CAREOFYOURTEW

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(1)HOW IO UsE Al{D TAKE CAREOF YOUR TEW. o tr C). t E o. ,F. tr F. I O W E R C A M E R A SA R E S O L D O N L Y S Y 5 E A R s . R O E B U C KA N D C O ..

(2) INTRODUCTION )'our. 'l'O\\'|R. 3i nrnr. 'l. lpe lll (-amcra is a precision. i n s f f u r ) r c n t .S e a r sl a b o r a t o r t t c c h n i c i a n sa n c l b u v c r s h a v c r r o r k e c lu i t l r t h e r n a n u f l r l u r c r s o l r f l r i s c i r m e r a f o r m o f e fhan a velr and a half beforc offerin{ it to t'ou. It is a carnera that rvill lasr a lifetimc. if treated plrperir'. 'l. l r i s b r x r k l e tt : i v e s c i e t a i l e , lb. L L fs i m p L ei n s i r u c t i o t t so n i t s. r r s ca n c l p r r p c r c a r c . R l r A l ) I J O O K L I T l ' ( - A R l r l i t l L L \ ' . iLnclkeep it hanclt for rcfercrrcc.. www.orphancameras.com.

(3) Taken from www. butkus.ors/chinon. do*. w. -J ...*. We have q,ritten this manrial in more detail anci mcre technically than is necessarvfor the ordinary amateur PhotograPher. However, after: thc amateur his progressed a little in photography, his curiosity will lead him into more advanced stages and the following detailed information is an attempt on our Pait to anticiPate a few of his. questions. On the pxge to the right, we have condensed the steps to be taken when adj"i;"g .u,rl.r"lo, picture taking. This is ali the beginner needs to know. Everr lhe advanced amateur may frnd it well to memorize tl.rese steps dnd review them occasionallY" -! :i " i r ' : ( t r r , . 1 i i l L r i r r r i i o i ' 1 , ' l ; ; i - r , ' r' , l i f ( q : l r r L [ ' N() l'.u-:: rr;lflillt J L" r,,L.i '' iltill l-,'tr()tr, lj)a lj|f ,-lr. fttlJrt* ing ltrqr. li rtr', tlit: l)it!:r',)trit! i:rri hatlr:lt ,(ifrcllrlr. r L r r|. Il]r""r!l'r'L l \". ri Il.

(4) F* it r$. 2. lf lens is coliopsibletype. pull o u t ond lock it in position.Moke sure I t r s firmly locked.. l.Remove lens cop from lens o simple step which is often overlooked.. 3 L. g. t. [,. 3. Set lens diophrogm fo operture indicoted by. exposure meter or toble.. i.. i:, E tt: t:. F F.. l. t:. 4. Focus lens with rongefinder. Borh J i m o g e s s h o u l d b e s u p e r i m p o s e ds o f h o t E o single imoge is seen. I I I. ^t ,--/ ----. II. ,f 1@\. F. .i. J\l E E, E. E I J. 5, Compose the sublect in viewfinder. Do it corefully. Good composition is i mp o r t o n t .. 6. Turn winding knob in direction arrow qs for os it will go.. 7. Set shutter speed diol occording to exposure meter reodings or exposure toble recommendcrtions.. E. Press shutter releose button to exp o s e f i l m . P r e s sb u i t o n w i t h f i n g e r o n l y , not the entire orm.. 4 www.orphancameras.com. q. F.

