Understanding Typhoons

(1)

TYPHOON

Causes And Mechanisms,

Impacts And Effects, And

Mitigation

(2)

What is Typhoon?

•

T

ropical

Cyclones

that dev

elops in

the north-western part of the Pacic

Ocean

between

180°

and

100°E

•

!n the

Philippines" tropical cyclones

#typhoons$ are called

bagyo

 The

ter% ba&yo" a 'ilipino word %eanin&

typhoon arose after a 1(11 stor% in

the city of )a&*io had a record

rainfall of +, inches within a

+-ho*r

period

(3)

What is Typhoon?

•

T

ropical

Cyclones

that dev

elops in

the north-western part of the Pacic

Ocean

between

180°

and

100°E

•

!n the

Philippines" tropical cyclones

#typhoons$ are called

bagyo

 The

ter% ba&yo" a 'ilipino word %eanin&

typhoon arose after a 1(11 stor% in

the city of )a&*io had a record

rainfall of +, inches within a

+-ho*r

period

(4)

T

Typhoons yphoons are cate&are cate&ori.ed into ori.ed into ve/ve/

•

• Cate&ory Cate&ory 1 - 1 - TTropical ropical epressionepression

-s*stains winds between 11( and 12

3%4ho*r #3%4h$ !t is the rst notable sta&e

in the for%ation of a h*rricane#5ora3ot$

•

• Cate&ory Cate&ory  - T - Tropical 6tor% ropical 6tor% #T6$#T6$

- has winds between 1+ and 177 3%4h

-a tropical stor% is a syste% of intense

th*nderstor%s that pro&ressively

intensies

•

• Cate&ory Cate&ory 2 - 2 - 6tron& 6tron& TTyphoonyphoon

- stron& typhoon is a syste% of low

press*re and intense winds #between 178

and 0( 3%4h$#5ae%i-6o*th 9orea$

(5)

•

Cate&ory + - !ntense Typhoon #or

:*rricane$

-n intense typhoon s*stains

hi&h winds of 10 to +( 3%4h

and is classied as a cate&ory-

stor%" which carries the hi&hest

ele%ent of ris3

•

Cate&ory  - ;iolent Typhoon

- violent typhoon is

characteri.ed by winds e<ceedin&

+( 3%4h

(6)

•

Variability in Activity

On an annual time scale, activity

reaches a minimum in February,

before increasing steadily

through June, and spiking from

July through October, ith

!eptember being the most active

month for tropical cyclones in the

"hilippines# Activity falls o$

(7)

'ist of "hilippine Typhoon

()*+-.))/

=a%e Period of occ*rre nce eaths a%a&e #in billion$ :i&hest wind speed in 3ph reas %ost a>ected !ening (Joan/ October ))-)0,)*+ +12 )#+ .2 3icol region, 4alabar5on 6erming (betty/ August o+-)7, )*2+ *7 8*#* .1 !amar, 3icol 9egion 9uping (:ike/ &ovembe r )-)7, )** +72 )2#. .20 4ebu 6arurot (;mbudo/ July )8-.7,.8 17 8#2+ .7 4agayan Valley, 4A9, ;locos region <nding (:uifa/ &ovembe r )7-1* 8#2+ .7 3icol 9egion, :;:A9O"A

(8)

•

:ilenyo (=angsane/-.1

•

Frank (Fengshen/ > .2

•

Ondoy (etsana/ > .*

•

3ebeng (Aere/ > .))

(9)

These are the $# typhoons hits in the

"hilippines (.)./

• 5)O • )?TC:O@ • CO65E • !=O • E=TE=A • 'B=9 • AE=EB • :EE= • !A5E • 6!O=@ • TO=@O • @O@O=A • DO6!5O • ?!= • 9BE= • F!= • 5BCE • =!= • O'E • P)O • G?!=T • BO@ • ?@66E6 • ;!C9@

(10)

C?6E6 O' T@P:OO=

TB=6'OB5T!O=

Pre-conditions

(11)

PBE-CO=!T!O=6 O' T@P:OO= 'OB5T!O= 5O=6OO= TBO?A: This is an e<tension of the !nter- Tropical Conver&ence Done where cyclonic spin has developed The !TCD is a tro*&h is a low press*re created by the conver&ence of the northeast and so*theast trade

(12)

T9O";4A'

<""@9

T9O"O!"6@9;

4 T9O<6

The typical

lo pressure

center that

forms a typhoon

starts at the

loer levels and

is arm

compared to its

environment#

(13)

F9O&T

!tall over tropical ater#

A front has a cyclonic spin

associated ith it# ;f inds aloft

become favorable ith little ind

shear, shoers and storms could become more

numerous and cause a typhoon to form#

(14)

:@!O!4A'@ 4O&V@4T;V@ !B!T@: These organi5ed clusters of storms can move o$ a continental

landmass and drift over arm aters# ;f they already contain a small vorteC in the cluster, this may

make to region even more favorable for tropical cyclone

(15)

+ 3A!;&! W6@9@ T9O";4A' 4B4'O&@

D@V@'O"!

