MICROBIOLOGY & PARASITOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY & PARASITOLOGY 1.
1. Many oMany of tf this his tytype pe of of babactecteria ria do do nonot pt possossess ess susupeperoxroxide ide disdismumutastase ae and nd cacataltalasease A.
A. obligate obligate aerobeaerobess B.
B. obobliligagate anaete anaerorobebess C.
C. facufacultatltative ive anaanaeroberobeses D.
D. micmicroaroaereropophilhileses p. 66
p. 66 2.
2. It is thIt is the pe perieriod od hehen thn the bae bactecteriurium is m is asassesessissing tng the he nunutritrienents pts preresensent in t in memediudium! tm! thehe bacterium does not divide but there is an intense metabolic activity. "he phase of bacterium does not divide but there is an intense metabolic activity. "he phase of bacterial groth is bacterial groth is A A.. LLaagg # #.. $$oogg C.
C. %t%tatatioionanaryry D
D.. DDececlilinnee p. &' p. &' '.
'. (hic(hich th the he bebest st to to ststererilili)i)e e scscisissosors rs anand od othther er shshararpsps** A.
A. GlGlututaraaraldldehehydydee #.
#. +o+ormrmalaldedehyhydede C.
C. IoIoddopophohor r D
D.. ,,hheennooll p. p. 6-.
. "h"hesese are are gre groupoups of s of gegenenes ths that aat are cre cluslustetered red totogetgether her in tin the Dhe D/A /A of sof some ome babactecteriariall species and hich may enable them to invade a host
species and hich may enable them to invade a host A.
A. PathPathogeogeniniity ity islislandand #
#.. 00ppiisosomemess C.
C. ""raransnspopososonsns D.
D. epeplilicoconsns p. 3 p. 3 &.
&. (hic(hich ih is ts trurue ae abobout ut ththe be bacacteteririal al chchroromomososomeme** A.
A. ContainContains histones histones that sts that stabili)e tabili)e the D/Ahe D/A #.
#. ComposComposed of a ed of a single psingle pair of hair of homologous omologous chromosochromosomesmes C.
C. eplicaeplicates in a very dtes in a very differeifferent manner front manner from that of eu4am that of eu4aryotic chrryotic chromosomesomosomes !.
!. ConContaitain sinn single gle o"y o# eo"y o# eah gah geneene p.
p. 6.
6. A nonA non5e5encancapspsulaulateted std strarain oin of ef emomophiphilus lus infinfluluen)en)ae aae ac7c7uiruires tes the ghe genene foe for car capspsuleule production from a D/A extract of another encapsulated strain. "he event that has production from a D/A extract of another encapsulated strain. "he event that has occurred is
occurred is A.
A. "ra"ransformatinsformationon B.
B. CoCon$n$ugugatatioionn C.
C. ""ranransdusductctionion D.
D. ""ranranscrscriptiptionion p. 1-6
8.
8. (hat is t(hat is the she subsubstantance pce pririmarmarily rily resesponponsisible fble for tor the she strutructcturaural intl integegritrity of ty of the bhe bactacterierialal cell all and is susceptible to lyso)yme*
cell all and is susceptible to lyso)yme* A.
A. CytoplasCytoplasmic membrmic membraneane #.
#. ""eiceichohoic ic acacidid C.
C. PePe"t"tididogoglylyaann D.
D. $i$ipopopolpolysysaccaccharharideide p. 22
p. 22 3.
3. A hosA hospipitaltali)ei)ed pad patietient nt ith ith dysdysururia ania and sud supraprapupubic pbic pain iain is tres treatated ed ith cith cipriproflofloxaoxacicin.n. (hat is the mechanism of action of this antibiotic*
(hat is the mechanism of action of this antibiotic* A.
A. It inhibitIt inhibits D/A5ds D/A5dependeependent /A nt /A polymerapolymerasese #.
#. It inhibitIt inhibits protein s protein synthessynthesis by bindis by binding to the ing to the '-% rib'-% ribosomal suosomal subunitbunit C.
C. It inhibits pIt inhibits protein subrotein subunits by binunits by binding to the &ding to the &-% riboso-% ribosomal subunitmal subunit !.
!. It inIt inhibithibits to"ois to"oiso%erasso%erase II !e II !'A 'A gyrase(gyrase( p. 16
p. 16 .
. (hich (hich babactecteriarial sl strutructcturure me may ay cacarry rry gegene ne fofor ar antintibibiotiotic rc resiesiststancance*e* A.
A. MesosomeMesosome #.
#. ,e,eririplplasasmm C.
C. PlPlasas%i%idd D.
D. 9u9uteter r memmembrbrananee p. 3
p. 3
1-1-.. (ha(hat it is ts the he prepredodominminanant it indndigeigenounous fs florlora oa of tf the he cocolonlon** A.
A. AnaeroAnaerobi) grabi) gra%*negat%*negati+e) noi+e) non*s"ore*n*s"ore*#or%in#or%ing baterig bateriaa #.
#. AnaerobAnaerobic: gic: gram5positram5positive: ive: non5sponon5spore5forminre5forming bg bacteriaacteria C.
C. AerobicAerobic: gram5: gram5negativenegative: non5: non5spore5fospore5forming rming bacteriabacteria D.
D. AerobicAerobic: g: gram5positram5positive: ive: spore5forspore5forming ming bacteriabacteria p. 1
p. 1 1
11.1. (h(hich ich of tof the fhe follollooing ing is tis the the trurue ree regagardirding tng the bhe bacacterterial ial cecell*ll* A.
A. e motility of bacteria is due to flagella: axial filaments or ciliae motility of bacteria is due to flagella: axial filaments or cilia B.
B. "he ability to coloni)e cell surfaces is dependent on toxic production"he ability to coloni)e cell surfaces is dependent on toxic production C.
C. The abilThe ability to sur+iity to sur+i+e in soil #o+e in soil #or a long "erir a long "eriod o# ti%e is deod o# ti%e is de"enden"endent ont on the "rodution o# endos"ores
the "rodution o# endos"ores !.
!. It has the same ribosomes as that of a eu4aryotic cellsIt has the same ribosomes as that of a eu4aryotic cells p. '&
p. '& 12.
12. (hic(hich of h of the the follfolloioing ing is ths the coe counteunterparpart ort of mif mitochtochondondria ria in a in a bactbacteriaerial cel cell*ll* A.
A. Cell aCell allll #.
#. 0n0ndodospspororeses C.
C. ibibososomomeses !.
!. CeCell ll %e%e%b%branranee p. 18
p. 18 1'
1'.. (h(hich ich of tof the fhe follollooing ing ageagents nts pospossesess ess eithither Der D/A /A or or /A/A** A.
A. ,,iirurusesess #
#.. ,,rriioonnss C.
8.
8. (hat is t(hat is the she subsubstantance pce pririmarmarily rily resesponponsisible fble for tor the she strutructcturaural intl integegritrity of ty of the bhe bactacterierialal cell all and is susceptible to lyso)yme*
cell all and is susceptible to lyso)yme* A.
A. CytoplasCytoplasmic membrmic membraneane #.
#. ""eiceichohoic ic acacidid C.
C. PePe"t"tididogoglylyaann D.
D. $i$ipopopolpolysysaccaccharharideide p. 22
p. 22 3.
3. A hosA hospipitaltali)ei)ed pad patietient nt ith ith dysdysururia ania and sud supraprapupubic pbic pain iain is tres treatated ed ith cith cipriproflofloxaoxacicin.n. (hat is the mechanism of action of this antibiotic*
(hat is the mechanism of action of this antibiotic* A.
A. It inhibitIt inhibits D/A5ds D/A5dependeependent /A nt /A polymerapolymerasese #.
#. It inhibitIt inhibits protein s protein synthessynthesis by bindis by binding to the ing to the '-% rib'-% ribosomal suosomal subunitbunit C.
C. It inhibits pIt inhibits protein subrotein subunits by binunits by binding to the &ding to the &-% riboso-% ribosomal subunitmal subunit !.
!. It inIt inhibithibits to"ois to"oiso%erasso%erase II !e II !'A 'A gyrase(gyrase( p. 16
p. 16 .
. (hich (hich babactecteriarial sl strutructcturure me may ay cacarry rry gegene ne fofor ar antintibibiotiotic rc resiesiststancance*e* A.
A. MesosomeMesosome #.
#. ,e,eririplplasasmm C.
C. PlPlasas%i%idd D.
D. 9u9uteter r memmembrbrananee p. 3
p. 3
1-1-.. (ha(hat it is ts the he prepredodominminanant it indndigeigenounous fs florlora oa of tf the he cocolonlon** A.
A. AnaeroAnaerobi) grabi) gra%*negat%*negati+e) noi+e) non*s"ore*n*s"ore*#or%in#or%ing baterig bateriaa #.
#. AnaerobAnaerobic: gic: gram5positram5positive: ive: non5sponon5spore5forminre5forming bg bacteriaacteria C.
