Aspen HYSYS
Unit Operations
Version Number: V10
June 2017
Copyright (c) 1981-2017 by Aspen Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
Aspen Plus®, Aspen Air Cooled Exchanger™, AirCooled™, Aspen Rate-Based Distillation™, Aspen Custom Modeler®, Aspen HTFS Research Network™, Aspen HYSYS®, Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining®, Aspen Process Economic Ana-lyzer, Aspen In-Plant Cost Estimator, Aspen Capital Cost Estimator, Aspen OnLine®, Aspen PIMS™, Aspen Plus Optim-izer™, Aspen Process Manual™, Aspen Properties®, Aspen Shell & Tube Exchanger™, Shell&Tube™, SLM™, and the Aspen leaf logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Aspen Technology, Inc., Burlington, MA.
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Aspen Technology, Inc. 20 Crosby Drive Bedford, MA 01730 USA Phone: (1) (781) 221-6400 Toll Free: (1) (888) 996-7100 URL: http://www.aspentech.com
Contents
Contents iii
1 Unit Operations Overview 1
About this Guide 1
Integrated Steady State and Dynamics Simulation 2
Multi-Flowsheet Architecture 2
Extensibility and Customization 3
Model Categories 3
Degrees of Freedom 4
Adding Unit Operations 5
Basic Unit Operation Property View 11
Object Inspect Menu 12
Logical Connections For... Property View 12
2 Unit Operation Common Property Views 15
Graph Control Property View 15
Heat Exchanger Page 16
Duty Radio Button Options 16
Heater Type Group 16
Duty Source/Source Group 17
Tube Bundle Radio Button 18
Holdup Page 21
Holdup Property View 22
Nozzles Page 22
Notes Pages or Tabs 23
Notes Manager 23
Holdup Model 24
Assumptions of Holdup Model 24
Accumulation 25
Non-Equilibrium Flash 25
Heat Loss Model 28
Chemical Reactions 31
Related Calculations 31
Advanced Holdup Properties 32
Stripchart Page 34
Adding a Strip Chart from a Unit Operation 34
Using the Data Logger Property View 35
Controls in the Displayed Strip Chart 35
User Variables Page 37
Adding a User Variable 38
Variable Navigator (Multi-Select) 39
Variable Navigator (Single-Select) 40
Select Type Dialog Box 41
Using the Select Type Dialog Box 42
Changing the Fluid Package for Multiple Unit Operations 42
Worksheet Tab 42
Stream Conditions 43
Stream Properties 43
Stream Compositions 43
PF Specs 43
3 Column Input Experts 45
Column Reboiler Pre-configurations 45
Reboiler Once-Through 46
Reboiler Circulation Without Baffle 47
Reboiler Circulation With Baffle 48
Reboiler Circulation with Auxiliary Baffle 48
Absorber 50
Distillation Column 52
Liquid-Liquid Extractor 55
Reboiled Absorber 57
Refluxed Absorber 59
Three Phase Distillation 62
4 Side Operations Input Expert 65
Reboiled Side Stripper 66
Steam Stripped Side Stripper 68
Side Rectifier 70
Pump-Around 72
Vapor Bypass 74
5 Column Operations 77
Using Column Subflowsheets 77
Isolation of the Column Solver 78
Independent Fluid Package 78
Ability to Construct Custom Column Configurations 79
Use of Simultaneous Solution Algorithm 79
Dynamic Mode 79
Column Property View 80
Main Flowsheet and Column Subflowsheet Relationship 81
Main Flowsheet / Subflowsheet Concept 81
HYSYS Column Theory 82
Basic Column Parameters 88
Pressure Flow 89
Condensers and Reboilers 93
Column Installation 95
Input Experts 96
Templates 97
Column Specification Types 103
Cold Property Specifications 103
Component Flow Rate 103
Component Fractions 104 Component Ratio 104 Component Recovery 105 Cut Point 105 Draw Rate 106 Delta T (Heater/Cooler) 106 Delta T (Streams) 106 Duty 107 Duty Ratio 107 Feed Ratio 107
Gap Cut Point 108
Liquid Flow 109
Physical Property Specifications 109
Pump Around Specifications 109
Reboil Ratio 110
Recovery 110
Reflux Feed Ratio 111
Reflux Fraction Ratio 111
Reflux Ratio 111
Stream Property 112
Tee Split Fraction 113
Tray Temperature 113
Transport Property Specifications 114
User Property 114
Vapor Flow 114
Vapor Fraction 115
Vapor Pressure Specifications 115
Column Stream Specifications 115
Column-Specific Operations 116
Condenser Unit Operation 117
Reboiler Unit Operation 130
Column Tower 139
Tee 151
Running the Column 152
Run 152
Reset 153
Column Troubleshooting 154
Heat and Spec Errors Fail to Converge 154
Equilibrium Error Fails to Converge 157
References 158
6 Column Property View 159
Column Runner 159
Column Convergence Sequence 160
Design Tab 160
Connections Page (Main Flowsheet) 160
Tower Details Property View 162
Connections Page (Column Runner) 163
Monitor Page 163
Specs Page 167
Specification Property View 168
Advanced Solving Options 169
Specs Summary Page 172
Subcooling Page 172 Notes Page 172 Parameters Tab 172 Profiles Page 173 Estimates Page 174 Efficiencies Page 175 Solver Page 178
Col Dynamic Estimates Property View 186
2/3 Phase Page 188
Fluid Pkgs Page 190
Amines Page 190
Side Ops Tab 192
Side Strippers Page 193
Side Rectifiers Page 194
Pump Arounds Page 194
Vap Bypasses Page 194
Side Draws Page 195
Internals Tab 195
Rating Tab 196
Towers Page 197
Vessels Page 198
Equipment Page 198
Pressure Drop Page 198
Worksheet Tab 199
Performance Tab 199
Summary Page 200
Column Profiles Page 200
Feeds/Products Page 200
Plots Page 201
Properties View for Plots and Tables 215
Data Control Property View 216
Condenser/Reboiler Page 218
Flowsheet Tab 218
Setup Page 218
Internal Streams Page 221
Mapping Page 222
Lock Page 222
Reactions Tab 222
Stages Page 224
Column Reaction Property View 224
Results Page 226 Dynamics Tab 227 Vessels Page 228 Equipment Page 228 Holdup Page 228 Perturb Tab 228
Column Internals Tab 229
Adding a New Internals Option 230
Creating Column Sections 230
Duplicating Column Sections 233
Using Auto Sectioning 234
Selecting an Active Option 234
Adding a New Geometry Option 234
Updating Pressure Drops 234
Calculating the Pressure Drop Across a Sump 235
Including Static Vapor Head Correction 235
Viewing Internals Summary Results 236
Initializing from the Rating Tab 236
Sending to the Rating Tab 236
Importing and Exporting Column Section Templates 237
Viewing Internals Results 238
7 Column Analysis Overview 241
Column Analysis Workflow 241
Column Internals Manager 242
Column Design Ribbon 243
Column Analysis Flowsheet Icons 243
Removing Column Analysis Flowsheet Icons 246
Creating a Column Internals Configuration 246
Creating Column Sections 247
Duplicating Column Sections 250
Using Auto Sectioning 251
Updating Pressure Drops 252
Calculating the Pressure Drop Across a Sump 252
Including Static Vapor Head Correction 253
Viewing Internals Summary Results 253
Initializing from the Rating Tab 253
