Field Testing for Line Protection Schemes

12/28/15 12/28/15

Overcoming the Difficulties in Field Testing

Overcoming the Difficulties in Field Testing

Series Compensated Line Protection Schemes

Series Compensated Line Protection Schemes

68th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers 68th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers Tx A&

Tx A&

!enton "an#iver $$$% Alexan#er Aostolov !enton "an#iver $$$% Alexan#er Aostolov

'$CR'( electronics Cor )*A '$CR'( electronics Cor )*A

Agenda (without Time Information

Agenda (without Time Information

-- Tra#itional Tra#itional TTeest etst etho#sho#s

-- etho# Analysis an# *olutionsetho# Analysis an# *olutions -- Re.ote Test ,evices via (etor0Re.ote Test ,evices via (etor0 -- *eries Co. Case *tu#y*eries Co. Case *tu#y

-- *u..ary / Conclusions*u..ary / Conclusions

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Introduction

 *eries caacitors alie# to long " trans.ission lines is a roven

technology for re#ucing the transfer reactance an# increasing loa#a3ility  The 0non si#e affect is the effective shortening of the aarent line

length% .a0ing tra#itional #istance rotection .ore challenging to aly securely

 This .eans the testing of these sche.es is li0eise co.licate#

 ,istance relays i.le.ent secial sche.es for *eries Co.ensate# Protection #een#ing on the status of the caacitors 3eing 4in or out

 They also utilie various signal filters for the transients that are generate#  Proving these sche.es has re7uire# ETP level #igital .o#els to roerly

generate the internal an# external fault avefor.s

 ull fiel# testing of these sche.es tyically re7uire# extensive use of EtoE C'TRA,E test cases an# .anual analysis9

 :e use a case stu#y of a ;<50" *C =ine to evaluate i.roving the test .etho# an# re#ucing the effort to erfor. the nee#e# tests

Common Test !ethods

Local "ela# In$ection % Test Cases &ased on'

) *enchtest approach using manuall# calculated +uantities ,) Software &ased calculations of these same &asic +uantities -) Software . /ardware simulation with test set simulating remote

rela# and communications channel operations

0nd to 0nd Testing 1 Test Cases &ased on'

2) Software . /ardware simulation with t#pical se+uencer tool and 3PS s#nc

4) Software . /ardware simulation with t#pical two ended fault model and 3PS s#nc

5) Software . /ardware simulation using CO!T"AD0 pla#&ac6 of 0!TP test cases and 3PS s#nc

Lab Based Tests – Test Cases based on:

7. EMTP/ATP system model and transient fault simulation generated COMTA!E e"ents

Traditional Field Test !ethods

For field testing of Series Compensated Line Protection the

most common approach is to segregate the testing into two

categories'

Series Capacitors *#passed

- The protection scheme should react the same as a normal line - Testing can t#picall# &e accomplished with normal fault

simulations

- Local rela# in$ections should result in t#pical non%comm trip operations

- 0nd to 0nd tests should result in normal scheme coordination times

Series Capacitors 7 Scheme In Service

- Almost e8clusive use of CO!T"AD0 files for 0nd to 0nd tests - Test Cases are a su&set of those used in 0!TP.ATP or "eal Time

Challenges of Traditional Field Test !ethods

If we want to cover a reasona&le spread of test cases9 then we

could re+uire testing at %,:;9 :;9 4:;9 <:;9 ,:; of Line

Length each for A%=9 *%C9 A*C fault t#pes) And this might &e

e8tended to include CA%= and A*C%= faults if crucial to 6now)

For the Series Capacitors *#passed Test Cases (4%,4

- !anual calculations are tedious for the a&ove num&er of test cases and prone to error 

- T#pical two ended models are ade+uate and more consistent - Simulation should include DC offset for closer operate times

For one Series Capacitor 7 Scheme In Service (4%,4

- CO!T"AD0 files from La& Testing should &e availa&le

- Organi>ation9 file naming9 correct se+uencing9 recording of event logs9 reporting and anal#sis of results are re+uired for the test cases defined)

Time s#nc for the 0nd to 0nd testing re+uires 6nowledge9 setup9

monitoring9 and constant coordination &etween the terminals)

