All APA Examples APA 250113

(1)

Admin Sign In

Introduction APA Reference Formats All APA Examples APA Sample Reference List APA - Online Video Guides Help & Feedback

APA All Examples PDF

APA All Examples (10 pages): PDF version APA Key Examples (2 pages): PDF version

In-Text & Reference List Examples (1) Books & eBooks

Material Type In-Text Example Reference List Example

Book: Single Author "It is self-identification..." (Fuller, 2011, pp. 34-35). OR

Fuller (2011, pp. 34-35) suggests that self identification... Add page numbers for direct quotes.

Fuller, C. F. (2011). Sociology, gender and educational aspirations: Girls and their ambitions. Albany, NY: Continuum International.

For location use the U.S. state abbreviation. This is also acceptable for Australian states and territories. For all other countries, spell out the name in full.

Book: 2 Authors and Edition According to Weinberg and Gould (2011) ... OR

... this is evident (Weinberg & Gould, 2011).

Cite both authors each time the reference occurs.

Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2011). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology (6th ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

The edition number is included after the title of the work (not necessary for first editions). Book: 3, 4 or 5 Authors ... in festival organisation (Allen, O'Toole, & Donnell, 2011).

OR

Allen, O'Toole, and Donnell (2011) have found ...

Cite all of the authors the first time the reference occurs. In subsequent citations include only the surname of the first author followed by et al. and the year, e.g.

... events are a celebration (Allen et al., 2011). OR

Allen et al. (2011) have stated ...

Allen, J. E., O'Toole, W., & Donnell, J.-B. (2011). Festival and special event management (5th ed.). Milton, QLD: John Wiley & Sons.

Provide the names of all authors in the reference list.

If an author's first name is hyphenated, retain the hyphen and include a full stop after each initial as in Jean-Baptiste Donnell above.

Book: 6 or more Authors Mussen et al. (1995) have found ... OR

... for all learning (Mussen et al., 1995).

Cite only the surname of the first author followed by et al. and the year, for the first and

subsequent citations.

Mussen, P., Rozenweig, M. R., Aronson, E., Elkind, D., Feshbach, S. T., & Geiwitz, P. J. (1995). Psychology: An introduction (7th ed.). Albany, NY: Thompson Delmar Learning.

Provide the names of all authors in the

reference list up to and including seven authors. Book: 8 or more Authors Leggat et al. (2009) have found ...

OR

Leggat, I. K., Hutchings, D., Poliness, S., Nemeth, T., West, A., Ngo, A., . . . Mascilongo, J. (2009). How to Library » LibGuides » APA REFERENCING: A Brief Guide

APA REFERENCING: A Brief Guide

Tags: apa, bibliography, citation, citing, reference, reference list, references, referencing, style guide

Last Updated: Jan 24, 2013 URL: http://guides.library.vu.edu.au/APA Print Guide RSS Updates Email Alerts

(2)

... play a crucial role (Leggat et al., 2009).

maximise the use of libraries in educational

institutions. St Albans, VIC: Victoria University Press. Include the first six authors' names, followed by three dots, then add the last author's name. Book: No Author As defined in the Style Manual for Authors, Editors and

Printers (2002) reference lists should be double spaced. ... should be double spaced (Style Manual for Authors, Editors and Printers, 2002).

Style manual for authors, editors and printers. (2002). (6th ed.). Canberra, ACT: AGPS.

If no author or editor, the title is used as the first element of the reference.

Book: Editor(s) ... for future learning (Ashwin, 2006). OR

As described in Ashwin (2006) ...

... health care is described (Lemone et al., 2011). OR

Lemone et al. (2011) describe health care...

Ashwin, P. (Ed.). (2006). Changing higher education: The development of learning and teaching.London, England: Routledge.

With more than one editor use multiple author format as above and use (Eds.).

Lemone, P., Burke, K. M., Dwyer, T., Levett-Jones, T., Moxham, L., Reid-Searl, K., ... Raymond, D. (Eds.). (2011). Medical-surgical nursing: Critical thinking in client care. (1st Australian ed.). Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson Australia.

