Law Enforcement Administration
Law Enforcement Administration - the process involved in ensuring strict compliance, proper obedience of laws and related statutes. Focuses on the
policing process or how law enforcement agencies are organized and manage in order to achieve the goals of law enforcement most effectively, efficiently and productively. Law - the system of rules that a particular country or community recognizes as regulating the actions of its members and may enforce by the imposition of penalties. Enforcement - means to compel obedience to a law, regulation or command.
Administration - an organizational process concerned with the implementation of objectives and plans and internal operating efficiency. Connotes bureaucratic
structure and behavior, relative routine decision-making and maintenance of the internal order.
Sir Robert Peel - considered a "father of law enforcement". Sir Robert Peels Nine Principles of Policing
1. The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder.
2. The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of police actions.
3. Police must secure the willing cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public.
4. The degree of cooperation of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionally to the necessity of the use of force.
5. Police seek and preserve public favor not by catering to public opinion but by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law.
6. Police use physical force to the extent necessary to secure observance of the law or to restore order only when the expertise of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be insufficient.
7. Police at all time should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition; the police are the public and the public are the police. The police being only full time individuals charged with the duties that are incumbent on all of the citizens.
8. Police should always direct their actions strictly towards their functions and never appear to usurp the powers of the judiciary.
9. The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it.
Administration of Police Organization
Police - one of the pillars of the criminal justice system that has the specific responsibility of maintaining law and order and combating crime within the society. - comes from Latin "politia"-civil administration which itself derives from the ancient Greek police "city"
Administration - an organizational process concerned with the implementation of objectives and plans and internal operating efficiency.
Organization - a group of persons working together for a common goal or objectives. Police Organization - a group of trained personnel in the field of public safety
administration engaged in the achievement of goals and objectives that promotes the maintenance of peace and order, protection of life and property, enforcement of the laws and the prevention of crimes.
Enforcement - means to compel obedience to a law, regulation or command.
Law Enforcement Agency - pertains to an organization responsible for enforcing the laws.
Objectives - refer to the purpose by which the organization was created. Refer to the goals of the organization.
Supervision - means the act of watching over the work or tasks of the members of the organization to ensure that desired results are achieved.
Management - the process of directing and facilitating the work of people organized in formal groups in order to achieve objectives. Judicious or wise use of resources
(manpower, material,money,equipment, supplies and time).
Hierarchy - represents the formal relationship among superiors and subordinates in any given organization. Serves as the framework for the flow of authority downward and obedience upward, through the department.
Authority - the right to command and control the behavior of employees in lower positions within an organizational hierarchy. Must be viewed in terms of prescribed roles rather than of individuals.
A particular position within the organization. Carries the same regardless of who occupies that position.
Management/Administrative Functions 1. Planning 2. Organizing 3. Directing 4. Controlling 5. staffing 6. Reporting 7. Budgeting
Principles of efficient Management
* Division of work - work specialization can increase efficiency with the same amount of effort.
* Authority and Responsibility- authority includes the right to command and the power to require
obedience. One can not have authority without responsibility.
* Discipline - necessary for an organization to function effectively, however, the state of the disciplinary
process depends upon the quality of its leaders.
* Unity of Command - subordinate should receive orders from one superior only.
* Scalar Chain - the hierarchy of authority is the order of ranks from the highest to the lowest levels of the
organization. Shows the vertical hierarchy of the organization which defines an unbroken chain of
units from top to bottom describing explicitly the flow of authority. Organizational Units in the Police Organization
1. Functional Units
Bureau - the largest organic functional unit within a large department; comprised of several divisions.
Division - a primary subdivision of a bureau.
Section - functional unit within a division that is necessary for specialization. Unit - functional group within a section or the smallest functional group within an organization.
2. Territorial Units
Post - a fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned for duty.
Route - a length of streets designated for patrol purpose, also called line beat. Beat - an area designed for patrol purposes whether foot or motorized.
Sector - an area containing two or more beat, route or post.
District - a geographical subdivision of a city for patrol purposes, usually with its own station.
Area - a section or territorial division of a large city each comprised of designated districts.
EVOLUTION OF THE POLICING SYSTEM ORIGIN OF THE WORD “POLICE”
POLITEIA – Greek word which means government of the city
POLITIA – Roman word which means condition of the state or government POLICE – French word which was later adopted by the English language THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE
1. HOME RULE THEORY
- policemen are regarded as servants of the community, who rely for the efficiency of their functions upon the express needs of the people.
- policemen are civil servants whose key duty is the preservation of public peace and security.
2. CONTINENTAL THEORY
- policemen are regarded as state or servants of the higher authorities
- the people have no share or have little participation with the duties nor connection with the police
organization.
