapted. Orchardgrass is especially good as hay with

or without a legume. Tall fescue is more widely adapted than orchardgrass

east of Raleigh, North Carolina. Timothy and smooth bromegrass are both

cool-season grasses that are best adapted to the Mountain and western Piedmont

regions. Their primary use is for hay, and both grow well with alfalfa.

These grasses can be utilized in pastures and can be grown in short rotations

in the central and eastern Piedmont, but in the past, they have not persisted

well under these conditions.

Of the perennial legumes reported here, ladino clover and alfalfa are

probably the most widely used. However, alfalfa must be grown on relatively

deep, fertile, well-drained soils with good water-holding cqpacity. These

soils should be limed to a pH of 6.5 to 7.0. Alfalfa is best utilized as hay.

Ladino is the number one pasture legume in North Caroina and is adapted over

most of the state except above 2000 feet elevation and on the deep sands

of the Coastal Plain and sand hills regions.

Red clover is adapted over most of the Piedmont and is usually grown with

orchardgrass for hay. Red clover can also be used in semi-permanent pastures

with ladino clover and tall fescue, but it is often short-lived, frequently

behaving as a biennial.

Birdsfoot trefoil is a legume that can be used for hay or pasture.

(39)

that will not permit the growth of alfalfa. However, its range of adaptation

appears to be relatively narrow; it is best adapted to the mountainous areas

of western North Carolina.

Sponsoring agencies for the species entered in these tests are given in

(40)

36

PERENNIAL FORAGES

Table 22 Names, addresses and cultivar designations of agencies sponsoring entries in the 1979 North Carolina Perennial Forage Trials.

Name

Farmers Forage Research Cooperative

Pioneer Hi-Bred International

University of Kentucky

U. S. Department of Agriculture

N. C. Agricultural Extension Service

Address

RR3

Ames, Iowa 50010

4112 E. State Road 225 W. Lafayette, Indiana

47906

P. O. Box 85 Johnston, Iowa

Lexington, Kentucky

N. C. State University Raleigh, N. C.

Redland Red Clover Apollo Alfalfa 1/ Vangard Alfalfa-Atlas Alfalfa

*TF0070 (Fescue x Ryegrass)

Weevlchek Alfalfa Hallmark Orchardgrass *FFR Syn. D Fescue

Hi-Phy Alfalfa_2/ Forager Fescue-Able Orchardgrass

*PB Alfalfa

Pioneer brand

531~/

Pioneer brand 545

l /

Kenstar Red Clover Kenland Red Clover

Team Alfalfa Arc Alfalfa Apalachee Alfalfa

Williamsburg Alfalfa Thor Alfalfa

Saranac AR Alfalfa_3/ Liberty Alfalfa -Victoria Alfalfa WL 512 Alfalfa Agate Alfalfa Riley Alfalfa

II

_{formerly reported} _Victor.

- Vangard as

21

_{formerly reported}

Syn , I.

- Forager as

31

_{formerly reported} _NCW20.

- Liberty as

!!../pioneer brand 531 formerly reported as MB.

(41)

Table 22 (Continued) Names, addresses and cultivar designations of agencies sponsoring entries in the 1979 North Carolina Perennial Forage Trials.

Name

University of Missouri

Oregon State University

Pickseed West

u.

S. Department of Agriculture

Agricultural Research Service, USDA

Address

Dept. of Agronomy 210 Waters

Columbia, Missouri 65201

102 Farm Crops Bldg. Corvallis, Oregon 97331

Box 888

Tangent, Oregon

University of Kentucky

Beltsville, Maryland

1500 Jackson St., N.E. Minneapolis

Minnesota 55413

Spreador Alfalfa Chesapeake Red Clover Kentucky 31 Fescue Tillman Ladino Clover Regal Ladino Clover Redman Red Clover Timothy Entries