Book: with Author and

Editor "A large income is the best recipe for happiness I ever heardof" (Austen, 1814/2005, p. 195) Include the original publication date in the citation.

Austen, J. (1814/2005). Mansfield Park (J. Wiltshire, Ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Chapter or part of a Book to which a number of authors have contributed

"Boud (2006, p. 23) states that self-directed learning... OR

"Self-directed learning is..." (Boud, 2006, p. 23). In the in-text reference name the author of the chapter.

Boud, D. (2006). Aren't we all learner-centred now?: The bittersweet flavour of success. In P. Ashwin

(Ed.), Changing higher education: the development of learning and teaching (pp. 19–32). London, England: Routledge.

Book: with volume numbers ... as this complex theory is dealt with in detail by Russell (2003, vol. 2, p. 23; vol. 3, pp. 17-36).

If more than one volume is given, separate with a semi-colon.

Russell, B. (2003). The autobiography of Bertrand Russell (Vols. 1-3). London, England: Allen & Unwin.

Book: Translator & Author (Marklund, 2011) Marklund, L. (2011). Exposed (N. Smith, Trans.). Montreal, Canada: Random House.

Book: Organisation as

Author (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011) (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008)

(Department of Health and Family Services [DHFS], 2007) If you want to cite from the report more than once, in the first citation provide the full name of the organisation, as above. In subsequent citations use the abbreviated organisational title. e.g.

(DHFS, 2007)

Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2011). 2011 Census dictionary (No. 2901.0). Canberra, ACT: Author. Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2008). Childhood education

and care (No. 4402.0). Canberra, ACT: Author. Retrieved from http://www.abs.gov.au

Add the ABS Report's Catalogue Number after the title. 'Author' is used in place of the publisher name if they are the same body. Department of Health and Family Services. (2007). Youth

suicide in Australia: The National Youth Suicide Prevention Strategy. Canberra, ACT: AGPS. Provide the full name of the organisation in the reference list.

E-book - No DOI assigned (Rosen, 2011) OR

Rosen (2011) regards...

Rosen, L . (2011). The culture of Islam: Changing aspects of contemporary Muslim life. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Retrieved from http://www.eblib.com If a DOI is not available, provide the home page URL of the book publisher. No retrieval date is required.

E-book - with DOI assigned ... in all communities (Hill, 2001). Hill, C. E. (Ed.). (2001). The helping skills: The empirical foundation. Washington, DC: American Psychological

(3)

OR

Hill (2001) regards ... Association. doi:10.1037/10412-000

If a DOI is available include it at the end of the citation. The database name, URL or date of retrieval are not required.

Book: Anonymous author (Anonymous, 2000)

When a work's author is designated as Anonymous inlcude the word 'Anonymous' followed by a comma and year.

Anonymous. (2000). Maximum Security (3rd ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Prentice Hall.

In your reference list, include such titles in your alphabetical listing as if 'Anonymous' were a true name.

Book on a Kindle ... in all outcomes (Gladwell, 2008). OR

Gladwell (2008) remarks ...

For direct quotations of online material without pagination, name the major sections, chapter, section, and paragraph number e.g.

One of the author’s main points is that “people don’t rise from nothing” (Gladwell, 2008, Chapter 1, Section 2, para. 5).

Gladwell, M. (2008). Outliers: The story of success [Kindle DX version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com

Include the type of e-book version you read e.g. Kindle DX version. In lieu of publisher

information, include the book’s DOI or where you downloaded the e-book from if there is no DOI.

Book: Multiple works same

author "Marketing requires matching your customers needs"(McDonald & Payne, 1996, p. 13, 2006, pp. 16-17). OR

McDonald and Payne (1996, p. 13, 2006, pp. 16-17) state "Marketing requires matching your customers needs".

McDonald, M. D., & Payne, A. (1996). Marketing planning for services. Oxford, England: Butterworth-Heinemann. McDonald, M. D., & Payne, A. (2006). Marketing plans for

service businesses: A complete guide (2nd ed.). Oxford, England: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Book: Multiple works in the

same citation (Haddon, 1999; Larsen & Harris, 1991) ... OR

Haddon (1999) and Larsen and Harris (1991) demonstrated that ...

