ECE 455/555 Embedded System Design. Android Programming. Wei Gao. Fall

ECE 455/555

Embedded System Design

Android Programming

Fundamentals of Android Application



Java programming language



Code along with any required data and resource files are

compiled into an Android package, .apk file.



Android applications don't have a single entry point

for everything in the application



No main() function



Default entry when you click the application icon



Components can also be started by other applications



http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/fundame

Activating Components



Application components



Activities, services, broadcast receivers



Activated by an asynchronous message called

intent



Bind components at runtime



You can start an activity by passing an intent to

startActivity()



Specify the main entry of your program in this way!



You can start a service by passing an intent to

Analyzing HelloWorld Application

One of the standard entry

function: crate an activity

instance

Create an user interface and

set the text

Default function to setup the

user menu specified in class R

Manifest XML file



Applications must declare their components in a

manifest file



Before Android can start an application component, it

must learn that the component exists.



AndroidManifest.xml for each application



Declares the application's

components



Names any

libraries

the application needs to be linked

against



Identifies any

permissions

the application expects to be

The Manifest XML File of HelloWorld

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.example.helloandroid" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" > <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10" android:targetSdkVersion="15" /> <application android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:theme="@style/AppTheme" > <activity android:name=".MainActivity" android:label="@string/title_activity_main" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> </manifest>

The only

component

Similarly you can claim <service>, <receiver> and

<provider> within the <application> tag

The Manifest XML File of HelloWorld

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.example.helloandroid" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" > <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10" android:targetSdkVersion="15" /> <application android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:theme="@style/AppTheme" > <activity android:name=".MainActivity" android:label="@string/title_activity_main" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> </manifest>

Type of

action

Other action types: CALL, SYNC, BATTERY_LOW,etc

Being indicated as

application entry

http://developer.android.com/guide/components

/intents-filters.html

The platform

version used

More in the Manifest XML file



Application requirements



Using external sensor/devices

<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth" />

<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" />



Using Android library

<uses-library android:name="android.view.animation" />



Request permission

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />



More details at:

http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/manifes

t-intro.html

API Demos



Demonstrating how the

system API work



Import demo projects into

Eclipse



-> Android project from

existing code



\...\Android\android-

sdk\samples\android-10\ApiDemos

API Demos



Run the program as a Java application



It will automatically compile and upload the .apk file to the

phone



There will be an application named

“API Demos” on your phone

Sensing API Demo



In the API Demo menu, choose OS->Sensors



Application that displays the values of 3-axis acceleration

sensors graphically



Frequently used in games for

gravity detection!



implementation



com.example.android.apis.os

Sensing API Demo



Access sensor readings through SensorManager class

Get an instance of SensorManager

Listen sensor readings when the

application is active at foreground

Sensing API Demo



Read and convert sensor readings

Implemented as an

event handler

Readings of 3D

orientation sensors

Otherwise, use

accelerator data

Reading conversions

Sensing Related Packages



Media



http://developer.android.com/reference/android/media/p

ackage-summary.html



Location



http://developer.android.com/reference/android/location/

package-summary.html



Hardware



http://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardwar

e/Sensor.html

Thoughts…



Can you realize fancier functionalities based on the

sensing capabilities provided by Android?



All the codes you need are included in the samples!



Check \...\Android\android-sdk\samples\android-10\



Integrating sensing capabilities with other

applications

Summary



Android: an open-source operating system for

smartphones



Micro-kernel, middleware-based OS implementation



Each application runs in Java virtual machine

•

Expensive but reliable and secure



Application



Java programming enabled



Components: activity, service, content provider, broadcast

receiver



Configured by Manifest XML file



Sensing capabilities of smartphones

Other Smartphone Platforms



Doing your project on your own smartphones or

tablets



iPhone, BlackBerry, iPad, etc.



A tutorial of iPhone programming can be found here.



http://www.edumobile.org/iphone/category/iphone-programming-tutorials/



http://web.eecs.utk.edu/~weigao/ece455/fall2015/iPhone

Development.zip