Smooth Bromegrass Entries

Missouri-96 Fescue *H-l Fescue

*H- 2 Fescue

Lucky Ladino Clover

Felopa (Fescue x Ryegrass) INA Orchardgrass

Kay Orchardgrass

Kenhy (Fescue x Ryegrass)

Boone Orchardgrass

*K2-28 Fescue Orbit Orchardgrass F10rie Red Clover 6/

Phytor Alfalfa

-Arcadia Ladino Clover Thor Alfalfa

Gladiator Alfalfa K7-28 Alfalfa K7-3l Alfalfa *NK 78001 Red Clover *NK 78023 Red Clover *NK 78042 Red Clover *K8-122 Orchardgrass *K2-8 Orchardgrass

Saborto Orchardgrass

6/

(42)

Table 22

38

(Continued) Names, addresses and cultivar designations of agencies

sponsoring entries in the 1979 North Carolina Perennial Forage Trials.

Name

Berger &Plate Company

Waterman-Loomis Company

Agriculture Service Corporation

Great Plains

Research Company, Inc.

Clemson University

*Experimentals.

Address

1 California Street San Francisco California 94111

2000 Century Plaza Suite 110

Columbus, Maryland 21044

1121 Boone Road, S. E. Salem, Oregon 97302

1221 Pioneer Court Cary, N. C.

Clemson, S. C. 29631

*B-2 Festulolium

Sacramento Ladino Clover

WL 311 Alfalfa

WL 318 Alfalfa ~JL 312 Alfalf a

Tamar ~fuite Clover

Cimarron Alfalfa

(43)

Perennial Legumes - Alfalfa

FVT 168 (Table 23)

This alfalfa test is on a sandy loam surface with a reddish brown sandy

clay subsoil (Norfolk Association) which has not been in alfalfa before.

There were some significant differences in yields in 1979. The last harvest

date was August 7 even though frost did not occur until late October. The

regrowth during August and September was minimal and severely infected with

Sclerotium rolfsii (Southern blight) and beet armyworm. These two problems

no doubt limited yields during the fall even though the armyworm was controlled.

FVT 162 (Table 24)

Yields of alfalfa were excellent in Rockingham County in 1979 and 1978

as the two year average for all varieties exceeded seven tons per acre. In

1979, Weevlchek yields were significantly less than the top four varieties.

FVT 141 (Table 25)

Growing conditions were favorable in 1979 and yields were better than in

1977 or 1978, Table 25. The top yielding varieties for 1979 also have the

best three-year average yields. Some of the lower yielding varieties became

partially infested with crabgrass after the July harvest; however, yields were

not significantly influenced.

FVT 142 (Table 26)

In the mountains, moisture was limited during late May and June, 1979.

Therefore, yields on this steep slope site were depressed. Entries were not

harvested after August 2 because of severe infestation of summer annual weeds.

Evaluations made in October, 1979, indicated that many plots contained 50%

or more weeds. In June, 1980, only the five replications of Apalachee had a

50% stand. In two of the five replications, Arc, WL 311, and *PB varieties had

(44)

40

It seems that weed control is more of a problem in the mountain area

than in other parts of the state. It is significant to recall that this site

is on a gray-brown surface over a red friable subsoil (Halewood-Hayesville

Association) with a 20-30% slope.

Clovers

-FVT 160 (Table 27)

Ladino clover production was excellent in 1979 and yields were only

slightly less than in 1978. Production was relatively good throughout the

summer months even though July moisture was about 1.4 inches below the long

term normal. Regal gave significantly more production than the three lowest

producing varieties.

FVT 169 (Table 28)

Red clover production on Coastal Plain soils has not been extensively

evaluated in North Carolina. Considering the high temperatures and dry nature

of the sandy loam soils, respectable yields were obtained. Redman and

Chesapeake varieties yielded significantly more than the three NK selections,

but not more than Redland. Normally a harvest could be taken in September

or later; but in 1979, the beet armyworm and southern blight (Sclerotium

rolfsii) held fall growth to a minimum. Lannate was used to control the

armyworm on September 12.