(5) T A B L EO F C O N T E N I S U s eo f U p p e rq n d L o w e S r p e e dD i o l s . .......poge 6 W i n d i n gS h u t t e o r nd Filrn . .. ...poge 7 E x p o s u rC e o u n l e rM e c h o n i s m ...,,poge I C o u p l e dR o n g e f i n d e r ..poge 9 Prqctice i n U s eo f R o n g e f i n d e.r.. . . . . ......poge l0 TheNIKKOR50 mm f,/2 [ens,(withnoteon focusingot less thon 3/z feef). . .. . . .poge l l 7 . C h o n g i n gL e n s. . . . ...poge 12 8. Viewfinder . . poge 14 9 . E x p l o n o t i oonf A p e r t u r eA d i u s l m e n t . . .. .. ...poge ll 1 0 . E x p l o n o t i oonf A p e r t u r e Scole.... .........poge 14 l l . A p e r t u r eD i o p h r o g m Adiustment. ..poge 15 1 2 . D i s t o n cSec o l eo n F o c u s i nRgi n g . . . . , .......poge ld 1 3 . D e p t ho f F i e l dS c q l e . ...-t......poge 16 14, loodingthe Comero. ..poge l8 1 5 . U n l o o d i nl h ge Comerq. .........poge 2l f 6 . R e f e o sB e u t l o nf o r S h u t t e r... ...,.poge 22 1 7 . H o r i z o n t ool n d V e r t i c o P l i c f u r e s. .. . . .. .. .. ,poge 23 ACCESSORIES FOR YOUR TOWER 3s mm CAMERA S u p p l e m e n t o rLye n s e s. . . ..poge 24 Core of NIKKORLenses. . . . poge 26 FocolLengthof o Lens. , ,. .poge 26 NIKKOR50 mm f/2 Lens. .poge 28 NIKKOR 5 0 m m { / 1 . 4 H i g hS p e e dL e n s . ........pose 28 N I K K O R3 5 m m f / 3 . 5 W i d eA n g l e[ e n s . ........poge 29 N I K K O R8 5 m r n{ , / 2 T e l e p h o t[oe n s . . . . . .......poge 29 N I K K O R1 3 5 m m f / 3 . 5 T e l e p h o tLoe n s . . . . . ....poge 30 U n i v e r s oVli e w { i n d.e. r. . . , , . ........poge 3l P q r q l l o x, ......poge 33 CompqrotiveField Covered by Vorious Foc;rlLength Lenses(os s e e nt h r o u g ht h e U n i v e r s o Vli e w f i n d e r .) . . . . . ..poge 34 T O W E RC o m e r oC o r r y i n gC o s e . ... ...poge 35 TOWERlens Shodeqnd Fiher Holder. .poge 36 A d d i f i o n oAl c c e s s o r i e s .....poge 36 Repoir Service . . poge 36 Owner'G s uorontee ..,....poge 37 L 2. 3. 4. 5. 6..

(6) S P E C I A TN O T E This 3) mm. camerais the first camerain the TOWER line to have shutter speeds that must be set AFTER the shutter has been completely wound. As you wind the shutter, the film is automatically advanced (Illust. B). Thereis a top, or main shutterspeeddial, that shows shutter speedsor exposurefigures frcm L/2o to l/)oo of a.second.The lower speeddial (Illust. C) has sPeedsfrom Lf2O to llme.. I.. USE OF UPPER AND IOWER SPEEDDIATS. front or of cameta,tne the uPPef upper sPeeo speedolal dial using Iowef lower sPeed speeddlal dial on rront SThen when uslng "RED 20-1" which is neutral position, AFTER must be placed on uPPersPeed speed SHUTTER HAS BEEN COMPLETELY \trOUND. \Kzhenupper dial is on neutral position (Red 20-1) opposite arrow, then you can plav. Numbers on speeddials indicate brins the lower speeddial into play. bring For example, example,4 means means /o of ia second, second.2 rneans means fractionsof fractions of a second. second.For V" of rf second,etc. INTERMEDIATE SPEEDS CANNOT BE USED. I7hen setting the speedon Bulb (B) on upper dial (Illust. C) the shutter remainsopen while the releasebutton is presseddown. When the releasebutton is released.the shutter sprinqs shut.. S7hen camerais operatedwith slow speed dial set on Time (T), the shutter opens when the releasebutton is Dressedand remains open. To close shu[ter, turn slow speed dial back to position 1, and the sh.utterwill close immediately. There's no nEed to press the releasebutton again to close shutter.. www.orphancameras.com.

(7) , M P O R T A N T : To operate shutter on If20 of a second, it is necessary to set both dials on RED 20 after you have wound shutter. The upper main dial is moved to various positions aftet shutter has been completely wound by merely lifting the dial (Illust. D) and turning it so number indicating the desired speed is opposite arrow on accessofyshoe. (Illust. B.) Be sure upper dial is lowered or seated into proper position when operating on any shutter speed.. LOWERSPEED DIALCAN BE TURNED AFTERSHUTTER HAS BEEN COMPLETELY WOUND AND UPPERSPEEDDIAL HAS BEENSETON RED20-r (U-LUST. E).. 2. WINDING SHUTTERAND FIIMTo wind shutter and wind film; turn winding knob in direction indicated by arrow until it stops. By turning this knob until it reachesa stop position, the film is advancedfor the next exposure,thus preventing any possibility of a double exposure. Knob serves dual purpose, as it also winds shutter sprinq. o b0 |r. v,. -v H. F B F ,ta 0). J1. CAUTION: Always wind shutter just prior to taking picture. Never leave camera in a wound position; this may weaken shutter spring, or you might accidentally pressreleasebutton and expose film..

