Developing Post Disaster Recovery Frameworks

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Developing Post Disaster Recovery Frameworks

Raja Rehan Arshad Team Leader – Sustainable Recovery, GFDRR Disaster and Crisis Recovery Operations for Increased Resilience

JVI, September 10-14, 2012

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Why The Need for a Recovery Framework

Recovery delays prolong the suffering of disaster affected people and could lead to non-resilient reconstruction of social, physical and productive infrastructure –

RECOVERY CANNOT WAIT

 Following a disaster, large public investments are needed

 Countries often experience a major influx of assistance without being fully prepared

The recovery process can be severely hampered by the lack of an effective policy environment and inadequate institutional capacities

Insufficient or ineffective institutional coordination can cause disparate approaches

There is limited attention span after a disaster and a prolonged assessment without a robust recovery framework could lead to missed opportunities in recovery

The Recovery Framework will facilitate multi-sector recovery planning, prioritization, sequencing of activities, funding decisions, strong stakeholder coordination; and high

stakeholder confidence in the government’s recovery plan.

The Recovery Framework helps the transition from a chaotic emergency phase to a structured, coherent and resilient recovery – leads to resilient development

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Why The Need for a Recovery Framework Questions that the Recovery Framework helps answer:

Recovery &

Reconstruction

What are the needs in order to recover from this disaster and to

build longer term resilience?

How are these needs sequenced and prioritized? What is the demand for these

needs?

What are the institutional and implementation arrangements for

recovery?

What are the monitoring and

evaluation arrangements to know

if we are successful in the recovery?

What is the institutional capacity

for recovery and reconstruction?

What is the basis for the financing plan for

the recovery?

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Objectives

The Recovery Framework will help governments, donors and other stakeholders to:

 Maintain a cohesive and flexible structure for managing the overall recovery and

reconstruction process; including communication flows and information feedback loops;

 Clarify roles, responsibilities, and institutional arrangements to capitalize on the strengths of each stakeholder; and augment capacity where needed;

 Effectively prioritize, sequence, and drive multi-sectoral and cross-cutting recovery decisions, activities, and OPTIMUM allocation of resources;

 Systematically integrate disaster risk reduction in reconstruction and recovery; and

formalize policy and strategic linkages across recovery and regular development processes;

Operationalize recommendations and strategies outlined in disaster impact assessments;

 Assist in establishing robust and criteria-based monitoring and evaluation systems for recovery;

 Apply best practices from other countries to national contexts

The Objective: To provide a sequenced, prioritized, programmatic, yet flexible (living) overall action plan and stakeholder engagement mechanism that will guide the recovery

and reconstruction process

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The Recovery Framework as a Part of the DRM Continuum

The recovery and reconstruction process is an opportunity to build longer term resilience

Disaster Occurs

Response

Recovery Framework Disaster Risk

Reduction as a Part of Development

Outcome:

Minimize disaster impact

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Roadmap for the Recovery Framework (1/3)

Stage 2: Undertake the Post Disaster Needs Assessment - Ensuring that capacity and inputs are available towards developing an

RF

• Capacity Building - Training for RF development to be included along with the Needs Assessment training

• PDNA to clearly cost and articulate the various sector and cross cutting needs

• Availability of minimum acceptable Government and stakeholder capacities to work on recovery planning, coordination and program implementation

• Synthesis of macro and micro (household/personal) level and human impacts of the disaster

• Preliminary prioritization of sector needs

• Setup Government and inter agency working group to develop RF

Stage 2 Outputs: (1) Capacity to develop the RF;

(2) Needs (recovery, reconstruction and DRR) from all sectors and cross cutting areas; (3) Sector RFs; (4) Capacity assessment and delivery options Stage 1: Internal Process to Ascertain the

Extent of the Engagement- Ensuring that the situation warrants it and necessary

conditions are conducive

Government, donor and inter agency consensus per the Tripartite Agreement for developing an RF to support short and medium

to long term recovery

Stage 1 Outputs: Decision on nature of the PDNA and RF

Disaster Occurs

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Stage 3: Develop the Recovery Framework

Laying the Foundations for the RF

-Identification and capacity building of recovery institutions

- Formalize institutional structure, implementation arrangements and delivery mechanisms - Establish the guiding principles and priorities for recovery

- Establish criteria for prioritization

- Stock taking of humanitarian and early recovery interventions already in progress to complement and ease transition into recovery without duplication

- Stock taking of existing programmatic interventions of government and key partners for synergy - Restoration of essential services and meeting humanitarian needs

Preparing the RF

Consultative meeting chaired by Government and including representatives from ministries, development partners, CSOs etc Strategic Prioritization of Needs

- within and between sectors Sequencing of Needs

- What is urgent vs. what is important

- Categorization of needs by time - into short, medium and long term interventions – Transitional Recovery Framework (TRF) - Categorization of needs by geography - into districts, provinces etc

