• No results found

Kannada Complete

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Kannada Complete"

Copied!
84
0
0

Loading.... (view fulltext now)

Full text

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

GREETINGS and POLITE PHRASES

~~fJV

d

I ~~~ - Greetings at any point of time when one meets another.

11 ~

a5en

~oeo ? = How are you ? Q

C\k)~

tSC\k)l\

~de~

= I

am fine ! o( Q

do:bw~ = Please

d~U>

tJc:J

= Please come. tJ o(

~~~d

= Thanks

~o~ ~oMe~ = (l'am I We are) Very happy.

~ot!3 =Sure ~0 = Fine I Okay

aS.J()ert

tJMe~ = Bye I I will come back. ~

~~3 ~et!~~

=Take care.

(5)

PRONOUNS

1

~~rNC)~rl~

Kannada distinguishes three genders, masculine, feminine and neuter. As a rule, they are, "natural" genders. That means, words denoting male or female human beings are masculine and feminine, while animals and non living things are neuter.

Kannada pronouns also distinguish between remote and proximate, i.e. whether the person they refer to is further away or closed by.

The second person plural is also used in addressing someone politely. The third person plural is also used to refer to someone would address politely.

SINGULAR First Person

Second Person You

Third Person Masculine He Third Person Feminine She Third Person Neuter It

PLURAL

First Person We

Second Person You

Third Person - Human They Third Person - Neuter They

e;,~c;i:) (Remote) I ~~c±> (Proximate)

e~~ (Remote) I ~~~ (Proximate)

e;,dJ

(Remote) I ~OJ (Proximate)

CV()~

~e~

e;,~cb (Remote) I ~~cb (Proximate)

e~ (Remote) I ~~ (Proximate)

(6)

SELF INTRODUCTION

c:S~4d Namaskara.

c:S~4~:1. c:Je~ OOJdcb? Namaskara. Who are you? c:JVc:.:b c:J~e5 I am Viveka

c:Sc:S

aSAJdJ

c:J~e5 My name is Viveka <>{

c:JVc:.:b 5~~ I am Katrin

c:S~

aSAJdJ

5~~ My name is Katrin c:JVc:.:b ~a;) I am Sarah

c:Sc:S

ffi;rJdJ

~a;) My name is Sarah <>{ c:JVc:.:b lam ~c:S ffi~dJ <>{ My name is c:JVc:.:b lam

c:Sc:S

ffi~dJ <>{ My name is c:JVc:.:b lam

c:Sc:S

ffi~ro <>{ My name is c:JVc:.:b lam

c:Sc:S

a5~dJ <>{ My name is c:JVc:.:b I am

c:Sc:S

ffi~dJ <>{ My name is Nt>c:.:b lam ~~ ffi~dJ <>{ My name is c:JVc:.:b I am

c:S~ a5~ro

My name is Self Introduction I 4

(7)

{Vt)~ t.J~ ~'1_ri e;,QC:>~crl~

I am a Kannada Teacher

~~ro t.JtJro ~~ri e;,~

w

~crlo cot. ()

She (proximate) (honorific) is a Kannada Teacher (feminine)

{Vt)c;i) t.JtJ~ ~~ri e~rcdo I am a Kannada Teacher (feminine)

w

cot. ()

c:::JV~ t.J~ ~'1_ri w~

25

tpF I am a Kannada Student

c:::J()c;i) t.JtJ~ ~~ri w~~tpFN I am a Kannada Student (feminine)

w

cot. ()

~c:S~ ~~ri w~

25

tpF He is a Kannada Student

~c:S~ ~~ri w~

25

tpFN She is a Kannada Student (feminine)

~c:Sro ~~ri w~

25

tpF He is a Kannada Student

(8)

o:mc:b?

Who?

c:Je~

o:lJ;)d,)

? Who are you

?

(honorific)

(:)~ a5~d:> e:>~ ? What is your name ? (honorific)

