Jaime Kelley, LEED AP BD+C, BPI Lawrence Lile, PE, LEED AP BD+C
Jaime: [email protected]314-406-3065 Lawrence: [email protected]573-657-0231
Transforming the Built Environment
U.S. Green Building Council – Missouri Gateway Chapter:
www.usgbc-mogateway.org 314-577-0854
Overview
•USGBC, GBCI, and LEED Basics
•LEED Credentialing Program
•Exam Content, Quizzes and Study Tips
Who Are We?
Jaime
Environmental Engineer, Urban Policy & Planning Professional, and Building/Envelope Analyst Managed 4 LEED Projects in St. Louis
Program Coordinator/Audit Specialist: Green Dining Alliance
Lawrence
Electrical/HVAC Engineer (PE), Certified Energy Manager, and Commissioning Agent
Involved with several LEED Projects in Mid-MO Chief Engineer & Proprietor, Lile Engineering
3
Who Are You?
Tell us:
2 professional facts 1 fun fact!
What ideas/expectations do you have for this
course?
•Cell phones silent, please!
•Facilitated discussion
•Schedule with breaks
90+/- minute increments Q&A throughout the day Lunchtime informal discussion End of day wrap-up
•Class engagement – dialogue & activities
•Circular review and overlapping information
•If we don’t know – we’ll get back to you!
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USGBC
USGBC – U.S. Green Building Council
7
Sustainability:
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs.
Derived from the Brundtland Commission of the U.N., 1987; also “Seventh Generation”
philosophy of the Native American Iroquois Confederacy
LEED
®– Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
USGBC provides education and research programs LEED is a 3rd party green building rating system
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LEED ®
LEED = Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
•Buildings are “certified”
•People are “accredited”
•Products are not LEED or USGBC endorsed, approved, or certified
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LEED is not Leeds
Leeds is a quaint town in
England.
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LEED v4 FAQ
How is LEED v4 different than the LEED 2009 rating system?
LEED v4 focuses on increasing technical stringency from past versions and developing requirements for new project typessuch as data centers, warehouses & distribution centers, hotels/motels, existing schools, existing retail, and mid-rise residential.
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http://www.usgbc.org/leed/v4
More about LEED V4:
How long will LEED 2009 be open for registration?
LEED 2009 will be open for registration until June 1, 2015.
Will LEED 2009 continue to be maintained?
USGBC intends to continue to use a combination of the processes available to maintain LEED 2009, per the LEED Foundations Documents, while in active use by projects.
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USGBC
To transform the way buildings and communities are designed, built, and operated, enabling an environmentally and socially responsible, healthy, and prosperous environment that improves
the quality of life.
GBCI
To support a high level of competence in building methods for environmental efficiency through the development and administration of a formal program of certification and
GBCI
GBCI – Green Building Certification Institute
•Established in 2008
•Separate entity from USGBC
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GBCI
Administers LEED Professional credentialing program
Green Associate Accredited Professional
Fellow
Provides 3rd party LEED project certification
LEED Green Associate
•Non-technical
•No specialties
•Can be 1st step to LEED Accredited Professional
•Adheres to LEED Professional Credentialing Requirements Tier I
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GBCI
LEED Accredited Professional Specialties
Building Design and Construction (BD+C) Operations and Maintenance (O+M) Interior Design and Construction (ID+C) Homes
Neighborhood Development
Adheres to LEED Professional Credentialing
Requirements Tier II
GBCI
LEED Fellow
Distinguished LEED APs who have made a significant contribution to the field of green building and
sustainability Eligibility:
LEED APs with specialty – 8 cumulative years as LEED AP.
Document a total of 10 years of experience in the green building field.
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Credential Maintenance Program
Program that facilitates LEED Professionals continuing professional development Includes levels:
LEED Green Associate
LEED AP ( O+M, Homes, BD+C, ID+C, ND)
2-year cycle of time during which continuing education (CE) hours must be achieved
If LEED Professionals do not complete these requirements, their credential expires
Requirements:
15 Continuing Education (CE) Hours per two-year reporting period
3 CE hours must be LEED-specific (in any specialty area)
CMP Costs:
$50 maintenance fee (every two years)
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Credential Maintenance Program
Requirements:
30 CE Hours required every two years
6 CE hours must be LEED-specific (specific to the same specialty area of their credential – BD+C, ID+C, etc.)
CMP Costs:
$50 maintenance fee (every two years)
Credential Maintenance Program
CE hours can be earned through:
• Education (includes both GBCI-approved
• and unapproved presentations)
•Volunteerism
•Authorship
•LEED Project Participation
Number of hours earned by engaging in each activity are unlimited, EXCEPT for Volunteerism which is limited to half of your required hours
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YOUR NAME (YOUR GBCI #)
Helpful Resources
NEW & IMPROVED!:Automated reporting. GBCI Education Providers now have the ability to automatically upload your CE hours for you when you
take their courses. (USGBC-MGC is an Education Provider!)
LEED Professionals can earn six free LEED-specific hours through the newly created Principals of LEED webinar series available on the GBCI website.Register
for Principles of LEED »
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Credential Maintenance Program
MORE INFO is available at:
http://www.usgbc.org/leed/credentials
or by contacting [email protected]
Candidate Handbook Download from website Register for the exam
Some applications (5-7%) will be audited!
