PassGAMSAT Science EClass 16

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1 | P a g e © P a s s G A M S A T

Mini Exam--Advanced Topics

Let's see how much you've learned from the lessons so far.

eClass 7

1. If a race car driver completes one lap of the track in19.481 seconds at a speed of 96.327 mph (43.062 m/s), how long is the track in meters? In miles?

2. If a different driver on the same track completes a lap in 26.30 seconds, what was his speed?

3. If a driver completes a 105-mile race at an average speed of 70.56 mph, what was his finish time?

4. Which drawing shows the correct vector sum for vectors A, B and C?

5. A swimmer dives into a lake from the deck of a boat 3 meters above the water level, and enters the water 2 meters from the side of the boat. What is her displacement? 6. A centrifuge spins at a rate of 100 rpm; what is the angular velocity of a tube in the

outer rim of the centrifuge?

7. Draw a free-body diagram for a shopping cart that you are pushing in the supermarket. 8. If an airplane weighing 65,000 kg needs to generate 62,000 Newtons of force in order

to take off, what is its takeoff acceleration?

9. A skydiver jumping from 4500 meters is in freefall for 25.95 seconds before opening his parachute, at what altitude does he open the chute?

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2 | P a g e © P a s s G A M S A T velocity of 18 m/s. Will it make it all the way across? Where will it land? How long will it take? Plot the trajectory on a graph.

11. How much work have you done if you push a loaded cart with mass of 20 kg for a distance of 56 meters? How about if you're pulling the same mass for the same distance on a sled, with the handle at a 60º angle to horizontal?

12. What is the effort required to move a load of 78 kg up a ramp to a height of 1.3m? The coefficient of friction is 0.23. How much force would be needed to lift the load that high?

13. What is the effort required to lift a 41 kg load using a 2.7 m lever whose fulcrum is 0.9 m from the load? What is the IMA?

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eClass 8

1. You have a quantity of iron that measures 25cm long, 15cm wide, and 10cm high. If the

mass density of iron is 7.86 x 103 _kg/m3_{, what is the mass of your iron bar? What is its}

weight density?

2. What is the pressure at the bottom of a 2m deep circular tank that is 10m in diameter? 3. Assuming constant temperature, what would be the new volume of a sample of gas in

a 2.5L container at pressure of 75 kPa, if the pressure were increased to 110 kPa? 4. Give examples of the wave and particle behavior of light.

5. Explain how the human eye perceives color.

6. What is the voltage drop across a wire with resistance of 6.75Ω if the current flow is 875 coulombs per minute?

7. If an echo takes 8 seconds to return to its source, how far did it travel? Assume that the temperature is 0ºC.

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eClass 9

1. Which organelle performs the following functions in prokaryotes? In eukaryotes?

Function Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

metabolism of carbohydrates to produce energy

selectively allows transport of nutrients into and secretions and waste

products out of the cell

supports/contains genetic material for replication

storage of secretions and nutrients outer protective layer of bacteria protein synthesis

attachment to host organism propulsion

support for cilia and flagellae

provides structure for cell replication transport of materials throughout the cell, supports protein synthesis and repair of cell membrane

surrounds and protects nucleus, selectively allows transport of substances in & out

2. Which pathway produces these end products?

End products Pathway

NADH, ATP, FADH R5P, F6P, G3P, NADPH pyruvate, ATP

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eClass 10

1. If two parents have the genotypes AaBbCc and AAbbCc for three traits, how many different phenotypes could show up in their offspring? For each phenotype, how many possible genotypes could there be?

2. Summarize the process of protein synthesis. 3. What are the components of an operon? 4. What are the five stages of the cell cycle?

5. What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis Meiosis

number of divisions

beginning chromosome count ending chromosome count number of daughter cells type of cells in which it occurs

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eClass 11

1. Summarize the four theories of the origin of life.

2. Species A and species B are in the same phylum but different classes; species C and D are also in the same phylum but different families. Which pair has the nearest relationship?