(8) SMAtt ARROW N U M B E R ED DI S K R A I S E Dt U G S. 3. EXPOSURE COI'NTER MECHANISM-. The nurnbered disc iust beneaththe winding knob (Illust. F) is the expcsure counter which automatically records number of exPosures. The counter "0" after should be set at camera has been loaded with new film and the shutter fully wound. This disc is turned in a clockwisedirection by twc raised lugs. If disc is "0", continue to push it on around a accidentallypushed beyond "0" with lines up small arrow. Do not attemPt to until time second in a directicn. counter-clockwise turn this disc. EXAMPLE After film has beenloadedinto camera(Seepages18-20), the winding knob should be turned oncearound in direction of arrow until it stoPs. Shutter releasebutton should then be pressedto releaseshutter. Once more, give the winding knob one full turn to the stoppedposition.This winds sufficient film ofi the full cartridge and on to the take-uP sPool so that the portion of film accidentally exPosedto light duting the loading processwill not be re-exposedas an attemPtedpicture.Thus, it will prevent fogged pictures at the beginning of film. The numbered "0" on disc is oPPositesmall arrow disc should then be set so the (Illust. F). Shutterreleasebutton should again be Pressed,and the next time the winding knob is turned into position it will automatically advancefilm and bring disc to a stoP on number one on counting disc' This indicatesyou are ready to take your first picture.. www.orphancameras.com.

(9) RANGEFINDER 4. COUPTED Your TOSTER 31 mrn camerahas a coupled rangefinder.It is coupled with a helical type focusing mount on the lens barrel. \(hen the lens barrel is turned by depressingknob cn focusinglever (Illust. A) and shifting lever in either direction,barrel automaticallyturns on a threadedtrack and movesforward or backward. Accordingly,the rangefinderis automaticallyput Correcl focus. b. into operation. The rangefinderon the TO\7ER 35 mm camera is image.type and absolutefocus is obtained when 2 the superimposed. images are superimposedupon each other and becomefused into a single image (Illust. G-b). The double image effect is produced bv means of micrometer mcvement of the fine mechanismindicated in Illust. GG. The small arm in this instanceis set againstthe inner base of the lens barrel. As the lens barrel is rotated and thereby moved backwardor forward, the leveling devicesadjust the mirror to such a precisiondegreethat when the 2 imagesare fused, the lens is in perfect focus. Note especiallythat all longer focal length lensesare interchangeablewith TO\}7ER, Nicca, and most Leica camerts which have coupled built-in rangefinders. The rangefindereye-pieceis constructedwith a miniature telescopehavthe accuing a magnificationof approximatelyl/2 times.This increases ftcy and easeof focusing your TO\7ER 31 mm cameta. The viewing.

(10) aperture of the eye-Pieceon the rangefinderis adjusted by turning "eyebrow rest" the small rotating. ,.EYEBROW RESI''. (Illust. J) on eye-piece.This compensatesfor slight difference in the human eye and facilitates the focusing on nearor distantobjectsto Prot o s s i b l es h a r p n e s s . d u c et h e g r e a t e sp. vIEwFINDER. R A N G E F l N D ER. IN USEOF RANGEFINDER5. PRACTICE Placecamerain position for picturetaking (Illust. K) and sight through the rangefinder (left) eye-pieceafld, at the same time, cover the left rangefinderwindow (Illust. A) with the middle finger. In this case, you will observeonly a small citcular field of a pinkish cast in which only what you are focusing on will be visible. Be sure that your eye is actually centered behind rangefinder eye-pieceso that you can get a completecircular field of the image. This position being assumed,you may now adjust the lens focusing lever to obtain the greatest possible sharpness.Keep object in center of field, then remove your finger from. O. left window of rangefinder. You will then see a double image of the. F. object in a much larger circular field (Illust. G-u). Now tutn focusing. a). lever until the two images are fused inio one (Iilust. G-b).. At this point. your lens is in correct focus. Practice this exercise until it becomes auto-. J. J. t. F B. rnatic and there is no need of placing finger over the left rangefinder win-. 'ln. dow. CAUTIONIt. o) J4. Do not confure. rangefi,ndertaindou (left). u'itb reg-. alar "-iewfntler taindow (rigbt) lac. l). '*1. www.orphancameras.com. l0. (il-. G'.