GBCI – The TEST
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GBCI – The TEST
Reference Documents Hotlinks provided online (pdf) USGBC & GBCI websites
Information from these reference materials WILL be on the test!
Prometric Test Centers: computerized test,
flexible schedule
• Green Building & LEED Core Concepts Guide, 2nd edition** (available at www.usgbc.org/store)
• Green Office Guide: Integrating LEED Into Your Leasing Process, Section 2.4 (2009)
• LEED 2009 for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System (2009)
• LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance Reference Guide, Introduction (2009)
• LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance Reference Guide, Glossary (2008)
• LEED for Homes Rating System (2008)
• Cost of Green Revisited, by Davis Langdon (2007)
• Sustainable Building Technical Manual: Part II by Anthony Bernheim and William Reed (1996)
• The Treatment by LEED® of the Environmental Impact of HVAC Refrigerants (LEED Technical and Scientific Advisory Committee, 2004)
• Guidance on Innovation & Design (ID) Credits (2004)
• Credit Interpretation Rulings (gbci.org)
• Guide to Purchasing Green Power (2004)
• LEED 2009 for Operations & Maintenance Rating System (2009)
• LEED 2009 Minimum Program Requirements (2009)
• Construction Carbon Calculator (buildcarbonneutral.org) 41
LEED Reference Standards
Specific Reference Standards found in New Construction (NC) Rating System Guide – TEST WORTHY!
•Energy Star
•GreenSeal (paints & coatings)
•Green Label Plus (carpet)
•Green Label (carpet padding)
•FSC (wood and paper products)
How to keep this Mess Straight?
This naughty young boy has sealed his fate.
Paints SEAL Things GreenSeal is for Paints And Coatings
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How to keep this Mess Straight?
Carpets have LABELS On the Back
Green Label Plus is for
Carpets
Specific Reference Standards found in NC Rating System Guide – TEST WORTHY!
ANSI/ASHRAE
55-2004 (thermal comfort)
62.1-2007 (ventilation, indoor air quality) 90.1-2007 (energy use)
EPAct 1992 (water use, plumbing fixtures) More!
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ASHRAE? SMASHRAE!
How do I memorize all these ASHRAE standards?
If I was driving 55 with the windows down I would be comfortable
55-2004 (thermal comfort)
But if I was driving 62 with the windows down I would have more ventilation
62.1-2007 (ventilation, indoor air quality)
If I drove 90 I would use a lot of ENERGY
90.1-2007 (energy use)
LEED Terminology
Lots of TLAs (three letter acronyms) and terminology– TEST WORTHY!
•“Key Terms” in Study Guide
•“Glossary” in Core Concepts
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LEED Terminology
•ODP – Ozone Depletion Potential
•GWP – Global Warming Potential
•CFC – chlorofluorocarbon
•HCFC - hydrochlorofluorocarbon
•HFC – hydrofluorocarbon
•Halon – fire suppression systems (no longer manufactured)
•Natural Refrigerants –naturally occurring substances that are environmentally benign: CO2, NH3 (ammonia), H2O, HC (hydrocarbons), Air
•Montreal Protocol –an International Treaty that protects the ozone layer by banning CFCs (2010) and phasing out
• HCFCs (by 2030)
•Heat Island Effect – absorption of heat by hardscapes (roofs, buildings,
pavement)
•Green Roofs - a roof of a building that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and a growing medium, planted over a waterproofing membrane;
or roofs that use some form of "green"
technology, such as a cool roof, or a roof with PV modules
•SRI – Solar Reflectance Index, a measure of how well a material rejects solar heat on an index from 0 to 100
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LEED Terminology
•Emissivity - the relative ability of a material’s surface to release absorbed heat
•Reflectivity – the ability of a material to reflect
•Albedo - a measure of how strongly an object reflects light from light sources such as the sun
•Pervious – % of paving material that is open
•Impervious – resistance of a material to penetration by a liquid
LEED Terminology
•VOC – Volatile Organic Compound, carbon compounds that vaporize at normal room temperatures
•MERV – Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value, indicates the efficiency of air filters
•SCAQMD – South Coast Air Quality Management District (VOCs for adhesives and sealants)
•SMACNA – Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association (indoor air quality)
•CIBSE – Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (London, England;
natural ventilation systems)
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LEED Terminology
•Blackwater – wastewater from toilets and urinals, sometimes kitchen sinks, showers and bathtubs
•Greywater – domestic wastewater sources such as kitchens, bathrooms, laundry sinks, tubs, washers
•Potable Water – meets EPA’s drinking water quality standards
•Non-potable Water
•gpf – Gallons per Flush
•gpm – Gallons per Minute
•Flush, Low-flow, Dual flush, No Flush Fixtures
•ASHRAE – American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers
55-2004 (thermal comfort)
62.1-2007 (ventilation, indoor air quality) 90.1-2007 (energy use)
•Fossil Fuel – peat, coal, crude oil, natural gas
•REC – Renewable Energy Certificate
•CFL – Compact Fluorescent Lamp
•Btu – British Thermal Unit
•Cx – Commissioning
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LEED Terminology
•Eligible On-site Power Generation – Photovoltaic, wind, solar thermal, biofuel electric, geothermal heating and electric
•Green Power – Wind, Solar, Hydro, Geothermal
•Off-Site Power Generation – green power or conventional power generated elsewhere
•PV – Photovoltaic
•VMT – vehicle miles traveled
LEED Terminology
•Waste Diversion – Amount kept out of landfills or incineration, expressed in tons – reuse & recycling
•Regional Materials – Extracted, processed and manufactured within 500 miles of the project site
•Salvaged Materials –
•Items recovered from existing
•buildings or construction sites
•and reused
•Reuse – Building materials returned to active use, expressed as a % of cost of a building
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LEED Terminology
•Recycled Content - % of a material that is recycled
•Pre-Consumer Recycled Content – Recycled from manufacturing waste
•Post-Consumer Recycled Content – Consumer waste
•FSC – Forestry Stewardship Council
•Certified Wood – Comes from a responsibly managed forest
•Rapidly Renewable Materials – 10 years or less to grow or raise
•Hard Costs – actual construction costs, land, bricks & mortar of the project.