Sending to the Rating Tab 254
Importing Column Section Templates 254
Exporting Column Section Templates 255
Geometry Details 255
Tray Geometry Workflow 255
Specifying Tray Geometry 256
Specifying Picket Fence Weirs or Swept Back Weirs 281
Viewing the Tray Geometry Summary 284
Specifying Tray Geometry Design Parameters 284
Viewing Tray Summary Results 288
Viewing Tray Geometry Results By Tray 290
Specifying Packing Geometry 293
Specifying Packing Geometry Design Parameters 294
Specifying Packing Constants 297
Viewing Packing Summary Results 298
Viewing Packing Results By Stage 298
Geometry Messages 300
Hydraulic Plots 300
Accessing Hydraulic Plots 300
Trayed Hydraulic Plots 301
Packing Hydraulic Plots 304
Hydraulic Plots Ribbon Tab 306
Importing Column Analysis Variables into a Spreadsheet 308
Exporting Column Results to Vendor Packages 308
Using Column Analysis Report Builder 310
Methods Used in Column Analysis 312
Swept-Back Weir Calculations 312
Chan and Prince Dump Point Correlation 312
Liquid Entrainment Correlations 313
Discharge Coefficient 315
Downcomer Relative Froth Density 316
Tray and Downcomer Area Calculations 318
Downcomer Backup Calculations 325
Maximum Capacity Calculations for Packing 326
Liquid Holdup Calculations for Packing 328
Foaming Calculations 328
Packing Types and Packing Factors 331
Downcomer Choke Flooding 331
Flooding Calculations for Trays 332
Kister & Haas Jet Flood Correlation 333
Fair and Fair72 Jet Flood Correlations 334
Smith, Dresser, and Ohlswager Jet Flood Correlation 336
Pressure Drop Calculations for Packing in Column Analysis 337 Sherwood/Leva/Eckert GPDC Pressure Drop Correlation for Packing 338
Aspen GPDC85 Pressure Drop Correlation for Packing 341
Wallis Pressure Drop Correlation for Packing 343
Billet-99 Correlation for Packing 347
Pressure Drop Calculations for Trays 348
8 Electrolyte Operations 351
Introduction 351
9 Crystallizer Operation 353 Theory 353 Boundary Condition 354 Equations 354 Design Tab 354 Connections Page 355 Parameters Page 355 Solver Page 356
User Variables Page 356
Notes Page 356 Rating Tab 357 Worksheet Tab 357 Dynamics Tab 357 10 Neutralizer Operation 359 Theory 359 Boundary Condition 360 Solving Options 360 Equations 360 Design Tab 361 Connections Page 361 Parameters Page 361 Solver Page 362 Rating Tab 362 Dynamic Tab 363 11 Precipitator Operation 365 Theory 365 Boundary Condition 366 Solving Options 366 Equations 366 Design Tab 367 Connections Page 367 Parameters Page 367 Solver Page 368
User Variables Page 368
Notes Page 368
Rating Tab 369
Worksheet Tab 369
Dynamic Tab 369
12 Heat Transfer Operations 371
13 Air Cooler 373
Theory 373
Steady State 373
Rigorous Air Cooler Functionality 374
Heat Transfer 374
Dynamic Specifications 375
Pressure Drop 375
Air Cooler Property View 376
Design Tab 376
Connections Page 377
Parameters Page 377
Specs Page 378
User Variables Page 378
Notes Page 378
Rating Tab 378
Sizing Page (Simple Design) 378
Sizing Page Rigorous Air Cooler 379
Nozzles Page 380
Worksheet Tab 380
Performance Tab 380
Performance Results Page 380
Performance Profiles Page 381
Performance Plots Page 381
Performance Tables Page 381
Performance Setup Page 382
Dynamics Tab 382
Model Page 382
Specs Page 383
Holdup Page 384
Stripchart Page 385
Rigorous Air Cooler Tab 385
Simulation Calculation Options 385
Exchanger Page 386
Process Data Page 386
Property Range Page 387
Results Summary Page 388
Setting Plan Page 389
Tube Layout Page 389
Profiles Page 389
14 Cooler/Heater 391
Theory 391
Steady State Operation 391
Dynamic Operation 391
Pressure Drop 392
Dynamic Specifications 392
Heater or Cooler Property View 393
Design Tab 393
Connections Page 393
Parameters Page 393
User Variables Page 394
Notes Page 394
Nozzles Page 394
Heat Loss Page 394
Worksheet Tab 395 Performance Tab 395 Profiles Page 396 Plots Page 396 Tables Page 396 Setup Page 397 Dynamics Tab 397 Specs Page 398
Duty Fluid Page 400
Holdup Page 401
Stripchart Page 401
15 Fired Heater (Furnace) 403
Fired Heater Steady State Operation 404
Fired Heater Dynamic Operation 405
Switching Modes 405
Fired Heater Theory 405
Combustion Reaction 405
Heat Transfer 406
Radiant Heat Transfer 409
Convective Heat Transfer 409
Conductive Heat Transfer 410
Pressure Drop 410
Minimum Specifications 411
Fired Heater Property View 411
Design Tab 411
Connections Page 412
Parameters Page 412
User Variables Page 413
Notes Page 413
Rating Tab 413
Sizing Page 413
Nozzles Page 417
Heat Loss Page 417
Worksheet Tab 417
Performance Tab 417
Performance Details Page 417
Performance Plots Page 417
Performance Tables Page 418
Performance Setup Page 418
Dynamics Tab 418
Tube Side PF Page 418
Flue Gas PF Page 419
Holdup Page 420
EDR Fired Heater Tab 420
Summary Page 420
Fuel Page 421
Flue Gas Page 421
Tube Banks Page 421
Operation Page 421
Property Table Page 421
16 Heat Exchanger 423
Heat Exchanger Theory 424
Steady State 424
Dynamic 425
Pressure Drop 425
Dynamic Specifications 426
Heat Exchanger Property View 426
Design Tab 427
Connections Page 427
Parameters Page 427
Specs Page 432
Specification Property View 433
User Variables Page 436
Notes Page 436
Worksheet Tab 437
Heat Exchanger Rating Tab 437
Sizing Page 437
Parameters Page 441
Detailed Heat Model Properties Property View 445
Nozzles Page 448
Heat Loss Page 448
Performance Tab 448 Details Page 449 Plots Page 451 Tables Page 451 Setup Page 451 Error Msg Page 452 Dynamics Tab 452 Model Page 452 Specs Page 455 Holdup Page 458 Stripchart Page 459
Rigorous Shell&Tube Tab 459
Specifying Application Information for Rigorous Shell&Tube 460 Specifying Exchanger Information for Rigorous Shell&Tube 462 Specifying Process Information for Rigorous Shell&Tube 468
Specifying Property Ranges for Rigorous Shell&Tube 469
Viewing Results Summary for Rigorous Shell&Tube 470
Viewing a Setting Plan for Rigorous Shell&Tube 470
Viewing Tube Layout Information for Rigorous Shell&Tube 471
Viewing Rigorous Shell&Tube Profiles Information 472
17 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Exchanger 475
Theory 476
Heat Transfer 476
Pressure Drop 477
Convective (U) & Overall (UA) Heat Transfer Coefficients 477
Dynamic Specifications 478 LNG Property View 479 Design Tab 479 Connections Page 479 Parameters Page 479 Specs Page 481
Specification Property Views 482
User Variables Page 484
Notes Page 484
Rating Tab 484
Sizing (dynamics) Page 485
Layers (dynamic) Page 486
Heat Transfer (dynamics) Page 487