CONCEPTS OF POLICE SERVICE 1. OLD CONCEPT
- police service gives the impression of being merely a suppressive machinery - this philosophy advocates that the measurement of police competence is the increasing number of arrests, throwing offenders in detention facilities rather than trying to prevent them from committing crimes
2. MODERN CONCEPT
- regards police as the first line of defense of the criminal justice system, an organ of crime prevention
- police efficiency is measured by the decreasing number of crimes
- broadens police activities to cater to social services and has for its mission the welfare of the individual
as well as that of the community in general. EARLY POLICING SYSTEM
1. KIN POLICING
- the family of the offended individual was expected to assume responsibility for justice
- the family of the victim was allowed to exact vengeance 2. EGYPT
- ancient rulers had elite unit to protect them
- created the MEDJAYS, a form of police force whose duties include guarding of the tombs and apprehending thieves
- introduced the use of dogs as guards and protectors. 3. ROME
- created the first organized police force called VIGILES OF ROME, or VIGILES URBANI (watchmen of the
city), which had the primary task of firefighting and policing
- the Vigiles acted as night watch, apprehending thieves, keeping an eye out for burglars and hunting
down runaway slaves, and were on occasion used to maintain order in the streets - the Vigiles dealt primarily with petty crimes and looked for disturbances of the peace while they
patrolled the streets
- created a special unit called PRAETORIAN GUARDS, a special force of guards used by Roman Emperors as the Emperors' personal guards
- as personal guards of the Emperor, their primary duty was to protect the Emperor from assassination and other forms of attack against the Emperor.
4. ENGLAND
a) FRANKPLEDGE SYSTEM/MUTUAL PLEDGE SYSTEM
- required all males aged 12 and above to join a group of nine to form a TYTHING - members of the tything are called a TYTHINGMEN
- the primary task of the things was to protect their village from thieves and animals
- tythings were later organized into SHIRES
- a shire was headed by a leader called SHIRE REEVE, which is the origin of the word “sheriff”
- their duty was to apprehend offenders b) PARISH CONSTABLES
- a parish official charged with controlling crimes - appointed to serve for one year
- duties included organizing watchmen to guard the gates
- during trouble, the watchman would raise a “HUE AND CRY”, a call to arms where the rest of the parish
would stop what they were doing and come to the aid of the constable.
MODERN POLICING SYSTEM 1) ENGLAND
a. BOWSTREET RUNNERS - a group of men organized to arrest offenders.
- organized by Henry Fielding, a magistrate in London,in 1749 in London, England. - the name was adopted from the name of the street where the office of Henry Fielding was located.
- when Henry Fielding retired as magistrate, he was replaced by his blind brother, John Fielding
b. METROPOLITAN POLICE OF ACT 1829
- the law that created the first modern police force in London England, called the Metropolitan Police
Service.
- this law was passed through the initiative of Sir Robert Peel, a member of the Parliament
- the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service is the Scotland Yard, now known as the New
Scotland Yard
SIR ROBERT PEEL - recognized as the father of modern policing system. 2. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
a. NEW YORK POLICE DEPARTMENT - created in 1845 in New York, USA
- recognized as the first modern style police department in the US. - the largest police force in the world
- modeled after the Metropolitan Police Service of London b. BOSTON POLICE DEPARTMENT
- the oldest police department in the US
- the first night watch was established in Boston in 1631. - formally founded in May, 1854.
AUGUST VOLLMER - recognized as the Father of Modern Law Enforcement for his contributions in the development of the field of criminal justice in the US
- author of the book, Police Administration, which served as the basic guide in the administration of the
- was the first police chief of Berkeley, California.
Important Personalities in the Evolution of Philippine Policing
Brig.Gen. Rafael Crame - the first Filipino Chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1917. Col. Antonio Torres - the first Filipino Chief of Police of the Manila Police Department in 1935.
Col. Lambert Javalera - the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department after the Philippine Independence from the United States of America in 1946
Dir.Gen. Cesar Nazareno - the first chief of the Philippine National Police.
HIGHLIGHTS OF RA 6975 – THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT OF
1990, RA 8551 – THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE REFORM AND REORGANIZATION ACT OF
1998 and RA 9708
A. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (DILG) - formerly Department of Local Government (DLG)
- reorganized under RA 6975 ORGANIZATION: - consist of: a) the Department proper
b) existing bureaus and offices of the DLG c) local government units (LGU)
1) provincial governors 2) city and municipal mayors d) the National Police Commission e) the Philippine Public Safety College
f) Philippine National Police g) Bureau of Fire Protection
h) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
- the PPSC, PNP, BFP and BJMP were created under RA 6975
- headed by the Secretary to be appointed by the President and who shall serve at the pleasure of the
President
- the Secretary shall be assisted by two (2) Undersecretaries and three (3) Assistant Secretaries
a) Undersecretary for Local Government b) Undersecretary for Peace and Order
- No retired or resigned military officer or police official may be appointed as Secretary within one
(1) year from date of retirement or resignation
- the Secretary is also the ex officio chairman of the National Police Commission
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE DILG
1. Assist the President in the exercise of general supervision over local governments; 2. Advise the President in the promulgation of policies, rules, regulations and other issuances on the general
supervision over local governments and on public order and safety;
3. Establish and prescribe rules, regulations and other issuance's implementing laws on public order and
autonomy
and community empowerment and monitor compliance thereof;
4. Provide assistance towards legislation regarding local governments, law enforcement and public safety;
Establish and prescribe plans, policies, programs and projects to promote peace and order, ensure public
safety and further strengthen the administrative, technical and fiscal capabilities of local government
offices and personnel;
5. Formulate plans, policies and programs which will meet local emergencies arising from natural and man-made disasters; Establish a system of coordination and cooperation among the citizenry, local executives and the Department, to ensure effective and efficient delivery of basic services to the public;
6. Organize, train and equip primarily for the performance of police functions, a police force that
is national in scope and civilian in character.
