Agenda
• Airport Characteristics
• Airport Key Performance
Indicators
The Airport System
Adapted from Ashford, Stanton, Moore: Airport Operations
Approach Runway Pier Gate Apron Taxiway Arrival concourse Passenger & baggage reclaim
Ground transportation and parking
Departure Runway Pier Gate Apron Taxiway
Aircraft
Departure concourse Passenger & baggage processing Catering Mail Cargo processingAirside Landside
US Airport Ownership
Total US airports
18,345
Open to public
5,357
Closed to public
12,988
Privately owned
1,191
Publicly owned
4,166
Airport Stakeholders
Other business
partners (e.g.
concessionaries)
Regulators
Cargo operators
Owners (public
and private)
Airlines
Individuals living
nearby
Management
Passengers
Outside
entities
Administrative
Airport Users
Agenda
• Airport Characteristics
• Airport Key Performance
Indicators
Characteristics of Profiled Airports
Passenger Enplanements and Runways
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
SFO IAD BWI DCA OAK SJC
Enplanements (million) 0 1 2 3 4 5 Runways Enplanements (2005) Runways Total Precipitation 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 J F M A M J J A S O N D Total Precipitation (mm) Washington San Francisco
Sources: FAA, Airport websites, The Weather Network
Snow 0 5 10 15 20 J F M A M J J A S O N D Snow (cm) Washington San Francisco
• Profile of six airports:
• San Francisco area:
• OAK-SJC-SFO
• Located within 34 mile
drive of each other
• Metro DC area:
• BWI-DCA-IAD
• Located within 57 mile
drive of each other
Passenger-Oriented
Airport Key Performance Indicators
Other business partners Regulators Cargo operators Owners (public and private) Airlines Individuals living nearby Management Passengers Outside entities Administrative Airport Users
•
Percentage flights delayed
• Uncontrollable: Weather, traffic volume
• Controllable: Efficiency of airport operations (e.g. ramp service)
•
Connecting times
• Uncontrollable: Airline schedules
• Controllable: Physical organization of airport, efficiency of handling operations (e.g. baggage transfer times, security screening efficiency, etc.)
•
Wait times at check-in, security, immigration
• Uncontrollable: “Peakness” of airline schedules • Controllable: Efficiency of airport operations
•
Baggage delivery (timeliness, lost bags)
• Uncontrollable: Airline schedules
Flight Arrival Status (Sept ’06)
Flights Arriving On Time70.00% 72.00% 74.00% 76.00% 78.00% 80.00% 82.00% 84.00% 86.00%
OAK SJC SFO BWI DCA IAD
Percentage of Arriving Flights
Extreme Weather 0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80% 1.00% 1.20%
OAK SJC SFO BWI DCA IAD
Percentage of Arriving Flights Delayed
• On-time: Arrival within 15
minutes of schedule
Central California Metro DC
• Extreme weather delay:
Significant meteorological
conditions (actual or forecast)
that, in the judgment of the
carrier, delays or prevents the
operation of a flight (e.g. tornado,
blizzard, hurricane, etc.)
Flight Arrival Status (Sept ’06)
Air Carrier Delay0.00% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 6.00% 7.00%
OAK SJC SFO BWI DCA IAD
Percentage of Arriving Flights Delayed
Source: Bureau Of Transportation Statistics – Airline Service Quality Performance
• Air carrier delay: The delay was
due to circumstances within the
airline's control (e.g. maintenance
or crew problems, aircraft
cleaning, baggage loading, fueling,
etc.)
• NAS delays: Delays and
cancellations attributable to the
national airspace system that refer
to a broad set of conditions —
non-extreme weather conditions,
airport operations, heavy traffic
volume, air traffic control, etc.
NAS Delay 0.00% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 6.00% 7.00% 8.00% 9.00% 10.00%
OAK SJC SFO BWI DCA IAD
•
Percentage flights delayed
• Uncontrollable: Weather, traffic volume
• Controllable: Efficiency of airport operations (e.g. ramp service)
•
Connecting times
• Uncontrollable: Airline schedules
• Controllable: Physical organization of airport, efficiency of handling operations (e.g. baggage transfer times, security screening efficiency, etc.)