~~~ a5~d:> e:>~ ? What is his (proximate) name ?

~~~ a5~cb e:>~ ? What is her (proximate) name ?

~~d a5~dJ e:>~? What is his I her (honorific) (proximate) name?

~~cb

o:lJ;)dJ

? Who are they ? (remote)

~~dJ

o:lJ;)dJ

? Who is he I she? (honorific) (remote)

~~cb ~~

6

crl5 He (proximate) is teacher

~~cb ~~ ~~

6

crl5 He (proximate) is my teacher

~~dJ ci:)<::Jc)

6tpF He I she (honorific) (proximate) is a student

~~ro ~~ ci:)<::Jc)..c'~F He (honorific) (proximate) is my student c{ o '

~~ro w<::Jc)

6tpF(:J She (honorific) (proximate) is a student (feminine)

~~dJ ~~ w<::Jc)

6tpF(:J She (proximate) is my student (feminine)

eJt5~F ~~ rt~® I 7Seeo~ Richard is my friend

c{ c{

5.~ ~ ~~ rt~~ I

7Seeo3

Cathrin is my friend (feminine) J c{ c{

(9)

VOCABULARY

1. FURNITURE AND HOUSEHOLD OBJECTS

~~

~owoQ ~~~

d~rleob

~c:S

-

House

ZJVF\W

-

Door

-o~-o

-

Window

eo~~

-

Yard I Courtyard

ZSc)~~

-

Front Hall

5J;)e~

-

Room

e®ii

5Jc>e~

-

Kitchen

Z.Jz5m

5Jc>e~

-

Bath Room

~

ert!d~d 5Jc>e~

-

Dining Room

~~rb~ 5Jc>e~ - Bed Room

c:S~

-

Floor

c;m®

-

Roof

c;me;>;i

-

Upstairs ~23F

-

Chair c;i)e~

-

Table

zjoz.SJ

-

Bench ~o?-5

-

Cot Q5V,2.);i

-

Bed ~dOotJJ

-

Pillow ~dW()~/~e~

-

Telephone

~~~

-

Book ~ Vocabulary I 7

(10)

- Pen

- Scissors

- Computer

~F"~cd crl~~ I ~ecrlc1'

-

Newspaper

~Oc)~~~ I oe~oi(c)e - Radio

~dd~F"cd

-

Television

~ooN

-

Channel (of TV)

;::bo

-

News

0

~c:irc>

ed

o~c::S - Entertainment QC>ov~oo

-

Serial

t5~cdzd~l~c::S~

- Cinema ; Movie

t~~a:md

-

Watch

~t:Aamd

-

Clock

5~dt.DM

eJ

-

Waste paper basket

a5Jc>OVN

- Flower vase

?.Je3illl3~

-

Plate

eJ eJ

d.ft)ee3 - Cup I Glass

2.5~2.5

-

Spoon 5~

-

Knife ..J) t)c)E'@~

-

Pan

5cdt:A

- Mirror ol.

ticdriti

-

Spectacles I Glasses

ol.

(11)

2.

tJ&j

~~

~~~~~~

I

Cloths & Dresses

cJ ~

~~

eJ Clothes

~e~t

cdoz.S

Undergarment of men

1veo

Saree

dc;55

Blouse ~o?i Skirt

eof\

Shirt ?..5~ Trouser Q

5dc;S;cy

Towel d) c;i)e3) Footwear eJ tlh)e3) Shoes ,-..J 3. M~~mew

I

Horticulture

Mee.3

Garden ~c':) Well oo~eJJ Backyard ..J)

~ddJ

Plant (bush, shrub)

f\d

Plant

ci>d

Tree

~~~~

Flower

(12)

4. mQS~r(~

I

Vehicles

~5~

v

Bicycle

~w~

~ Scooter

~ew~~5~

Motor bicycle

OC)OJ

Car ~;::;b Bus ,-.J

~w

Train ~c:iJdt=S Aeroplane o5~rb Ship d.rt>e~ Boat Vocabulary I 10

(13)

s.

d~a5d e,:,onn~

j

eoov

PARTS ~~ - Head

-kdrn

-

Hair ~.X~J~ I W,)OJ~

-

Brain ~~ - Face ~ro:>

-

Eye ~

Ocd

-

Eyelid c.)

~~

- Nose

UV®

-

Mouth ~rn

-

Tooth M <'Jc)eJ?i - Tongue ~eJ

-

Lip ~eJ - Chin M 5~

-

Cheek co( ~~ - Forehead

o;J

-

Ear ~oeJrn

-

Throat 5-J~rt I 5fe)d~

-

Neck ~

t

-

Hand

<WO

-

Chest c;irc)~

-

Breast ~t:$ I ffi~rn

-

Shoulder M~~

-

Arm Vocabulary /11

(14)

~0~

Palm

too~

Finger

0~

Back o5.fC)~ tJ Belly I Stomach ;:is()o~ Waist ~a> Leg

Mri

Thigh

c;J;)d

Foot (~m) oo~ Toe

erort>dJ

Nail ~~F Skin ~rnm Bone 0~/~0J ~ Blood ~ ;JJe~ Moustache

rlri

Beard ~ Vocabulary I 12

(15)

6.

