Trajectory-Based Operations (TBO)

(1)

A Future Operational Perspective of SWIM

Stéphane Mondoloni, Ph.D.

December 12, 2017

Image: ICAO

(2)

Global ATM Operational Concept

Provides Future Vision

Endorsed at 11th Air Navigation

Conference (October 2003)

“ICAO, States and planning and implementation regional groups

(PIRGs), (to) consider the global ATM operational concept as the

common global framework to guide planning for implementation of

ATM systems and to focus all ATM development work

.”

35 th

Session of the Assembly Adopted

Resolution 23/1

The Assembly:

1. Calls upon States, PIRGs and aviation industry to use the ICAO

Global ATM Operational Concept as the common framework to guide

planning and implementation of CNS/ATM systems and to focus all

such development work on the Global ATM Operational Concept;

(extract)

(3)

Consistent, Inter-related Concepts

Global Concept Requirements

Performance

Detailed Concepts _{Global Air Navigation Plan}

Images: ICAO

Flight and Flow – Information for a Collaborative Environment (FF-ICE) Collaborative Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM)

System Wide Information Management (SWIM) Including Air-Ground SWIM

Global Trajectory-Based Operations (TBO)

Being reflected in the next update to the GANP

(4)

(5)

Aircraft Operator

ATM Delivered via Collaboration

Air Traffic Management

Scheduling Flight Planning Re-optimization

Manage Airspace Plan Workforce

Manage Flows

Congestion, Weather, Outages

Synchronize Flights Separation

Operate Flight

Interdependence

Manage interactions through

coordination between participants

ATFM

Tactical ATFM

(6)

ATFM

Collaboration – Present Day

FOC Automation Flight Deck Automation ATC Automation TFM Automation Limited In-Flight Coordination Plan not followed Imprecise execution Automation not Informed Disparate Plans in Automation

(7)

ATFM

Collaboration – Future Environment

FOC Automation Flight Deck Automation ATC Automation TFM Automation Negotiated Trajectory Improved Control Precision Closed Trajectory Accurate Execution Automation Informed Trajectory Constraints Robust Solutions

(8)

Global TBO - Three important attributes

Note that:



Plan can be updated and revised



Strategic decisions accommodate tactical outcomes, tactical decisions respect the

strategic plan



Collaboration and information sharing is central  SWIM, FF-ICE

1. Every participant / system is operating to a plan

2. Everyone operates to the same plan

(9)

What TBO Concept is not

(despite what some may think it is)



A centralized plan solving all problems pre-departure



Totally automated



Free routing everywhere



Full equipage required everywhere



Self-separation



Conflict-free all the time



Full 4D control to trajectory

Just what do you

think you are doing

Dave?

Image: 2001: A Space Odyssey

When necessary, TBO may

include aspects of the above

(10)

Wild-West

Image: Personal photograph

ATM System Evolution

Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech



System is performance-driven



No “Big-Bang”

–

Mixed-mode: Individual Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSP)

deploy capabilities along different timelines

–

Mixed Equipage: Aircraft Operators as well

 Expect mixed-mode, mixed-equipage



Need for synchronization

–

ASBUs define timeline for availability of capabilities

(11)

TBO Evolution of Capabilities

Airspace User

Trajectory Accuracy

Adapted Values

Shared

Parameters

FOC

EFB

Aircraft-Derived

Aircraft 4DT

(EPP)

ADS-C

Clearances

Voice

Initial CPDLC

Precise

Clearances

ATM Components

TBO Components

Ground

Synchronization

Full TBO

Integration

FOC – Flight Operations Center FD – Flight Deck

EFB - Electronic Flight Bag

EPP – Extended Projected Profile

T od ay End Stat e

Flight Plan - FPL

Pre-departure

Negotiation

Post-departure

Negotiation

FOC

FD

FOC

(12)

Flight Crew: • Connectivity

• Flight Time Limitations & Rest Requirements • Equipment Qualifications

Manage Single Flight to Global Network • Local permissions, curfews

• Availability of ground resources

Passenger & Cargo: • Connectivity • On-time performance Individual Flight: • Winds • Weather • Fuel • Alternates • Performance • Obstacles

• Weight & balance • Deicing • Volcanic Ash • ETOPS • MEL • Flight Following • Re-planning

All while managing risk / uncertainty

Pre- and Post-Departure Negotiation

Operators can better meet objectives:

• Better and more timely information

• Negotiate to respond to changes

 Improve performance:

Resource utilization

Re-optimized flight paths

Prioritized flights

(13)

Mixed-mode Environment

FD

Legacy Airspace

ASP

ATFM ATC AO

Airspace supports TBO

ATC

Voice Comm.

Limited

Automation

No SWIM

Information exchange via

SWIM w/ connected aircraft

Enables:

• Continual data access

• Delivery of services to the FD & FOC

• Negotiation

• Information services

FOC

(14)

Appropriate Strategic Decision Making

Strategic decisions consider expected tactical outcomes

Example:

1. Demand/Capacity imbalance expected 2. Plan arrival times to meet expected capacity 3. Expect metering delays.

Synchronize plans 4. Margin for conflicts

5. Agree on robust wheels-up time.

Tactical Decisions Respect Strategic Plans

Distribution of Delay required

Once uncertainty materializes, appropriate delay absorbed, keeping the plan

Don’t we do

this today?

Don’t absorb all the delay required, allow margin for uncertainty

Delay required

Timing and extent of decisions based on uncertainty No, because under TBO:

Accurate trajectories, consistent plans reduce uncertainty

(15)

TBO and SWIM

Image: ICAO SWIM Concept



TBO improves:

–

Efficiency

–

Predictability

–

Capacity

–

Flexibility

–

Participation

–

Global Interoperability

(16)

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