Haddon, P. F. (1999). Mastering personal and interpersonal skills. London, England: Thorogood. Larsen, R. W., & Harris, T. (1991). New horizons in personal theory and practice. San Francisco, CA: Josey-Bass.

Book:

Classical or Religious text (Aristotle, trans. 1911, p. 34-35)OR (Aristotle, 1934 version, p. 178) 1 Cor. 13:1 (Revised Standard Version) (Qur'an 5:3-4)

Where the parts of classic or religious texts are numbered the same across all editions, use these numbers rather than page numbers.

You do not need to include an entry in the reference list.

Secondary sources: When you are referring to the ideas or words of an author who has been cited in another author's work.

"...optimistic, independent yet good at collaboration" (Tapscott as cited in El-Shamy, 2004, p. 25). OR

Tapscott (as cited in El-Shamy, 2004) argues ...

El-Shamy, S. (2004). How to design and deliver training for the new and emerging generations. San Francisco, CA: Wiley.

Provide the full reference for the book that you actually read.

Journal Articles

Journal Article: Single

Author "... contributes to overall physical health" (Brill, 2011, pp. 39-40). OR

Brill (2011, pp. 39-40) suggests "Physical activity ...". Include page numbers for direct quotes.

Brill, J. B. (2011). Heal your heart with food: Eight foods that prevent a second heart attack. Better

Nutrition,73(2), 38-42 .

Journal Article: 2 authors ... many years (Allen & Black, 1995) but others disagree. OR

Allen and Black (1995) have found ...

Cite both authors each time the reference occurs.

Allen, M. C., & Black, R. (1995). The future of higher education in

Australia. Journal of Higher Education, 15(2), 16-25.

(4)

authors Black, 2011). OR

Allen, Zuboff, and Black (2011) have found ...

Cite all of the authors the first time the reference occurs. In subsequent citations include only the surname of the first author followed by et al. and the year, e.g.

... events are a celebration (Allen et al., 2011). OR

Allen et al. (2011) have found...

Allen, M. C., Zuboff, T., & Black, R. (2011). Educational praxis in Australia: the state of play. Distance Education, 16(1), 26-34.

Journal Article: 6 or more

authors ... aided by design (Allen et al., 1993) that hascomplemented instruction. OR

Allen et al. (1993) have found...

Cite only the surname of the first author followed by et al. and the year for the first and subsequent citations.

Allen, M. C., Grant, B. A., Zuboff, T., Roper, R. W., Ng, V., Leonard, P., & Black, R. (1993). Instructional

designers in Australia: A brief history. Online Education, 14(3), 15-17.

Journal Article: 8 or more

authors Stice et al. (2008) have found ... OR

... in which university libraries play a crucial role (Stice et al., 2008).

Stice, E., Marti, C., Spoor-Thompson, S. R., Presnell, K., Shaw, T. G., Trinh, V. O., . . . Roper, M. A. (2008). The effect on educational achievement of university library design. Journal of Psychology and

Education, 25(2), 29-33.

Include the first six authors' names, followed by three dots, then add the last author's name. Online Journal Article: DOI

assigned ... found in the recruitment process for companies (Klimoski& Palmer, 1993). OR

Klimoski and Palmer (1993) have found ...

Klimoski, R., & Palmer, S. (1993). The ADA and the hiring process in organizations. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 45(2), 10-36. doi:10.1037/1061-4087.45.2.10

If a DOI is available include it at the end of the citation. The database name, URL and date of retrieval are not required.

Online Journal Article: No

DOI assigned ... for many (Sillick & Schutte, 2006).OR As Sillick and Schutte (2006) say ...

Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38–48. Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap

If a DOI is not available, provide the home page URL of the journal publisher. The retrieval date is not required.

Journal article: No Author ... as was the case for most students ("The Pain of Being a Caffeine Freak," 2001).

OR

... as in the "The Pain of Being a Caffeine Freak" (2001) which reveals ...

When a work has no identitfied author, cite in-text the first few words of the reference entry (usually the title) and the year. Use double quotation marks if you are referring to the title of an article, chapter or web page.