;do~rl~

j

NUMBERS

tJOOJ

-

One ~ddJ

-

Two ~OJ

-

Three c:JC)~

-

Four

eodJ

-

Five

eOJ

-

Six w~J

-

Seven ~ow.:>

-

Eight tJ02J~

-

Nine ~ aS~

-

Ten ~ aS~odJ

-

Eleven c{

a5c8ddJ

-

Twelve c{ aSCJ~OJ

-

Thirteen

aS(Jc:JC)~

-

Fourteen

aSCJ~dJ

-

Fifteen

a5

(Jc:JC) OJ

-

Sixteen a5oc3e~J

-

Seventeen

a5CJc8ow.=>

- Eighteen a5Mo2J~

-

Nineteen ~ ~

~crl~

-

Twenty c;.J~

~crlModJ

-

Twenty one

c;.J ~

(16)

~~~ddJ

-

Twenty two ~ ~cd~~cb - Twenty three f.)~ ~cd~N()e)J W-J) l! Twenty four ~crl~ ~m f.)~ Twenty five ~~~ Thirty ~ ~m~~ ~ Forty ~~~ Fifty ~ ecb~~ Sixty ~ i:)cj~ Seventy f.)~ i:)OtJ~ Eighty ~ MOtJ~ Ninety ~ ~cb Hundred ~wd Thousand

~s.

Lakh, 1 00,000

5,rc)~~ Crore, 1 0 Mil ion

o;)e)J a quarter (Y.)

el;SFteo

a half(%)

~m

three quarters (~)

(17)

ORDINAL forms of NUMERALS

By adding

-ec:Sol:>

(-aneya) to the cardinal numerals, we obtain the ordinal forms·

t..> odJ - t..>odc:Sol:>

-

First

wddJ - wdric:Sol:>

-

Second

~ro- ~dc:Sol:>

-

Third

M)9- M)qc:Sol:>

-

Fourth

wdJ - wdc:Sol:>

- Fifth

ero - edc:Sol:>

- Sixth

c:J~ - c:J~c:Sol:>

-

Seventh

wo~

- woe3c:Sol:>

-

Eighth

t..>ow~ - t..>ow~c:Sol:>

-

Ninth

-D -D

a5~

-

a5~c:Sol:>

-

Tenth

-D -D

c:irdro - c:irddc:Sol:>

-

Hundreth

~dm I ~d~c:Sol:>

-

Previous I Primary I First

~c:S

-

~c:$a:b 1 eo~c:b

-

Last I Final

w~ (= How much?)

tJ

-

w~ol:> (of which order?)

In spoken Kannada, the ending

-ec:So:D (

-aneya) is often shortened to

-~e

{a nee);

t..>odJ +ec:Sol:>--+ t..>odc:Sa:b--+ t..Jodc:Se

wddJ + ec:$a:b--+ wddc:$a:b --+ wdric:Se

t..>odc:$e, wdric:3e,

~dc:$e, Nc)~c:$e.

(18)

1

.

~. t.)~rl'(~

/COLOURS

tJ[C)

-

Colour ('C) ~~

-

Dark (colour)

~

-

Light (colour) ~~

-

White

~~

-

Black

5o~

-

Red

o5mro

1 o5~ro

-

Green

o5~o

-

Yellow

N~eJ IN~~

-

Blue

a~~ - Orange

~

~oOJ

-

Brown

~~d~

-

Violet

rb~~

-

Rose

~OJ o:lrc>~

tJ[C)? -

What is this colour?

ra·

~OJ ~~

tJ[C)

-

This is white colour.

('C)

N~

eoF\oi> tJ[C)ra

o:lrc>~dJ?

-

What is the colour of your shirt?

c::5c::5 eol\oi> tJ[C)

N~~. -The colour of my shirt is blue.

c::( ('C)

~ tJ~oi>

tJ[C)

5o~- The colour of this cloth is red.

c.J ('C)

e

l\dd

we5®

tJ[C)

o5mro-

The colour of the leaf of that plant is Green.

('C)

efW~d

tJ[C)

N~~- The colour of the sky is blue.

('C)

~ ~wc::5

tJ[C)

rb~~- The colour of this flower is rose.

('C)

e

M~~o:i)

tJ[C)

o5~0

-

The colour of that wall is yellow.

('C)

~OJ ~~

o5Abro

tJ[C)

-This is dark green colour.

('C)

eOJ c::5Ab

5o~

tJ£'@ -

That is light red colour.

('C)

(19)

.

'$.

DAYS of the WEEK and WORDS denoting TIME ~~rl~, ~drl~ ~~ j ~~

M

~cjJc;:Jc)d

-

Monday

cjJo

~~c;:Jc)

d

-

Tuesday ?,JJ~c;:)c)d

-

Wednesday

rbdJc;:Jc)d

-

Thursday

ro~c;:Jc)d

-

Friday ~c:Jc;:)c)d

-

Saturday - Today - Tomorrow

c:J~

-

Yesterday

~~

-

Day before yesterday

<>(.

~~

-

Now

e~

-

Then, at the time

cjJ3

-

Then /later j e~~~

-

Afterwards - Morning - Noon Vocabulary /17

(20)

;rSo~ 1

m®oot)eJ

-

Evening

ov~

Night

~~ov~

1

c:Sruov~

Midnight

ciDo~c8 Early morning I Dawn

ciD~o~ Late evening I Dusk

,-.J d~ Holiday

oc:S

Day ~d Week

cda

Fortnight ~eli~ Month ~~F Year

7ioe3

Hour ~<i:))~ Minute

a~

Second Vocabulary I 18

(21)

~c:S~ o::iJC)cj

wt>d

? -

What is the day today?