Field Testing 1 ?hat Could 3o ?rong@

If #ou &elieve in !urph#))))

-  As>3uilt issues ?i9e9 #ifferent CT@s%

- *u3stitution of a "T for a C"T% or ratio co.ensation

- Te.orary sitching of circuits here the reare# test

cases #o not aly%

- Change in test e7ui.ent use#% ?oerational range

- Physical +P* setu issues ?antenna% ca3ling% #istance

- anoer exerience issues%

- Protection #evice failures/su3stitutions%

- Protection ,evice fir.are ugra#es% an#

- =ast .inute setting changesB

Test !ethod Improvements

$f one i#entifies the .aor issues in the rocesses use#

e shoul# 3e a3le to also i#entify otential solutions9

:hat if e coul#9999

-

si.lify the ti.e sync chores D lug>n>lay

-

rovi#e a single oint of test execution an# control for .ultile

ter.inals

-

easily #etect an# a#at #ifferent test e7uie.ent

-

i.rove the si.ulation .o#el to han#le *eries Co.

co.onents

-

rovi#e auto.atic coor#ination of the En# to En# test

inections

-

easily a#at any syste. ara.eters or aaratus changes

-

auto.atically collect test results fro. 3oth ter.inals

-

inclu#e ass/fail criteria for each test case execute# so

assess.ent is auto.atic

)sing PTP #irectly in the test 0it e.3e##e# syste. allos several

0ey a#vantagesH

- Eli.ination of extra har#are ?3oth external an# internal

- Precise internal cloc0 synch ?I/> G92u* to external source

- *i.lifie# alication softare

"eplace traditional Porta&le 3PS with PTP

Jey A#vantages of PTP Porta3le cloc0H

- ,irect Ethernet connection

- Ti.e loc0 to I/> 2GG nanosecon#s

- (o oer suly nee#e# ?PoE

-  Auto 3oot an# *ync

Leverage !odern =etwor6s 1 pgrade PC Apps

)tility Ethernet netor0s or si.ilar syste.s li0e )T* can

rovi#e for easy re.ote access% ugra#ing the test 0it

co..unications syste. allos several 0ey a#vantagesH

- )se co..on TTP ?yertext Transfer Protocol traffic - *ecure re.ote control D roxy a ith co#e/assor# - Exchange of test #ata/results D .ini.u. #elay

- *ingle oint of control ?aster PC D ease of use

Leverage !odern =etwor6s 1 pgrade PC App

Jey A#vantages of flexi3le syste. .o#elH

- o#el any syste. configuration

-  Aaratus lace.ent flexi3ility

- onitor no.inal syste. values

- onitor fault values anyhere

- ,efine relay sche.e resonse

- Easy .o#ification of ara.eters

Series Comp Case Stud#

$n or#er to .a0e a fair co.arison it as i.ortant to fin# a recently co..issione# *eries Co. =ine that as fully #ocu.ente#9 The host utility is very exerience# in *eries Co. Protection an# testing9 The su3ect ;<50" line ha# series caacitors at 3oth en#s an# ha# ust gone through 3oth an extensive ETP la3 test an# fiel# co..issioning9 All test files an# results lus the #ulicate la3 setu ere availa3le9

The case stu#y oul# involve the folloingH

- )se the sa.e la3 relays an# P'TT sche.e ith original *C settings - Ti.e all test stes to co.are to the recor#e# co..issioning log - !uil# the .o#el 4on site ith the si.ulation tool an# #ata rovi#e# - Perfor. a verification of syste. values at #efine# 0non test oints - Perfor. testing for each oerational toology .atching ETP TC@sH

19 (o series caacitors% 3oth en#s 3yasse# ?;5 TC@s 29 =ocal en# series co. in service ?15 TC@s

;9 Re.ote en# series co. in service ?15 TC@s <9 !oth en#s series co. in service ?;G TC@s

- Co.are all results for accuracy an# efficiencies - Pro#uce a co.ara3le final reort

Series Comp Case Stud#

!uil#ing the *C o#el onsite re7uire# the folloing stesH

- )se the syste. #ata to #efine the *ources% =ine% *eries Ca !an0% CT@s an# C"T@s

- ,efine the Relay Protection *che.e ?< Kone P'TT

- o#ify the grahical .o#el of the li3rary series co. exa.le - C"T@s relocate# to line si#e of *C@s