Usually includes any item permanently attached and part of the Construction contractor's scope, does not include furniture, Architect and permitting fees.
•Soft Costs – costs not directly related to building and construction, ex: fees
•Operating Costs – costs for running/maintaining a building – important in life cycle assessment &
EBOM
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LEED Terminology
•FTE – Full Time Equivalent A measure of occupancy of a building based on a 40 hour per week fulltime worker. Someone who works 20 hours per week counts as ½ FTE, a live-in manager who is on site 60 hours per week would count as 1.5 FTE.
•Process Energy Energy that is not used to directly heat, cool, or light a building's occupants. Cooking, industrial
processes, and computers are examples
10 Minute Break
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Video
Sustainability Explained
•Resource Consumption
•Lifecycle of a Building
•Costs & Benefits
•Motivations
•Project Delivery
Conventional Approach vs. Integrated Project Approach
Phases and Teams
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Why Green Building?
Sustainability:
Development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.
Resource Consumption
In the US, building construction and operation
accounts for:
39% of total energy use
74% of total electricity use
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Resource Consumption
In the US, buildings use:
•13% of potable water
•30% of all raw materials, including 25% of timber harvests
In the US, the construction and operation and demolition
of buildings accounts for:
39% of greenhouse gas emissions (2008) 65% of landfill waste
95% of which is recyclable
40% of which is from construction and demolition (ref. Study Guide p.101)
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Resource Consumption
In the US, the percentage of renewable materials in a
building constructed in:
•1950 = 15%
•2000 = 5% (2007)
•Planning
•Design
•Construction
•Operation
•Renew
•Retire/Repurpose
•Regenerative – Living Building Challenge
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Life Cycle of a Building
Planning
Critical to the success of a LEED project.
Integration of LEED
sustainability concepts before design is highly important – allows for a more holistic design, lower first costs.
Life Cycle of a Building
Design
Designers’ involvement and knowledge is crucial to proper specification of materials, products, design elements.
Typically, designers (A&E) take leadership roles in leading the sustainable effort.
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Life Cycle of a Building
Construction
Success of a LEED project depends on the
Contractor/Builder.
Proper cost estimating, site management, material and waste management, training of subcontractors, record
keeping, etc.
Operation
Facility Management staff are so important!
Buy-in at the early stages is critical to ensure that the building performs according to design to maximize efficiencies.
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Life Cycle of a Building
Renew
Opportunity to utilize an existing building and/or shell Give a building new life!
Life Cycle of a Building
Retire/Repurpose
When a building can no longer support activity, the building can be deconstructed and components salvaged &
reused and recycled.
Repurposing requires planning and creativity!
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Life Cycle of a Building
Regenerative – Living Building Challenge
This is beyond the scope of LEED
International Living Building Institute
http://ilbi.org
Holistic Thinking
Life cycle analysis looks at the whole building ownership cost of green building.
The analysis examines what advantages are discovered when initial investments are made in
more durable products and efficient building systems.
What is the difference between life-cycle assessment and life-cycle costing?
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Life Cycle of a Building
Life-cycle assessment:
analysis of environmental impacts associated with all the stages of
processes involved with building, from cradle to grave
Life-cycle costing:
analysis of economic performance
Life Cycle of a Building
Life cycle assessment considers:
Building itself
Materials & components of the building:
Extraction Manufacture Transport Use Reuse Recycling Disposal
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Life Cycle of a Building
Life cycle cost analysis
•First costs
•Operational costs
•Payback/ROI
•Decision making tool
Two ways of helping to keep green building costs under control are to look for
opportunities for credit synergies and to weigh the impact of credit trade-offs.
Credit synergies are groups of credits that work together in such a way that achieving one of them makes earning the other one easier.
Ex:
SSc6.1
Stormwater Management – Quantity Control:
strategy/practice = harvest rainwater synergistic w/
WEc1
Water Efficient Landscaping – Non-potable
Credit Synergies and Trade-Offs
Credit trade-offs are groups of credits that require a balance between one and the other. They do not work directly “against” one another, however, they work in such a way that achieving one of them makes earning the other one more difficult/complex.
Ex:
IEQc5
Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control:
strategy/practice = MERV filters 13+
trade-off w/
EAp2 & EAc1 Min Energy Performance Optimize Energy Performance
Credit Synergies and Trade-Offs
Costs & Benefits
Costs
Common perception that
“green” cost$!