C. AerobicAerobic: gram5: gram5negativenegative: non5: non5spore5fospore5forming rming bacteriabacteria D.
D. AerobicAerobic: g: gram5positram5positive: ive: spore5forspore5forming ming bacteriabacteria p. 1
p. 1 1
11.1. (h(hich ich of tof the fhe follollooing ing is tis the the trurue ree regagardirding tng the bhe bacacterterial ial cecell*ll* A.
A. e motility of bacteria is due to flagella: axial filaments or ciliae motility of bacteria is due to flagella: axial filaments or cilia B.
B. "he ability to coloni)e cell surfaces is dependent on toxic production"he ability to coloni)e cell surfaces is dependent on toxic production C.
C. The abilThe ability to sur+iity to sur+i+e in soil #o+e in soil #or a long "erir a long "eriod o# ti%e is deod o# ti%e is de"enden"endent ont on the "rodution o# endos"ores
the "rodution o# endos"ores !.
!. It has the same ribosomes as that of a eu4aryotic cellsIt has the same ribosomes as that of a eu4aryotic cells p. '&
p. '& 12.
12. (hic(hich of h of the the follfolloioing ing is ths the coe counteunterparpart ort of mif mitochtochondondria ria in a in a bactbacteriaerial cel cell*ll* A.
A. Cell aCell allll #.
#. 0n0ndodospspororeses C.
C. ibibososomomeses !.
!. CeCell ll %e%e%b%branranee p. 18
p. 18 1'
1'.. (h(hich ich of tof the fhe follollooing ing ageagents nts pospossesess ess eithither Der D/A /A or or /A/A** A.
A. ,,iirurusesess #
#.. ,,rriioonnss C.
C. #a#actctereriaia D
D.. ++uunnggii p. 2 p. 2
1.
1. Most Most pathpathogeogenic nic micrmicroorgoorganianism sm gro gro best best at at the the temptemperaterature ure rangrange oe of af about bout ;;;;;;;;.;;. A.
A. 1&52-<C1&52-<C B B.. --**-/-/00CC C C.. &&--556-6-<<CC D. D. 3-3-5151----<C<C p. 6& p. 6& 1&.
1&. A A 225y225year5ear5old old oman oman came came in din due tue to meo meningningococococcemicemia. +ea. +e ho hours urs afteafter the r the admiadmissiossion:n: the patient experienced disseminated intravascular coagulation =DIC>. "he patient
the patient experienced disseminated intravascular coagulation =DIC>. "he patient shoc4 as due to hat component of the causative agent*
shoc4 as due to hat component of the causative agent* A.
A. Cell aCell allll #
#.. CCapapssuulele C.
C. Li"Li"o"oo"olyslysaahariharidede D.
D. 0n0ndodospspororeses pp. 1&&51&6 pp. 1&&51&6 16.
16. (hic(hich onh one of e of the the follfolloioing anng antimitimicrobcrobial aial agengents acts acts ots on micn microoroorganrganisms isms by inby inhibihibitintingg nucleic acid synthesis*
nucleic acid synthesis* A.
A. %treptom%treptomycinycin #.
#. CCefefalalexexinin C.
C. CiCi"ro"ro#l#lo1o1aiainn D.
D. 0r0rytythrhromomycycinin p. 13
p. 13 18.
18. A A neneborn born as as diagdiagnosenosed itd ith neoh neonatanatal menl meningiingitis. tis. "he "he caucausatisative agve agent ent as foas found ound outut to be isolated in the vagina of the mother. (hich one of the folloing microorganisms to be isolated in the vagina of the mother. (hich one of the folloing microorganisms can be a part of the normal vaginal flora of the mother and can cause neonatal
can be a part of the normal vaginal flora of the mother and can cause neonatal meningitis*
meningitis* A.
A. MycoplasMycoplasma pneumoma pneumoniaeniae #.
#. %t%tapaphylhylocoococcccus aureus aureusus C.
C. 0s0schcherierichchia cia colioli !.
!. StrStre"toe"tooous agaus agalalatiatiaee p. 1
p. 1 13.
13. (hic(hich of h of the the follfolloioing is ng is the the ?C' ?C' actactivativation uion unit@ nit@ in tin the che classlassicaical coml compleplement ment pathpathayay** A. A. C17C17 # #.. CC'' C. C. CC2b2b) ) C3C3aa D.
D. C&C&: C6: C6: C8: C8: C3 : C3 anand Cd C p. 1'6
p. 1'6 1
1.. "h"he cle classassic pic pathathaay of ty of the che compomplemlemenent syt systestem is acm is activtivateated hd henen;; ;; A.
A. "he +ab "he +ab portion oportion of IgM binf IgM binds to the ds to the C1s of C1s of the complthe complement patement pathayhay #.
#. "he +c p"he +c portion of ortion of Ig0 bindIg0 binds to the s to the C17 of tC17 of the complehe complement patment pathayhay C.
C. The hy"eThe hy"er+ariabr+ariable regiole regions o# the hea+y anns o# the hea+y and light hd light hains binains binds to theds to the %e%brane o# the baterial ell
%e%brane o# the baterial ell D.
2-.
2-. AntiAntigen5gen5prepresentsenting ing celcells tls that hat actactivativate he helpelper er " " cell cell must must expexpress ress hihich ch one one of of thethe folloing on their surfaces*
folloing on their surfaces* A.
A. Ig0Ig0 #.
#. aamma mma ininterterferferonon C.
C. ClClass ass I MC aI MC antintigegensns !.
!. ClaClass Iss II M4I M4C anC antigtigensens p. 1'
p. 1' 21.
21. IncrIncreaseased sed susceusceptibptibility ility itith eh epatipatitis tis viruvirus ans and Cad Candidndida ala albicabicans ns ould ould be ebe expecxpectedted ith a deficiency of hich of the folloing cells*
ith a deficiency of hich of the folloing cells* A.
A. ,M/,M/ #.
#. 0o0osisinonophphililss C C.. # c# ceellllss ! !.. T T elelllss p. 1'3 p. 1'3 22.
22. In In ""ype ype I hyI hyperpersenssensitivitivityity: th: the pre predomedominaninant ant antibotibody tdy that hat is eis elicilicited ted isBisB A.
A. IgAIgA B B.. IIgg55 C C.. IIgg D D.. IIggMM p. p. 1-2
2'.'. CoContntacact dt derermamatitititis is is as an en exaxampmple ole ofBfB A.
A. Ig0 medIg0 mediatediated #.
#. CoComplmplemeement mnt mediediateatedd C.
C. IgIg m medediaiatetedd !.
!. CeCell ll %e%edidiateatedd p. 11
p. 11 2
2.. "h"his imis immumunognogloblobuliulin is imn is impoportartant in pnt in prereveventinting ding diarrarrhea ihea in the nn the nebebornorn A A.. IIggAA # #.. IIggMM C C.. IIgg00 D D.. IIggDD p. 12 p. 12 2&
2&.. MaMain in cocompmpononenent t in in sesecocondndarary y rerespspononsese.. A.
A. IgAIgA # #.. IIggMM C C.. IIggGG D D.. IIggDD p. 1'& p. 1'& 26
26.. At bAt birtirth: th: the mhe maiain son sourcurce of e of eemamatoptopoetoetic %ic %tem tem CeCell ill is ths thee A.
A. $iver $iver #
#.. %%pplleeeenn C.
C. BoBone ne MaMarrrro6o6 D
D.. ""hhyymmuuss
p. 126 p. 126
28
28.. (h(hich ich memethothod id ill yll you sou see tee to deo detetect act antintigegens dns direirectlctly fry from tom tississue*ue* A.
A. 0$I%A0$I%A #.
#. 9u9uchchterterlonlony tecy technhnicic C.
C. I%I%%un%uno#lo#luoruoreseesenene D.
D. CoComplmplemeement fixnt fixatiationon p. 12
p. 12 23
23.. (h(hich ich is is trtrue ue ababout out humhumororal al immimmununity ity anand ad antntiboibodiedies*s* A.
A. AntibodAntibodies found ies found on the son the surface of urface of # cells # cells are IgAare IgA B.
B. IgG hIgG has t6o bas t6o bindinindings sites gs sites #or an #or an antigeantigenn C.
C. IgM is the IgM is the main protmain protection of ection of the nethe neborn up born up to 6 =six> to 6 =six> monthsmonths D.
D. "he +"he +ab regiab region of Ion of Ig0 bing0 binds to mds to mast cell ast cell receptor receptor p. 123
p. 123 2
2.. (h(hich ich of tof the fhe follollooing ing comcompleplemenment cat cascascade dde does oes not not invinvololve Cve C'b'b** A.
A. C& convC& convertase oertase of the altf the alternative ernative pathaypathay #.
#. C& coC& convernvertastase of the of the clase classic pasic paththayay C.