- Revise *ource 1 & 2 to inclu#e 2GL reverse line i.e#ance

Series Comp Case Stud#

o#el (otesH

- The *eries Caacitor .o#el o.its the varistor an# active sar0 ga D this li.its the transient si.ulation of these varia3les9

- The CT an# "T/C"T .o#els are not transient either D this too li.its the overall transient avefor. si.ulation9

- The sar0 ga can 3e si.ulate# ith .anual test cases after verifying hich faults oul# 3e suffcient to cause the. to fire9

Series Comp Case Stud#

Test Case Co.arisons

(o *eries co. A>( N 5GL == "erifie# ETP files Prefault% ault% ,C offset% ax currents for 3oth ter.inals

*i.ulator tool .atche# to FF9FL of analogs

Series Comp Case Stud#

Test Case Co.arisons

=ocal En# ?PP *eries Co.% ;Ph>( ault N FGL == ?f=E "erifie# ETP files Prefault%

ault% ,C offset% ax currents for 3oth ter.inals

*i.ulator tool .atche# to FF985L of analogs

Series Comp Case Stud#

Test Case Co.arisons

Re.ote En# ?+ *eries Co.% Ph>Ph ault N 1GL == ?f=E "erifie# ETP files Prefault%

ault% ,C offset% ax currents for 3oth ter.inals

*i.ulator tool .atche# to FF9M5L of analogs

Series Comp Case Stud#

Test Case Co.arisons

Re.ote En# ?+ *eries Co.% ;Ph ault N 1GL == ?f=E

"erifie# ETP files Prefault% ault% ,C offset% ax currents for 3oth ter.inals

*i.ulator tool .atche# to FF955L of analogs

0!TP vs Field Simulator Tool

Co.aring results fro. start to finishH

- The si.ulator tool as co.ara3le for 8F of F5 fiel# test cases9 ?F;9ML - o#el accuracy for calculate# values average# FF98L of ETP values9 - $f test cases ere li.ite# to nor.al co..issioning suite% ?6G tests the

si.ulator tool oul# satisfy 1GGL of fiel# testing re7uire.ents9

- Continue# .o#el i.rove.ent an# a##ing transient aaratus resonse ill close the si.ulation ga for the fe 0non #eficiencies9

!ase# on utility #ocu.entation% .an>hours re7uire# for the tra#itional ETP .o#el #esign% C'TRA,E files generation% fiel# setu of the test

e7ui.ent% coor#ination of the test execution% event/log file #onloa#s% an# ost analysis of co.aring the C'TRA,E files to event files an# final reort generation account for 1G #ays for ; TE@s9 ?;G .an>#ays

The si.ulator tool tests erfor.e# re7uire# ; .an>#ays to setu% execute% analye% an# reort9 That reresents a savings of FGL9

4 min , min : min 2 min 4 min  min :)4 h B h

Conclusions

=everaging netor0 co..unication technologies an#

recision ti.e fro. PTP ith a .o#ern softare

alication oens a lot of ne ossi3ilities in the fiel#

testing of co.lex rotection syste.s9

- The tester can si.ulate fault scenarios fro. a single

integrate# alication an# calculate the inecte#

7uantities for all ter.inals9

- +P* ti.e sources via PTP netor0s can 3e near

lug>n>lay for client test #evices% 3ri#ging even long

#istances into su3stations9

- o3ile co.uters ith $nternet access in the fiel#

can 3e use# to control re.ote test #evices ithout

co.lex netor0 set>u9

4 min , min : min 2 min 4 min  min :)4 h B h

Conclusions

-  A single softare alication can control .ultile test

#evices via a netor0 connection% so that executing a

synchronie# shot is as si.le as for a single>

ter.inal test an# the results for all ter.inals are

availa3le i..e#iately after9

- urther i.rove# fiel# si.ulator .o#els can rovi#e

ETP 7uality tests for co.lex oer syste.

toologies9

-  A central control% synchronie# si.ulator tool ith

netor0 access can rovi#e an or#er of .agnitu#e

re#uction in fiel# testing ti.e9

4 min , min : min 2 min 4 min  min :)4 h B h

0STIO=S@

 Alex

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