Worksheet Tab 489 Performance Tab 489 Results Page 489 Plots Page 491 Tables Page 491 Setup Page 492 Summary Page 492 Layers Page 493 Dynamics Tab 493 Model Page 493 Specs Page 495 Holdup Page 496 Estimates Page 497 Stripchart Page 497
About the LNG Wound Coil Heat Exchanger 497
Wound Coil Heat Exchanger (WCHE) Reference Page 498
Wound Coil Heat Exchanger - Plate Fin Equivalents Reference 500
LNG EDR PlateFin Overview 507
EDR PlateFin Tab 508
Exchanger Design Ribbon Options 508
EDR PlateFin Process Page 509
EDR PlateFin Property Ranges Page 511
EDR PlateFin Results Summary Page 512
EDR PlateFin Results Geometry 513
LNG EDR CoilWound Overview 515
EDR CoilWound Tab 516
Exchanger Design Ribbon Options 516
Specifying LNG EDR CoilWound Process Information 517
Specifying LNG EDR CoilWound Property Ranges 519
Viewing LNG EDR CoilWound Results Summary 520
Modifying LNG EDR CoilWound Convergence Parameters 523
References 524
18 Plate Exchanger 525
Theory 525
Heat Transfer 525
Plate Exchanger Design Tab 526
Specifying Plate Exchanger Connections 526
Specifying Plate Exchanger Parameters 526
Plate Exchanger Specifications 527
Rigorous Plate Overview 527
EDR Rigorous Plate Tab 528
Exchanger Design Ribbon Options 528
Specifying Rigorous Plate Process Information 529
Specifying Rigorous Plate Property Ranges 530
Viewing Rigorous Plate Results Summary 531
Viewing Rigorous Plate Setting Plan 532
Viewing Rigorous Plate Profiles 532
19 Logical Operations 533
Common Options 533
ATV Tuning Technique 533
Controller Face Plate 534
20 Adjust Operation 537 Connections Tab 537 Connections Page 538 Notes Page 538 Parameters Tab 539 Parameters Page 539
Simultaneous Adjust Manager 540
Options Page 542
Monitor Tab 543
Tables Page 543
Plots Page 543
User Variables Tab 543
Starting the Adjust 544
Individual Adjust 544
Multiple Adjust 545
21 Balance 547
Balance Property View 548
Connections Page 548
Parameters Tab 548
Worksheet Tab 552
Stripchart Tab 552
22 Boolean Operations 553
Boolean Logic Blocks Property View 554
Logical Operation Face Plate Property View 554
Boolean Connections Tab 555
Adding/Editing Process Variable (PV) Source 555
Adding/Editing Output Target 555
Boolean Monitor Tab 556
Not Gate 556
Xor Gate 556
On Delay Gate 557
Off Delay Gate 557
Latch Gate 558
Counter Up Gate 559
Counter Down Gate 559
Boolean And Gate 560
Specifying Boolean And Gate Connections 560
Monitoring Boolean And Gate Input and Output Values 561
Boolean Or Gate 561
Specifying Boolean Or Gate Connections 562
Monitoring Boolean Or Gate Input and Output Values 562
Cause and Effect Matrix 563
Configuring a Cause and Effect Matrix 564
Connecting the Inputs 565
Connecting the Outputs 567
Changing the Order of the Inputs or Outputs 568
Viewing the Inputs and Outputs Specifications 568
Viewing Status Messages 569
Viewing Trace Messages 570
23 Control Ops 571
24 Split Range Controller 573
Connections Tab 574 Parameters Tab 574 Operation Page 575 Configuration Page 576 Advanced Page 577 Autotuning Page 581
IMC Design Page 582
Scheduling Page 583
Alarms Page 583
Signal Processing Page 584
Initialization Page 585
Split Range Setup Tab 585
Stripchart Tab 586
25 Ratio Controller 587 Connections Tab 588 Parameters Tab 588 Configuration Page 589 Range Page 591 Advanced Page 592 Autotuning Page 595
IMC Design Page 596
Scheduling Page 597
Alarms Page 597
Signal Processing Page 598
Initialization Page 599
Stripchart Tab 599
User Variables Tab 600
26 PID Controller 601
Connections Tab 602
Process Variable Source 602
Remote Setpoint Source 602
Output Target Object 603
Parameters Tab 603
Configuration Page 603
Advanced Page 608
Autotuner Page 611
IMC Design Page 614
Scheduling Page 614
Alarms Page 615
PV Conditioning Page 616
Signal Processing Page 618
FeedForward Page 619
Model Testing Page 619
Initialization Page 620
Monitor Tab 620
Stripchart Tab 621
User Variables Tab 621
Algorithm References 621
HYSYS PID Controller Algorithms 621
Foxboro PID Controller Algorithms 623
Discrete Time Domain Implementation of the Foxboro Algorithms 624
Honeywell PID Controller Algorithms 626
Discrete Time Domain Implementation of the Honeywell Algorithms 627
Yokogawa PID Controller Algorithms 629
27 MPC Controller 631
Connections Tab 632
Process Variable Source 632
Remote Setpoint 632
Parameters Tab 633
Operation Page 633
Configuration Page 634
Advanced Page 635
Alarms Page 637
Signal Processing Page 639
MPC Setup Tab 639
Basic Page 640
Advanced Page 641
Process Models Tab 643
Basic Page 643
Advanced Page 644
Stripchart Tab 644
User Variables Tab 644
28 DMCplus Controller 645
Connections Tab 647
Controlled Variable (CV) 647
Manipulated Variable (MV) 647
Feed Forward (FF) 648
Model Test Tab 648
Performing DMCplus Model Testing 650
Operation Tab 652
Operation Page 652
FF Variable Page 653
Stripchart Tab 654
User Variables Tab 654
Control Valve Window 654
Control OP Port 656 29 Digital Point 657 Connections Tab 657 Parameters Tab 658 Off Mode 658 Manual Mode 658 Auto Mode 659 Stripchart Tab 661
User Variables Tab 662
Alarm Levels Tab 662
30 External Data Linker 663
Connections Page 663
Configuration Page 663
Properties Page 664
Revision History Tab 664
31 Recycle 665
Connections Tab 666 Connections Page 666 Notes Page 666 Parameters Tab 666 Variables Page 667 Numerical Page 668 Convergence Page 672 Worksheet Tab 672 Monitor Tab 672
User Variables Tab 673
Calculations 673
Reducing Convergence Time 673
Recycle Advisor 674
Using the Recycle Advisor 674
Recycle Setup Tab 675
32 Selector Block 677
Connections Tab 677
Parameters Tab 678
Selection Mode Page 678
Scaling Factors Page 680
Monitor Tab 680
Stripchart Tab 681
User Variables Tab 681
33 Set 683
Set Property View 683
Connections Tab 683
Parameters Tab 684
User Variables Tab 684
34 Spreadsheet 685
Spreadsheet Functions 686
General Math Functions 686
Calculation Hierarchy 687 Logarithmic Functions 688 Trigonometric Functions 688 Logical Operators 689 IF/THEN/ELSE Statements 689 Spreadsheet Interface 690
Importing and Exporting Variables by drag and drop 690
Enumeration in Spreadsheet 690
Importing Variables by Browsing 691
Exporting Formula Results 691
View Associated Object 692
Spreadsheet Tabs 692
Connections Tab 692
Formulas Tab 695
Spreadsheet Tab 695
Calculation Order Tab 696
User Variables Tab 696
Function Help and Spreadsheet Only Buttons 696
35 Stream Cutter 699
Stream Cutter Property View 699
Changing the Fluid Package 699
Changing the Fluid Package in the Unit Operation Property View 700