Programming of Needs

- Ascertaining the timeframe for implementation, responsible ministries, indicators for success etc - Ensure that DRR and other cross cutting issues are addressed within each sector

Disseminating the RF

- Peer review by stakeholders

Refinement of RF based on Donor Inputs and Resource Realities - Continued refinement of RF design

- Institutional capacity building to undertake recovery - Design of M&E system

Stage 3 Output: The RF - a sequenced, prioritized, programmatic, yet flexible overall action plan that should be implemented in order to ensure a successful recovery from the disaster

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Stage 4: Implement the Recovery Framework

Projectization of Needs

- Division of labor by ministry, development partner etc - Detailed studies to inform projects

- Restoration of Essential Private and Public Infrastructure

Transformation Phase

- Efforts to catalyze sustainable development and DRR in the medium term

- Building upon earlier humanitarian programs

Periodic Reporting on Recovery

- M&E based performance management of recovery - Strategic course corrections

- Documentation of lessons learnt

Stage 4 Output: Periodic status and completion reports based on RF Performance Management Framework

Setup a Steering Committee and a Secretariat to oversee the recovery

Institutionalization of the RF and PDNA process within the Government - Data preparedness

- Customized guidance notes - PDNA experts

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PDNA and RF

• PDNA:

– is critical to inform the recovery financing need and broad recovery strategies – is critical for the Pledging Conference/Resource Mobilization

– should be done as early as possible when the disaster is still in the news – should be done before recovery gets going and is case in stone

• RF:

– should start during the PDNA process but should continue after the PDNA – should prioritize and sequence implementation depending on available

resources (both financial and human)

– should include a Transitional Recovery Framework (TRF) with priorities, sequencing for short-, medium-, and long-term. Short-term should be detailed as much as possible

– TRF should include: recovery costs, timelines, performance indicators, institutional arrangements, outcomes, etc., so that it can be used as a monitoring tool

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Key Ingredients of the Recovery Framework

Brings together key findings of sector assessments (Damages, Losses and Needs)

Prioritization of Recovery Needs

 Early Recovery Interventions (Cash for Work, Resumption of Markets, Commerce and Trade, Restoration of Social Services, and Temporary Shelter / Repairs)

 Reconstruction Plan (Housing, Infrastructure, Public Buildings, Cultural Monuments)

 Long-term Recovery Plan: Strengthening Infrastructure, Mitigation

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Implementation Time-frame (depending on scale)

 Early Recovery Interventions: Need to be implemented within three to six months of disaster event

 Reconstruction Plan to be implemented within three-five years (depending on the nature of the disaster)

 Long-term Recovery Plan: to be implemented along with development plans

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Institutional Arrangements

 special purpose agency

 district administration may be entrusted with the implementation on the ground

 substantive capacity-building support to implementing agencies

 arrangements for Fund flow, Technical Support, Monitoring and Evaluation, and Community Outreach

 principles of subsidiarity should be the key

Implementation Strategy - Generally a mix of the following

 Levels of Government – Federal, Province/District, Local, Sector Ministries

 Families and Communities

 NGOs / Civil Society Organizations

 Contractors

 Implementation Support Set up

Others

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Financing Plan

 Present sector-wise total cost of recovery and reconstruction spread over early-, short-, medium- and long-term

 Balance the Equation – i.e., equate needs with available funding

Technical Assistance

 Suggest an arrangement for technical assistance

 Cover all the sectors which are affected

 Integral part of the implementation set up

 Provided on an external basis through experts and specialists

 International agencies may support technical assistance

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Information, Education and Communication (IEC)

 Suggest an IEC Plan

 Affected population should be aware of government’s policies

 People need to be informed of choices and alternatives offered by recovery plan

 It is important to provide education in safe building practices, habitat improvement, natural resource management, etc.

 Outreach through media

 Ensure that a well-thought out communications strategy is in place

 Remember, once a message goes out, it is impossible to retrieve

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Social Inclusion, Resilience, and Participation

 Address the needs of weaker social segments

 Focus on improving resilience of people (Access to financial resources, knowledge, and better regulations)

 Seek women’s participation in planning and implementation of recovery

 Emphasize environment safeguards and disaster risk reduction

Grievance Redress

 Suggest a Set up for Grievance Redress

 It could be an independent authority

 Affected People should be able to approach the authority for redress of their grievances

 The decision of grievance redress authority should be obligatory for implementing agency

 There should be a provision for appeal

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Recovery Strategies

• Prioritization

– Start-up activities – detailed damage assessment – Feasibility and design

– Implementation

• Implementation

– Early Recovery

– Medium- to Long-Term Recovery and Reconstruction

• Institutional Arrangements

– Standard setting/coordination/M&E – Implementation

• Implementation Arrangements

• Financing Plan

• Technical Assistance

• Information, Education and Communication

• Social Inclusion and Participation

• Grievance Redress System

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Recovery Framework Sector Name:

Activities Est.

Cost

Indicative Time Frame

Implementing Entity

Suggested Indicator of Output/progress 6 months 2 years 4 years