UNIT 1

Sustainable Development

– Developed in 1970s

- Maintaining a delicate balance

Green building

Design, Construction, Operation, Maintenance, Renovation, Demolition

GREEN BUILDING

(Green Contruction or

sustainable building)

materials Energy

Reducing impacts on human health and

environment

For entire life cycle of a building

Water

Great impact on

IMPORTANCE OF GREEN BUILDINGS

Why sustainability important in

construction?

• _{Generation of waste materials}

• _{Emissions from vehicles, machineries}

• _{Noise pollution due to use of heavy vehicles and}

construction machineries.

• _{Releases of wastes and pollutants into water,}

1. Wastes from demolition of building

and structures

•

Hazardous to environment – without EIA

•

Recycle and reuse of the demolished building

materials

Construction Activities – Impacts on

Sustainability in Construction and

How to make construction waste sustainable?

• Eliminate – avoid producing construction waste in the first place.

• Reduce – minimize the amount of waste you produce. • Reuse – reuse the construction wastes in other works. • Recover (recycling, composting, energy) – recycle what

you can only after you have reused it.

2. Use of Sustainable Building Materials

• _{Sand-and-gravel mining - Erosion, degradation of rivers,}

destruction of aquatic habitat, large changes in the channel morphology.

• _{Alternate to river sand is Manufactured Sand (MSand)}

-reduce impacts of mining river sand

3. Energy Consumption and Green House Effect

• _{40% green house gases – construction and operation of}

buildings

• _{Use of transparent concrete – reduce use of energy for}

Green Building Materials List

• _Aluminum

• _Rock

• _{Thatch (grass)}

• _{Brush (plant parts)} • _Ice

• _{Mud and Clay} • _Fabric

• _Ceramics

• _{Foam (insulator)} • _{Lime stone}

• _{Petrochemicals}

(Plastics and adhesives

• _{Rammed Earth (Sand, clay, soil)} • _Steel

• _Metal • _{Fly ash} • _Wood

• _{ECO surfaces (Tire rubber)}

• _{Faswell -} Mineral-treated woodchips bonded with cement

• _{Durisol -}

• _{Fly ash Stone Powder-Cement Bricks} • _{Cast-in-situ fly ash walls}

Fly ash increases strength, reduces permeability, reduces corrosion of reinforcing steel,

increases sulphate resistance, and reduces alkali-aggregate reaction. Provide higher strength, fly ash continues to combine with free lime, increasing compressive strength over time

•Slip resistant,

•Weather resistance,

Meets indoor air quality emissions standards.

•Slip resistant,

•Weather resistance,

Meets indoor air quality emissions standards

•Lightweight,

• Land fill and landscape

• _{Calcium silicate bricks - fly ash in place of quartz sand}

• Fly ash-lime-gypsum product named ‘Fal-G’ (cement replacement)

• _{Sintered light weight aggregate (Aggregate substitutes stone chips )}

• _{Cellular light weight concrete (fly ash, cement) – High rise building – reducing}

the dead weight.

• _{Autoclaved aerated concrete (fly ash, quick lime or cement and gypsum )}

• Stabilized mud fly ash bricks (mud fly ash blocks stabilized with lime, cement )

• Clay fly ash bricks (Twenty to fifty per cent fly ash with soil)

• _{Structural insulated panels (polystyrene foam sandwiched between oriented}

strands boards that provide structural framing, insulation)

• _{Cellulose insulation (made from recycled newspaper}

and other recycled paper products – sound insulator)

• _{Terrazzo (recycled glass and cast concrete)} • _{Green paint (low VOC paints )}

• _Bamboo

• _{Adobe (basically just dirt that has been moistened with}

water)

• _{Cob (earth and straw or other fibers)}

• _{Cordwood (short, round pieces of wood)} • _{Earthbag (sandbags)}

• _{Lightweight concrete} • _{Paper concrete}

Advantages of clay fly ash bricks

•

Fuel requirement is considerably reduced as

fly ash contains some percentage of unburnt

carbon.

•

Better thermal insulation.

Selection criteria for green

material

A) Resource efficiency

1. Recycled content

2. Natural and renewable

3. Resource efficient manufacturing process

4. Locally available

5. remanufactured

B) Indoor Air Quality (IAQ): 1.Low or non toxic – no CFCs

2.Minimal chemical emissions - VOCs 3.Moisture resistant

4.Healthfully maintained – non-toxic mtd of cleaning

5.Systems or equipment – promotes IAQ

D) Water Conservation:

•

Products and systems - help reduce water

consumption in building and conserve water

in landscaped areas.

E) Affordability:

cost effective

Site and Landscaping for Green Building:

•

basic amenities within walking distance of

housing

•

excessive plantations

•

plant species should be based on its water

requirement

•

For Projects larger than 1 hectare, remove top

soil and preserve for reuse on site.

•

A pH of 6.0 to 7.5 and organic content of not

less than 1.5% by mass needs to be maintained.