Just italicize the title if you are referring to the title of a periodical, book, brochure or a report, see Book: No Author

The pain of being a caffeine freak. (2001, October 6). New Scientist, 172(2311), 27.

For magazines, newsletters, and newspapers, give the year and the exact date of the

publication (month or month and day), separated by a comma.

Online Journal article: No

page numbers ... in all outcomes (Williams, 2008).OR Williams (2008) remarks ...

For direct quotations of online material without pagination, name the sections and paragraph number e.g.

Williams, J. (2008). The victims of crime. Sociology Review, 17(4), Retrieved from

http://magazines.philipallan.co.uk/Magazines/Sociology-Review.aspx

(5)

One of the author’s main points is that “people don’t rise from nothing” (Williams, 2008, Section 2, para. 5). When you are referring to

the ideas or words of an author who has been cited in another work.

"...optimistic, indepenent yet good at collaboration" (Tapscott as cited in El-Shamy, 2004, p. 45).

OR

Tapscott's diary (as cited in El-Shamy, 2004) states ... Provide names of both authors.

El-Shamy, S. (2004). How to write a Psychology report. Journal of Research in the Social Sciences, 17(4), 44-52.

Provide the full reference for the journal article that you actually read.

Newspapers

Newspaper: Print (Gordon, 2011) OR

As Gordon (2011) says ...

Add page numbers for direct quotes.

Gordon, M. (2011, August 20). The boat that changed it all. The Age, pp. 18, 22.

If an article appears on discontinuous pages, give all page numbers, and separate the numbers with a comma.

Newspaper: from a Website (Norton, 2011) Norton, A. (2011, October 11). Why teaching must be rated. The Age. Retrieved

from http://www.theage.com.au Newspaper: from a

database (Smith, 2011) Smith, B. (2011, June 24). Brain study confirms stress oflife in the city. The Age, p.14. Retrieved from Factiva. Newspaper article: without

author ("Child psychologist," 2010) ... OR

As discussed in "Child psychologist" (2010) ... Use a shortened title (or full title if it is short) enclosed in double quotation marks.

Child psychologist inspired by dreams of Freud. (2010, August 16). The West Australian, p. 2.

Use the first word of the title to place this reference in the alphabetical sequence of your reference list.

Newspaper article: from a separately paginated section

(Wilson, 2009) Wilson, J. (2009, September 26). In defence of the

superficial. The Age: A2, p. 23.

Note: 'A2' before the page number indicates a separately paginated section of the newspaper. Press or Media Release (CSIRO, 2007)

(Prime Minister of Australia, 2010)

CSIRO. (2007, March 20). Cyclone science shows rainforest impacts and recovery [Press release]. Retrieved from http://www.csiro.au/news/ps2wj.html Prime Minister of Australia. (2010, July 7). Gillard

Government to boost resources to international border patrols [Press release]. Canberra, Australia: AGPS.

In-Text & Reference List Examples (2) Internet / Websites

Material Type In-Text Example Reference List Example

Web Document (Allen, 2004) Allen, D. (2004). Dealing with your meeting notes. Retrieved from http://www.effectivemeetings.com/meetingbasics/

Web

Document: No date

(Gold, n.d.) Gold, M. (n.d.). What is holisitic medicine? Retrieved from http://www.holisticmed.com/whatis.html

Web

Document: No Author

("Tips on Taking Multi-Choice Tests," 2011) Tips on taking multi-choice tests. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.socialpsychology.org/testtips.htm Web

Document: Government Department as

(Department of Health and Family Services [DHFS], 2007)

If you want to cite from the report

Department of Health and Family Services. (2007). Youth suicide in Australia: The National Youth Suicide Prevention Strategy. Retrieved from

http://www.health.gov.au/internet/mentalhealth/publishing.nsf/Content/national-suicide-prevention-strategy-1

(6)

Author _{more than once; in the first citation} provide the full name of the

organisation, as above. In subsequent citations use the abbreviated organisational title e.g. (DHFS, 2007)