(11) 6. THE NIKKOR 5O mm t/2 IENSThe eariy TOWER 3t mm camera is equippedwith the f 12 50 mm lens, of the collapsibletype (Illust. L). The 50 mm lenses of the Leica, Nicca and TOS7ER cameras with coupled rangefinders al'e mostly interchangeable. Before taking a picture with the TO\7ER 3) mm camera it is quite obviousthat the iens cap should be reuroved.Next puil out lens, grasping only front knurled ring (Illust. L). Take care that only the FRONT KNURLED RING is gripped between the fingers. Do not make a mistake and grip the second knurled ring which ser.,'esto adjust the apertlrre.This secondring is used to adjust the deiicateaperture within the lens, and if the lens barrel were to be pulled out by secondring, and given a sharp hard turn clockwise into locking position, it might damage the delicate metal leavesin the iris diaphragmwithin the lens. Lock the lens into position by turning it in a ciockwisedirectionuntil it stops.This brings the small flangesinto the groovesinside the lens mount. To push lens back into camerabody, simply take hold of outer knurled ring and turn in a COUNTER-clockwise direction. This disengagesflanges from groovesin baseof lens mount. Then simply shovelens back into body of crrnera. $Zhen lens is not in use it should be collapsedinto its rlount ancl the lens cap placed on its front. The lens focusing lever should also be locked at the infinity position (m ) by pressing knob on end of lever, which permits shifting lever into locked position. Long focal length lensessuch as the 85 mm and "telephoto" lenses),are 135 mm (so-called focusedby means of the knurled ring and are non-coilapsible.Tirere is no lens focusing leveron theselenses.(Seepages2)-)0.). ll.

(12) 'i I. i. $ L. I I t I. NOTE ESPECTALLY! Presentmodcl TOWER cameras areequipped with the non-collapsible typelens (Illust. M). In tl.riscasethereis nothing to pull out. Simply take the lens cap off before taking picture.. The non-collapsiblelensesfocus as closeas l/2 feet. The rangefinder, howevet,doesnot operatefcr distances lessthan 312 feet,so any pictures taken at less than 3r/2 feet will have to be measuredwith a tape from camerato subject,and tl.recorrespondingdistanceset on distance scalewith focusinglever.. $7hen measuringsucl.rshort distanccs,alwaysfireasurefrom subjectto cdttera back, not to front of lens. Accuraterreasufementis extremely importanton close-upwork, bccausethe depth of field is so smali.. N O T E : A l l N I K K O Rl e n s e so r e o f t h e h i g h e s qt u o l i t yo p t i c o lg l o s so n d the very bestworkmonshiphos been expendedlo produceo precision g r o u n d , h i g h l y p o l i s h e dl e n s . H o w e v e r ,i n t h e m o n u f o c t u r i n g ond o s s e m b l i nogf t h e l e n so c c o s i o n o l ol ys m o l ls p e c ko r b u b b l ew i l l o p p e o r mison the inner surfocesof the gloss. Thesemorkingsore sometimes token os blemishes,but they ore simply the chorocteristics of high grode lensesond will not odverselyoffect picturequolity. The slightly blue cooting of the lens is not olwoys uniformlydepositedover the glosssurfoce.Agoin,this is not o defect,but o chorocieristic of fluoride lens cooling.. 7. CHANGING. LENS-fle. flangeon the TOWER 3t mrn. camera facilitates rapid inicrchange of lenses of various focal lengths, and insures absolute accuracy. A lens is simply screwed firmlv into oo-. 12 www.orphancameras.com.

(13) sition by turning the entire mount in a clockwisedirection. \fhen inserting lens or removing it, be sure lens is gripped at the base of the lens mount adjacent to camerabody (iliust. N). SThenrernovinglens, it is well to turn focusing lever in a counter-clockwisedirection until it stops.This grves you a nrm SfrP on the lensmount and permits easein removalof lens.On the other hand, when inserting lens, the rangefinderlever should be turned in a clockwise direction until it stops. This again will give you a firm grip at the baseof the lens so that the lens can be turned into position. The helical focusing type rnount will automatically couple with the rangefindermechanismwhen lens is seatedin proper position. Hold cameraby left hand when changing lenses.Grip the lens as describedabovewith the right hand, and loosenit in the flange by a slight quick jerk in a COUNTER-clockwisedirection.Then simply unscrewlens. Do likewise when screwing lens into body of camera. Focusinglever must be in the infinity position before lens is screwed into the flange. NOTE. ESPECIALLY:. When chonging lenses,the opening into. the comero body with the lens removed should not be exposed lo o slrong light. lt is odvisobleto hold the comero in subdued light or ogoinstthe body during time lens is out of the comero,if the comero is looded.. I l3.