Changing the Fluid Package Using the Object Inspect Menu 703
Changing the Fluid Package from the Fluid Package Manager 704
Design Tab 704
Connections Page 704
Specifying Stream Cutter Transition Information 705
Fluid Package Transitions 706
True to Apparent Transition 708
36 Black Oil Translator 709
Connections Tab 709
Transitions Tab 709
Simple Method 710
Three Phase Method 711
Infochem Multiflash 711
Transition Types 712
37 Transfer Function 713
Transfer Function Property View 714
Connections Tab 714 Parameters Tab 714 Configuration Page 715 Integrator Page 716 Delay Page 716 Lag Page 717 Lead Page 718 2nd Order Page 719 Ramp Page 720
Rate Limiter Page 721
Stripchart Tab 721
User Variables Tab 721
38 Piping Operations 723
Piping References 723
39 Compressible Gas Pipe 725
Model for a Single Phase Compressible Flow 725
Algorithm 726
Compressible Gas Pipe Property View 726
Design Tab 726
Connections Page 727
Parameters Page 727
User Variables Page 727
Notes Page 727
Rating Tab 728
Sizing Page 728
Heat Transfer Page 729
Worksheet Tab 729 Performance Tab 729 Profiles Page 729 Properties Tab 730 Dynamics Tab 730 Specs Page 731 Stripchart Page 731 40 Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone 733 Theory 733
Oil Droplet Distribution 734
Hydrocyclone Liner Dimensions 734
Hydrocyclone Hydraulics 735
Oil Droplet Migration Probability 737
Hydrocyclone Separation Efficiency 738
Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone Property View 738
Design Tab 739
Connections Page 739
Parameters Page 739
Liner Details Page 741
Droplet Distribution Page 742
User Variables Page 743
Notes Page 743 Performance Tab 743 General Page 743 Geometric Page 743 Overflow Page 743 Underflow Page 744 Tables Page 744 Plots Page 744 Worksheet Tab 744 Dynamics Tab 744 Nomenclature 744 41 Mixer 747
Mixer Property View 748
Design Tab 748
Parameters Page 748
User Variables Page 749
Notes Page 749 Rating Tab 749 Nozzles Page 749 Worksheet Tab 749 Dynamics Tab 749 Specs Page 750 Holdup Page 750 Stripchart Page 751 42 Pipe Segment 753 Calculation Modes 753
Pressure Drop Mode 754
Length Mode 755
Diameter Mode 756
Flow Mode 756
Incremental Material and Energy Balances Mode 757
Pipe Segment Property View 758
Design Tab 758
Connections Page 758
Parameters Page 759
Summary of Methods 760
Emulsions Page 787
User Variables Page 787
Notes Page 787
Pipe Segment Rating Tab 787
Sizing Page 788
Pipe Fittings Property View 798
Dynamics Tab 801
Parameters Page 801
Holdup Page 802
Stripchart Page 802
Rating Tab 803
Heat Transfer Page 803
Pipe Segment Heat Model Page 809
Pipe Segment Performance Tab 816
Profiles Page 816
Pipe Profile View Property View 816
Insulation Page 818
Pipe Segment Performance Tab (Dynamics Mode) 819
Viewing Segments Performance Results 819
Viewing Holdups Performance Results 820
HYSYS Piping Flow Assurance 820
Pipe Flow Assurance - CO2 Corrosion 821
Pipe Flow Assurance - Erosion 823
Pipe Flow Assurance - Hydrates 823
Specifying P/T Options: Hydrate Formation Profile 824
Pipe Flow Assurance - Wax Deposition 828
Profes Wax Property View 831
References 838
CO2 Corrosion Rate Correlations Reference 838
Pipe Flow Correlations 843
Fitting Pressure Loss 844
Pipe Emulsion Viscosity Methods 846
43 Relief Valve 851
Design Tab 851
Connections Page 851
Parameters Page 852
User Variables Page 852
Notes Page 852 Rating Tab 852 Sizing Page 853 Nozzles Page 856 Worksheet Tab 856 Dynamics Tab 856 Specs Page 856 Holdup Page 857 Advanced Page 858 Stripchart Page 858 44 Tee 859
Tee Property View 859
Design Tab 859
Connections Page 859
Parameters Page 860
User Variables Page 861
Notes Page 861 Rating Tab 861 Nozzles Page 861 Dynamics Tab 861 Specs Page 861 Holdup Page 862 Stripchart Page 863 45 Valve Operation 865
Valve Property View 866
Design Tab 866
Connections Page 866
Parameters Page 866
User Variables Page 867
Notes Page 867
Rating Tab 867
Sizing Page 867
Control Valve Calculation Theory 874
Nozzles Page 890
Options Page 890
Flow Limits Page 890
Worksheet Tab 890 Dynamics Tab 891 Specs Page 891 Pipe Page 893 Holdup Page 894 Actuator Page 895
Flow Limits Page 897
Stripchart Page 899
46 Reactor Operations 901
47 Reactor Operations: CSTR and General Reactors 903
General Reactors Property Views 905
Design Tab 905
Connections Page 905
Parameters Page 906
Conversion Reactor Reactions Tab 908
Details Page 908
Results Page 909
CSTR Reactions Tab 911
Details Page 911
Results Page 912
Equilibrium Reactor Reactions Tab 913
Details Page 914
Results Page 915
Gibbs Reactor Reactions Tab 916
Overall Page 917
Details Page 917
Rating Tab 918
Sizing Page 918
Nozzles Page 921
Heat Loss Page 921
Worksheet Tab 921
Dynamics Tab 921
Specs Page 922
Holdup Page 923
Stripchart Page 924
Heat Exchanger Page 924
49 Yield Shift Reactor 925
Theory 925
Product Stream Mass Fractions 925
Yield Shift Reactor Property View 927
Design Tab 927
Parameters Page 928
Model Config Tab 928
Design Parameters Page 929
Design Variables Page 929
Heat of Reaction Page 930
Composition Shift Tab 930
Design Data Page 931
Design Data: Base Page 931
Design Data: Datasets Page 933
Base Yields Page 935
Base Shifts Page 936
Efficiencies Page 937
Results Page 937
Property Shift Tab 937
Properties Page 938
Design Data Page 939
Design Data: Base Page 939
Design Data: Datasets Page 939
Base Shifts Page 940
Efficiencies Page 940
Results Page 940
Worksheet Tab 941
Dynamics Tab 941
Specs Page 941
50 Plug Flow Reactor 943
Newton’s Method 943
Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) Property View 945
PFR Design Tab 945
Connections Page 946
Parameters Page 946
Heat Transfer Page 948
User Variables Page 950
Notes Page 951 Reactions Tab 951 Overall Page 951 Details Page 953 Results Page 954 Rating Tab 955 Sizing Page 955 Nozzles Page 956 Worksheet Tab 957 Performance Tab 957 Conditions Page 957 Flows Page 958
Reaction Rates Page 958
Transport Page 958
Compositions Page 959
Specs Page 959 Holdup Page 961 Duty Page 961 Stripchart Page 961 51 Rotating Equipment 963 References 963
52 Centrifugal Compressor or Expander Unit Operations 965
Typical Solution Methods 966
Compressor - Expander Theory 967
Steady State 967 Dynamics 968 Equations Used 969 Compressor Efficiencies 969 Expander Efficiencies 970 Compressor Heads 971 Expander Heads 971
Using Momentum Equations 972
References 973
Methods Used 973
Compressor Performance Curves: Off Design Corrections 973
Compressor Curve Interpolation Details 976
Huntington Method 977
Multiple IGV Curves 978
Multiple MW Curves 980