Studies indicate little to no added cost
(ref: Davis Langdon, 2007;
p. 15 Study Guide)
Benefits Durability
Ease of operation Healthier occupants
Energy savings and operational cost savings Reduced resource use
Positive PR & doing the “right” thing
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Costs & Benefits
Early integration of “green”
= healthy balance between
decisions and costs
Lunch Break
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Motivations
•Competition and differentiation (products, hospitality, etc.)
•Recruit and retain employees
•Regulatory requirements
•Local green and energy performance codes
MSD, stormwater management
Illinois schools’ green cleaning
requirements
buildings based on a “triple bottom line” approach:
People Planet Profit
•USGBC has adapted the triple bottom line to establish metrics and rating systems to measure and recognize building projects based on their performance in the three corresponding
dimensions of sustainability:
Society Environment Economy
Projects certified under the LEED rating systems demonstrate, through compliance with a range of requirements, that they have addressed elements that balance and enhance all three areas of the triple bottom line, all three
dimensions of sustainability.
Triple Bottom Line
Motivations
Triple bottom line People, Planet, Profit
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Group Discussion/Activity
Alberici HQ LEED Platinum Tyson Living Learning Center
First Living Building
What is your experience?
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Project Delivery
Conventional approach Linear progression of program Silos
Results:
Higher first costs Higher operating costs
No cross-pollination of knowledge and expertise
Project Delivery
Integrated Approach
Team collaboration from the start Knowledge sharing and
coordination Results:
Lower first costs Lower operating costs Holistic design
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AIA IPD Guide, 2007
Traditional Design Process
Integrated Design Process
Integrated Design Process
97
Time
Design Consultants
Contractors Subcontractors
Time Owner Designer Dgn Consult
Contractors Subcontractors
Project Delivery
Integrated Approach
•70% of environmental impact decisions are made during the first 10% of the design process
•Integrated approach builds upon early contributions of individual expertise
99
Project Delivery
•Team Members & Roles Owner
Architect Engineer
Commissioning Agent Contractors
Facility Staff
User Groups
•Project Phases Pre-design Design Bidding Construction Occupancy
Operations & Maintenance
101
•Project Phases Pre-design
Gathering information, recognizing stakeholder needs, establishing project goals, and selecting the site
Project Delivery
Project Delivery
•Project Phases Design
Schematic Design (SD) – explores design options and alternatives, with the intent to establish project layout and scope of work
Design Development (DD) – process of spatial refinement and first* design of energy system
Construction Documents (CD) – design in detail all spaces, systems, and materials & specifications
•*needs to be more developed than 1st design!
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Project Delivery
•Project Phases Bidding
Costs are established/fixed and contracts for construction services are signed
•Project Phases
Construction (Construction Administration)
Actual construction of the project
Substantial Completion is a contractual benchmark corresponding with a nearly completed space that could be occupied
Final Completion is the point at which all work is complete Certificate of Occupancy is the official recognition by the local building department that the building conforms to building and safety codes
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Project Delivery
•Project Phases
Occupancy & Operations and Maintenance
Once Certificate of Occupancy is received Periodic maintenance must occur
Re-commissioning and occupant surveying should occur at regular intervals
Why Green Building?
•Category Review
•Learning Activities
•Key Terms
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LEED Rating Systems
•New Construction & Major Renovation
•Core & Shell
•Commercial Interiors
•Schools
•Healthcare
•Homes
•Retail
•Neighborhood Development (ND)
•Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance (EBOM)
LEED Green Associate Study Guide, p.27
5 (+ 2) Major Credit Categories:
(across most Rating Systems*)
Sustainable Sites (SS) Water Efficiency (WE) Energy & Atmosphere (EA) Materials & Resources (MR) Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)
Innovation & Design (ID) Regional Priority
*Rating System Exceptions:
Homes & Neighborhood Development
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LEED Rating Systems
•System Specific Credits
•Homes
Location and Linkages Awareness and Education
•Neighborhoods
Smart Location and Linkages Neighborhood Pattern and Design Green Infrastructure and Buildings
•Three important factors of the LEED Rating System
Market driven Consensus focused Committee based
LEED Rating Systems
111
LEED Rating Systems
New Construction & Major Renovation
Addresses the full design and construction of most commercial buildings and large multifamily buildings
Was the first version of LEED to be developed and has been the basis for the rest
LEED Green Associate Exam Prep. Course 113
0 0 0 Possible Points: 14
Y ? N
Y d Prereq 1
C Credit 1.1 1 to 3
Reuse 55% 1
Reuse 75% 2
Reuse 95% 3
C Credit 1.2Building Reuse—Maintain 50% of I nterior Non-Structural Elements 1
C Credit 2 1 to 2
50% Recycled or Salvaged 1
75% Recycled or Salvaged 2
C Credit 3 1 to 2
Reuse 5% 1
Reuse 10% 2
C Credit 4 1 to 2
10% of Content 1
20% of Content 2
C Credit 5 1 to 2
10% of Materials 1
20% of Materials 2
C Credit 6 Rapidly Renewable Materials 1
Materials and Resources
Storage and Collection of Recyclables
Building Reuse—Maintain Existing Walls, Floors, and Roof
Construction Waste Management
Materials Reuse
Recycled Content
Regional Materials
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d / C Credit 1.1 1
d / C Credit 1.2 1
d / C Credit 1.3 1
d / C Credit 1.4 1
d / C Credit 1.5 1
d / C Credit 2 1
0 0 0 Possible Points: 4
Y ? N
d / C Credit 1.1 1
d / C Credit 1.2 1
d / C Credit 1.3 1
d / C Credit 1.4 1
0 0 0 Possible Points: 110
C er t if ied 4 0 t o 4 9 p o int s Silver 50 t o 59 p o int s Go ld 6 0 t o 79 p o int s Plat inum 8 0 t o 110
Innovation in Design: Specific Title Innovation in Design: Specific Title Innovation in Design: Specific Title LEED Accredited Professional
Regional Priority: Specific Credit Regional Priority: Specific Credit Regional Priority: Specific Credit Regional Priority: Specific Credit
Total
Regional Priority Credits
Innovation in Design: Specific Title Innovation in Design: Specific Title
LEED Rating Systems
Core & Shell
Restricted to projects focused on the design and construction of a building’s core and exterior shell
Most likely utilized when building owner/developer is different from the occupants
LEED Green Associate Exam Prep. Course 117
LEED Rating Systems
Commercial Interiors
Addresses interior design and tenant fit out projects Most likely used when building owner/developer is different from the occupants
LEED Green Associate Exam Prep. Course 119
LEED Rating Systems
Schools
A derivative of New Construction and Major Renovation as well as Commercial Interiors
Focuses on unique nature of schools: classroom acoustics, environmental site assessment, mold prevention, etc.