FVT 161 (Table 29)

Red clover production in Rockingham County was excellent in the second

year (1979) as the lowest yielding variety averaged 10,849 pounds per acre.

Kenstar and Redland varieties yielded significantly more than the three

lowest producers. The two-year average yields ranged from 5.5 tons to 6.5

(45)

Perennial Grasses - Tall Fescue

FVT 153 (Table 30)

Tall fescue production was relatively high for the best varieties

considering that 150 units of Nitrogen was applied annually. Forager appears

to produce significantly more yield than most other varieties, especially the

varieties available to producers. The trend was consistent for 1978, also.

It is important that stand persistence of the new varieties be evaluated over

several years since it is well established that Ky. 31 will persist for many

years.

Orchardgrass

FVT 167 Cfable 31)

Orchardgrass yields were not very impressive during the first full growing

season. The first harvest yields were surprisingly low which may be due to the

low Nitrogen application at planting time. Hallmark yielded significantly more

than the other varieties for the 1979 season.

Timothy

FVT 143 (Table 32)

The yields for Timothy were very impressive when considering only 50-75

pounds of nitrogen were applied in March. The fact that only one harvest was

taken in 1978 and 1979 limits the flexibility one would have when using Timothy

In 1977 two harvests were taken (May 10, July 26) giving similar yields each

time but the annual yields as shown in Table 32 averaged about the same as in

1978 and 1979.

Broomegrass

FVT 144 (Table 33)

Broomegrass, like Timothy, was cut once in 1978 and 1979 with very little

regrowth occurring subsequently. There were significant differences between

(46)

42

Table 23 FVT 168 Alfalfa, dry forage yields. Coastal Plain, Scotland County, North Carolina - 1979.

Pounds Per Acre Dry ForagJ

J

Harvest Dates

Entry 4/20 5/29 7/3 8/7 Total

Alfalfa

WL 312 3310 2821 2737 1908 10776

Cimarron 3404 2650 2623 1847 10525

Vangard 3548 2648 2463 1654 10314

K7-28 3212 2720 2600 1723 10255

Saranac AR 3514 2581 2472 1586 10153

Apollo 3215 2563 2476 1816 10070

1~ 311 2902 2573 2586 1986 10048

Thor 3100 2701 2561 1646 10008

K7-31 3280 2528 2448 1746 10002

Liberty 3433 2539 2343 1632 9947

Hi-Phy 3139 2563 2449 1761 9912

Riley 3248 2703 2378 1527 9856

Arc 3239 2536 2329 1570 9675

Phytor 3248 2426 2284 1624 9582

Gladiator 3326 2517 2253 1476 9572

WL 318 2611 2545 2455 1824 9435

Hean of Test 3233 2601 2466 1708 10008

-L.S.D. (.05) 443 165 216 211 555

(.01) 589 219 288 281 738

Seeded September 12, 1978 at rate of 20 1bs/acre.

Fertilized at seeding at rate of: 68 1bs/acre P20~, _{203 1bs/acre K20}

and 3 1bs/acre oron Maintenance: September 27, 1979 - 60 1bs/acre K 0

Insect Control: September 12, 1979 - .5 1bs/acr~ (AI) Lannate for beet armywonn

(47)

Table 24 FVT 162 Alfalfa, dry forage yields. Piedmont, Rockingham County, North Carolina - 1979

Pounds Per Acre Dry Forag

e1:l

Harvest Dates - 1979 1979 1978 2 year

Entry 5/3 6/14 7/19 8/23 11/8 Total Total Average

Alfalfa

Liberty 5008 4140 3174 2214 1805 16340 14171 15256

Vangard 4521 4830 2982 2264 1603 16199 15768 15984

Arc 4557 4400 2996 2158 1700 15811 14284 15046

WL 318 4185 4166 3035 2277 1727 15389 15307 15348

WL 311 4008 3926 3040 2524 1687 15186 15991 15589

Saranac AR 4871 3836 2872 2213 1331 15123 13827 14475

Apollo 4089 4055 3032 2229 1471 14877 15463 15270

Weev1chek 4518 3257 2441 2068 1373 13656 14892 14278

Mean of Test 4470 4076 2946 2243 1587 15323 14963 15156

-L.S.D. (.05) N.S. N.S. N.S. 188 283 1587 1411

(.01) N.S. N.S. N.S. 254 282 N.S. N.S.