Quasi-Dimensionless and Non-Dimensional Curves 981
Schultz Method Reference 984
Compressor - Reference Method 985
Single Curve Compressor Options 985
Compressor or Expander Design Tab 986
Connections Page 986
Parameters Page 987
Surge Analysis 988
Links Page 988
User Variables Page 989
Notes Page 990
Compressor or Expander Rating Tab 990
Curves Page 990
Flow Limits Page 997
Nozzles Page 998
Inertia Page 999
Electric Motor Page 999
Compressor or Expander Performance Tab 1002
Results Page 1003
Power Page 1003
Compressor or Expander Dynamics Tab 1003
Surge Controller 1006
Holdup Page 1009
Stripchart Page 1009
53 Reciprocating Compressor Unit Operation 1011
Reciprocating Compressor Theory 1012
Rod Loading 1014
Maximum Pressure 1015
Flow 1015
Reciprocating Compressor Design Tab 1015
Connections Page 1016
Parameters Page 1016
Links Page 1016
Settings Page 1016
User Variables Page 1017
Notes Page 1017
Reciprocating Compressor Rating Tab 1018
Nozzles Page 1018
Inertia Page 1018
Reciprocating Compressor Performance Tab 1018
Results Page 1018
Power Page 1019
Reciprocating Compressor Dynamics Tab 1019
54 Screw Compressor 1021
Workflow 1021
Screw Compressor Theory 1021
Volumetric Efficiency and Leakage Flow Calculation 1022
Performance Curve Calculation 1023
References 1023
Screw Compressor: Design Tab 1024
Connections Page 1024
Parameters Page 1024
Links Page 1026
Settings Page 1027
Screw Compressor: Rating Tab 1029
Curves Page 1030
Nozzles Page 1032
Inertia Page 1032
Screw Compressor: Performance Tab 1032
Results Page 1032
Power Page 1033
Screw Compressor: Dynamics Tab 1034
Specs Page 1034
Holdup Page 1036
55 Pump Unit Operation 1037
Pump Theory 1037
Pump Design Tab 1038
Connections Page 1039
Parameters Page 1039
Curves Page 1039
Links Page 1041
User Variables Page 1042
Notes Page 1042
Pump Rating Tab 1042
Curves Page 1043
Curve Property View 1045
Curves Profiles Property View 1046
Generate Curve Options Property View 1047
NPSH Page 1048
Nozzles Page 1050
Inertia Page 1051
Electric Motor Page 1051
Design Page 1054
Pump Performance Tab 1054
Results Page 1055
Power Page 1055
Pump Dynamics Tab 1055
Specs Page 1055 Holdup Page 1058 Stripchart Page 1058 References 1058 56 Separation Operations 1059 References 1059 57 Component Splitter 1061 Theory 1061
Component Splitter Property View 1062
Design Tab 1062
Connections Page 1062
Parameters Page 1062
Splits Page 1063
TBP Cut Point Page 1064
User Variables Page 1065
Notes Page 1065 Rating Tab 1065 Nozzles Page 1066 Worksheet Tab 1066 Dynamics Tab 1066 Specs Page 1066
58 Separator, 3-Phase Separator, and Tank 1067
Theory 1068
Energy Balance 1069
Physical Parameters 1069
Separator Ops General Property Views 1071
Design Tab 1071
Connections Page 1071
Parameters Page 1071
User Variables Page 1072
Notes Page 1072 Reactions Tab 1072 Results Page 1072 Rating Tab 1073 Sizing Page 1073 Nozzles Page 1075
Heat Loss Page 1076
Level Taps Page 1082
Option Page 1084
C.Over Setup Page 1084
C. Over Results Page 1090
Worksheet Tab 1090
Dynamics Tab 1090
Specs Page 1091
Holdup Page 1093
Stripchart Page 1093
Heat Exchanger Page 1093
59 Shortcut Column 1095
Shortcut Column Property View 1095
Design Tab 1095 Connections Page 1095 Parameters Page 1096 Rating Tab 1096 Worksheet Tab 1096 Performance Tab 1096 Dynamics Tab 1097
60 Solid Separation Operations 1099
61 Baghouse Filter 1101 Design Tab 1101 Connections Page 1101 Parameters Page 1101 Notes Page 1102 Rating Tab 1102 Sizing Page 1102 Worksheet Tab 1102 Performance Tab 1102
Results Page 1103 Dynamics Tab 1103 62 Cyclone 1105 Design Tab 1105 Connections Page 1105 Parameters Page 1105 Solids Page 1106
User Variables Page 1107
Rating Tab 1107 Sizing Page 1107 Constraints Page 1108 Worksheet Tab 1108 Performance Tab 1108 Results Page 1108 Dynamics Tab 1109 63 Hydrocyclone 1111 Design Tab 1111 Connections Page 1111 Parameters Page 1111 Solids Page 1112
User Variables Page 1112
Notes Page 1112 Rating Tab 1112 Sizing Page 1112 Constraints Page 1113 Worksheet Tab 1113 Performance Tab 1113 Results Page 1114 Dynamics Tab 1114
64 Rotary Vacuum Filter 1115
Design Tab 1115
Connections Page 1115
Parameters Page 1115
User Variables Page 1116
Notes Page 1116 Rating Tab 1116 Sizing Page 1116 Cake Page 1116 Worksheet Tab 1117 Dynamics Tab 1117
65 Simple Solid Separator 1119
Design Tab 1119
Connections Page 1119
Splits Page 1119
User Variables Page 1120
Notes Page 1120
Rating Tab 1120
Worksheet Tab 1120
Dynamics Tab 1120
66 Material Streams 1121
The "Spec Stream As..." Property View 1122
Worksheet Tab 1122
Conditions Page 1123
Properties Page 1125
Composition Page 1130
Input Composition Property View 1131
Oil & Gas Feed Page 1132
Petroleum Assay Page 1134
K Value Page 1136
User Variables Page 1137
Notes Page 1137
Cost Parameters Page 1137
Normalized Yields Page 1137
Acid Gas Page 1138
PSD Properties Page 1138
Sulfur Recovery Page 1139
Attachments Tab 1139
Unit Ops Page 1140
Analysis Page 1140 Dynamics Tab 1141 Specs Page 1141 Stripchart Page 1142 67 Energy Streams 1143 Stream Tab 1143
Unit Ops Tab 1144
Dynamics Tab 1144
Stripchart Tab 1144
User Variables Tab 1144
68 Subflowsheet Operations 1145
Introduction 1145
Subflowsheet Property View 1146
Adding a Subflowsheet 1146
Connections Tab 1147
Parameters Tab 1148
Transfer Basis Tab 1148
Variables Tab 1151
Notes Tab 1151
1 Unit Operations Overview
About this Guide
The Aspen HYSYS Unit Operations Guide provides detailed information regard-ing:
l Common Property Views l Input Experts
l Column Operations l Columns
l Column Analysis l Electrolyte Operations l Heat Transfer Operations l Logical Operations
l Piping Operations l Reactor Operations l Rotating Equipment l Separation Operations l Solid Separation Operations l Streams
l Subflowsheet Operations
For information related to other aspects of HYSYS:
l For information regarding HYSYS Petroleum Refining operations, please
refer to the Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Unit Operations & Reactor Models Reference Guide or the HYSYS Help.
l For information on using Assay Management in HYSYS, please refer to
the Assay Management in Aspen HYSYS Petroleum Refining Reference Guide or the HYSYS Help.
l For information regarding the Properties Environment, HYSYS Upstream
operations, Sulsim (Sulfur Recovery) operations, Acid Gas Cleaning, Sim-ulation and Analysis Tools, Safety Analysis, BLOWDOWN Technology,
HYSYS Dynamics, and HYSYS Equation Oriented (EO) Solving, please refer to the HYSYS Help.