C. C- onC- on+ertase +ertase o# the o# the alternalternati+e "ati+e "ath6ayath6ay D.
D. C' coC' convernvertastase of the cle of the classiassic pathc pathayay p. 1'6
p. 1'6
'-'-.. (h(hich ich of tof the fhe follollooing ing celcells is ls is a paa part ort of thf the ine innatnate ime immunmune ree resposponsense** A.
A. #5lympho#5lymphocytescytes #.
#. ""5h5helpelper lympher lymphococyteytess C.
C. ""5cyt5cytotoxotoxic lyic lymphomphocytcyteses !.
!. MaMarro"o"hahagegess p. 12'
p. 12' '1.
'1. (hic(hich of h of the the follfolloioing ng is $is $0A%0A%" a" assocssociateiated d ith ith 0nt0nteroherohemoremorrahgrahgic 0ic 0. c. coli*oli* A.
A. #er%#er%entaentatiotion o# sn o# sorborbitoitoll #.
#. ststrarain -in -1&1&8B8B88 C.
C. undundercoercoo4eo4ed d hambhamburgeurgersrs D.
D. hemohemolytilytic5uc5uremiremic sc syndryndromeome p. 2&'
p. 2&' '2
'2.. (h(hich oich of thf the foe follolloiing is tng is true arue aboubout cht choleolera ara and itnd its cas caususatiative ave agengent*t* A.
A. A A secretory secretory diarrhea diarrhea due to idue to increases ncreases in cM, in cM, in the inin the intestinal testinal cellscells B.
B. The stoThe stool is ol is desridesribed as 7bed as 7rie 6rie 6ater*liater*li8e98e9 C.
C. "he ca"he causative usative agent is agent is non5motilnon5motile: nonfe: nonfermentativermentativee D.
D. roros poos poorly in merly in medium idium ith al4th al4alinaline pe p p. 281
p. 281 ''.
''. "he "he appappearearance ance of mof moistoistpale pale papupapules les or cor condyondylomalomas in s in the the anoanogenigenital tal area area isis characteristic of
characteristic of A.
A. ,rimary s,rimary syphilisyphilis B.
B. SeSeondondary ary sy"sy"hilhilisis C.
C. ""ertiertiary ary sypsyphilihiliss D.
'. A 5year old Asian child develops an infection ith Chlamydia trachomatis. o does infection ith this organism cause blindness*
A. etinal detachment #. Cataract formation
C. emorrhage of the anterior chamber !. Sarring o# the ornea
p.'6-'&. (hich is associated ith atherosclerosis* A. . pneumoniae
#. C. trachomatis C. %. pyogenes !. C. "neu%oniae
p.'6
'6. (hich of the folloing is $0A%" effective against M. pneumoniae infection* A. 0rythromycin
#. "etracycline C. anamycin !. ,ano%yin
p. '&
'8. "he only disease that can be diagnosed by demonstration of spirochetes in peripheral blood smear A. Rela"sing #e+er #. $eptopirosis C. ,inta D. $yme disease p. ''&
'3. (hich of the folloing is $0A%" associated ith elicopter pylori* A. It re:uires at least 3; 'aCl #or gro6th halo"hili(
#. It re7uires increased carbon dioxide tension and decreased oxygen tension C. It is sensitive to the acidity of the gastric uice
D. Most commonly diagnosed by the demonstration of urease production p.28&
'. In hich type of diarrhea is the use of antibiotics not recommended* A. Sal%onellosis
#. Campylobacter infection C. Cholera
D. %higellosis p. 2&
-. (hich causes urinary tract infection characteri)ed by al4aline urine and formation of urinary calculi*
A. %higella dysenteriae #. 0scherichia coli C. Proteus %irabilis D. 0nterobacter cloacae
p. 2&
1. (hich is $0A%" acceptable as specimen for the diagnosis of anaerobic infection A. "ranstracheal aspirate
#. %uprapubic aspirate C. ,aginal s6ab
D. %ample of tissue from infected site p. '-
2. (hich of the folloing microorganisms ta4es up the color of Crystal violet upon properly performed ram staining*
A. /eisseria gonorrheae B. Clostridiu% "er#ringens C. 0scherichia coli
D. ,seudomonas sp. p. 2-3
'. (hich of the folloing is a "oxoid vaccine* A. ,nuemococcal
#. Measles C. Earicella !. !i"htheria
p. 21&
. "he most infectious stage in pertussis isB A. Catarrhal stage
#. ,rodomal stage C. ,aroxysmal stage D. Convalescent stage
p. 23'
&. egarded as a "# mar4er in the diagnosis of tuberculous effusionB A. Ga%%a inter#eron
#. A+# smear
C. Caseation necrosis D. ,,D positivity
p. -8
6. ,resence of immunity to C. diphtheriae is indicated byB A. ,ositive ele4 test
B. 'egati+e ele8 test C. ,ositive schic4 test D. /egatice schic4 test
8. (hich of the folloing is M9%" li4ely ac7uired from caves* A. #lastomycosis B. 4isto"las%osis C. Coccidioidomycosis D. ,aracoccidioidomycosis p. 62
3. Asteroid bodies are seen tissue infected ith A. ,. verrucosa
#. ,. boydii C. S. shen8ii D. $. loboi
p. 6'
. "he agents of chromomycosis are seen in infected tissues as A. Intracellular yeast
#. ranules
C. Sleroti bodies D. Cigar5shaped bodies
p. 6'&
&-. (hich of the folloing is /9" dimorphic* A. ,. boydii
#. . capsulatum C. S. shen8ii D. C. immitis
p. 6'6
&1. "he agent of blastomycosis are seen in infected tissues as A. Intracellular yeast
B. Single budding yeast C. Multiple budding yeast D. Cigar5shaped bodies
p. 62
&2. "he physician closely monitored the patientFs serum creatinine and ion levels. "he patient is ta4ing certain anti5fungal drug. (hat possible antifungal agent may affect the renal function of this patient*
A. etocona)ole #. "erbinafine C. riseofulvin !. A%"hoteriin B
p. 6&'
&'. "he primary site of echovirus multiplication in the human host is A. "he muscular system
B. The ali%entary trat C. "he anterior horn cells D. "he respiratory system
&. (hich of the folloing properties of polioviruses is not shared by rhinovirus* A. Icosahedral symmetry
#. esistance to lipid solvents C. /a4ed virus
!. Stability at aid "4 "4-.( p. 3
&&. %egmented: double5stranded /A genome that is a common cause of viral gastroenteritis* A. Astrovirus #. /oral4 virus C. Calicivirus !. Rota+irus pp. &-&5&-8
&6. Diagnostic of Congenital rubella is the demonstration of rubella antibodies li4eB A. Maternal IgM
B. 'eonatal IgM C. /eonatal IgA D. Maternal IgA
p. &63
&8. A viral cause of nephropathy in immunocompromised patient is A. uman papillomavirus: all types
#. uman papillomavirus: lo5ris4 types C. epatitis C
!. Polyo%a+irus B< pp. &35&
&3. (hich of the folloing individuals may be at increased ris4 of ac7uiring and IE infection*
A. A pregnant mother ith a seafarers husband #. A secretary at an AID% institute
C. A doctor ith a colleague that is IE positive
!. A %ale elebrity 6ho has %ulti"le se1ual "artner inluding a "rostitute pp. 6165618
&. "ype of papillomavirus that is commonly associated ith cervical carcinoma A. "ype 1
#. "ype 6 C. "ype !. Ty"e =>
p. 6-1
6-. ,rogressive Multifocal leu4uencepalopathy is associated ith a virus that is described as ;;.