1./

Average of five replications.

Seeded August 20, 1977 at rate of: 20 1bs/acre

Fertilized at seeding at rate of: 45 1bs/acre P

205, 135 1bs/acre K20, + 3 1bs/acre Boron and one ton lime.

Maintenance: March 12, 1979 - 75 1bs/acre P₂₀

S' 150 1bs/acre K20 + 10 1bs/acre Solu- Bor(21% Boron)

(48)

44

Table 25 FVT 141 Perennial forages, alfalfa, dry forage yields. Piedmont,

Rowan County, North Carolina

Pounds Per Acre Dry ForagJ:l

Harvest Dates - 1979 1979 1978 1977 3 year

Entry 5/2 6/6 7/9 8/14 11/15 Total Total Total Average

Alfalfa

WL 318 3235 2748 3052 2295 1020 12351 10375 3523 8750

Apollo 3327 2780 2818 2295 977 12198 10910 3761 8958

WL 311 3366 2706 2718 2076 964 11829 10583 3375 8596

Saranac AR 3344 2715 2636 2188 887 11771 10704 3433 8636

Victoria 3281 2454 2515 2053 927 11230 10049 3477 8252

Williamsburg 2949 2328 2449 2128 951 10805 9424 3215 7815

Thor 2/ 3179 2494 2397 1817 818 10705 9491 3541 7912

Phytor-2/ 2966 2367 2388 2052 855 10628 9786 3705 8040

Vangard- 3024 2390 2260 1960 924 10559 9967 2904 7810

Weev1chek 3277 2283 2266 1881 758 10465 9946 3643 8018

Agate 2851 2232 2139 1906 738 9865 8737 2765 7122

Gladiator 3130 2116 2024 1537 839 9646 10003 3754 7801

Arc 2813 2099 1891 1520 885 9209 9085 3269 7188

WL 512 1963 1762 2189 1969 921 8803 7609 1445 5952

Team 2/ 2341 1764 1646 1381 778 7910 7507 3045 6154

Liberty- 2487 1777 1565 1139 713 7680 8231 2595 6169

Spreador 1546 1394 1225 1100 666 5931 5081 1866 4293

Mean of Test 2887 2259 2246 1841 860 10093 9264 3136 7498

-L.S.D. (.05) 444 354 391 299 174 1274 1444 549

( .01) 589 470 519 396 231 1689 1914 728

l/Average of six replications. 2/

-Varieties Phytor, Vangard and Liberty formerly reportd as K3-15, Victor and NCW20. Seeded September 1, 1976 at rate of: 20 1bs/acre.

Fertilization at seeding: 40 1bs. N, 120 1bs. P

205, 120 1bs. K20 and one ton lime per acre

Maintenance: March 20, 1978 - 68 1bs/acre P

20S' 203 1bs/acre K20 + 10 1bs/acre Solu-Bor (21% Boron)

March 14,1979 - 165 1bs/acre P

20S' 50 1bs/acre K20+ 10 1bs/acre Solu-Bor (21% Boron)

Insect Control: No insect control in 1977. AprilS, 1978 - one 1b/acre Fur adan March 20, 1979 - one 1b/acre (AI) Furadan

Weed Control: March 20, 1978 - .75 1bs/acre (AI) 2,4-DB Spot spray for curled dock AprilS, 1978 - .75 1bs/acre (AI) 2 4-DB February 6, 1979 - 1.0 1bs/acre (AI) Kerb