Integrated Steady State and
Dynamics Simulation
HYSYS uses an integrated steady state and dynamic modeling capability in which the same model can be evaluated from either perspective with full shar-ing of process information.
The components that comprise HYSYS provide a powerful approach to steady state process modeling. The comprehensive selection of operations and prop-erty methods lets you model a wide range of processes with confidence. Per-haps even more important is how the HYSYS approach to modeling maximizes your return on simulation time through increased process understanding. The key to this is the Event Driven operation. By using a ‘degrees of freedom’ approach, calculations in HYSYS are performed automatically. HYSYS performs calculations as soon as unit operations and property packages have enough required information.
Any results, including passing partial information when a complete calculation cannot be performed, is propagated bi-directionally throughout the flowsheet. What this means is that you can start your simulation in any location using the available information to its greatest advantage. Since results are available immediately - as calculations are performed - you gain the greatest under-standing of each individual aspect of your process.
Multi-Flowsheet Architecture
The multi-flowsheet architecture of HYSYS is vital to this overall modeling approach. Although HYSYS is designed to allow the use of multiple property packages and the creation of pre-built templates, the greatest advantage of using multiple flowsheets is that they provide an extremely effective way to organize large processes. By breaking flowsheets into smaller components, you can easily isolate any aspect for detailed analysis. Each of these sub-processes is part of the overall simulation, automatically calculating like any other oper-ation.
The design of the HYSYS interface is consistent, if not integral, with this approach to modeling. Access to information is the most important aspect of successful modeling, with accuracy and capabilities accepted as fundamental requirements. Not only can you access whatever information you need when you need it, but the same information can be displayed simultaneously in a vari-ety of locations. Just as there is no standardized way to build a model, there is no unique way to look at results. HYSYS uses a variety of methods to display
process information - individual property views, the PFD, Workbook, graphical Performance Profiles, and Tabular Summaries. Not only are all of these display types simultaneously available, but through the object-oriented design, every piece of displayed information is automatically updated whenever conditions change.
Extensibility and Customization
The inherent flexibility of HYSYS allows for the use of third party design options and custom-built unit operations. These can be linked to HYSYS through OLE Extensibility.
This section covers the various unit operations, template and column sub-flowsheet models, optimization, and dynamics. Since HYSYS is an integrated steady state and dynamic modeling package, the steady state and dynamic modeling capabilities of each unit operation are described successively, illus-trating how the information is shared between the two approaches. In addition to the physical operations there is a chapter for logical operations, which do not physically perform heat and material balance calculations, but that impart logical relationships between the elements that make up your process.
Model Categories
The following is a brief definition of categories used in this volume:
Term Definition
Physical Oper-ations
Governed by thermodynamics and mass/energy balances, as well as operation-specific relations.
Logical Oper-ations
The Logical Operations presented in this volume are primarily used in Steady State mode to establish numerical relationships between vari-ables. Examples include the Adjust and Recycle. There are, however, several operations such as the Spreadsheet and Set operation which can be used in Steady State and Dynamic mode.
Subflowsheets You can define processes in a subflowsheet, which can then be inser-ted as a “unit operation” into any other flowsheet. You have full access to the operations normally available in the main flowsheet. Columns Unlike the other unit operations, the HYSYS Column is contained
within a separate subflowsheet, which appears as a single operation in the main flowsheet.
Integrated into the steady state modeling is multi-variable optimization. Once you have reached a converged solution, you can construct virtually any object-ive function with the Optimizer. There are fobject-ive available solution algorithms for both unconstrained and constrained optimization problems, with an automatic
backup mechanism when the flowsheet moves into a region of non-con-vergence.
HYSYS offers an assortment of analysis tools which can be attached to process streams and unit operations. These tools interact with the process model and provide additional information.
In this guide, each operation is explained in its respective chapters for steady state and dynamic modeling. A separate guide has been devoted to the prin-ciples behind dynamic modeling. HYSYS is the first simulation package to offer dynamic flowsheet modeling backed up by rigorous property package cal-culations.
Note: The HYSYS Dynamics license is required to use the features in the HYSYS dynamics
mode.
HYSYS has a number of unit operations, which can be used to assemble flow-sheets. By connecting the proper unit operations and streams, you can model a wide variety of oil, gas, petrochemical, and chemical processes.
Included in the available operations are those which are governed by ther-modynamics and mass/energy balances, such as Heat Exchangers, Separators, and Compressors, and the logical operations like the Adjust, Set, and Recycle. A number of operations are also included specifically for dynamic modeling, such as the Controller, Transfer Function Block, and Selector. The Spreadsheet is a powerful tool, which provides a link to nearly any flowsheet variable, allow-ing you to model “special” effects not otherwise available in HYSYS.
Degrees of Freedom
In modeling operations, HYSYS uses a Degrees of Freedom approach, which increases the flexibility with which solutions are obtained. For most operations, you are not constrained to provide information in a specific order, or even to provide a specific set of information. As you provide information to the oper-ation, HYSYS calculates any unknowns that can be determined based on what you have entered.
For example, consider the Pump operation. If you provide a fully-defined inlet stream to the pump, HYSYS immediately passes the composition and flow to the outlet. If you then provide a percent efficiency and pressure rise, the outlet and energy streams is fully defined. If, on the other hand, the flowrate of the inlet stream is undefined, HYSYS cannot calculate any outlet conditions until you provide three parameters, such as the efficiency, pressure rise, and work. In the case of the Pump operation, there are three degrees of freedom, thus, three parameters are required to fully define the outlet stream.
All information concerning a unit operation can be found on the tabs and pages of its property view. Each tab in the property view contains pages which pertain to the unit operation, such as its stream connections, physical parameters (for example, pressure drop and energy input), or dynamic parameters such as ves-sel rating and valve information.
Adding Unit Operations
You can use the Model Palette to add HYSYS unit operations, streams, and sub-flowsheets to the main flowsheet or a sub-flowsheet. Operations can also be installed and set up from the Workbook, which is a spreadsheet style view of the simulation environment.
Note: The standard Model Palette is available for the main flowsheet and the Standard
Sub-Flowsheet. However, Column Sub-Flowsheets, EO Sub-Flowsheets, Aspen Hydraulics Sub-Flowsheets, and Sulfur Recovery Unit (SRU) Sub-Flowsheets feature different model palettes. These palettes feature different unit operations depending on the sub-flowsheet type.
To access the Model Palette:
l Press F4. l Press F12.
-or-l From the View ribbon tab | Show group, click the Model Palette
button. To add a stream:
l On the Model Palette, in the upper-right corner, click the desired
stream type.
Name Icon
Material Stream Energy Stream
The upper-right corner of the model palette also allows you to add a Standard
Name Icon
Standard Sub-Flowsheet EO Sub-Flowsheet
To add other unit operations or sub-flowsheets:
1. On the Model Palette, select one of the following Views:
o Text View : Display the icon, name, and description for each
unit operation.
o Grid View : Displays only the icon for each unit operation.
You can hover over a unit operation to view the associated tool-tip.
2. You can either:
o Type a search term in the search bar, and then click .
Searches are filtered based on the name and description.
-or-o Select one of the categories on the left-hand side.
Category Associated Unit Operations/Sub-Flowsheets
All Shows all available unit operations and sub-flow-sheets.