121
LEED Rating Systems
Healthcare
Design and construction of both new buildings and major renovations of existing buildings
Inpatient, outpatient and licensed long-term care facilities, medical offices, assisted living facilities and medical education and research centers.
Developed in partnership with the Green Guide for Health Care (GGHC)
LEED Rating Systems
Retail
Retail – New Construction Retail – Commercial Interiors
Focuses on unique nature of retail market and addresses the needs associated with specific product lines and space requirements
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LEED Rating Systems
Existing Buildings, Operations & Maintenance (EBOM) Main focus is on the ongoing operations of existing buildings and not on design and construction
System has the same categories as NC, CI, Schools,
Healthcare, and Retail but is geared toward the sustainability strategies associated with operations and maintenance
LEED Green Associate Exam Prep. Course 125
LEED Rating Systems
LEED for Homes
Addresses the design and construction of single family and small multifamily residential buildings
Includes two additional categories:
Location and Linkages Awareness and Education
LEED Rating Systems
LEED for Homes Required team members:
LEED for Homes Provider Builder & Green Rater Home Energy Rater
LEED Homes Providers
127
LEED Rating Systems
LEED for Homes Provider
LEED homes are rated by LEED for Homes Providers – local organizations selected by USGBC based on demonstrated experience and expertise in supporting builders in the
construction of high-performance, sustainable homes in their market.
Three primary roles:
Marketing LEED to builders
Providing green home rating support services to builders Training, coordinating and overseeing LEED qualified inspectors and builder support staff.
LEED for Homes Green Raters
Play a critical role in the LEED for Homes process by overseeing all verification services on a project. Green Raters may work directly for a LEED for Homes Provider or contract independently with one or several Providers,
but may not provide verification services on a project without an agreement with a Provider organization.
Responsibilities within the LEED for Homes Program:
Oversight of all verification services on a LEED for Homes registered project
Communication link between Provider Organization and Project Team
Verification that Project Submittal Package is complete and delivery to Provider QAD
129
LEED Rating Systems
LEED for Homes Multistep review Early Planning Design
Build
Verification and Certification
Reflection on Achievements
131
133
LEED Rating Systems
Neighborhood Development (ND)
Addresses the land use planning of an entire neighborhood:
buildings, infrastructure, street design, and open space System was created in collaboration with the Congress for New Urbanism and the National Resources Defense Council.
It has entirely different categories than the other systems:
Smart Location and Linkage Neighborhood Pattern and Design Green Infrastructure and Buildings
135
LEED Rating Systems
lLEED for Neighborhood Development This process can take years
Three stages:
Review prior to the completion of entitlement (permit) process
Certification of an approved development plan Review of a completed neighborhood development
for LEED ND
LEED Green Associate Exam Prep. Course 137
LEED Rating Systems
•The LEED Volume Program has three goals:
•Preserve the integrity of the LEED certification system
•Leverage uniformity in building design, construction, and management to achieve economies of scale and reduce costs for program participants
•Encourage building owners to integrate LEED practices and documentation into organization-wide practices
LEED Rating Systems
•Key benefits of the LEED Volume Program:
•Reduced operating costs through lower resource consumption
•Building and operational techniques that foster healthier, safer interior environments
•Enhanced compatibility with the building site and external environment
•Important opportunities to benefit from financial incentives
•A demonstrated public commitment to environmental stewardship
•Increased asset value
139
LEED Rating Systems
•Profit from the efficiency of the Volume certification process:
•Savings from a more comprehensive LEED implementation process
•Economies of scale based on uniform building design and construction, or operations and maintenance practices
•Lower costs than those associated with traditional LEED certification
lLEED Volume Program Participants:
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•Ahold USA
•American University
•Bank of America
•Bentall Kennedy
•Best Buy
•CB Richard Ellis
•Citicorp
•City of San Jose
•Cushman & Wakefield
•Deutsche Bank
•Falabella
•Fresh & Easy
•Hines
•HSBC
•HSBC Mexico
•InterContinental Hotels Group
•Irvine Company
•KeyBank
•Kilroy Realty Corporation
•Kohl's
•Kum & Go
•Marriott
•McDonald's
•PNC
•Starbucks Coffee Company
•Starwood Hotels & Resorts,
• Worldwide, Inc.