•

recycling plastic requires less water than

•

Landscape pavers - recycled plastic

•

Porous pavement system

•

rat trap bond developed by Lauri Baker, which

require less number of bricks and are more

Source of Material

•

Renewable source

•

Reuse of Waste -e.g. old plumbing, door

frames, Bagasse Board

• _{Reduce –Air pollution (cement paints), water}

pollution, land pollution (flyash bricks)

• _{Reduce material use: e.g. Ferrocement}

• _{Durability and lifespan}

• _{Energy conservation (precast slabs, aerated}

concrete blocks, CFL lamps, Dual flush toilets)

• _{Recycle: eg- steel, aluminum}

• _{Sun dried bricks, clay roofing, calcium silicate}

• _{Water, polyurethane and acrylic based chemical admixtures for corrosion removal, rust}

prevention, water proofing

• _{Epoxy Resin System, Flooring, sealants, adhesives and admixtures} • _{Ferro-cement boards for door and window shutters}

• _{Ferro-cement Roofing Channels}

• _{Fly-ash Sand Lime Bricks and Paver Blocks}

• _{Gypsum Board, Tiles, Plaster, Blocks, gypsum plaster fibre jute/sisal and glass fibre composites} • _{Laminated Wood Plastic Components}

• _{Marble Mosaic Tiles}

• _{MDF Boards and Mouldings} • _{Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles} • _{Particle Boards}

• _{Polymerised water proof compound} • _{Polymerised water proof compound}

• _{Portland Pozzolana Cement Fly-ash / Calcinated Clay Based} • _{Portland Slag Cement}

• _{RCC Door Frames}

Recommended eco-friendly

alternatives

• _{Structural system - Fly-ash / Slag / Calcinated}

Clay/ Sand and aggregate from pulverized debris

• _{Masonarty - Use of Fly ash + sand + lime bricks /}

blocks - Pulverized debris + cement bricks / blocks, etc.,

• _{Plastering - Calcium Silicate Plaster, Cement}

• _{Roofing and ceiling - Fibre Reinforced Polymer}

Plastics Instead of PVC, Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles, Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets

• _{Flooring, paving and road work - Fly ash /}

industrial waste / pulverized debris blocks

• _{Tiles : Cement Tiles, phospho-Gypsum Tiles,}

Bamboo Board Flooring

• _{Windows, Doors and openings - Pre-cast R.C.C.}

Frames/ Frameless Doors, Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Frames, hollow recycled steel channels and recycled Aluminium, channels and

•

Electrical - recycled aluminum and brass

components

•

Water supply, Sanitary and Plumbing System

-

Polymer Plastic (Random) hot / cold water

system

•

Wood: Plywood should be phenol bonded

Cool roof system for buildings

•

Reduce heat

•

Thermal emittance

•

Saving of energy costs

•

Increase only 10 F (coloured roof - 90 F)

•

Savings on summer

•

Reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas

emission

GREEN ROOF

•

2-4 inches soil

•

Sedum, alpines, succulents, grasses and

mosses

•

Two types – 1. intensive roofs (thicker), 2.

• _{What is LEED?}

• _{LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)}

is an internationally recognized green building

certification system, providing third-party verification that a building or community was designed and built using strategies aimed at improving performance

across all the metrics that matter most: energy savings, water efficiency, CO2 emissions reduction, improved indoor environmental quality, and stewardship of

resources and sensitivity to their impacts.

• _{Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC),}

Green Buildings in Chennai

-Hotel Rain Tree

• _{The hotel has adopted}

a set of eco-friendly steps

without compromising quality for the customers.

• _{Water for the airconditioners}

is processed and recycled using a sewage treatment plant which helps preserve water resources.

• _{The heat generated by the air}

TCS, Siruseri

• _{The building is constructed using}

highly efficient solar control glass that reduces the radiations from sunlight and also keeps the office cool which again translates to

better power savings due to

reduced power consumption by air coolers!

• _{The IT office has also been actively}

involved in water conservation and waste reduction and also employs composters and digesters to

Anna Centenary Library

located at Kotturpuram, Chennai and has also been awarded the LEED Gold rating.

• _{An artificial tree is established at}

the middle of the library to promote awareness about conservation of trees.

• _{Water is recycled by an on-plant}

Government Super Specialty Hospital

• _{Govt. Super Specialty}

Hospital which is located at Triplicane contributes to

the ever-growing list

World Bank

•

The World Bank is

located at Tharamani

and is a certified green

building.

•

The office boasts of

water recycling plant,

carbon sensors,

Olympia Tech Park

• _{certified LEED Gold rating by}

the U.S Green Building Council.

• _{The establishment is well}

endowed with a sewage

treatment plant which recycles water that is used for urinals and other bathroom needs.

• _{It is built in such a way that it}

allows natural lighting to come in which reduces the wastage of energy due to lighting

Express Avenue

• _{The mall is covered with}

windows made up of an

environmentally-conservative material or more specifically with tensile fabric. It also has an in-built sewage

Merits of flyover

•

Plays main role in streamlining the traffic

control system.

•

Plenty of time is saved avoiding congestion.

•

Pollution effect is reduced

•

Flyovers reduce the risk of accidents

•

Flyovers also contribute a lot to the aesthetics

of the city. The persons traveling on the

Demerits of flyover

• _{Require a large area and also it is costly}

• _{Lack of proper management in the flyover}

construction may cause many problems.

• _{The risk of accidents is reduced but in case an}

accident occurs the loss may be more. As the vehicle is at high elevation, during accidents there is more chance of losing life.

• _{As the people who cannot risk their lives in}

What is Sustainable Energy?

• _{Sustainable energy is a form of energy that meet}

our today’s demand of energy without putting them in danger of getting expired or depleted and can be used over and over again. Sustainable energy should be widely encouraged as it do not cause any harm to the environment and is available widely free of cost.

• _{All renewable energy}

What is Geothermal

Energy?

• _{Utilize temperature} of the earth’s core. • _{Direct use: District}

Heating System • _Electricity

generation

Electricity Generation

•

Dry Steam Power Plant: Uses the

Hydro Electric Power (Hydel Power)

Operating Principle

•

Hydro-electric power is generated by the flow

of water through turbine, turning the blades of

the turbine.

•

A generator shaft connected to this turbine