~~~ ~ec::bwt>d.

-

Today is Monday . ...D

~ct o::iJC)cj

wt>d? -

What was the day yesterday?

~~ t.Jc)~wt>d

-

Yesterday was Sunday.

cot

c:JC)Q

o::iJC)cj

wt>d ? -

What is the day tomorrow?

c:JC)Q

c::bo~~wt>d

-

Tomorrow is Tuesday.

~ct o::iJC)~

wt>d ? -

What was the day, day before yesterday?

~~ ~~wt>d

-

Day before yesterday was Saturday.

cot

CVC)t!~ o::iJC)~

wt>d

? -

What is the day, day after tomorrow?

CVC)t!~

tJJdwt>d -

Day after tomorrow is Wednesday.

Q I

~~ ~~m ~0- Now there is Sunshine. ~~

c::{)Q

~0- Now there is Rain.

~ c::b~ w~o- Again rain will come .

...D ...D

CVC)~

c::b3

c::b~ii

C'f5.Jt>eMet@ -

Let us go home later . ...D

CVC)~ ec:i:>e~

ovdf; 5Jt!a1Jdet@ -

Let us drink coffee later.

~T< ~~;i

woe3J

T<o~- Now it is 8 O'clock in the morning. ('\

CVC)~ c::bQt>i~l c::b~ii

C'f5.Jt>eMet@-

Let us go home at noon.

CVC)~ ~ot3 ~05V 5Jt!~e~ -I drink tea in the evening . ...D

~~ w~ ~o~? -What is the time now?

&J

(22)

~~

c5c:if()ot::i:>

~o~ c5~ (:JW)~~~-Now the time is 11 hours and 1 0 minutes.

c( ....f)

Nt>c:i>

~o~

eol:±>

~o~rt ~c:Srt oitc>~M~c:S-1 go home at 5 O'clock in the evening .

....f)

Nt>c:i>

QV.& c5~ ~o~rt ~~M~c:S. -I sleep at 10 O'clock at night. :::::> ....f) ....f)

Nt>~ d~- Tomorrow is a holiday

t.,ol:±>

c::Jc)d~ <W~ 0~~~-Seven days for a week.

t.,ol:±>

cj~F~ c5~ddJ ~o~~rl~- Ten months for a year.

~rl ~ct> ~~o:l:>? tJ

-

What is the time now?

~rl ~~o:l:>

c5c:SddJ

rio~ ~crl~ (:JW)~;i~-Now the time is 12 hours and 20

c( r..J...D

minutes.

(23)

3.

l.