A. ssD/A: icosahedral: na4ed #. dsD/A: helical: enveloped C. ds!'A) iosahedral) na8ed
61. (hich of the folloing virus that can enter a s4in through abrasions* A. Adenovirus #. ,olyomavirus C. Pa"illo%a+irus D. hinovirus p. &
62. A 65year old child had recently had fifth disease. er '5year old mother subse7uently developed a rash and arthalgia. (hich one of the folloing best describes the causative agent*
A. It has the same si)e as poxvirus #. It has a helical symmetry
C. Inactivated by ether
!. A single*stranded !'A geno%e pp. 1516
6'. IE is a retrovirus. A retrovirus is a A. Cause tumors in mouse
#. Contain a D/A genome
C. Cause rapidly progressive neurological disease !. Multi"lies in the nuleus
p. 6-&
6. Most common cause of post transfusion hepatitis A. AE
#. #E C. 4C, D. DE
p. 66
6&. %ite of latent infections is at the sacral gangliaB A. %E 1
B. 4S, 3 C. 0#E D. CME
pp. ''5'
66. (hich of the folloing viruses can establish a latent infection* A. ,oxviruses
#. ubella viruses C. 4er"es+iruses D. Coronaviruses
p. '81
68. A 2'5year5old medical student experienced fever: sore throat: and lymphadenopathy. "hese ere accompanied by lymphocytosis and atypical cells in the blood smear. "rue statement regarding the causative agent
A. the maor target cell of the virus is the " lymphocyte #. the agent multiplies in the cytoplasm
C. it can be transmitted thru direct contact ith the lesion !. it "ossess a double*stranded !'A geno%e
63. "he folloing hepatitis # mar4er is indicative of active viral replication A. #sAg B. 4BeAg C. Anti5 #s D. Anti5 #e p. 63
6. "he habitat is the large intestine. A. 0ntamoeba gingivalis
B. 5nta%oeba histolytia C. iardia lamblia
D. /aegleria foleri p. 1-
8-. "he infective stage of 0ntamoeba histolytica to man has A. ,seudopodia
#. Ingested red blood cells C. Bull9s eye 8aryoso%e
D. ,ointed chromatoidal bodies pp. 1-'51-
81. "he most commonly involved area in Amoebiasis is the A. #rain
B. Ceu% C. $iver
D. ecto5sigmoid region pp. 1-351-
82. "here is no increase in the number of nuclei of A. Balantidiu% oli
#. 0ntamoeba coli C. 0ntamoeba D. iardia lamblia
p. 21&
8'. "issue invasion is relatively slo and tends to stimulate granuloma formation A. Aantha%oeba astellanii
#. #alantidium coli
C. 0ntamoeba histolytica D. /aegleria foleri
p. 12
8. Mos7uito vector of Malaria in the ,hilippines is A. Aedes aegypti
B. Ano"heles #la+irostris C. Culex 7uin7uefasciatus D. Mansonia annulata
8&. "here is secondary exo5erythrocytic phase in A. Benign tertian %alaria
#. Malignant tertian malaria C. Guartan malaria
D. %ub5tertian malaria p. 188
86. "he duration of the 0rythrocytic5%chi)ogonic Cycle is 82 hours. A. A. #enign tertian malaria
#. Malignant tertian malaria C. ?uartan %alaria
D. %ub5tertian malaria pp. 13511
88. "he gametocytes of the organism are described as banana or crescent5shaped. A. Plas%odiu% #ali"aru%
#. ,lasmodium malariae C. ,lasmodium ovale D. ,lasmodium vivax
pp.
13351-83. ,roduces rectal prolapse in heavy infection especially among children A. Capillaria philippinensis
#. "richinella spiralis C. Trhuris trihiura D. Ascaris lumbricoides
p. 2'
8. #achman intradermal test H enodiagnosis are use for the diagnosis of infection cause by
A. Capillaria philippinensis B. Trihinella s"iralis C. "rchuris trichiura D. Ascaris lumbricoides
p. 2'
3-. "he most common cause of reeping 0ruption or Cutaneous $arva Migran A. Anytosto%a bra@iliense
#. 0nterobius vermicularis C. %trongyloides stercoralis D. toxocara canis
p. 231
31. "he most common cause of Eisceral $arva Migran A. Ancylostoma bra)iliense
#. 0nterobius vermicularis C. %trngyloides stercolaris !. To1oara anis
32. ,roduces autoinfection to man A. Ancylostoma duodenale
#. Ascaris lumbricoides C. /ecator americanus
!. Strongyloides sterolaris p. 2&6
3'. (hat parasite produces Iron deficiency anemia to man* A. Ascaris lumbricoides
B. 'eator a%erianus C. %trongyloides stercolaris D. "richuris trichiura
p. 23
3. Associated ith /octrunal ,ruritus Ani. A. Ascaris lumbricoides
B. 5nterobius +er%iularis C. /ecator americanus
D. "richuris trichiura p. '-
3&. raham %cotch tape techni7ue is used for the diagnosis of the infection caused by A. A. Ascaris lumbricoides
B. 5nterobius +er%iularis C. /ecator americanus
D. "richuris trichiura p. '-&
36. (hat parasite suc4s and ingests blood* A. Anylosto%a duodenale #. Ascaris lumbricoides
C. 0nterobius vermicularis D. "richuris trichiura
p. 23
38. (hat parasite shos "ramay sign in the 5ray* A. Asaris lu%brioides
#. 0nterobius vermicularis C. /ecator americanus D. "richuris trichiura
p. '18
33. "he infective stage of the parasite is found in crabs or crayfishes A. Clonorchis sinensis
#. 0chinostoma ilocanum C. +asciola hepatica
!. Paragoni%us 6ester%ani p. 6&
3. (hat parasite is associated ith neoplasm of the biliary duct or cancer of the liver* A. Clonorhis sinensis #. +asciola hepatica C. 9pisthorchis felineus D. ,aragonimus estermani p. 88
-. (hat parasite produces infection that stimulates tuberculosis* A. Clonorchis sinensis
#. +asciola hepatica C. 9pisthorchis felineus
!. Paragoni%us 6ester%ani pp. 68563
1. (hat is the infective stage of %chistosoma to man* A. Cerariae
#. 0mbryonated egg C. Metacerciae
D. Miracidium p. 18
2. Molluscan host of %chistosoma in the ,hilippines is A. Australorbis mystax
#. #iomphalaria alexandrina C. Coxiella burnetii
!. Ono%elania :uadrasi p. 16
'. $aboratory procedure that ma4es use of the egg in the test is A. C+"
#. C C. COPT D. Casoni test
p.
88-. "he infective of Diphyllobothrium latum to man to produce adult infection is the A. Cysticercoid larva
#. Cysticercus larva C. ,rocercoid larva !. S"arganu% lar+a
p. 8
&. ,roduces 9cular cysticercosis to man A. Dipylidium caninum
#. "aenia saginata C. Taenia soliu% D. ymenolepis nana
6. $ateral uterine branches in gravid proglottid are counted for diagnosis of infection cause by
A. Diphyllobothrium latum #. Dipylidium caninum C. ymenolepsis nana !. Teania saginata
p. &22
8. "aenia saginata is associated ith A. Cat
B. Cattle C. Dog D. ,ig
p. &21
3. Jltrasound and MI usually help in the diagnosis of the infection cause by A. Dipylidium caninum
B. 5hinoous granulosus C. ymenolepis diminuta
D. ymenolepis nan p. &'2
. "his organism produces a blue5green pigment and therefore produces a characteristic blue5green pus.
A. %taph aureus
B. Pseudo%onas aeruginosa C. Aspergillus fumigatus
!. %trep. pyogenes
,seudomonas aeruginosa produce pyocyanin pigment Kc is blue green in color and also has antibiotic5li4e characteristics against some bacteria
eferenceB Linsser p. &88
=. 0ach of the folloing statements concerning the surface structures of bacteria is correct 0C0,"B
A. ,ili mediate the interaction of bacteria ith mucosal epithelium B. ,olysaccharides capsules retard phagocytosis
C. #oth gram negative rods and cocci have polysaccharides =endotoxin in their cell all>
!. Baterial #lagella are not antigeni in hu%ans
#acterial flagella are made of proteins and are useful in distinguishing serovars or variation of gram negative bacteria such as 0. coli . antigens %al. .antigens.
eferenceB Linsser. Chapter '
==. "he most common site of asymptomatic gonococcal infection in omen is theB A. Eagina
B. Myometrium C. Jrethra !. 5ndoer+i1
"he columnar epithelial cells here are the ones that are being infected by /. gonorrhea.=A>. Eaginal alls composed of stratified s7uamous epithelial cells hich are not coloni)ed. =#> and =C> are not affected.
eferenceB Linsser p. &6
=3. "he folloing etiologic agents are 4non to cause diarrhea 0C0,"B A. Clostridium perfringens
B. otavirus C. E. cholera
!. Proteus +ulgaris
,rotues vulgaris produce urinary tract infection. C. clostridium perfringens diarrhea thru itFs invasiveness so blood and mucus is => E. cholera5produced diarrhea by virtue of enterotoxin. otavirus most common cause of viral
gastroenteritis in small children. eferenceB Linsser p. &&2
=-. A 2- year old male developed a carbuncle ith surrounding cellulitis. ram stain revealed gram positive cocci: catalase and coagulase positive. (hich of the folloing antibiotics is initially appropriate for this patient*
A. Eancomycin B. Clo1aillin C. Cefriaxone !. ,enicillin
-N of %. aureus strains are resistant to penicillin because pf production of plasmid5derived O5lactamses. %uch organisms can be treated ith O5
lactamase5resistant penicillin such as cloxacillin or dicloxacillin oxacillin.