3. Are fungi more closely related to plants or to animals?

4. What is thought to have been the first photosynthetic organism? 5. Describe the presumed evolution of photosynthesis.

6. What are the end-products of the light reaction of photosynthesis?

7. What was the most important evolutionary adaptation that allowed plants to live on land?

8. What are the differences between monocot and dicot plants?

Characteristic Monocot Dicot

organization of vascular tissue grouping of petals seed structure

9. Which body tissues arise from these embryonic germ layers?

Layer Tissues arising from it

endoderm mesoderm ectoderm

10. What are the first five stages of embryonic development? 11. Which animals are evolutionarily the oldest?

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eClass 12

1. Why do mice and rats make excellent laboratory animals for the study of human pathophysiology?

2. What is a saltatory node and why is it important? 3. Which part of the brain controls these functions?

4. List the twelve cranial nerves.

5. Where does most bone growth occur in children? 6. What functions are performed by smooth muscle? 7. How are veins structurally different from arteries? 8. List the five types of leukocytes.

9. Describe the path blood takes through the heart and pulmonary circulation. 10. What are the two hormonal mechanisms that regulate blood pressure?

11. If you want to decrease the regulated function via a feedback loop, do you want negative or positive feedback?

Function Part Of Brain

speech balance heartbeat purposeful movement emotion motor learning breathing

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8 | P a g e © P a s s G A M S A T 12. Where and how does the blood receive oxygen?

13. How does the enteric nervous system communicate with the central nervous system? 14. Summarize the process of digestion.

15. About how many nephrons are in an adult human kidney? 16. Describe a glomerulus.

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eClass 13

1. What percentage of the human body is made up of the six macroelements? 2. List the inorganic ions that are biologically important.

3. How are thiols and amines derived?

4. Describe the role of thioesters and phosphoesters in cellular respiration. 5. What is the best-known carboxylic acid derivative?

6. Define energy and work, and explain what is measured by the intensity factor and the capacity factor.

7. If a reaction's P1 is greater than P2, is the reaction endergonic or exergonic?

8. If the following reaction, catalyzed by aspartate aminotransferase, has an equilibrium

constant Keq of 6.8 at standard conditions of pH 7.0 and 25ºC, calculate its standard

free-energy change ΔGº.

glutamate + oxaloacetate ↔ aspartate + α-ketoglutarate

9. If the following reaction, catalyzed by β-galactosidase, has a standard free-energy change ΔGº of -15.9 at standard conditions of pH 7.0 and 25ºC, calculate its equilibrium constant Keq.

lactose + H20 ↔ glucose + galactose

10. Describe several important monosaccharides.

11. Describe the functional categories of polysaccharides. 12. What are the two types of linkages in glycosidic bonds? 13. What are the biological functions of lipids?

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15. Describe the structure of a fat.

16. List the six human steroid hormones. 17. What is an essential amino acid?

18. How are biogenic amines synthesized and used?

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eClass 14

1. What percentage of the universe's mass is plasma? 2. Why is a Bose-Einstein condensate unique?

3. Briefly describe radioactive decay in terms of the fundamental forces. 4. Describe hadronization in a particle accelerator.

5. List the bosons.

6. List the six leptons and the six flavors of quarks.

7. Discuss the colors of quarks in relation to baryon structure. 8. What is a jet-fluid string?

9. How do we know that the universe is expanding?

10. How has the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe affected cosmological theories?

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eClass 15

1. Which major class of enzyme would mediate each of these reactions?

2. Describe the different mechanisms of competitive and non-competitive enzyme inhibition.

3. Describe two ways a coenzyme can participate in a reaction. 4. Describe metabolic regulation by interconversion.

5. Is positive feedback desirable?

6. Describe feedback loops in evolution.

7. What is the length variation in human chromosomes?

8. If a criminal suspect's DNA sample is a six-point match to a crime-scene sample, is he guilty?