•
Wait times at check-in, security, immigration
• Uncontrollable: “Peakness” of airline schedules • Controllable: Efficiency of airport operations
•
Baggage delivery (timeliness, lost bags)
• Uncontrollable: Airline schedules
• Controllable: Efficiency of baggage handling operations
Passenger-Oriented
Airport Key Performance Indicators
Other business partners Regulators Cargo operators Owners (public and private) Airlines Individuals living nearby Management Passengers Outside entities Administrative Airport Users
Airport Security Wait Times
Average Wait Time (Monday 7 am)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
OAK
SJC
SFO
BWI
DCA
IAD
Wait Time (min)
•
Percentage flights delayed
• Uncontrollable: Weather, traffic volume
• Controllable: Efficiency of airport operations (e.g. ramp service)
•
Connecting times
• Uncontrollable: Airline schedules
• Controllable: Physical organization of airport, efficiency of handling operations (e.g. baggage transfer times, security screening efficiency, etc.)
•
Wait times at check-in, security, immigration
• Uncontrollable: “Peakness” of airline schedules • Controllable: Efficiency of airport operations
•
Baggage delivery (timeliness, lost bags)
• Uncontrollable: Airline schedules
• Controllable: Efficiency of baggage handling operations
Passenger-Oriented
Airport Key Performance Indicators
Other business partners Regulators Cargo operators Owners (public and private) Airlines Individuals living nearby Management Passengers Outside entities Administrative Airport Users
Baggage Handling Effectiveness
Baggage Handling by Airline
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Hawaiian Jetblue Continental Aloha AirTran Northwest Frontier ATA Southwest American Alaska United ExpressJet
US Air Delta Mesa
Skywest
American Eagle
Comair
Atlantic Southeast
Mishandled bags per 1000 passengers
Source: US DOT September 2006
Airport Management-Oriented
Key Performance Indicators
Other business partners Regulators Cargo operators Owners (public and private) Airlines Individuals living nearby Management Passengers Outside entities Administrative Airport Users
•
Cost/passenger -- Cost/ton of cargo -- Cost/WLU
• Uncontrollable: Fixed asset depreciation costs
• Controllable: Labor rates, labor efficiency, number of passengers/amount of cargo
•
Labor cost/aircraft movement
• Controllable: Labor rates, labor efficiency, number of aircraft movements
•
Aircraft movements per runway
• Uncontrollable: Number of runways, weather
• Controllable: Overall number of aircraft movements
•
Minimum connecting times
• Uncontrollable: Airline schedules
• Controllable: Physical organization of airport, efficiency of handling operations (e.g. baggage transfer times, security screening efficiency, etc.)
Operating Expense Per WLU
Operating Expense/Enplaned WLU (2005)
$0 $2 $4 $6 $8 $10 $12 $14 $16 $18
OAK SJC SFO BWI DCA IAD
Operating Expense/WLU
Sources: FAA, Airport websites
• 1 Work Load Unit = 1 passenger or 100 kg of cargo
• Operating expense = Cost for staff, communications and
utilities, supplies and materials, repairs and maintenance,
contractual services etc. Excludes depreciation.
Airport Owner
Key Performance Indicators
Other business partners Regulators Cargo operators Owners (public and private) Airlines Individuals living nearby Management Passengers Outside entities Administrative Airport Users
•
Cost/passenger -- Cost/ton of cargo -- Cost/WLU
• Uncontrollable: Fixed asset depreciation costs
• Controllable: Labor rates, labor efficiency, number of passengers and amount of cargo
•
Landing fee revenue/aircraft movement
Aircraft Landing Fees
Source: Air Transportation Research Society – 2006 Airport Benchmarking Report
E.g. at IAD
• Landing fee: $3.32 / 1000 lb
• B747 landing weight: Approx. 400,000 lb • Total fee: $1,328
Affected Individual
Airport Key Performance Indicators
Other business partners Regulators Cargo operators Owners (public and private) Airlines Individuals living nearby Management Passengers Outside entities Administrative Airport Users