9xacillin and /afcillin have unpredictable absorption by oral route: thus is not recommended
eferenceB Linsser p. 12
=2. (hich of the folloing features help distinguish group A streptococcus from other streptococcal species*
A. Baitrain suse"tibility B. #ile solubility
C. 9ptochin sensitivity
!. roth inhibition in 6.& N /aCl
roup A streptococcus is a O5hemolytic streptococcus and can usually be distinguished from the other O5hemolytics by its bacitracin susceptibility or by precipitation ith specific anti sera =against its P$ancefrield antigenP>. #ile solubility test and optochin test distinguishes the $5hemolytic streptococci: %. pneumoniae is bile soluble and optochin sensitive. Among the hemolytic streptococci: %. viridans groth is inhibited by 6.&N /aCl hile 0nterococcus species gros in 6.&N /aCl.
eferenceB Linsser p. 1
=. (hich of the folloing Clostridia cause gangrene* A. Clostridium tetani
B. Clostridium botulinum C. Clostridiu% "er#ringens !. Clostridium difficile
C. tetani causes loc4a. C. botilinum causes botulism. C. difficile causes antibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis. C. perfringens cause gasgangrene and +ood poisoning.
=. "his gram positive rod is usually associated ith bacterial vaginosis producing malodorous vaginal discharge and Pclue cellsP
A. 0rysipelothrix rhusopathiae B. $actobacillus acidophilus C. Gardenella +aginalis !. ,ropionibacterium acnes
0. rhusopathiae causes erysipeloid s4in infection that resembles erysipelas occurring among meat and fish handlers. $. acidphilus is normal flora of genital tract and is the main source of lactic acid. ,. acnes produces lipase hich contributes to the genesis of acne.
eferenceB Linsser p. 6-56-&
=/. (hich of the folloing organisms is M9%" li4ely to involve invasion of the intestinal mucosa.
A. Eibrio cholera B. Shigella sonnei
C. 0nterotoxigenic 0. coli !. Clostridium botulinum
%higella sonnei is the only invasive: presence of blood and mucus in the stool. Clostridium botilinum : E. cholera and 0nterotoxigenic 0. coli causes diarrhea by producing enterotoxin
eferenceB Linsser p. &61
=>. +ood poisoning that produces gastrointestinal symptoms approximately 152 hours after eating is most li4ely to be due toB
A. %almonella enteritidis B. Campylobacter euni C. Clostridium perfringens !. Sta"h. aureus
%taph aureus Q the incubation period is 152 hrs. after ingestion of
contaminated food. %al. enteritidis Q 6 hrs. Q 2 days. Campylobcacter Q 3 hrs. Q l day. C. perfringens Q 3 hrs. Q 12 hrs. #acillus aureus Q 3 hrs. Q 12 hrs. E. cholera Q 2 Q ' days. E. parahaemolyticus Q 3 hrs. Q 2 days
eferenceB Linsser p. 12
=. A '- year old pregnant oman had a normal delivery but the fetus as stillborn. C%+ examination shoed positive rods. "he pathogen is most li4elyB
A. Listeria %onoytogenes B. ardenerella vaginalis C. roup # %treptococcus !. %taphylococcus aureus
$isteria monocytogenes is a gram positive rod and can infect pregnant omen and poses the threat of stillbirth or serious damage to the fetus and also cause neurological disease. ardenella vaginalis gives rise to frothy: fishy odor vaginal discharge: it can also cause premature births and lo5birth5 eight infants.
==. (hich of these organisms is a maor pathogen for nosocomial infections because of its ubi7uitous present in the hospital environment*
A. %taph. Aureus B. %taph. 0pidermidis C. %erratia marcescens
!. Pseudo%onas aeroginosa
,seudomonas aeruginosa: %. aureus 5 yello gold pigment hen cultured at room temperature. %: epidermidis 5 hite pigment hen cultured at room temperature. %erratia marcescens 5 red pigment
eferenceB Linsser p. &88
===. An individual experiences severe diarrhea after eating sushi =ra fish> in a (est Coast restaurant. "he most probable etiologic agent isB
A. Rersenia enterocolitica B. %almonella enteritidis C. %higella sonnei
!. ,ibrio "arahae%olytius
Eibrio parahaemolyticus 5 is a salt loving organism and found in fishes. %almonella enteritidis 5 found in chic4en: pig. Rersenia enterocolitica5 reserviors rodents
eferenceB Linsser p. &81
==3. (hen symptoms to typhoid fever first become apparent: %almonella typhi is most fre7uently isolated fromB
A. +eces B. Jrine C. Blood
!. #one marro
#lood 5 on the first ee4 of infection: +eces 5 second ee4. Jrine 5 third ee4.
eferenceB Linsser p. &6'
==-. "he area in the body here %almonella typhi resides if one is a chronic carrier A. small intestine
B. 4idney
C. blood stream !. gall bladder
all bladder 5 here organisms are found and are excreted in the stool and urine of the chronic carrier of %almonella.
eferenceB Linsser p. &62
==2. A ' year old boy as diagnose to have meningitis C%+ culture on Chocolate agar shoed groth of small gram negative rods. "he most probable etiologic agent isB
A. /. meningitides B. %. aureus
C. roup # %treptococcus !. 4. in#luen@ae ty"e b
. influen)ae type b 5 is the most commonly isolated etiologic gram negative rods causing meningitis. /. meningtidis 5 gram negative plo. roup # %trep 5 gram positive cocci.
==. Among the gram negative rods producing gastroenteritis: the most infectious isB A. E. cholera
B. 0. coli =-1&8> C. %al. "yphimurium
!. Shig. !ysenteriae ty"e =
%higella 5 only 2-- cells is enough to cause diarrhea hile A5C you need to 1- ' 5 1- & cells to produce infection.
eferenceB "ortora et al
==. ,neumococci primarily cause disease byB A. toxin production
B. en)yme production
C. eluding "hagoytosis and #a+oring in+asi+eness !. producing delayed immunologic reaction
,neumococci does not produce toxins and en)ymes. Capsules are virulence factors hich interfere ith phagocytosis and favoring invasiveness.
eferenceB Linsser p. '&
==/. "he formation of pseudomembrane in diphtheria is due toB
A. inhibitions by to1in o# "rotein synthesis by A!P ribosyslation o# 5D*3 B. spores hich spread subcutaneously
C. invasion of mononuclear phagocytic cells
!. neutrali)ation of exotoxin by antibody of bloc4ing the interaction of fragment # ith receptors
Diphtheria toxin inhibits protein synthesis of eu4aryotic cells thereby causing cell death. ,seudomembrane formation is due to accumulation of necrotic tissue.
eferenceB Linsser p. 33
==>. $yme disease is an endemic inflammatory disorder ith this distinctive s4in disorder. A. Chronic dermatitis
#. erythema marginatum
C. erythe%a hroniu% %igrans D. ecthyma gangrenosum
0rythema chronicum migrans is a tic45borne associated syndrome. eferenceB $ippincott Illustrated evie in Microbiology p. 22&
==. %erology in the diagnosis of %yphilis using a non5treponemal tests is the folloing 0C0,"B
A. Microhemagglutination assay
B. ,enereal !isease Researh Laboratory C. +luorescent Antibody "ests
!. eiter ,rotein Complement +ixation
"o different types of test are used. /on5treponemal tests detects
(asserman or reagenic antibodies! a fe examples of the nontreponemal tests include ED$: automated regin: ahn: plasmacrit: inton and line tests. "reponemal tests detect antibodies specific for treponemal antigens! they include +"ASA#%: ". pallidium immunoboli)ation and hemagglutination tests.
=3. Mycoplasmas are very pleomorphic and cannot be classified as to shape because they lac4 the folloingB
A. Pe"tidoglyan B. lipid bilayer C. nucleus
!. lipopolysaccharide
$ac4ing cell alls: mycoplasmas are enclosed instead by a membrane
composed of a lipid bilayer. "hey are therefore plastic and very pleomorphic. eferenceB Linsser p. 8''
=3=. A definitive identification of M. tuberculosis can be obtained by doing the folloing procedure*
A. Liehl5/eelsen stain B. ADB Culture
C. #iopsy of "uberculin test !. /ucleic acid amplification
Cultures can detect small numbers of organism in the original sample. "he presence of Acid5fast organism on Liehl /eelsen cannot distinguish on morphologic groups M. tuberculosis from the other mycobacteria that are saprophytic. /ucleic acid amplification utili)es en)ymes that rapidly I% ribosomal /A hich can be used for patients ith positive smears and hile culture results are pending.
eferenceB $ippincott Illustrated evie for Microbiology p. 2&1
=33. ifamficin a broad antimicrobial agent is effective treatment for tuberculosis byB A. selective inhibition of the biosynthesis of the arabinogalactan and lipo5
arabinomannan
B. mediating drug permeability and efflux
C. Inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis by bloc4ing action of D5alanise synthesis !. binding to R'A "oly%erase thereby inter#ering 6ith %R'A synthesis
ifamficin is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent that acts the interferring ith the synthesis of m/A by binding to /A polymerase. %elective inhibitions by ethamentol of the biosynthesis of arabinogalactan and
lipoarabinomannan: 4ey structural components of the mycobacterial cell all. Cyclosine inhibits synthesis of peptidoglycan by bloc4ing the action of the D5 alanine synthetase.
