Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2012
Swiss German intonation patterns
Leemann, AdrianAbstract: Switzerland is renowned for having a diverse linguistic and dialectal landscape in a compara-tively small and confined space. Possibly, this is one of the reasons why Swiss German dialects have been investigated thoroughly on various linguistic levels. Nevertheless, natural speech intonation has, until today, not been examined systematically. The aim of this study is to analyze natural Swiss German fun-damental frequency behavior according to linguistic, paralinguistic, and extralinguistic variables, using statistical tests against the backdrop of detecting dialect-specific patterns as well as cross-dialectal differ-ences. The intonation analyses were conducted with the mathematically-formulated Command-Response model. This is the first large-scale study that applies this framework on a large corpus of natural, di-alectal speech. This contribution provides a holistic account of the truly multilayered features of natural speech intonation and brings to light detailed underlying patterns of Swiss German dialectal fundamental frequency behavior. The book is mainly targeted at linguists, speech scientists, as well as dialectologists.
Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-73620
Monograph Cover Image
Originally published at:
Leemann, Adrian (2012). Swiss German intonation patterns. Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Ben-jamins.
Swiss German
Intonation Patterns
Adrian Leemann
John Benjamins Publishing Company
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Volume 10
Swiss German Intonation Patterns by Adrian Leemann
Studies in Language Variation
The series aims to include empirical studies of linguistic variation as well as its description, explanation and interpretation in structural, social and cognitive terms. The series will cover any relevant subdiscipline: sociolinguistics, contact linguistics, dialectology, historical linguistics, anthropology/anthropological linguistics. The emphasis will be on linguistic aspects and on the interaction between linguistic and extralinguistic aspects — not on extralinguistic aspects (including language ideology, policy etc.) as such.
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Editors
Peter Auer Universität FreiburgFrans Hinskens Meertens Instituut & Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Paul Kerswill Lancaster University Editorial Board Jannis K. Androutsopoulos University of Hamburg Arto Anttila Stanford University Gaetano Berruto L’Università di Torino Paul Boersma University of Amsterdam Jenny Cheshire University of London Gerard Docherty Newcastle University Penny Eckert Stanford University William Foley University of Sydney Peter Gilles University of Luxembourg Barbara Horvath University of Sydney Brian Joseph
The Ohio State University
Johannes Kabatek
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Juhani Klemola University of Tampere Miklós Kontra University of Szeged Bernard Laks CNRS-Université Paris X Nanterre Maria-Rosa Lloret Universitat de Barcelona K. K. Luke
The University of Hong Kong
Rajend Mesthrie
University of Cape Town
Pieter Muysken
Radboud University Nijmegen
Marc van Oostendorp
Meertens Institute & Leiden University Sali Tagliamonte University of Toronto Johan Taeldeman University of Gent Øystein Vangsnes University of Tromsø
Juan Villena Ponsoda
Swiss German
Intonation Patterns
Adrian Leemann
University of Zurich
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Leemann, Adrian.
Swiss German intonation patterns / Adrian Leemann. p. cm. (Studies in Language Variation, issn 1872-9592 ; v. 10) Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. German language--Dialects--Switzerland. 2. German language--Intonation. 3. Switzerland--Languages. I. Title.
PF5132.L44 2012
437’.9494--dc23 2012012903 isbn 978 90 272 3490 2 (Hb ; alk. paper)
isbn 978 90 272 7384 0 (Eb)
© 2012 – John Benjamins B.V.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher.
John Benjamins Publishing Co. · P.O. Box 36224 · 1020 me Amsterdam · The Netherlands John Benjamins North America · P.O. Box 27519 · Philadelphia pa 19118-0519 · usa
8
TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements ofthe American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984.