Web Document: ABS

(Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008) Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2008). Childhood education and care (No. 4402.0). Canberra, ACT. Retrieved from http://www.abs.gov.au

Add the ABS Report's Catalogue Number after the title. Web

Document: Organisation as Author

(The Australian Psychological Society, 2008) The Australian Psychological Society. (2008). Understanding and managing anxiety. Retrieved from http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/tip_sheets/anxiety

Website (Goldberg, 2000) Goldberg, I. (2000). Dr. Ivan's depression central. Retrieved from http://www.psycom.net/depression.central.html

Blog Post (Myers, 2007)

(MiddleKid, 2007)

Myers, P. Z. (2007, January 22). The unfortunate prerequisites and consequences of partitioning your mind [Web log post]. Retrieved from

http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2007/01/the_unfortunate_prerequisities.php A blog comment where the author uses an alias would be referenced as follows:

MiddleKid. (2007, January 22). Re: The unfortunate prerequisites and consequences of partitioning your mind [Web log comment]. Retrieved from

http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2007/01/the_unfortunate_prerequisities.php Video Blog

Post (YouTube)

(Hall, 2007) Hall, A. (2007, December 20). How to study at Oxford University [Video file]. Retrieved_{from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxAU88LxLis}

Podcast: Web

(Moss & Selig, 2010) Moss, S. (Presenter), & Selig, S. (Presenter). (2010). Conversations with ALMA: Healthy_{eating and maintaining motivation [Audio podcast]. Fairlight, NSW: Australian Lifestyle} Medicine Association. Retrieved from http://www.lifestylemedicine.com.au/health-professionals/podcast.htm

Podcast: Radio

show (Rheinberger & Hogan, 2011) Rheinberger, J. (Script Writer), & Hogan, A. (Director). (2011, October 25). Episode26 [Podcast radio programme]. In C. Thompson (Producer), Nerdzilla. Hobart, TAS: ABC Local Radio. Retrieved from

http://www.abc.net.au/local/audio/2011/10/24/3346730.htm

For an episode from a radio series, use the same format as for a chapter in a book, but list the script writer and director in the author position and the producer in the editor position.

Podcast: TV

show (Brown & Brodie, 2007) Brown, W. (Script Writer), & Brodie, K. (Director). (2007, June 4). From Lake Baikal to the_{halfway mark, Yekaterinburg [Podcast television programme]. In P. George} (Producer), Peking to Paris. Sydney, NSW: ABC Television. Retrieved from

http://www.abc.net.au/tv/pekingtoparis/podcast

For an episode from a television series, use the same format as for a chapter in a book, but list the script writer and director in the author position and the producer in the editor position.

Computer

Software (Schoonjans, 2008) Schoonjans, F. (2008). MedCalc Statistical Software (Version 9.5.2.0) [Computer_{software]. Palo Alto, CA: 3d2f.Com. Retrieved from} http://3d2f.com/programs/13-638-medcalc-statistical-software-download.shtml

Reference list entries are not necessary for standard off-the-shelf software. Provide entries for specialised software. Add the version number after the name of the software.

Lecture Notes

Lecture Notes: Online

(WebCT)

(Bruck, 2009)

Bruck, D. (2009). APP1016: Foundations of Psychological Research, week 6 notes [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from http://library.vu.edu.au/search/r?

(7)

SEARCH=app1016

Lecture notes obtained from any Learning Management System such as WebCT or Pebblepad are referenced as above adding the URL of the website.

Lecture Notes:

Print (Sonn, 2011) Sonn, C. (2011). APM5003: Exploring methodology for psychological research [Classhandout]. School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.

Theses

Thesis:

Unpublished (Suwetwattanakul, 2005) (Maddigan, 2010)

Suwetwattanakul, C. (2010). Developing a knowledge sharing model for the

implementation of the learning organization in Thailand (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.

Maddigan, P. (2010). Women and career advancement: a case study in the Australian Federal Police (Unpublished master's thesis). Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.