eferenceB "ortora p. &61
=3-. In primary disease: M. tuberculosis survives and gros ithin these host cells A. %aro"hages
B. basophils C. neutrophils !. eosinophils
M. tuberculosis may continue to survive and remain dormant in activated macrophages here it is protected from phagocytosis
eferenceB $ippincott Illustrated evie of Microbiology p. 28
=32. Members of the genus ic4ettsia are morphologically H biochemically similar to A. gram5positive bacteria
B. gra% negati+e bateria C. clostridia
ic4ettsias are short5rod shaped or cocci bacillary organisms measuring -.3 to 2.- um long
eferenceB $ippincott Illustrated evie of Microbiology p. 2& =3. "he hallmar4 of viral infection of the cell is the production of
A. inclusion bodies
B. multinucleated giant cells C. yto"athi e##et
!. granule formation
"he hallmar4 of viral infection of the cell is the cytopathic effect. "his change begin ith a rounding and dar4ening of the cell and culminates in either lysis or giant cell formation. Infected cells fre7uently contain inclusion bodies hich are discrete areas containing viral particles.
eferenceB Linsser p. '
=3. "he complete infectious forms of epatitis # isB A. #eAg
B. !ane "artiles C. #sAg
!. #cAg
"he Dane particle is the complete form of epatitis # hereas the antigens are subunit forms of the surface and core of the virus.
eferenceB Linsser p.
1--=3/. (hich of the folloing virusKes containKs emagglutinin on its surface* A. epatitis #
B. epatitis C C. In#luen@a +irus !. all of the above
"he antigen hemagglutinin is characteristic of Influen)a virus. eferenceB Linsser p. &
=3>. In their multiplication: they produce D/A hich is integrated into the cell genome. A. 4e"adna+irus
B. eovirus C. ,icornavirus !. erpesvirus
epadnavirus transforms non5permissive cells by integration of D/A transcripts into host cell genome. "hey carry an /A5dependent D/A polymerase =reverse transcriptase>.
eferenceB Linsser p.
31-=3. "he most common intrauterine viral infection is caused byB A. Cyto%egalo+irus
B. ubella C. Adenovirus !. erpes simplex
Cytomegalovirus accounts for the biggest T of intrauterine infection folloed by rubella.
=-. %mallpox as eradicated by the global use of vaccine hich containsB A. 4illed virus
B. attenuated li+e +irus C. preformed antibodies
!. preformed antibodies and live attenuated virus
%mallpox disease as eradicated by use of a live attenuated vaccine. $ive vaccine are used because duration of immunity is longer ith greater
effectiveness of protection: both IgA and Ig are elicited hen administered by the natural route of infection hich is intradermally here the virus
replicates. Cell mediated immunity is produced. eferenceB Linsser p.
=-=. "he most important laboratory test for the detection of early epatitis # virus infection isB A. i%%unoassay #or 4BsAg
B. immunoassay for #eAg C. immunoassay for Anti #c !. immunoassay for Anti #s
#sAg appears during the incubation period and is detectable in most
patients during the prodrome and acute phase! falls to undetectable levels during convalescence. #eAg arises during the incubation period and is present during the prodome and early acute disease. Its presence is an
important indicator of transmissibility. Anti #c is detectable during prodrome and acute disease. Anti #s is detectable during late convalescence.
eferenceB Linsser p. 1-'
=-3. A common upper respiratory tract disease produced by adenovirus isB A. hinitis
B. atypical pneumonia
C. "haryngoon$unti+itis !. parotitis
Adenoviruses cause a variety of upper and loer respiratory tract disease. ,haryngoconunctivitis is common.
eferenceB Linsser p.
8-=--. "he virus that is increasingly being recogni)ed as cause of nonbacterial infant diarrhea A. etrovirus
B. Rota+irus C. 9rbivirus !. Calicivirus
otavirus gastroenteritis is one of the most common childhood illness and a leading cause of infant deaths in developing countries.
eferenceB Linsser p. '
=-2. In the laboratory this protein from Influen)a virus agglutinates red blood cells hereas in vivo: it binds to the surface receptor of the host cell to initiate infection.
A. 4e%agglutinin B. /euramidase C. emolysin !. capsid antigen
"he Influen)a virus has an envelope covered ith 2 different spi4es
emagglutinatinin and neuramidase. emagglutination initiates infection in the host and in the lab causes agglutination of #CUs. /euramidase cleaves
neuramic acid =sialic acid> to release progeny virus from the infected cell. emolysin is from bacterial cells and causes hemolysis of #C.
eferenceB Linsser p. 883
=-. In the prevention of poliomyeletis: the use of oral vaccine is preferred becauseB A. indues intestinal IgA
B. induces humoral Ig
C. can produce lifelong immunity
!. can produce immunity to unimmuni)ed adults
"he oral vaccine or %abin vaccine hich is a live attenuated vaccine is preferred over the %al4 vaccine or 4illed vaccine because =1> it interrupts fecal5oral transmission by inducing secretory IgA in the I"! 4illed vaccine does not. #oth 4inds of vaccine induce humoral Ig. Infection provides lifelong type specific immunity.
eferenceB Linsser p. 31
=-. and5foot5and5mouth disease characteri)ed by versicular rash on the hands and feet and ulcerations in the mouth: mainly in children is caused byB
A. 0chovirus
B. ,arainfluen)a virus
C. Co1sa8ie +irus Grou" A !. Coxsac4ie virus roup #
0chovirus causes aseptic meningitis. ,arainfluen)a causes croup. Coxsac4ie # causes pleurodynia. Coxsac4ie A causes herpangina and hand5foot5and5 mouth disease.
eferenceB Linsser p. 88
=-/. "he most common fungal opportunistic infection is caused byB A. Aspergillus fumigatus
B. Cryptococcus neoformans C. Candida albians
!. Mucor
Candida albicans 5 it is endogenous: a lot of ris4 factors li4e pregnancy: diabetic person: prolonged used of antibiotic: used of birth control pills eferenceB Linsser p. 11'
=->. "he most common mode of infection of systemic fungi is thruB A. ingestion
B. traumatic implantation C. inhalation
!. all of the above
Inhalation of infectious particles =spores> hich are suspended in the air. eferenceB Linsser p. 1-1
=-. A & year old post 4idney transplant patient develop fever and pneumonia ith
mar4ed neutropenia. #ronchial ashing sho dichotomously branching filamentous fungi. "he fungi involved isB
A. sprorothrix B. cryptococcus C. candida !. as"ergillus
In immunocompromised patient: inhalation of spores of Aspergillus can lead to pneumonia and are seen as dichotomous branching hyphae
=filamentous>.
eferenceB Linsser p. 1128
=2. In a 8 year old malnourished boy ith multiple nematode infections: the most severe complication ill come fromB
A. Asaris lu%brioides B. "richuris trichiura
C. /ecator americanus !. 0nterobius vermicularis
Ascaris has a tendency to migrate to other openings causing more severe disease.
eferenceB #ron 6th ed. p. 11512: oberts and Vanovy p. 22
=2=. $oefflerFs syndrome can be seen in the folloing parasitic infections 0C0,"B A. Ascariasis
B. %trongyloidiasis C. /ecatoriasis !. Trihuriasis
$oefflerFs syndrome is eosinophilic lung. As the parasitic larvae =rhaditiform for Ascaris: filariform for %trongyloides and /ecator> travels to the pulmonary5 circulatory system: the body reacts ith an anaphylactic type of
hypersensitivity that produces the eosinophilic lung condition. "richuris does not have a pulmonary circulatory pathay.
eferenceB #ron 6th ed. p. 11: 126: 1'-! oberts H Vanovy p. '36: 22
=23. All cestodes re7uire an intermediate host 0C0,"B A. Diphyllobothrium latum
B. "aenia saginata C. 4y%enole"is nana
!. 0chinococcus granulosus
Man gets . nana infection by ingesting the eggs directly. All other cestodes re7uire an intermediate host
eferenceB #ron 6th ed. p. 12
=2-. Cysticercosis due to "aenia solium is ac7uired through ingestion ofB A. cysticercus larva
B. cysticercoid larva C. procercoid larva !. egg
A more dangerous se7uence can occurs hen a person ingests the egg of "aenia solium in contaminated food or ater rather than eating ra or
undercoo4ed por4 containing the larva cystercus. Cysticercoid larva pertains to D. caninum and . nana. ,rocercoid larva is for D. latum. "he ingested egg hatch in the small intestines and the oncopheres burro through the all into a blood vessel: here they can disseminate to many organs. "his
condition is called cysticercosis. eferenceB #ron 6th ed. p. 2-8
=22. "he infective stage to man of /ecator americanus isB A. rhabditiform larva
B. #ilari#or% lar+ae C. embryonated egg !. Microfilaria
+ilariform larvae of hoo4orms penetrate the s4in eferenceB oberts H Vanovy p.