~OQJ~ ~drl~

/KINSHIP TERMS

ecd

1

~od - Father

c.J

e~1~cm

-

Mother ~rl

-

Son ~rle.b

-

Daughter

rlod

-

Husband a5ori~

-

Wife

~~~

-

Children e~

-

Elder brother ('()

~~

-

Younger Brother

~

- Elder sister

~of\

-

Younger sister

e~

-

Grandfather ~ e~

-

Grandmother ~

~~rl

-

Grandson

~~rle.b

-

Granddaughter

c:mc;S

-

Uncle I Father-in-law

Medd~c;S

-

Maternal Uncle

e3

-

Aunt I Mother-in-law

.J)

Medde3

-

Maternal Aunt

.J)

e~o::b

-

Nephew

I

Son-in-law

Medd

e~cm

-

Nephew

(24)

Niece I Daughter-in-law Niece

Brother-in-law I Wife's elder brother I

Husband's elder brother Husband's younger brother Husband's elder sister - Wife's younger sister

Father's elder brother Mother's elder sister Father's younger brother I

Mother's younger sister's husband - Mother's younger sister

c::>~

3odo::b

ffi;:jdJ

~c:,i)?

-

What is the name of your father?

c;:Sc;:S

3odo::b

ffi;:jdJ ...

...

..

-

My father's name is ... .

c(

c::>~

~o:JJojJ

ffi;:jdJ

~c:,i)?

-

What is the name of your mother?

c;:Sc;:S

c{

~®o::b

ffi;:jdJ ... -

The name of my mother is ... .

e;,c;Sc;:S

erc>c;:S

(C)

ffi;:jdJ ~c:,i)?

-

What is the name of his elder brother?

ec:Sc;:S

erc>c;:S

ffi;:jdJ ....

...

-

The name of his elder brother is ... .

(C)

ec:S~

3ol1o::b

ffi;:jdJ

~c:,i)?

-

What is the name of her younger sister?

ec:S~

3ol1o::b

ffi;:jdJ ... -

The name of her younger sister is ... .

(25)

40. ~. ~~d ~~ ~N~o:br(~

j

FOOD and DRINKS

Meals

Snacks

e~

Rice

ec;:S

Cooked rice

"(.

osvrn

Milk ~;;:JdJ Yoghurt ~~~ Buttermilk t:: tJ~ Butter £'<)

~~

Melted butter c..) w~ Oil £'<)

ero~

Salt ;;:J~o lt Sugar

ero~c;:JO()

cru

Pickle

c..)

ooWJ

Flour eJ t5e~ Lentil Water Tea Coffee Food Vocabulary /23

(26)

~c:J~o,i) ;!o~ ~c:J~® ~,!,) c:J~dJ ~ec:i> !rve~ c;mo~ !rv~~ c;mo~

a5oo

c;mo~ cir;)~ eJ

ctiOVuSF

I c;j~ I

v

~ro ~ot:JVdJ ?.5~~ M~ eJ Drink Cold drink Warm water Fish Chicken Meat Chicken meat Pork Egg

Curry I Side dish Soup

Sambar; Spicy liquid curry I sauce

Chapati

: ~

Roti, Bread

Idly; Rice dumpling Rice pancake Chutney

Sweet liquid dessert

Cereal

Non-Vegetarian food

(27)

eJ'\.G~ e~?

-

Had your meal?

eJ'\.G~ e~.

-

I had my meal.

~0~ e~?

-

Had your snacks? (had your breakfast?)

~0~ e~.

-

I had my snacks. (I had my breakfast)

c:J~ ~o~?

-

What is the snacks?

~o~ ~~ ;::;rvo~ro

-

Snacks is ldli Sambar. M

~c±>li c;ir;;~d,) td~av?

-

Do you need yoghurt?

c::Sc::Sli

c;ir;;~d,) 2-J~~- I need yoghurt.

ec:S~li

ovc!J

.

2-Jeov?

.

-

Do he I she need Coffee?

e~~li

ov4J 2-Jeri-

He I she does not need coffee.

c::Sc::Sli

t505V 2-J~~- I need I want Tea.

c::Sc::Sli

~~~~o;:S ~~-I like Chicken.

tJ

e~~li c:J..)~~ ~~ ~~ - She does not like fish.

tJ M

NV~ c±>~li ~~~~c:S- I drink buttermilk.

t::l ~

e~~ 05Vill ~~o:b:>~O~

-

He does not drink milk M

~c±>li ;:S~o 2-J~ov? -Do you need sugar?

c::Sc::Sli

;:S~o td~d- 1 do not need sugar.

(28)

41.