Don't repeat the city of location if it is part of the University's name. Thesis:

Published (Binder, 2009) Binder, G. (2009). Corporate governance in Arab countries: Development of corporategovernance in Arab and MENA countries. Vienna, Austria: University of Vienna. Thesis:

Institutional Repository

(Barua, 2010) Barua, S. (2010). Drought assessment and forecasting using a nonlinear aggregated drought index (Doctoral dissertation, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia). Retrieved from http://vuir.vu.edu.au/1598

Include the university and location for a non-U.S. online thesis. Thesis:

Commercial database

(McGahuey, 2009) McGahuey, C. A. (2009). Psychology as a valid science: An attitudinal survey (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses databases. (UMI No. 305152264

)

Thesis: from

the web (Bruckman, 1997) Bruckman, A. (1997). MOOSE Crossing: Construction, community, and learning in anetworked virtual world for kids (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Retrieved from http://www-static.cc.gatech.edu/~asb/thesis Location of the university is not included for a U.S. thesis. Legislation

Acts & Bills ... according to s. 15.4 of the Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 (Qld) ... The Interactive Gambling Bill 2001 (Cth) prohibits ...

Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 (Qld) s. 15.4 (Austl.).

Interactive Gambling Bill 2001 (Cth) (Austl.).

Reference should cite the print source unless an electronic source is designated as the official version.

Acts & Bills:

Online ... according to s. 15.4 of the Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 (Qld) ...The Interactive Gambling Bill 2001 (Cth) prohibits ...

Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 (Qld) s. 15.4 (Austl.). Retrieved from http://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/Acts_SLs/Acts_SL_A.htm

Interactive Gambling Bill 2001 (Cth) (Austl.). Retrieved from Lexis Nexis.

Cases According to Carey v. Price (2005) ... ... in a land rights case (Mabo v. Queensland, 1988).

Carey v. Price 2005 132 ALR 255 (Austl.).

Mabo v. Queensland 1988 166 CLR 186 (Austl.). Conference Proceedings

Conference

Proceeding (Kift & Nelson, 2005)OR

Kift, S., & Nelson, K. (2005). Beyond curriculum reform: Embedding the transition experience. In A. Brew & C. Asmar (Eds.), HERDSA 2005 Conference: Higher Education in a Changing World: Research and Development in Higher Education (pp. 225-235). Sydney, NSW: Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia. Retrieved from

(8)

Paper: Online As Kift and Nelson (2005) claim ... _{http://conference.herdsa.org.au/2005/pdf/refereed/paper_294.pdf} Capitalise the names of conferences, symposia and meetings.

Conference Proceeding

Paper: Print (Prayag & Ramjee, 2009)

Prayag, I. L., & Ramjee, R. (2009). The impact of Newcastle disease control on smallholder poultry production in Mauritius. In R. G. Alsers, P. B. Spadbrow, & M. P. Young (Eds.), Village chickens, poverty alleviation and the sustainable control of Newcastle disease: Proceedings of an international conference held in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 5-7 October 2005 (pp. 132-134). Canberra, ACT: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research.

If there are more than two editors a comma is placed before the ampersand.

In-Text & Reference List Examples (3)

Personal Communications and Archival Materials

Email An email (J. W. Ayers, personal communication, September 2, 2011) confirming that results are accurate ...

Interview During an

interview conducted on October 11, 2011, Professor Peter Dawkins stated that …

OR

The Vice Chancellor's statement was confirmed during an interview (P. Dawkins, personal

communication, October 11, 2011).

This example is about referencing information from an interview that you have conducted. If you use published interviews conducted by other people cite them as a 'Sound Recording' or a 'Video Recording'. See the 'Multi-Media Materials' page in this guide for examples. See the 'Archival Materials' section below for examples of citing interviews held in an Archive or Respository.

Letter In a letter dated October 17, 2011, Ben Cork stated that ...

OR

Ben Cork expressed sincere regret in his letter (personal communication, October 17, 2011) ...

Telephone call During a phone interview conducted on October 11, 2011, Professor Sally Richards stated that ... OR

The Vice Chancellor's statement was confirmed during a phone interview (S. Richards, personal communication, October 11, 2011).

Letter from a government or institutional Archive or Repostitory (Frank, 1935) OR As Frank (1935) says ...