•Subway Restaurants
•Target Corporation
•Transwestern
•University of California at Santa Barbara
•University of Florida
•U.S. General Services Administration
•Verizon Wireless
•Vornado
•Wells Fargo
Rating Systems
When to use each rating system?
Timing
Ownership
USGBC
Definitions
LEED Reference Guides
143
Rating Systems
When to use each rating system?
LEED – NC & Major Renovations
All commercial buildings
Multi-family residential buildings – 4 or more stories Design & construction of new buildings; major renovations of existing buildings
Owner or tenant must occupy more than 50% of the building’s leasable square footage
When to use each rating system?
LEED for Schools
Design and construction of new school buildings and major renovations of existing school buildings
Academic buildings on K-12 school grounds LEED-NC OR LEED for Schools: Non-academic buildings on a school campus such as administrative offices, maintenance facilities, dormitories; Post- secondary academic buildings and Pre-K buildings
145
Rating Systems
When to use each rating system?
LEED for Healthcare
In-patient care facilities
Licensed out-patient care facilities Licensed long-term care facilities Medical offices
Assisted living facilities
Medical education and research facilities
Rating Systems
When to use each rating system?
LEED for Core & Shell
Speculative developments
Developer controls base building core and shell but not tenant fit-out
Owner must occupy 50% or less of the building’s leasable square footage
Provides default figures that must be used
147
Rating Systems
When to use each rating system?
LEED for Commercial Interiors
Tenants who lease space but do not occupy the entire building
Works hand in hand with LEED for Core & Shell Spaces can be eligible even if not in a LEED building
When to use each rating system?
LEED for Retail
LEED for Retail: New Construction – freestanding retail buildings
LEED for Retail: Commercial Interiors – retail tenant build-out
Existing freestanding retailers may also use LEED for Existing Buildings, Operations & Maintenance
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Rating Systems
•When to use each rating system?
•LEED for Existing Buildings:
Operations & Maintenance
Commercial and institutional buildings; multi-family residential buildings of 4 or more stories
Sustainable practices that reduce a building’s environmental impacts over the functional life cycle
Exterior site maintenance, water and energy use, environmentally preferred purchasing, green cleaning, waste management, indoor environmental quality
Targeted to single buildings. Multiple buildings on a campus must certify individually.
Rating Systems
When to use each rating system?
40/60 Rule:
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Rating Systems
Multiple Building Certifications
•LEED EBOM Certification for the Building Owner
•Tenant in a LEED ID+C Certified space
•LEED ID+C Certified space in a LEED BD+C Certified building
•LEED BD+C Certified building in a LEED ND Certified
neighborhood
•Automated data entry for major inputs (square footages, FTEs, etc.)
•Reduces human error / data entry error
•Credit Templates are provided
•Upload documents = no paper document management
•Online communication with GBCI
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Credit Structure
•Certified 40-49 points
•Silver 50-59 points
•Gold 60-79 points
•Platinum 80+ points
•Note: LEED for Homes and LEED for Neighborhood Development have different credit structures than the other rating systems
Credit Categories
Sustainable Sites
This credit category addresses environmental concerns related to building landscape, hardscape, and exterior building issues
lSustainable Sites credits promote:
Selecting and Developing the Site Wisely
Reducing Emissions Associated with Transportation Planting Sustainable Landscapes
Protecting Surrounding Habitats Managing Stormwater Runoff Reducing Heat Island Effect Eliminating Light Pollution
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Credit Categories
Water Efficiency
lThis credit category encourages the use of strategies and technologies that reduce the amount of potable water consumed in buildings.
lWater Efficiency credits promote:
Monitoring Water Consumption Performance Reducing Indoor Potable Water Consumption Reducing Water Consumption to Save Energy and Improve Environmental Well-Being
Practicing Water-Efficient Landscaping In Schools, Use Water-Efficient Processes as a Teaching Tool
Energy and Atmosphere
This credit category encourages reduction in the amount of energy required for building operations and the use of more benign forms of energy
l Energy and Atmosphere credits promote:
Energy Performance
Tracking Building Energy Performance – Designing, Commissioning, Monitoring Managing Refrigerants to Eliminate CFCs Using Renewable Energy
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Credit Categories
Materials and Resources
This credit category focuses on the environmental impact of materials brought into the project building, and the minimization of landfill and incinerator disposal for materials that leave the project building.
lMaterials and Resources credits promote:
Selecting Sustainable Materials Practicing Waste Reduction Reducing Waste at Its Source Reusing and Recycling
Credit Categories
Indoor Environmental Quality
This credit category addresses environmental concerns relating to indoor environmental quality; occupants’
health, safety, and comfort; energy consumption; air change effectiveness; and air contaminant management.
lIndoor Environmental Quality credits promote:
Managing Air Contaminants
Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Carbon Dioxide
Particulate Matter
Specifying Less Harmful Materials
Allowing Occupants to Control Desired Settings Providing Daylighting and Views
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Credit Categories
Locations and Linkages
The LEED for Homes rating system recognizes that much of a home's impact on the environment comes from where it is locatedand how it fits into its community.