Table of contents
Abbreviations used SAMPA reference chapter 1 Introduction chapter 2 Intonation . Defining intonation . Intonation phrase . Declination and pitch reset
. Stress and accent
.. Prominence .. Stress .. Accent . Pitch range . Functions of intonation .. Information structuring
... Phrase accent and focus
... Semantically determined focal accents
... Focus effects .. Paralinguistic ... Prosodic paragraphing ... Conversational .. Non-linguistic functions chapter 3 Intonation models
. Autosegmental – metrical phonology: ToBI
.. Fundamental principles
.. Tone and Break Indices (ToBI)
.. Shortcomings
Swiss German Intonation Patterns
chapter 4
Command-Response model: Fujisaki
. Origins
. Mathematical formulation
. Underlying physical and physiological principles
. Model parameters: Characteristics and linguistic interpretation .. Fb .. Phrase component ... Linguistic interpretation .. Accent component ... Linguistic interpretation
. Earlier applications to German
.. Möbius
.. Mixdorff 57
.. Shortcomings of the model
. Strengths – why the Fujisaki model was chosen for this study
.. High degree of accuracy of generated f0 contours
.. Superposition
.. Selective concatenation with segments
.. Resynthesis .. Replication .. Physiological justification chapter 5 Swiss German . Language use
. Existing literature on Swiss German dialects
. Previous work on Swiss German intonation
.. Contributions to Swiss German grammar
... Bern Swiss German
... Grisons Swiss German
... Valais Swiss German
... Zurich Swiss German
.. MA Theses 1971–2000
.. Fitzpatrick’s (1999) “The Alpine Intonation of Bern Swiss German”
.. Studies on Swiss Standard German
.. Results from speech synthesis research
... Pauses
Table of contents
... Timing
... Intonation
.. Preliminary summary of previous work on Swiss German intonation chapter 6 Methods . Dialects chosen .. Brig - VS .. Bern - BE .. Chur - GR .. Winterthur - ZH . Subjects chosen . Data collection .. Recording devices
.. Interview setting and material
.. Interview effects
. Data preparation
.. Transcription
.. Segmentation
.. Annotation
... Annotation on the syllabic level
... Linguistic variables
... Paralinguistic variables
... Non-linguistic variables chapter 7
Application of the Fujisaki model
. Linguistic interpretation of the model components
.. Fb .. Phrase component .. Accent component . Parameter configuration .. Fb .. Phrase component .. Accent component . Modeling .. Pre-processing .. Modeling procedure
... Modeling constraints for PCs
Swiss German Intonation Patterns
... LPC-resynthesis
... Concatenation of commands with segments
. Modeling difficulties
.. Flat contours
.. Slow-rising phrases
... Slow-rise component
.. Slow-rising local accents chapter 8 Overall results . Statistical preliminaries .. Data transformation .. Figure details .. Presentation of statistics
. Summary of analyzed data
. Fb
.. Effects with other model parameters
. Phrase component
.. PC magnitude
.. PC duration
.. Effects with other model parameters
. Accent component
.. AC amplitude
.. AC duration
.. AC timing
.. Effects with other model parameters chapter 9
Linguistic variables
. Stress
.. Number of stressed syllables in AC
... AC amplitude
... AC duration
... AC timing
... Summary and discussion
.. Position of first stressed syllable in AC
... AC amplitude
... Summary and discussion
. Word class
.. Number of lexical syllables in AC
Table of contents
... Summary and discussion chapter 10
Paralinguistic variables
. Focus
.. Accent component
... AC amplitudes
... Narrow focus durations
.. Summary and discussion
... Accent component . Phrase type .. Phrase component ... PC magnitude ... PC duration .. Accent component ... AC amplitude ... AC timing
.. Summary and discussion
... Phrase component
... Accent component
. Prosodic paragraphing
.. PC magnitude
... Strength of break
... Duration of previous phrase
... Magnitude of previous phrase
.. PC duration
... Strength of break
... Duration of previous phrase
... Magnitude of previous phrase
... Summary and discussion chapter 11
Non-linguistic variables
. Articulation rate
.. Phrase component
... PC duration
... Summary and discussion
. Emotion
.. Phrase component
... PC duration
Swiss German Intonation Patterns . Sex .. Phrase component ... PC magnitude .. Accent component ... AC amplitude
... Summary and discussion chapter 12
Linear models
. Preliminaries
.. Multiple linear regressions
.. Selection of independent variables
.. Determining relative importance of explanatory variables
.. Visualization of statistical models
. Phrase component .. PC magnitude .. PC duration . Accent component .. AC amplitude ... AC duration ... AC timing chapter 13 Dialect profiles . Bern .. Exceptional features .. Dialect-internal structure . Grisons .. Exceptional features .. Dialect-internal structure . Valais .. Exceptional features .. Dialect-internal structure . Zurich .. Exceptional features .. Dialect-internal structure . Discussion . Signature features
Table of contents .. Bern .. Grisons .. Valais .. Zurich . Alpine-Midland divide .. f0 behavior in variables
.. Features in the models
. East-West divide
.. f0 behavior in variables
.. Features in the models
. Discussion
. Overall assessment of applying the command-response model on natural dialectal speech
chapter 14
Conclusion
References
Appendix