(14) 8. VIEWFINDER.Thc l.uilt-in r icufin.lcr is an ol.tirall) grr>urr,l. encl shou's thc rl)l)roxilr ttc ficld covcrtd by typc finrler dircct-r'isior-r of 5 o t l ' r el e n s o i t h e o r < l i n a r ) , l n n r s t r r n r l l r t li o c a l l c n { t h l c n s . B c . s u r c t o h o l d i t l e v c l u ' i t l ' r t h e c t ' e . I f o n c * ' c r c t o l o o k o n , r b i a s t h r o r - r g ht h c v i c u ' t i n d e ru ' i n c l o u , i, t r r i g h t n o t s h o w t h c c n t i r c l - i c t r - r r c . l c s i r e . l . ' I ' h e r c ' forc, i,ou rnust be slrre that 1'oLrbrirrg ),olrf c),c as rlosc to the licu'firrtlcr l s p o s s i b l c .( L c n s c so f l o n g c r o r s l r o r t c r f o t ; r l l c n g t h s , r v e i l a b l ci o r t l r t T O ! r ' E R . J i n r n t ( i u l r e r ar e c l u i r ct h r t r s c o i f l - r cU r r i v c r s a l\ i i c u i l n r l c r . r i h i c l r l i t s i n t o t h c a t c o ; s o f vs h o c o r r t o 1 . o i r e l r c r a ( S c c p r L g c1 l ) .. 9. EXPTANATION OF APERTUREDIAPHRAGM A c a r r e r al e n s i s v c r l s i n r i l a r t o t h c h u n t a t rt 1 ' c . \ Y ' h c r rt l r u c 1 t i t t t . . J i n r r d a r k r o o n r t h c l L r l i l b c c o r r c sc n l . r r g c dt o r r d n r i tn r o r c l i g h t . \ X ' h c r r i n a l i g h t c r a r c a . t h c p L r p i l b e c o m c ss n t a l l . [ t v r r r i c s ; r r c o r d i r - rtgo t h c 'l i n t e n s i t yo i l i g h t r e a r h i n g t h c c 1 ' c . h c c a r r c r , rl c n s h a s r . r o- s u t ha u t o tnetit tlusr ular systenr,lntl, ls .r rcsult. it tnLrstbc trtcth.rntcltlly eclj u s t c d a c c o r d i n g t o t h c i n t e n s i t v o i l i g h t o n t h c o b j c c t t < - rb c p h o t o .'1.r-r1.il" "iris rlirror g r a p h c d . T h i s o l r c n i r r go r c l o s i n s o i t h c s o - c t r l l c d j u s t c d ( ; r k r r r r r l c d r i n g I l l ust. I c n s i s l r t f h c . t i s e o i o i t h c a c l Ihregnr" A Apcrture Atljustrrcnt Ring),. SCATEI O. EXPLANATIONOF APER.TURE Thc tigurcs bttu,ccn tl'rc irontrrl knurlcd ring arrrl tltc serotrrl krruricd r i n g f q p 1 a i 1tl o t h c i r i s t l i a p h r a g r r r v i t h i n t h e l c r r , sb . r r r c l ( l l l L r s t . A ; . J-hc)' rcl.rescrrtthc rclative .t|crtLlrc'ofcniltgs ancl rcguletc thc antourtt o i l i g h t t o b c a d n r i t t c de i c o r . l i n g t o t h c i n t e n s i t l ' o f t h e I i g h t o n t h c . s i r b j c c tt o b c p h o t o g r a p h c d .I n t h c t a s c o f t h c f 2 l c r r st h e f i g u r c s r r t a s f o l l o u s - . i ' 2 i n d i c ; r t c si h : r t t h c l c n s i s u ' i d e o p c r r , f 2 t l . i . " 1 . i / s . r r . i /s. i ,l I lntl i, I (, rcl.rcsent the rcrrrrinrns ofenrngs. T'ht: | / I (r is thc strallest fossible opening u'ith thc i,/2 lens- You shotild llr','aysrcttrcntb e r t h l t t l ' r cs i z c o f t h c a [ . c r t u r cv a r r c si n i n d i r c c t | r o | o s 1 i s 6 t o t h c s i z c of tl'rc nunrbcr. Iror exanrple.i I is tl-rcsmallcst nt-ttlbcr. but rcPrcscnt-s t h e u , i d c s t l e n s a f e m t u r c o n t h c 1 o I r l r t t f / 2 l c n s . ( - o n v e r s e l l ' l.- I ( i r r - ' r l u c ' e st h c l c n s a l c r t u r c t o t h c s n t r L l l c : sp to s s i b l co 1 ' c r r i r r g .. v www.orphancameras.com. 14.