Frank, L. K. (1935, February 4). [Letter to Robert M. Ogden]. Rockefeller Archive Centre (GEB series 1.3, Box 371, Folder 3877), Tarrytown, NY.

Letter from an accessible private collection

(Zacharius, 1953) Zacharius, G. P. (1953, August 15). [Letter to William Rickel (W. Rickel, Trans.)]. Copy in possession of Hendrika Vande Kemp.

Collection of

letters from an (Allport, G. W., 1930-1967,Allport to E. G. Wilstein,

Allport, G. W. (1930-1967). Correspondence. Gordon W. Allport Papers (HUG 4118.10). Harvard University Archives, Cambridge, MA.

(9)

Archive or Repository March 20, 1939) (Allport, G. W., 1930-1967, E. G. Wilstein to Allport, December 26, 1937) Unpublished papers, notes or lectures from an Archive, Repository or personal collection (Berliner, 1959) ... OR As discussed in Berliner (1959) ...

Berliner, A. (1959). Notes for a lecture on reminiscences of Wundt and Leipzig. Anna Berliner Memoirs (Box M50). Archives of the History of American Psychology, University of Akron, Akron, OH.

Archival source for which the auhor or date is known but not stated on the document

(Allport, 1937) [Allport, A.?]. [ca. 1937]. Marion Taylor today - by the biographer. Unpublished manuscript, Marion Taylor Papers. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe College, Cambridge, MA.

Use square brackets [ ] to indicate information that does not appear on the

document. Use a question mark if there is uncertainty regarding names or dates, and use circa abbreviated to ca. to indicate estimated dates.

Archival Materials with a corporate author (Subcommittee on Mental Hygiene Personnel in School Programs, 1949)

Subcommittee on Mental Hygiene Personnel in School Programs. (1949, November 5-6).Meeting of Subcommittee on Mental Hygiene Personnel in School Programs. David Shakow Papers (M1360). Archives of the History of American Psychology, University of Akron, Akron, OH.

Interview recorded and available in an Archive or Repository

(Smith, 1989) Smith, M. B. (1989, August 12). Interview by C. A. Kiesler [Tape recording]. President's Oral History Project, American Psychological Association. APA Archives, Washington, DC.

Transcription of a recorded

interview, where the recording is not accessible

(Sparkman, 1973) Sparkman, C. F. (1973). An oral history with Dr. Colley F. Sparkman/Interviewer: Orley B. Caudill. Mississippi Oral History Program (Vol. 289), University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg. Do not include the U.S. state name in the location if it is part of the university name.

Newspaper article in an Archive, Repository or personal collection ("Psychoanalysis institute," 1948)

Use a shortened title (or full title if it is short) enclosed in double quotation marks.

Psychoanalysis institute to open in the new year. (1948, September 18). [Clipping from an unidentified Dayton, OH newspaper]. Copy in possession of the author.

Use the first word of the title to place this reference in the alphabetical sequence of your reference list.

Historical publication such as a brochure or pamphlet

(Sci-Art Publishers, 1935) Sci-Art Publishers. (1935). Sci-Art Publications [Brochure]. Cambridge, MA: Author. C. J. Roback_{Papers (HUGFP 104.50, Box 2, Folder "Miscellaneous Psychology Materials"). Harvard University} Archives, Cambridge, MA.

Photographs held in an Archive, Repository or personal collection

(Kroeber, 1911) Kroeber, A. L. (1911, September). Ishi, full face [Photograph]. Ethnographic Photographs of California Indian and Sonora Indian Subjects by Alfred L. Kroeber, 1901-1930 (4690, Container "Yahi," Catalogue 15-5402). Phoebe Hearst Museum of Anthropology, Berkeley, CA.

Multi-Media Materials

Video Recording (Russell, 1995)

Russell, G. (Writer, Co-Producer & Narrator), & Wiseman, P. (Co-Producer). (1995).Tackling bullies: An Australian perspective [Video recording]. Melbourne, VIC: Video Classroom.