The Locations & Linkages credits encourage homes being built:
•away from environmentally sensitive places
•in infill, previously developed and other preferable sites
•near already-existing infrastructure, community resources and transit,
•and it encourages access to open space for
•walking, physical activity and time spent
•outdoors.
Awareness and Education
A green home is only truly green if the people who live in it use the green features to
maximum effect.
The Awareness & Education credits encourage home builders and real estate professionals to:
lprovide homeowners, tenants and building managers with the education and tools they need to understand what makes their home greenand how to make the most of those features.
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Credit Categories
Smart Locations and Linkages
The LEED for Neighborhood Development rating system focuses on wherethe project is built. The prerequisites outline where the project cannot be located in order to preserve prime farmland, wildlife habitat, wetlands, and other places we want to save.
Projects are encouraged to locate in existing areas near services or transit.
The Smart Locations & Linkages credits encourage neighborhoods being built:
•in close proximity to existing development, goods and services, and existing infrastructure
•and encourages preservation of sensitive lands, locating jobs
Credit Categories
Neighborhood Pattern & Design
The LEED for Neighborhood Development rating system also looks closely at howthe project is built.
This section promotes compact, complete, and connected developments. This kind of development can drastically change occupant behavior for the better.
lThe Neighborhood Pattern & Design credits encourage neighborhoods being built with:
lpeople connected to place and each other lshared public spaces
lnearby goods and services.
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Credit Categories
Green Infrastructure & Buildings
lThe LEED for Neighborhood Development rating system also looks closely at measures that can reduce the environmental impacts associated with the construction and operation of buildings and infrastructure.
The Green Infrastructure & Buildings credits encourage neighborhoods to promote:
lmore efficient energy and water use – to not overtax infrastructure
lcreate amenities for human health lcontribute to the character of place.
Innovation in Design
lThis credit category provides bonus points for projects that use new and innovative technologiesand
strategies to improve a building’s performance well beyond what is requiredby other LEED credits or in green building considerations that are not specifically addressed elsewhere in LEED.
lThis credit category also rewards projects for including a LEED Accredited Professionalon the team to ensure a holistic, integrated approach to the design and construction phase.
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Credit Categories
Regional Priority
USGBC’s regional councils, chapters and affiliates have identified the environmental concerns that are locally most important for every region of the country, and six LEED credits that address those local priorities were selected for each region.
A project that earns a regional priority credit will earn one bonus point in addition to any points awarded for that credit. Up to four extra points can be earned
Credit Categories
•Homes
Location and Linkages Awareness and Education
•Neighborhoods
Smart Location and Linkages Neighborhood Pattern and Design Green Infrastructure and Buildings
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Credit Categories
What is a Prerequisite?
MANDATORY!
LEED prerequisites are required to be complied with before LEED core credits may be earned
What is a Credit?
A component of the LEED Green Building Rating System whose achievement results in the earning of points toward
certification
Both Prerequisites and Credits have:
“Intent”, which identifies the sustainability goal or benefit
At least one requirement
NC, C&S, Schools, CI – all Federal, State and local laws and regulations at the time of design and construction
EBOM – building operations must also comply from performance period through expiration date of LEED Certification
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LEED Min. Program Requirements (MPRs)
Must be a complete, permanent building or space
If a building is designed to move at any time in its lifetime it is not eligible for LEED
Certification
NC, C&S, Schools, EBOM – must include at least one building in its entirety
CI – the LEED project scope must be distinct with regard to at least one of the following:
Ownership Management Lease
LEED Min. Program Requirements (MPRs)
Must use a reasonable site boundary
NC, C&S, Schools, EBOM –
The project site boundary must include all contiguous land
Must not include land owned by another party
Must not exclude land and/or be drawn in unreasonable shapes only to comply
Any parcel is attributable to a single building
CI – must include any land disturbed for the purpose of undertaking the project
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Must comply with minimum floor area
NC, C&S, Schools, EBOM – must have at least 1000 s.f. of gross floor area
CI – must have at least 250 s.f. of gross floor area
Must comply with minimum occupancy rates
NC, C&S, Schools, CI – must serve at least one or more Full Time Equivalent (FTE) occupants EBOM – must be in a state of physical
occupancy and all building systems must be operating at a capacity necessary to serve the
LEED Min. Program Requirements (MPRs)
energy and water usage data
Must commit to sharing with USGBC and/or GBCI all available actual whole project energy and water usage data for a period of at least 5 years
Must comply with minimum building area to site area ratio
Gross floor areas must be no less than 2% of the gross land area within the LEED project boundary
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Credit Interpretation Rulings
No CIRs are free! $220/CIR
CIRs are no longer precedent setting
Beneficial rulings can be elevated to LEED interpretations
Teams will not be held responsible for interpretations issued after the project’s registration date
Teams may submit a Credit Interpretation Request through Leedonline
http://www.gbci.org/CIRs.aspx
Credit Appeals
•Appeals are allowed for design phase and
construction phase credits, if a split review is being done.
•Otherwise, the appeal comes after the final review.
•Appeals are $500 per credit – no discounts.
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Credit Weightings
Certain credits are weighted more heavily than others Example:
Optimizing efficiency vs. Thermal Comfort
Guiding principles for the weightings are the impact categories
Environmental and human health concerns
Relative Importance of Environmental Concerns
Based on impact categories defined by the EPA and on category weights established by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and modified by the USGBC.