(15) I I. APERTURE DIAPHRAGMADJUSTMENT'l'he. or setting of the lcn-s.llerture r'an Lrc clcterlttir-rcd proper oper-rir"rg. by usc of irn exfosLrrenretcr. It is u,cll to rctlcrnbcr that tl-restraller the apcliups, thc longcr thc' exposr-rre. In othcr u'ords, if thc lpcrturc is stoppcd clown to thc- next highcst ligurc. thc tinrc cf cxp o s u r e n r u s t L r e p r a c t i c a l l yd o u b l c d .. I"or cxlmplc. if thc cxposurc. r u c l e r i n c l i c a t e isl n e x p o s L l r et i n r c o f l . , i ( r 0o f e s e c o n du ' i t h i , r i . ( r ; r 1 - - c : r t u r c o p c n i p g , t h c t i m e n r u s t b c d o u b l e , l i l " t h c d i r r p h r ' ; r g ni rs s t o p p e c i rlow,n to i,i8. l'his nrc'ansthat the shuttcr spccd diel u'oulcl thcn bc s e t o n I / J o o i a s e r o r r d .n ' h i c h g i v c s a l o n g e r t i n r c o f c x l r o s u r et h ; r n I , " ( r o o f r s e c o n c l . I i a n r o v i n g o b i e c t i s t o b c p h o t o g r a p h c d ,i t i s <1uitco[l,ior-rsthat you u,oulrl sclect a short cxposurc tirtte in orc]er to 'Ihis ri'oLrlclnrcan cpening thc lens to aclrnit stoF the object in nrotion. rrorc liglrt during;r shortcr ex[)csLrre pcriod. If, orr thc othcr h.rrr.l. you har,c a still objcct and there is no ncecl for l frrst sl'ruttcr spcr:cl, you (:ur thcn stop clor'vn your diaphragnt slightly anrl increrrsetlic tit-neoi cXfosllfq. At ntettliortetlott Prqe 6, ;l.ttrlter.tPeel.,oll.ter ll.ttttt l/,r'te lrtrketl ott .speet/tli,tl., tltotl,l nol l;c dlletttplel .. Note thet ]()\X/ER (irnrrras arc cngrrved with thc ELrrofsxll systctttcf l n a r k i r - r g sf o r l p c r t u r c ; r n r l s h u t t c r s p e c d s a n d , i r r r t t l n y i n s t ; r n c e s , with this systcnr. Hou'evcr, c-xPcsurclnctcrs a.renot nrlrkcci to lre r-rsec] rnctcr is nrarked to be Lrscclu,ith cither the Anreritarr or European systenr. Accorcling to thc cxposlrre lttctcr [:cing uscd, a s c t t i n g o i i ; ' 2 m a y b c r e q u i r c d o n t h e i r i s d i a p h r a g n ro f t h e T O N 7 E R 1l rrrrr (arnen. At thc sanretirr-rc.thc cxposure tinre nray bc indicated tlrc ncw l'O\fER. e s 1 , / ' i 8 o o l ' ; r s e c o n d . [ n t h i s c : r s cy o u s h o u l d s c t t h e s h u t t e r a t l . . i ( i O of a secorrdbccausethcrc is no tttethotl by r.r'hich\!'c (ilrt set the shuttcr r t 1 , , ' J 8 (o) i a s c c o n . l . I n , r l l i n s t a n c e st,h c r c i s c n o u g h l c e u , i r yi n t h e hlnr to trccor.r.rnrocllrc thcsc snrall ,iiscrel.ancics.Ii, on thc otl-ier hand. y o u r c x p o s l r r er r e t c r i n d i c a t e st h a t y o u s e t t h e t i r l l e a t t . / 2 5 o f ; l s c c o n t l , y o u ( ; u r ; r l s o s c t y o u r T O \ W E R - J i r l n r ( i l m c t i l i l t 1 . , i 2 0o f a . s e c o n di l n d are be pcrfcctly sefc in:;cturir-tg tl're Pro1.1vcxPosurc. Tl-re,-lilTerer-rces not grcat cnoush to nrake an1' apprcciablc differencc in ex1'rosures.. l5.