• &O9T6 AT'A&T;4

O4@A&

June )- &ovember 8# The most active

period runs from about mid August

through the latter part of October#

( 4aribbean, 3ermuda, 4entral America etc#/

• @A!T@9& &O9T6

"A4;F;4 O4@A&

:ay )0 - &ovember 8# This is the second most active region for tropical cyclones in

the orld# These

storms mostly move into the open eastern "aci%c Ocean but can a$ect estern :eCico and sometimes after developing, 6aaii#

(16)

•

A9A3;A& !@A

( !evere 4yclonic

!torm/

April ) - December 8# This basin has a double

maCimum because of the monsoon trough moving through at to di$erent times of the year#

• !O<T6W@!T "A4;F;4

O4@A& (!T4/

October )0 - :ay )#

These tropical cyclones may a$ect eastern

Australia#

•

&O9T6W@!T

"A4;F;4

O4@A&(Typhoon/

All year# This is the most active basin in the orld# :ost

typhoons form

beteen July through &ovember# The tropical cyclones that form

here can a$ect the

"hilippines, !outheast Asia including 4hina

(17)

• !O<T6@A!T ;&D@A&

O4@A& ( !T4/

October )0 - :ay# These tropical

cyclones may a$ect northern and estern Australia# This basin has a double

maCimum in mid January, and mid

February through early :arch# • !O<T6W@!T ;&D;A& O4@A& ( T4/ October )0 - :ay )0# These tropical

cyclones may a$ect :adagascar and

south-eastern Africa# A double maCimum occurs in mid January and mid February

(18)

T6@ ';F@ OF A TB"6OO&

T6@ FO<9 !TA@! OF T6@

';F@ OF A TB"6OO&

(19)

•FO9:AT;V@

!TA@

•;::AT<9@ !TA@

•:AT<9@ !TA@

(20)

(21)

@FF@4T! OF

TB"6OO&

(22)

)?!!=A6 = !='B6TB?CT?BE

The to most destructive forces associated ith

typhoons are ind and rain# According to the reen Fun ebsite, typhoon inds can a$ect buildings and other structures in to aysE through direct force and through proectiles# The

heavy and persistent rainfall that typhoons bring can also have devastating e$ects# ;n addition to making homes uninhabitable, the Gooding associated ith typhoons

can make roads impassable, hich can cripple rescue

(23)

(24)

WAT@949AFT A&D WAT@9

O"@9AT;O&!

(25)



!

'

E

(26)

@4O&O:;4A' @FF@4T!

• Di$erent countries eCperience di$erent types of

natural calamities# <! are knon for

eCperiencing devastating hurricanes hile Japan is prone to earthHuakes and tsunamis# The "hilippines, on the other hand, has had its

fair share of typhoons and tropical storms#

Aside from Ondoy, our country has eCperienced several devastating typhoons# ;n the table

belo, e summari5e some of the most

%nancially-damaging typhoons that our country has dealt ith

(27)

@FF@4T O& T6@ !TO4

:A9@T

•

Aside from the economic e$ects of

typhoons and Goods, e also ant to

sho the e$ect of natural disasters on

the stock market# A fe days after

typhoons :ilenyo and Ondoy, the "!@

;ndeC as slightly don compared to

here it as before the typhoons

occurred# !imilarly, the "!@ ;ndeC is don

#7 percent, on lethargic trading, three

days after the peak of the recent rains

and Goods#

(28)

!5PCT6

• &atural disasters can have

important implications for public %nance# Disasters are likely to result in additional eCpenditure andIor the partial reallocation of already committed %nancial

resources, ith implications for planned investment and other

eCpenditures# "ublic revenue may also decline as levels of economic activity fall# ;n conseHuence, a

government may face increasing budgetary pressures hich could in turn increase levels of domestic andIor eCternal borroing or

increasing the money supply, each, in turn, ith potentially signi%cant knock-on e$ects (3enson and 4lay, .8/#

F;!4A'

;:"A4T!

(29)

:

;

T

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A

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(30)

• no your enemyE

ha5ards and their e$ects

• ;dentifying hich these

are>the elements most at risk>indicates

priorities for mitigation#

• Vulnerability

• Tools, poers and

budgets# • "9@4A<T;O&A9B :@A!<9@! • &atural Disaster 9eduction Assessment •

"O';4;@!

• !uspension of 4lasses,

Work and Activities during Typhoons

• Dep@d Order &o# .2 series of .0E <;D@';&@! O& T6@ !<!"@&!;O& OF

4'A!!@! W6@&

TB"6OO&! A&D OT6@9 4A'A:;T;@! O44<9#

• D@"@D Order &o# 0 s# .+ ith &D44

:emorandum &o#+ s# .1#

• "hilippine !torm !;&A' WA9&;&! ("!W!/

(31)

4O&4'<!;O&I9@4O::@&DAT;O&

• &atural disasters, both natural and manmade, can and

ill occur, often ith little or no arning# ;t has

tremendous e$ect not only physically but also on the mental aspect of an individual especially the younger ones# Disasters often strike ithout arning and cause damages that limit or prevent an adeHuate response# We have to commit ourselves to understanding these ha5ards and to applying techniHues that reduce our vulnerability# We need to eCplore the feasibility of

concerted scienti%c and engineering e$orts in reducing the loss of life and property through programs of public education and of e$ective early arning system# The development of arning systems ith adeHuate range of monitoring instruments for the purpose of collecting necessary data and information for disaster evaluation is necessary for establishing relative potential risks#