The combination of impact categories and category weights provides a quantitative basis for determining the point value of each credit in the LEED rating systems.
Know the top 3:
Greenhouse Gases IEQ
Resource Depletion
Credit Weightings
Credit Weightings
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Carbon Footprint
Carbon Footprint = Carbon Overlay Quantitative index of the relative importance of individual credits Credits are prioritized based on their potential to reduce GHG emissions Credits that address the most important emission sources =
highest carbon overlay scores
LEED awards more points for strategies that have greater positive impacts on:
Energy Efficiency CO2 Reductions
Each credit evaluated against a list of 13 environmental impact categories, including climate change, indoor environmental quality, resource depletion and water intake
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Carbon Footprint
ODP – Ozone Depletion Potential
The potential for a single molecule of the refrigerant to destroy the Ozone Layer. All refrigerants use R11 as a datum reference where R11 has an ODP = 1.0. The less the value of the ODP - the better the refrigerant is for the ozone layer and the environment.
GWP – Global Warming Potential
A measurement (usually measured over a 100-year period) of how much effect a refrigerant will have on Global Warming in relation to Carbon Dioxide. CO2 has a GWP = 1. The lower the value of GWP - the better the refrigerant is for the
Carbon Footprint
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Carbon Footprint
Refrigerant Types (used in HVAC)
CFC Banned by the Montreal Protocol as of 2010 HCFC Banned by the Montreal Protocol as of 2030 HFC
Natural CO2, H20, NH3, HC, Air
Refrigerant ODP GWP CFCs High High
HCFCs Low High
HFCs Zero Low
Naturals Zero Zero or Low
Change in Ozone Hole – 1979 to 2008
Muir Glacier – 1941 Muir Glacier - 2004
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Carbon Footprint
10 Minute Break
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Triple Bottom Line
Activity!
Project registration and certification process
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LEED Prof. Credential Categories
•LEED Green Associate
•LEED Accredited Professional Specialties BD+C
ID+C O+M Homes ND
•LEED Fellow
Registration/Certification Process
•Project registration
•Prepare application
•Submit application
•Application review
•Appeal review
•Certification
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Registration/Certification Process
Project Registration
Serves as a declaration of intent to certify a building or neighborhood development under the LEED Green Building Rating Systems.
Registered and certified projects are listed in the online LEED project database.
From here the project team is assembled and the documentation process begins.
Register project
Submit registration form and fee to USGBC
Fees: Registration is a flat fee paid up front at the time of registration. Registration rates are based on the date of registration. The rates are:
USGBC Members: $900 Non-Members: $1200
LEED for Neighborhood Development Projects
The registration fee for LEED ND projects is $1500 (for USGBC members and non-members)
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Registration/Certification Process
Register project
After registration, the team receives information,
tools and communication to guide the certification
process, including access to LEED Online
Registration/Certification Process
Start of Project:
Assess value
Evaluate/document condition treatment recommendations Set goals
Determine preliminary LEED score Register project
Identify partners Apply for incentives Determine green building practices
Begin documentation process
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Registration/Certification Process
Decision Point!
Submit for review in 1 or 2 stages?
Design submission:
design related credits Construction
submission:
construction related credits
Design Phase:
Assemble design phase documentation Submit documentation
GBCI design phase review
“Anticipated” or “Denied”
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Registration/Certification Process
Construction Phase:
Assemble construction phase documentation Submit documentation
GBCI construction phase review
“Achieved” or “Denied”
I did it!
Certification Process
Once a project team submits the design and construction phase documents to LEED Online, the following 3rd party certification process takes place:
Preliminary Review Final Review Appeal Review
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Certification Process - Fees
Less than 50,000 Square Feet*
50,000- 500,000 Square Feet*
More Than 500,000 Square Feet*
Appeals (if applicable)
LEED 2009; New Construction, Commercial Interiors, Schools, Core & Shell full certification
Fixed Rate Based on Square Footage*
Fixed Rate Per credit
Design Review
USGBC Members $2,000 $0.04/sf $20,000 $500
Non-Members $2,250 $0.045/sf $22,500 $500
Expedited Fee** $5,000 regardless of square footage
$500
Construction Review
USGBC Members $500 $0.010/sf $5,000 $500
Non-Members $750 $0.015/sf $7,500 $500
Expedited Fee** $5,000 regardless of square footage
$500
Combined Design &
Construction Review
USGBC Members $2,250 $0.045/sf $22,500 $500
Non-Members $2,750 $0.055/sf $27,500 $500
USGBC Members $1,500 $0.03/sf $15,000 $500
Non-Members $2,000 $0.04/sf $20,000 $500
Expedited Fee** $10,000 regardless of square footage
$500
Recertification Review***
USGBC Members $750 $0.015/sf $7,500 $500
Non-Members $1,000 $0.02/sf $10,000 $500
Expedited Fee** $10,000 regardless of square footage
$500
LEED for Core &
Shell:
Precertification****
Fixed Rate Per credit
USGBC Members $3,250 $500
Non-Members $4,250 $500
Expedited Fee** $5,000 $500
CIRs (for all Rating Systems)
$220
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Registration/Certification Process
Specific documents to be included
Project narrative
Project photos or renderings Elevations
Typical floor plans
Project details – ex: building gross square footage, # of occupants, etc.
LEED v3 templates available online:
http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1447