(16) DISTANCE SCAtE IN FEET. 12. DISTANCESCATEON FOCUSING RINGNfhen the 2 images are brought together by turning the lens focusinglever to the proper position, you can then read the distancescale in feet as indicated on focusing ring on flange (Illust. P).. DEPIH OF FIEI SCATE. The letterR indicqtesthe positionot whichfocusingshouldbe set when using on infro red film. In ofher words, if you hoppen to bring the lens into focus ond the distoncescole indicotesthot you ore l0 feet owoy, you shouldthen movethe focusingleverso os to sel the I0 foot mork oppositeR. The lens is then in focuswhen using infrs red film. To repeot, the lens is focusedin the usuol mqnner qnd the helicol mount is fhen turned until the index R pointsto thot positionon the distqncescolewhichwos indicotedin lhe firsf ploce by lhe moin index.. range of sharpness of 13. DEPTH OF FIEID SCATE-The any lens is called the depth of field and dependson the relative aperture settingand the distanceto the subjecton which the lens is focused. The depth of field actually indicatesmaximum sharpnessobtainable in a certain plane at a distancefrom the subjectphotographed. This plane covers a certain distance in front of the subject and a certain distancebehind the subject. \Tithin these areasobjects are in focus. The smaller the aperture being used, the greater the depth of field. In other words, with a small aperturethings becomesharp far beyond the subjecton which the lens is focused,whereasthe larger the aperture the smaller the depth of field and things become diffused and out of focus beyond the subject. In order to determinejust what is in sharp focus within the depth of field range at a given lens aperture and distance,a special scale is. www.orphancameras.com.

(17) cngreved or.rtl.rcbase of thc lens mount (Illust. P). Notc that the lens al)ertllre scale in the case of the 5tt nrtr ir,2 lens is cngravcd on both s i c l c so f t h c n r a i n i n c l c x ( s m a l l b l a c k t r i a n q l c ) . I n t h i s c a s e ,i t u ' o u l d b c c a l i b r r t c d f r o n i f 2 t o f 1 1 6 . T h r o u g h t h e u s c o f t h i s s c a l e ,o n e cen thcn dctcrrninc thc clistanccin front lntl bchintl thc subject on r"'hich lcns is actLrallyiocusc.l to obtain suliiciently' sharp focus. If thc aferture is sct at ii.l et a distancc of (r fcet, thc scalc inclicatesthc .lepth of hcld u'hich rangcs ironr approxirnatcly 5l,f ieet to about 6f{ 'l'his fcct. indicates there is rr vcry sl'rortclepth oi ljcld u'hcr.rthe lens is opcn at f7.1 and )'ou arc relatively close to thc sLrbjccton u'hicl.ryou rrc focusir.rg.On tl're otl'rer hand, u'her.rthe lens is stopped dou'n to i,./I I ancl for usecl on r subject 15 fcet arvay, all objects u'ithin the range of approximately 9 feet front thc crLmerato about -il feet are u'iihin focus. If u.c u'erc to focus thc lens on a subject 15 feet au'ay' with the sr.nallcstapcrture possiblc of l,tl6. then the objccts within the range of approxinrately il feet to ah'r'rostintinity u,ould be in focus.. When taking lan.lsclpcs or distance sl'rots,mcrely' sct tl-rc catnera on infinity ancl stop tl.relcns rlor'"'nto as finc an aperturc irs possible,light Fcrnrittir.re,and 1'ou u,ill find that lrrecticrlly ci'crything frorn I fcet to infinity will be in fot us. l'his lattcr setting is n'tost ur.rivcrsallyusecl u,hen irs largc l forcgror-rnrlrLspossible is to bc included in a landscape.. Bear in mind, eslcrizrlly, that the mirxilrtr.unsharpnessobtainable lies in a plane at the distanceto which thc focuscd lcns has been set. Tl.rcrcforc, for a clistanreshot of a statuc or house rl,her-rthc foreground cirn be neglectecl,thc focusing scale for all practicel purposes should always bc set on intrnitl'. This sirnplihes the usc of thc TO\WER J5 rnnr (rLrlcra bccrrusc,for all nrountirin s(cnes, \'ou Lan lock your camefa at infrrrity ancl shoot all day. adjusting only the aferture ancl shutter speed ercording tcl the light valucs as registeredby I'our cxposure meter. For the beginner. we a.clvisethat he worrv ver)'littlc about the depth of "pictr-rre taking" fieicl sralc. Let it suflicc to say that tl.reain.rof the lirst should bc merell' satisfactoryresr-rlts.. t7.