Category Associated Unit Operations/Sub-Flowsheets
Dynamics & Con-trol o Split-Range Controller o Ratio Controller o PID Controller o MPC Controller o DMCPlus Controller o Selector o Digital Control Point o Transfer Function Block o Boolean Not Gate o Boolean And Gate o Boolean Or Gate o Boolean XOr Gate o Boolean Off Delay Gate o Boolean On Delay Gate o Boolean Latch Gate o Boolean Count Up Gate o Boolean Count Down Gate o Cause-and-Effect Matrix
External Model o CAPE-OPEN 1.0 Unit o CAPE-OPEN 1.1 Unit o Equilibrium Unit o External Data Linker o ACM Operation o User Unit Op o Mach Number Unit o Virtual Stream
o Wellhead PQ Unit Operation o SULSIM Extension
Category Associated Unit Operations/Sub-Flowsheets Heat Transfer o Heater o Cooler o Heat Exchanger o Fired Heater o Air Cooler o LNG Exchanger o Plate Exchanger Manipulator o Adjust o Spreadsheet o Recycle o Set o Stream Saturator o Balance o Stream Cutter o Petroleum Feeder o Assay Manipulator o Product Blender o Black Oil Translator o Lumper
o Delumper
Piping & Hydraul-ics
o Mixer o Tee
o Pipe Segment o Gas Pipe
o Aspen Hydraulics Sub-Flowsheet o OLGA Link
o Petroleum Experts GAP o PIPESIM
o PipeSim Link Unit o PipeSim Net Unit
Category Associated Unit Operations/Sub-Flowsheets
Pressure Changer o Pump o Control Valve o Relief Valve o Compressor o Expander
Reactor o Continuously Stirred Tank o Plug Flow Reactor
o Conversion Reactor o Equilibrium Reactor o Gibbs Reactor o Yield Shift Reactor o Neutralizer o HF Alkylation o H2SO4 Alkylation o Isomerization o Naphtha Hydrotreater o Catalytic Reformer o Hydrocracker o Hydroprocessing Bed
o Fluidized Catalytic Cracking (FCC) o CatGas Hydrotreater SHU
o CatGas Hydrotreater HDS o Delayed Coker
o Visbreaker
o Sulfur Recovery Unit (SRU) Sub-Flowsheet o Petroleum Shift Reactor
Category Associated Unit Operations/Sub-Flowsheets Separator o Separator o 3 Phase Separator o Tank o Distillation Column o Blank Column o Component Splitter o Absorber o Refluxed Absorber o Reboiled Absorber o Three Phase Distillation o Shortcut Column
o Refining Short-Cut Column o Liquid-Liquid Extractor o 3 Stripper Crude o 4 Stripper Crude o Vacuum Resid Tower o FCCU Main Frac o Simple Solid Separator o Cyclone
o Hydrocyclone
o Liquid-liquid Hydrocyclone o Baghouse Filter
o Rotary Vacuum Filter o Precipitator
o Crystallizer
Note: The electrolyte operations are only available if your case is an
elec-trolyte system; the selected fluid package must support elecelec-trolytes.
3. Select the desired unit operation or sub-flowsheet. To add it to the PFD:
o Drag and drop the icon onto the PFD.
Basic Unit Operation Property
View
Although each unit operation differs in functionality and operation, in general, the unit operation property view remains consistent in its overall appearance. Most operation property views contain the following common objects:
l Delete button. This button lets you delete the unit operation from the
current simulation case. Only the unit operation is deleted, any streams attached to the unit operation is left in the simulation case.
l Status bar. This bar displays messages associated to the calculation
status of the unit operation. The messages also indicate the missing or incorrect data in the operation.
l Ignore check box. This check box lets you toggle between including and
excluding the unit operation in the simulation process calculation.
o To ignore the operation during calculations, select the check box.
HYSYS completely disregards the operation until you restore the operation to an active state by clearing the check box.
Note: You can also right-click and select the Ignore/Restore Unit Oper-ation command to ignore or restore multiple selected flowsheet
oper-ations.
The Operation property view also contain several different tabs which are oper-ation specific, however the Design, Rating, Worksheet, and Dynamics tabs can usually be found in each unit operation property view and have similar func-tionality.
Tab Description
Design Connects the feed and outlet streams to the unit operation. Other para-meters such as pressure drop, heat flow, and solving method are also spe-cified on the various pages of this tab.
Rating Rates and Sizes the unit operation vessel. Specification of the tab is not always necessary in Steady State mode, however it can be used to cal-culate vessel hold up.
Worksheet Displays the Conditions, Properties, Composition, and Pressure Flow val-ues of the streams entering and exiting the unit operation.
Dynamics Sets the dynamic parameters associated with the unit operation such as valve sizing and pressure flow relations. Not relevant to steady state mod-elling.
For information on dynamic modeling implications of this tab, refer to the
HYSYS Dynamics section.
Note: If negative pressure drop occurs in a vessel, the operation will not solve and a
Object Inspect Menu
To access the Object Inspect menu of a unit operation property view, right-click on any empty area of the property view.
The unit operation property view all have the following common commands in the Object Inspect menu:
Command Description
Print Data-sheet
Lets you access the Select DataBlocks to Print property view. Open Page Lets you open the active page into a new property view.
Find in PFD Lets you locate and display the object icon in the PFD property view. This command is useful if you already have access to an object's prop-erty view and want to see where the object is located in the PFD.
This command is only available in the Object Inspect menu of the HYSYS stream & operation property views.
Connections Lets you access theLogical Connections For... Property View.
Logical Connections For...
Prop-erty View
The Logical Connections for... property view lets you determine simulation dependencies between objects which are not otherwise shown via connecting lines on the PFD. Certain HYSYS operations can write to any other object and if the user is looking at the object being written to, they have no way of telling this, other than that the value might be changing. For example, one can determ-ine if one spreadsheet is writing to another.
Note: The Logical Connections for... property view is different if accessed from a
Spread-sheet property view since there is an additional column (This Name) in the table. The This Name column displays the spreadsheet cell that contains the information/variable con-nected to the spreadsheet.
The table in the Logical Connections for... property view contains the following columns:
l Remote Name column displays the name of the operation or stream
being written to or read from the active object.
o Double-click on a particular entry of the Remote Name column
to open the property view of the operation or stream.
l Remote Type column displays the operation type (pump, valve,
stream, and so forth) of the remote object from the current/active prop-erty view.
The Show All check box lets you toggle between displaying or hiding all the other operations and streams that the selected object knows about. Duplicate connectivity information may be shown otherwise (either via a line on the PFD or elsewhere in a Logical operations property view, for example). Usually, you do not need to select this check box.
Note: There is only one Show All check box for your HYSYS session. When the check box
is changed, the current setting is effective for all Logical Connections For... property view.
To access the Logical Connections for… view of a HYSYS PFD object:
1. Open the object's property view.
2. Right-click in an empty area of the object's property view. The Object Inspect menu associated to the object appears.
3. Select Connections command from the Object Inspect menu.
Note: The information displayed in the Logical Connections for... property view is
primar-ily use for the Spreadsheet, Cause and Effect Matrix operation, Event Scheduler oper-ation, and any other operations that read/write from/to these property views.
2 Unit Operation Common
Property Views
Each unit operation in HYSYS contains some common information and options grouped into common property views, tabs, and pages. The following sections describe the common objects in HYSYS operation property view.
Graph Control Property View
The Graph Control property view and its options are available for all plots in HYSYS.
The options are grouped into five tabs:
l Data - Modify the variable characteristics (type, name, color, symbol,
line style, and line thickness) of the plot.
l Axes - Modify the axes characteristics (label name, display format, and
axes value range) of the plot.
l Title - Modify the title characteristics (label, font style, font color,
bor-ders, and background color) of the plot.
l Legend - Modify the legend characteristics (border, background color,
font style, font color, and alignment) of the plot.
l Plot Area - Modify the plot characteristics (background color, grid
color, frame color, and cross hair color) of the plot.