&.

a5~r(e;b ~~ ~d~Or(eob

j

FRUITS and VEGETABLES ~ j

ClSrcD

-

Fruit ('t) ~~ I ~;;~ aS~

-

Mango ("() tJV~ClSf'CD - Banana ("() fiero<lS~ ("() - Cashew fruit

;:3ew

- Apple

~s.~~a

- Grapes

crlcnva))

- Papaya c.J ec:JV~~ - Ananas &3~ - Orange ..../) OV~OtJ - Pomegranate

c;fu~otJ - Sweet lime

aS~~~

ClSrcD

- Jackfruit ("() ~OtJ - Lime ~~~~~e~ l* - Chikku I Sapota c:Jed~ - Guava

3dovtJ

1 ova))crl~

-

Vegetable

M

~ci)e~

-

Tomato

5.Jve~ I <W~5.Jve~

-

Cabbage

(29)

~~lfc)®

tJdc8

tJO~lfc)® ~JOtJ~O()® cSJOJ~O()® ~~of\ ~715()® {\ ~of\~5()® K~C I O(}i~e3" ~f'C);::b t.)~Q

~~

- Cucumber - Brinjall Eggplant - Lady's finger I Okra - Ashgourd

-

Beans

-

Raddish

-

Drumsticks

-

Coconut

-

Carrot

-

Chilly

-

Spinach

-

Greens

~~71 ~9a5f'@J ~~- I like banana.

('() cJ

~c:b71

olJC>c:S

a$£'@.)

('() t:J~~?

.

- Which fruit you want?

~~71 ~~WJa5f'@J t:Je~- I want apple.

('()

~~71

olJC>c:S

a$£'@.)

~~? - Which fruit you like?

('() cJ •

~~71 ~A~~-

I like graps.

~~71 ffel~lfc)® tJ~~ - I want cucumber.

~~71 t5(!)JC>~d d~'d-

I dont want potato

c.

cSJOJ~lfc)®71 tJ~ ~~?-What is the price of beans?

~~ ~e~elfc)® ~o~ ~d- Pumpkin is very much here. M

(30)

1\.2.

9.

~M~rls

/HEALTH ~e~ Cold

~d

Fever

~~

Cough

~e~

Pain ~~~e~ Headache

~~~eQ)

Bodyache

a5,rc)~ ~e~ Stomach ache

tJ t5o.lJ;)~ I ;::1)~

-

Tiredness ~ ~~~I ~dJ

-

Medicine Q t5~3 ~ Hospital

~ql ~~c1'

Doctor OV

0

I c;:5;;:1' F' Nurse

~~I rb~

li

Tablet I Pill

c;:Sc;:S;i ~~~

ef\0-

I had cold. c;:Sc;:S;i ~d ~d- I have fever.

N~li ~~~~~ ~do.lJ;)?

-

Do you have headactle

c;:Sc;:S;i eo.lJ;)~

ef\0-

I am tired. c;:Sc;:S;i ~~~ ?.Je~- I need medicine.

NV~ e~;i a5,rc)~7i?.Je~

-

I have to go to the hospital.

eddJ

2.J~a:i) ~~c1'-

He I she is a good doctor.

(31)

/[ :£.

11). ;d~

I

PLACE

(i)

ertfe)OJ

Place I Place of living

~~ Place cp

~c:b

Village

~

Small Village cti~£'@ t.J Town ~rid City ~d District M 0;)~6 State I Province de~ Nation

~de~

Region

ctidde~ 1 ~de~

-

Foreign country

c:$o

de~ Neighbouring country

dive~ World

Ch)~r;Jc)~ Capital city

rlt!

Border

rlt!

~de~

Border region

d,rc)cti~ I Map

~0 River

ffirc)eJ

Rivulet

~c:ms

1

~lim

Sea I Ocean