(18) NOTE: For londscopesond similor obiects the comero should be stopped down to f/5,6 or f/8 with lens ot infinity. Of course,this is olso to be governed ogoin by the light volues os indicoted on exposure meter. For condid snopshols,stop down to 1/5.6 ond focus fo the mosl importont port of the subiect,ond for portroits try io use os lorge on operfure os possibleond focus oround the eyes of the individuol being photogrophed.. 14. TOADING THE CAMERAAlways load camera in subdued light. However, with magazile or cartridge type loading,* such as is used in the TO\7ER 3t mm camera,one canload it in normal room light. Follow these steps: l. Be sure to set the reversinglever on A (Advance) Illust. R. \7hile camerais still empty, turn winding knob to stop and pressshutterrelease. 2, Place cameraon pad, newspaper,or Sears catalog to give it cushioning Never placeyour cameraon a hard surfacewhen working with it. Place cameraUPSIDE DOItrN, with lens facing away from you. 3. Open cameraby picking up lcck lever (iilust. S) on baseplate and turning frorn S (shut) to O (open). Then lift the base plate ofi (Illust. T). In some instances, the bottom r-,,ill be very tight and a stiff pull will be necessarvto remove it.. *NOTE:rne35mmmosozines thot ore now on lhe mqrket hold o strip of film which is odequote for the toking of 36 exposures or' 20 exposures,24x36mm in size. www.orphancameras.com. a:t ,i-,. i.

(19) 4. \Tithdraw take-up spool (Iilust. U) frorn open camera. Hold this spool in left hand and loaded filrn rnagazine in right hand. Be sure knurled knob on take-up spool, and the centertube on mag zine arepointed downward (Illust. V). Inseit end of the film under spring on take-up spool. Push it under spring as far as possible. Perforatededge of fiLn should lie flush with flange of spool adjacentto knurled knob. Do not attemptto wind film around core of take-upspool. T A K EU P SPOOt. o bo |r. a j4. FItM MAGAZINE. 5. \7hen film is secureunder spring, draw it out of the magazrne not more than 2 perforationsbehind the trimmed edge. Do not pull the film out of the cartridge anv further than is indicated in Illust. N7. 6. Hoid take-up spool antl. F .t, 6) J(€. fll gazine as in lllust. X, and KNOB KNUR,tED lon'er thern into camera, making sure film settles into slot along back of camera. Do not use any force. If cartridge does not seat readily, turn rewind knob (Illust. A) slightiy so prongs will fit into base of cartridge..

(20) fu-, 7. \7hile the bottorrr plate is still off. it is alwaysadvisable to wind film by turning winding knob before replacing bottom. Make one full turn, making sure cogs engage correctly in perforations of film (Illust. Y). Pressreleasebutton to releaseshutter. If the small cogs mesh in the perforations, you are ready to replaceplate. 8. Replacebottom of cameraby hooking it over pin on end of camera adjacentto take-upspool (Illust. T) and closing it down. Turn locking mechanisrn to S (shut). 9. Turn winding knob one full turn after bottom has been closed. Pressreleasebutton. Again turn winding knob one full stop. Then "O". set counter to Pressreleasebutton; your camerais now ready for use. rVhen the winding knob is again turned to cock shutter and advancefilm, you will notice that the counter disc stops on No. 1, and you are ready to take your first picture. As you turn winding knob, note especiallythat the rewind knob turns in a counter-clockwisedirection; this will be in an opposite direction to arrow on rewind knob. If the windiog knob fails to turn, or if you hear any crunching within camera,stop immediatelyand turn small reverselever (Illust. A) from A to R; then'rewind film, open base plate, remove film cartridge and reloadcamera.. 20 www.orphancameras.com.

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