1-=2. "his cestode possess a 7uadrate scolex ith circular suc4ers and no rostellum or hoo4letsB
A. Diphyllobothrium latum B. ymenolepis nana C. Taenia saginata
!. 0chinococcus granulosus
D. latum has an elongated scolex. . nana has a globular scolex ith suc4ers: a short retractile rostellum armed ith a single ro of hoo4lets. 0. granulosus has suc4ers ith a rostellum and a double ro of hoo4lets. eferenceB #ron 6th p. 1: oberts H Vanovy p. '''
=2. Amoebic abscess of the liver is mostly found in the A. left anteromedial lobe
B. right "osterosu"erior lobe C. inferior lobe
!. middle lobe
%pread of amoeba from the large intestines is by the portal vein and deposit on the right posterosuperior lobe
eferenceB Chatteree p. 2&
=2/. $ittle Voey as fre7uently sic4 of various infectious diseases. e as found to have lo CD lymphocytes titers. (hich of the folloing immune response processes ould still be functional in VoeyFs body*
A. " cell help for # lymphocytes
B. ecognition of peptide5MC complex
C. Phagoyti #untion #or #oreign %oleules !. "5dependent antigen recognition
"his is an innate natural cellular immune ability of the host to respond to foreign molecules hich is independent of the "h series.
eferenceB %tanley p. 2! 12
=2>. "he host immune response in viral infections is mostly byB A. "h cells
B. # cells C. T ells !. / cells
Eiral infections produce endogenous peptides hich are presented on the surface of cells in conunction ith MC Class 2. "hese are recogni)e primarily by "c cells. # cells are mostly for exogenous peptides that are antibody mediated mainly stimulated by "h cells hile the / cellsF maor activity is to directly destroy aberrant cells such as in cancer.
=2. A 4illed virus is the maor component of the vaccine against this pathogenic organism. A. measles
B. rubella C. mumps !. rabies
Measles: rubella: mumps vaccines contain living but attenuated virus =also for chic4enpox: %abin polio> abies vaccine =also for ep A: %al4 polio:
influen)a> contain 4illed or inactivated viruses. ep # vaccine contains
antigenic fragments of the virus usually using recombinant technology =yeast5 derived>. %ubunit vaccines are also used as in pertussis. "etanus and
diphtheria utili)e toxoids hich are inactivated toxins or antitoxins: antibodies against these. . influen)ae type b vaccine is conugated to a protein hich can be a diphtheria toxoid.
eferenceB "ortora p. &-2
=. Al4aline p in urine seen in ,roteus is due to its ability to split urea intoB A. '4- & C3
#. Cl H Ca C. Ca H Mg D. /a H Cl
AnserB A =pp.2-3>
==. It is responsible for 0scherichia coli causing meningitis in infants
A. antigen
#. $,%
C. < antigen D. 9 antigen
AnserB C =pp.2-3> =3. Ei antigen for %almonella typhi
A. penetrates epithelial lining of the intestinal tract
B. antigeni struture assoiated 6ith in+asi+eness C. interfere ith antibody binding to bacteria
D. confers a certain degree of immunity AnserB # =p 2->
=-. Initial recognition event for the activation of the alternative pathay A. C-b
#. C1 C. C
D. +actor D
AnserB A =p 1-3>
=2. "he characteristic morphologic feature of influen)a responsible for antigenic changes of the virus A. 0nvelope B. seg%ented geno%e C. capsid D. nucleic acid AnserB # =p '2->
=. eplicate in the cytoplasm of the host cell A. Adenovirus #. 9rthomyxovirus C. Po1+iruses D. IE AnserB C =p''2>
=. "he exudative lung parenchymal lesion ith lympadenopathy in primary tuberculosis infection is called A. tuberculosis #. granuloma C. ghon o%"le1 D. fibrotic lesion AnserB C =p283>
=/. (hich of the folloing statementKs is correct regarding neonatal herpes A. infections are almost alays asymptomatic
B. %ost o%%on route o# in#etion is thru ontat 6ith her"eti lesion during +aginal deli+ery
C. causes latent infection !. usually cause by %E 1
AnserB # =p'86>
=>. An 13 year old college student developed fever folloed by aundice. Acute viral
hepatitis as entertained. esults of the hepatitis profile are as follosB anti5AE IgM =5>: anti5bsAg =5>: anti5#c IgM =>: anti5#c Ig negative. e most probably hasB
A. epatitis A B. 4e"atitis B
C. epatitis C
D. epatitis 0
AnserB # = p 1->
=. A 21 yKo male ith history of sexual contact days ago resents ith painful urination and purulent penile discharge. (hich of the folloing is most li4ely*
A. primary syphilis #. genital herpes C. gonorrhea
D. lymphogranuloma venerum AnserB C =p2&>
=. A 1 and half yKo boy developed fever: cory)a and cough folloed days later by maculopapular rashes starting from the hairline and becoming generali)ed. +ever persisted. "he most li4ely etiology is aKan
A. R'A +irus #. D/A virus
C. gram positive coccus D. gram negative bacillus
==. A neonate is born ith the folloing featuresB microcephaly: aundice: poor suc4 and chorioretinitis. A congenital infection is entertained. "he most common congenital infection is due toB
A. Chlamydia #. IE
C. CM, D. %E
AnserB C = p '32>
=3. A 2 month old girl as brought to you because of mil4 curd5li4e lesions in the mouth noted for a ee4. "he hitish lesions ere adherent to the oral mucosa ith pinpoint bleeding hen the mother tried to remove them. "his is caused by
A. herpes simplex 1 #. Coxsac4ie A C. albians D. neoformans
AnserB C = p &&->
=-. A 2' yKo office or4er found out that his sexual partner had IE infection. "he screening procedure of choice for IE infection is
A. ,C B. 4I, 5lisa C. estern blot D. northern blot AnserB # =p &2&>
=2. A 6 month old baby has acute atery diarrhea. (hich of the folloing is the most common cause of diarrhea in this age group*
A. 0"0C
B. Rota+irus
C. 0,0C D. E. cholerae AnserB # = p'>
=. A health or4er ho did not receive prior mumps vaccine developed parotid selling and fever. "he folloing belongs to the same virus family as mumps virus
A. A. german measles B. RS,
C. Influen)a
D. Vapanese # virus AnserB # = p 81>
=. A 2& yr old saleslady developed high fever: chills and cough. 9n ,0 she had crac4ling rales on the right lung base. "he diagnosis is pneumonia. "he most common bacterial cause of this condition in this age group isB
A. %. aureus #. /. meningitidis
C. S. "neu%oniae
D. emophilus influen)ae AnserB C = p 21'>
=/. Infection ith this organism is the most common ris4 factor for cervical CA A. IE #. /. gonorrhea C. 4P, D. %E 2 AnserB C = p&12>
=>. Most common cause of J"I in omen is characteri)ed by A. Jrease production
B. fruity odor on culture C. greenish %etalli sheen !. sarming phenomenon AnserB C = p 21>
=. (hich of the folloing laboratory tests can be used to monitor response to treatment in syphilis* A. +"A5A#% B. ,!RL C. Dar4field microscopy !. 0$I%A AnserB # = p 238>
=/. An encapsulated fungi that causes meningitis is A. . capsulatum
B. neo#or%ans C. C albicans D. immitis
AnserB # = p &&2>
=/=. "he folloing statements are true regarding /. meningitidis A. it is the only specie that is oxidase positive
B. o1idi@es %altose and gluose C. oxidi)es glucose only
D. it is the only gram negative specie AnserB # =p2&6>
=/3. "he folloing statements are true about %. aureus A. it is catalase negative
B. an serete "re#or%ed to1ins C. prefers anaerobic condition !. cannot gro in 8.&N /AC$
AnserB # =p.1>
=/-. "oxic shoc4 syndrome secondary to %taphylococcus tend to commonly cause infection among
A. ta%"on users #. asthamtics C. IE drug users D. infants
=/2. A 1 year old male has high fever for a ee4: tonsillitis: hepatosplenomegaly and cervical lymphadenopathy. ,eripheral smear shos 1-N atypical lymphocytes. "he most li4ely diagnosis isB
A. %treptococcal sore throat #. leu4emia
C. in#etious %ononuleosis D. diphtheria
AnserB C =p '36>
=/. %treptococcal sore throat is definitively diagnosed by A. A%9 titer
B. throat s6ab ulture
C. rapid antigen testing from throat sab D. ram stain
AnserB # =p 21->
=/. (hich of the folloing: hen positive: indicates an acute 0pstein5#arr virus infection* A. anti50#/A
#. anti5ECA Ig C. anti*,CA IgM D. anti50#E D/A
AnserB C =p '33>
=//. "he hallmar4 of Dengue emorrhagic +ever is A. thrombocytopenia
#. shoc4
C. "las%a loss
D. positive tourni7uet test AnserB C =p &2>
=/>. Dengue virus has ho many serotypes* A. one
#. to C. three !. #our
AnserB D = p &2>
=/. "he most common vector of Dengue virus is = p &2> A. Anopheles minimus