Online or

Streaming Video (Zubrycki, 1991) Zubrycki, T. (Producer & Director), & Chi, J. (Writer). (1991). Bran nue dae: A musical journey [Video].Retrieved from http://www.kanopystreaming.com DVD (Moore, 2003) Moore, M. (Writer & Director). (2003). Bowling for Columbine. [DVD]. Melbourne, VIC: Umbrella Entertaiment.

(10)

Radio Show (Browning, 2006) Browning, D. (Presenter). (2006, June 9). Black soccer heroes. In J.-P. Ortolan (Producer), Message Stick [Radio programme]. Guest speaker Dr. John Maynard. Sydney, NSW: ABC Radio.

TV Show from a

series (Masters, 2006) Masters, C. (Presenter & Writer), & Johnson, P. (Director). (2006, March 27). Big fish, little fish [Television seriesepisode]. In T. G. Alford (Executive Producer), Four Corners. Sydney, NSW: ABC Television. Sound Recording

(Bolton, 1975) (St. Laurance Chamber Choir, 2005)

Bolton, G. C. (Speaker). (1975). Towards an Australian environmental history [Cassette recording]. Perth, WA: Media Services, Murdoch University.

St. Laurance Chamber Choir (Performers), & McEwan, N. (Director). (2005).Commemoration, ritual and performance: the Iberian connection: medieval and renaissance music from the St Laurence Chamber Choir [CD]. Sydney, NSW: Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Sydney.

Music Track from

an Album (Yunupingu, 2011) Yunupingu, G. G. (Performer). (2011). Gopuru. On Rrakala [CD]. Winnellie, NT: Skinnyfish. Microform (French, 1986) French, L. A. (1986). Cognitive consequences of education: transfer of training in the elderly (Doctoral

dissertation, University of Illinois) [Microform]. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International.

Image: for example a painting or photograph (Duveneck, 1872) (Duveneck, 1872) (Caire, 1880)

Duveneck, F. (Artist). (1872). Whistling boy [Painting]. Cincinnati, OH: Cincinnati Art Museum. Duveneck, F. (Artist). (1872). Whistling boy [Image of painting]. Cincinnati, OH: Cincinnati Art Museum. Retrieved

from http://www.artstor.org

Caire, N. J. (Photographer). (1880). Western entrance to Melbourne International Exhibition [Glass slide]. (Accession no. H3860). Melbourne, VIC: State Library of Victoria.

Map (Lewis County Geographic

Inormation Services, 2002)

Lewis County Geographic Information Services (Cartogrpaher). (2002). Population density, 2000 U.S. Census [Demographic map]. Retrieved from

http://www.co.lewis.wa.us/publicworks/maps/Demographics/census-pop-dens_2000.pdf Company Information

Company Annual Report: Print

(Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, 2001)

Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation. (2001). Annual report 2001. Tokyo, Japan: Author. If a report has an identifying number, include it in brackets, as follows:

Productivity Commission. (2002). Review of automotive assistance (Inquiry Report No. 25). Canberra, ACT: Author.

Company Annual Report: Online

(BHP Billiton, 2011) BHP Billiton. (2011). BHP Billiton Exploration and Development Report for the year ended 30 June 2011. Retrieved from http://www.bhpbilliton.com/home/investors/reports/Pages/default.aspx Financial Data (Datastream, 2011) Datastream. (2011). S&PASX200 daily index data 2009-2010. Retrieved from Datastream. Patents and Standards

Patent (U.S. Patent No. 6,606,963,₂₀₀₃₎

Wynne, B. M. (2003). U.S. Patent No. 6,606,963. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The title of the patent is not included.

Patent: Retrieved

from a Database (Prayag & Ramjee, 2009) (European Patent No. EP 2178546 (A1), 2010) Standard:

Retrieved from a

Database (Standards Australia, 2008)

Standards Australia. (2008). Personal flotation devices - General requirements (AS 4758.1-2008). Retrieved from Australian Standards Online.

Standard: Print (Standards Australia, 1994)

Standards Australia. (1994). Information processing - text and office systems - office document architecture (ODA) and interchange format: part 10: formal specifications (AS 3951.10:1994). Homebush, NSW: Author.