~~~~de~

Plain land

(32)

roti

Hill Q

d~cJ

Small mountain

c;jcjF~ Mountain

~~~ Valley

ovdJ

1

e;,dq

Forest

~ro~~ Desert .!~d 1

dor::!

Shore ~d~ I

a5J()OO);i

-

Sand

a5J()od

Pit

~~j

Building d~cj~~ q) Temple ~f.J~O Mosque ~rl~F Church

2J~O Jain temple

TtXlJ~d

Sikh temple

M~~ Fort

e;,d~~ Place

(33)

~c:S

-

House

i7T()05

-

Industry ~~Fe:$

-

Factory eo~~

-

Shop

5o

-

Pond

ZJVw

-

Well ~d!;)e~d

-

Lake ciJd~F I

d;:S

-

Road J )

ovo

-

Way ; Path

~e)

-

Lane M ~~ovo

-

Footpath

0~

-

Cardinal direction

~~F

-

East c;j~~

-

West t j eru~d

-

North J )

oaF:CJ

-

South

~!h)~

-

North East

~oi)~

-

North West

~~

-

South West

ene®

-

South East

c(.

c:l~ttJO

-

Side

(34)

N~

ef'\.Gd:>

o:iJc>~dJ?

-

Which is your place?

~~

ef'\.Gd:>

~orl~JC>d:>

-

My place is Mangalore. c(.

N~ ~~ o:lr;)~dJ?

-

Which is your District?

~~ ~~ rj;t.f'@~~d ~~ - My district is Dakshina Kannada.

c(. M~ c(. M

N~ ov~6 o:lr;)~dJ?

-

Which is your state?

~1_ OV~

6

~N'VF~~ -My state is Karnataka.

N~

Oel6

o:lr;)~OJ?

-

Which is your Country?

~1_

Oel6 2;JV03-

My country is India.

~~

en..Gd:> .

. . .

.

. . . . -

My place/village is ... .. c(. ~~ ~~ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . - My district is ... . c(. M ~1_ OV~

6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. • - My state is ... . ~~ Oe~

..

.

..

..

..

.

.

.. . .

-

My country is ... . c(.

ffi

~Ool:l o5~ro

c;:)cSJ? -

What is the name of this river?

ffi

~Ool:l o5~ro ~®~

-

The name of this river is Main.

ffi

2-J~d o5~ro

c;:)cSJ?

-What is the name of this mountain?

~ 2-J~j o5~ro

...

...

-

The name of this mountain is ... .

(35)

N~

er\.GO~~M

o.:ir;)c;S

5J;)ee3

~d?

-

Which fort is there in your place I village?

~

d~®

...D

o5~dJ

wc:::b?

-What is the name of this road?

~

~~oj:) oS~dJ

M

wc:::b? -

What is the name of this lane?

eastern direction of your country?

N~

de~d ero~d o~~~M

wc:::b

~d?

-

Which country is there in the northern direction of your country?

~~

c;i)~ol) cd~d~M

eo'

~d-

By the side of our house, there is a shopa

N()c:;b ;:irc)ec;i)c::Jc)d

dec;S;:cyv:7ffa5JC>er03e~

-

1 go to temple on Monday.

~t: ...D

N()c:;b

~c:;bc::Jc)d ~~~Fli a51C>er03e~.

-

1 go the Church on Sunday.

I ...D

(36)
(37)
(38)
(39)
(40)
(41)
(42)
(43)
(44)
(45)
(46)
(47)
(48)
(49)
(50)
(51)
(52)
(53)
(54)
(55)
(56)
(57)
(58)
(59)
(60)
(61)
(62)
(63)
(64)
(65)
(66)
(67)
(68)
(69)
(70)
(71)
(72)
(73)
(74)
(75)
(76)
(77)
(78)

1)

(79)

+ all verbs ending in -u-

2)

Model:

ō

du, "to read"

(80)

3)

4)

5)

6)

Model:

ēḷ

u, ‘to wake up’

Model: tinnu, ‘to eat’

Model: mare, ‘to forget’

(81)

7)

8)

9)

Model: ko

u, ‘to give’

Model: nagu, ‘to laugh’

(82)
(83)
(84)

References

Related documents

To determine whether the SPAAC reaction is suitable for the eSiMBlot assay system (i.e., for both immobilization of a speci fic protein on the single-molecule surface and resistance

In the Contract-Breach Game, rational parties should agree to forego performance of the contract whenever either type of event occurs, and the promisee should accept any

The data analysed so far suggests that New Zealand has similar exchange rate cycles to Australia and the two real exchange rate series appear to experience similar medium-term

The LORD will open for you His good storehouse, the heavens, to give rain to your land in its season and to bless all the work of your hand; and you shall lend to many nations, but

[r]

For those readers whose appetites have been whetted by these results, the last two chapters investigate groups and rings further: we prove the basis theorem for finite abelian

Oden builds on the basic discovery mechanism in JXTA, i.e., advertisements and searching for service names, and augments it with a layer of semantic information. We de- fine