#. Mansonia sp. C. Aedes aegy"ti D. Aedes albopictus
=>. A 1 year old girl has high fever for four days: cory)a: hac4ing cough and poor
appetite. 9n ,0: she has congested pharynx and opli4Fs spots. "he causative agent of this condition
A. is a D/A virus
#. has three serotypes
C. belongs to the "ara%y1o+irus #a%ily D. has double5stranded /A
=>=. (hich of the folloing diseases is currently vaccine5preventable* A. cytomegalic inclusion disease
B. Ger%an %easles C. Dengue fever D. epatitis C
AnserB # = p 3&>
=>3. A 2- year old male developed fever: vomiting and poor appetite for four days folloed by aundice. A diagnosis of viral hepatitis is entertained. "he results of the hepatitis profile are as follosB positive anti5AE IgM: negative anti5 #sAg: positive #sAg: negative anti5#c IgM. (hich is correct*
A. The "atient has aute 4e"atitis A and is %ost li8ely a 4e"atitis B arrier B. e has acute epatitis #
C. e has acute epatitis C
!. e does not have acute viral hepatitis AnserB A = p 11>
=>-. "he protective antibody folloing immuni)ation against epatitis # is A. anti5#c IgM
#. anti5#c Ig C. anti*4BsAg D. anti5CE
AnserB C = p 1&>
=>2. (hich of the folloing agents of viral hepatitis is fecal5oral in transmission and causes more severe disease in pregnant omen*
A. epatitis A
B. epatitis #
C. epatitis C !. 4e"atitis 5
AnserB D = p -3>
=>. #ovine spongiform encephalopathy =mad co disease> is caused by an agent hich has the folloing characteristic
A. double5stranded D/A #. single5stranded /A C. double5stranded /A
!. does not ontain nulei aid AnserB D = p &-->
=>. uman influen)a virus hich undergoes antigenic shift and can cause pandemics A. in#luen@a A
B. influen)a # C. influen)a C
!. highly5pathogenic avian flu AnserB A =p 6'>
=>/. +etal hydrops is a prominent complication of maternal infection ith A. rubella B. "ar+o+irus B= C. measles D. cytomegalovirus AnserB # = p '&8>
=>>. An 3 month old girl developed high fever for three days but as otherise playful. 9n the fourth day: fever as gone but she had maculopapular rashes on the face
hich rapidly spread all over the body. "his common disease is caused by A. measles virus
B. hu%an her"es+irus C. parvovirus #1
!. rubella virus
AnserB # = p'3>
=>. A 22 year old sex care or4er anted to be tested for human immunodeficiency virus =IE>. (hat test ould you initially recommend*
A. (estern blot B. 4I, 5lisa C. CDBCD3 ratio !. ED$
AnserB # = p &26>
=. IE infection causes the ratio of CD to CD3 " cell ratio to fall. CD " cells are also called A. " cytotoxic cells B. cytolytic " cells C. T hel"er ells !. suppressor " cells AnserB C =p &21>
==. "he maor function of CD3 " lymphocytes is
A. to 8ill ells in#eted by intraellular "athogens li8e +iruses B. antibody5dependent cellular cytotoxicity
C. opsoni)ation !. phagocytosis
AnserB A =p 116>
=3. A one and a half year old boy has recurrent bacterial pneumonia and middle ear infection. An antibody deficiency is entertained. Antibodies are produced in large 7uantities by A. # lymphocytes B. " lymphocytes C. "las%a ells !. mast cells AnserB C =p 12&>
=-. Immunoglobulins aid phagocytosis because they can bind to phagocytes via A. +ab receptors B. D ree"tors C. CD receptors !. C'b receptors AnserB # = p 12&>
=2. "he folloing virusKviruses exhibitKs latency in nerve ganglia A. smallpox virus
B. hi8en"o1 +irus C. cytomegalovirus !. adenovirus
AnserB # =p '83>
=. A virus hich infects # lymphocytes by attaching to the latterFs complement eceptors
A. cytomegalovirus B. 5"stein*Barr +irus
C. Vapanese # encephalitis virus !. IE
AnserB # = p '36>
=. A 1 year old infant had exposure to a caregiver ith cavitary tuberculosis. Chest x5ray as negative. Mantoux test done shoed induration of 12 mm after 2 days. "he Mantoux tuberculin test result is an example of
A. "ype I hypersensitivity B. "ype II hypersensitivity
C. delayed*ty"e hy"ersensiti+ity !. Arthus reaction
AnserB C = p 1'->
=/. "he folloing are characteristics of M. tuberculosis
A. have minimal lipid content in their cell all B. cannot be gron on artificial media
C. retain arbol#uhsin dye a#ter e1"osure to aid*alohol !. appear as round chains on ram stain
AnserB C = p2&>
=>. %ubacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a late complication of infection ith this virus A. Earicella
B. Rubeola
C. (est /ile virus !. poliovirus
=. A neborn presents ith lethargy: purpura: chorioretinitis and pulmonary infiltrates. (hich of the folloing could be a cause of this syndrome*
A. Amebiasis B. Candidiasis
C. Cyto%egalo+irus !. uman papillomavirus
A/%B C
Medical Microbiology by Vaet).:2'rd edition: page &
3. (hich one of the folloing is a subcellular structure that is found only in ram negative bacteria* A. endospores B. li"o"olysaharide C. mitochondria !. phosphatidylethanolamine A/%B #
Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 23
3=. (hich one of the folloing statements best describes a function of the peptidoglycan layer in bacteria*
A. The ability o# bateria to sur+i+e hanges in the os%olarity o# their en+iron%ent is due to the "hysial "ro"erties o# the "e"tidoglyan layer.
B. "he peptidoglycan layer contains all the en)ymes responsible for the synthesis of membrane phospholipids.
C. "he peptidoglycan layer protects bacteria from the effects of ultraviolet light.
!. "he peptidolgycan layer renders ram negative bacteria resistant to detergents.
A/%B A
Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 22
33. . (hich one of the folloing structures is responsible for the passage of lo molecular eight solutes through the outer membrane of ram negative bacteria*
A. capsules B. endospores C. flagella !. "orins A/%B D
Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 28
3-. Rour patient: suffering from a bacterial infection: receives a penicillin inection and almost immediately experiences respiratory distress and loses consciousness. "his reaction is M9%" $I0$R mediated by
A. complement.
#. CD3 cytolytic " cells. C. macrophages.
!. %ast ells. A/%B D
1-32. (hich one of these statements explains the origin of h antibodies in the blood of an h5negative mother*
A. "hey are naturally occurring in the blood of all h5negative persons. #. "hey are received through mis5matched blood transfusions.
C. They are synthesi@ed by the %other in res"onse to Rh*"ositi+e ells #ro% her #irst hild.
D. "hey are transferred from the h5positive father during intercourse. A/%B C
Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 1'&
3. (hich one of the folloing bacterial pathogens re7uires selective culture conditions for reliable isolation from the stool: including media ith antibiotics and incubation at 2 C in increased C92*
A. Ca%"ylobater $e$uni
B. 0nterohemorrhagic 0scherichia coli C. %almonella sp.
!. %higella sp. A/%B A
Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 28'
3. 11. (hich one of the folloing is considered facultatively intracellular for human macrophages*
A. 0nteroinvasive 0scherichia coli B. 0nterotoxigenic 0scherichia coli C. Sal%onella ty"hi
!. %higella sp. A/%B C
Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 2&3
3/. A 2-5year5old female presents ith severe pelvic pain: fever: nausea and vomiting. %he as on the second day of her menstrual cycle. A purulent cervical discharge as
detected upon physical examination. 9xidase positive: ram5negative diplococci ere isolated on "hayer Martin agar from the endocervical sab. (hat is the M9%" $I0$R identity of this organism*
A. #ordetella pertussis #. Chlamydia trachomatis C. aemophilus ducreyi !. 'eisseria gonorrhoeae
A/%B D
Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 2&
3>. A large outbrea4 of food poisoning occurred at a company picnic. 0ighty people reported explosive vomiting and diarrhea ithin ' hours after eating. All of the victims recovered ithin 2 hours ithout medical intervention. /o 4non bacterial or viral pathogens ere isolated from the stool of affected individuals. A survey of the food eaten at the picnic suggested that potato salad as the common source of the
poisoning. "he individual ho prepared the salad had a sty on her left eye. (hich one of the folloing is the M9%" $I0$R cause of this outbrea4*
A. Clostridium perfringens #. %almonella typhimurium C. Sta"hyloous aureus