To access the Graph Control property view, do one of the following:
l Right-click any spot on an active plot and select the Graph Control
com-mand from the Object Inspect menu.
l Click in the plot area to make the plot the active object. Then, either
double-click on the plot Title or Legend to access the respective tab of the Graph Control property view.
Heat Exchanger Page
The Heat Exchanger page on the Dynamics tab for most vessel unit oper-ations in HYSYS contains the options use to configure heat transfer method within the unit operation.
There are three options to choose from:
l None radio button option indicates that there is no energy stream or
heat exchanger in the vessel. The Heat Exchanger page is blank and you do not have to specify an energy stream for the unit operation to solve.
l Duty radio button option indicates that there is an energy stream in the
vessel. The Heat Exchanger page contains the HYSYS standard heater or cooler parameters and you have to specify an energy stream for the unit operation to solve.
l Tube Bundle radio button option indicates that there is heat exchanger
in the vessel and lets you simulate a kettle reboiler or chiller. The Heat Exchanger page contains the parameters used to configure a heat exchanger and you have to specify material streams of the heat exchanger for the unit operation to solve.
Note: The Tube Bundle option is only available in Dynamics mode.
Note: The Tube Bundle option is only available for the following unit operations:
Separ-ator, Three Phase SeparSepar-ator, Condenser, and Reboiler.
Duty Radio Button Options
When you select the Duty radio button the following options are available.
Heater Type Group
In the Heater Type group, there are two heating methods available to the gen-eral vessel operation:
l Vessel Heater l Liquid Heater
If you select the Vessel Heater radio button, 100% of the duty specified or cal-culated in the SP field is applied to the vessel’s holdup.
(1)
where:
Q = total heat applied to the holdup
If you select the Liquid Heater radio button, the duty applied to the vessel depends on the liquid level in the tank. You must specify the heater height in the Top of Heater and Bottom of Heater cells that appear with Heater Height as % Vessel Volume group.
The heater height is expressed as a percentage of the liquid level in the vessel operation. The default values are 5% for the Top of the Heater and 0% for the Bottom of the Heater. These values are used to scale the amount of duty that is applied to the vessel contents.
(2)
where:
L = liquid percent level (%) T = top of heater (%) B = bottom of heater (%)
The Percent Heat Applied can be calculated as follows:
(3)
It is shown that the percent of heat applied to the vessel’s holdup directly var-ies with the surface area of liquid contacting the heater.
Duty Source/Source Group
In the Duty Source/Source group, you can choose whether HYSYS calculates the duty applied to the vessel from a direct energy source or from a utility source.
l If you select the Direct Q radio button, the Direct Q group appears,
and you can directly specify the duty applied to the holdup in the SP field.
The following table describes the purpose of each object in the Direct Q group.
Object Description
SP The heat flow value in this cell is the same value specified in the Duty field of the Parameters page on the Design tab. Any changes made in this cell are reflected on the Duty field of the Parameters page on the Design tab.
Min. Available
Lets you specify the minimum amount of heat flow. Max.
Available
Lets you specify the maximum amount of heat flow.
l If you select the Utility radio button, the Utility Properties group
appears, and you can specify the flow of the utility fluid.
o The duty is then calculated using the local overall heat transfer
coefficient, the inlet fluid conditions, and the process conditions. The calculated duty is then displayed in the SP field or the Heat
Flow field.
o If you select the Heating radio button, the duty shown in the SP
field or Heat Flow field is added to the holdup. If you select the
Cooling radio button, the duty shown in the SP field or Heat
Flow field is subtracted from the holdup.
o For more information regarding how the utility option calculates
duty, refer to the Logical Operations.
Tube Bundle Radio Button
When you select the Tube Bundle radio button, the Tube Bundle options are available.
Note: The Tube Bundle option is only available in Dynamics mode.
Note: If you had an energy stream attached to the unit operation, HYSYS automatically
disconnects the energy stream when you switch to the Tube Bundle option.
The Tube Bundle option lets you configure a shell tube heat exchanger (for example, kettle reboiler or kettle chiller).
l In the kettle reboiler, the process fluid is typically on the shell side and
the process fluid is fed into a liquid "pool" which is heated by a number of tubes. A weir limits the amount of liquid in the pool. The liquid over-flow is placed under level control and provides the main liquid product. The vapor is circulated back to the vessel.
l In the kettle chiller, the process fluid is typically on the tube side with a
refrigerant on the shell side. The refrigerant if typically pure and cools by evaporation. The setup is similar to the reboiler except that there is no weir or level control.
The unit operation icon in the PFD also changes to indicate that a heat exchanger has been attached to the unit operation.
The following table lists and describes the options available to configure the heat exchanger:
Object Description Parameters group
Tube Volume cell
Lets you specify the volume of the tubes in the heat exchanger. Vessel Liquid
U cell
Lets you specify the heat transfer rate of the liquid in the shell. Vessel Vapor
U cell
Lets you specify the heat transfer rate of the vapor in the shell. Tube Liquid U
cell
Lets you specify the heat transfer rate of the liquid in the tube. Tube Vapor U
cell
Lets you specify the heat transfer rate of the vapor in the tube. Heat Transfer
Area cell
Lets you specify the total heat transfer area between the fluid in the shell and the fluid in the tube.
Bundle Top Height cell
Lets you specify the location of the top tube/bundle based on the height from the bottom of the shell.
Bundle Bot-tom Height cell
Lets you specify the location of the bottom tube/bundle based on the height from the bottom of the shell.
Specs group
Tube Dp cell Lets you specify the pressure drop within the tubes. You have to select the associate check box in order to specify the pressure drop.
Tube K cell Lets you specify the pressure flow relationship value within the tubes. You have to select the associate check box in order to specify the pres-sure flow relationship value.
Object Description
Tube UA Reference Flow cell
Lets you set a reference point that uses HYSYS to calculate a more real-istic UA value. If no reference point is set then UA is fixed.
UA is the product of overall heat transfer multiply with overall heat transfer area, and depends on the flow rate.
If a value is specified for the Reference Flow, the heat transfer coef-ficient is proportional to the (mass flow ratio)0.8. The equation below is used to determine the actual UA:
Reference flows generally help to stabilize the system when you do shut downs and startups as well.
Minimum Flow Scale Factor cell
The ratio of mass flow at time t to reference mass flow is also known as flow scaled factor. The minimum flow scaled factor is the lowest value which the ratio is anticipated at low flow regions. This value can be expressed in a positive value or negative value.
l A positive value ensures that some heat transfer still takes place at very low flows.
l A negative value ignores heat transfer at very low flows.
A negative minimum flow scale factor is often used in shut downs if you are not interested in the results or run into problems shutting down the heat exchanger.
If the Minimum Flow Scale Factor is specified, the actual UA is cal-culated using the ratio if the ratio is greater
than the Min Flow Scale Factor. Otherwise the Min Flow Scale Factor is used.
Calculate K button
Lets you calculate the K value based on the heat exchanger spe-cifications.
Shell Dp cell Lets you specify the pressure drop within the shell.
Summary group
Actual UA cell Displays the calculated UA in Dynamics mode. Shell Liq.
Per-cent Level cell
Displays the calculated liquid level in the shell at percentage value.
Tube Liq. Volume Per-cent cell
Lets you specify in percentage value the volume of liquid in the tube.
Shell Duty cell