RELATIONSHIP OF THE DILG WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE (DND)
- under RA 6975, the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) was in charge with external security while the
DILG was in charge with internal security
- under RA 8551, the Armed Forces of the Philippines is now in charge with both internal and external
security with the PNP as support through information gathering and performance of ordinary police
functions.
NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION
- an agency attached to the DILG for policy coordination
- shall exercise administrative control and operational supervision over the PNP. VISION OF THE NAPOLCOM
"We envision the National Police Commission as a highly dynamic, committed and responsive administering and controlling body, actively and effectively facilitating the evolvement of a highly professional, competent,
disciplined, credible and trustworthy PNP" MISSION OF THE NAPOLCOM
"To administer and control the Philippine National Police with the end in view of maintaining a highly
professional, competent, disciplined, credible and trustworthy PNP” POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NAPOLCOM
A. Exercise administrative control and operational supervision over the Philippine National Police (PNP)
which shall mean the power to:
1. Develop policies and promulgate a police manual prescribing rules and regulations for efficient
organization, administration, and operation, including criteria for manpower allocation distribution and
deployment, recruitment, selection, promotion, and retirement of personnel and the conduct of
qualifying entrance and promotional examinations for uniformed members; 2. Examine and audit, and thereafter establish standards for such purposes on a continuing basis,
country;
3. Establish a system of uniform crime reporting;
4. Conduct annual self-report surveys and compile statistical data for accurate assessment of the crime
situation and the proper evaluation of the efficiency and effectiveness of all police units in the country;
5. Approve or modify plans and programs on education and training, logistical
requirements, communications, records,information systems, crime laboratory, crime prevention and crime reporting;
6. Affirm, reverse or modify, through the National Appellate Board, personnel administrative actions
involving the demotion or dismissal from the service imposed upon members of the Philippine National
Police by the Chief of the Philippine National Police;
7. Exercise appellate jurisdiction through the Regional Appellate Boards, over administrative cases against
policemen and over decisions on claims for police benefits;
8. Prescribe minimum standards for arms, equipment, and uniforms and, after consultation with the
Philippine Heraldry Commission, for insignia of ranks, awards, medals of honor; 9. Issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum in matters pertaining to the discharge of its own
powers and duties,and designate who among its personnel can issue processes and administer oaths
in connection therewith;
10. Inspect and assess the compliance of the PNP on the established criteria for manpower allocation,
distribution and deployment and their impact on the community and the crime situation, and thereafter
formulate appropriate guidelines for maximization of resources and effective utilization of the PNP
personnel;
11. Monitor the performance of the local chief executives as deputies of the Commission; and
12. Monitor and investigate police anomalies and irregularities.
B. Advise the President on all matters involving police functions and administration; C. Render to the President and to Congress an annual report of its activities and accomplishments during the
thirty (30)days after the end of the calendar year, which shall include an appraisal of the conditions
obtaining in the organization and administration of police agencies in the municipalities, cities and
provinces throughout the country, and recommendations for appropriate remedial
legislations;
D. Recommend to the President, through the Secretary, within sixty (60) days before the commencement of
each calendar year, a crime prevention program; and
E. Perform such other functions necessary to carry out the provisions of R.A. 6975, as amended, other
existing laws and Presidential issuance's, and as the President may direct. COMPOSITION OF NAPOLCOM
1. One chairperson
2. Four regular commissioner
3. The Chief PNP as ex officio member Note:
* shall serve a term of office of six (6) years without reappointment or extension * three of the four regular commissioners shall come from civilian sector and not former members of the
police or military
* the fourth regular commissioner shall come from the law enforcement sector either active or retired
* at least one (1) of the four regular commissioners shall be a woman
* from among the three regular commissioners from the civilian sector, the Vice Chairperson shall be
chosen
* the Vice Chairperson shall act as the Executive Officer of the Commission * refer to the organizational structure of the NAPOLCOM
Important dates in the history of modern Philippine Policing
1901 - ACT no. 175 of the Philippine Commission established the Philippine constabulary on august 8, 1901.
1905 - the Philippine constabulary school was established at the sta.lucia barracks in Intramuros on February 17, 1905.
1908 - the Philippine constabulary school was transferred to Baguio City.
1916 - the Philippine constabulary school was renamed academy for officers of the Philippine constabulary.
1917 - on December 17, 1917, Brigadier General Rafael Crame from Rizal Province, became the first Filipino chief of the Philippine constabulary.
1926 - the academy for officers of the Philippine constabulary was renamed Philippine Constabulary Academy.
1936 - the Philippine Constabulary Academy became the present day Philippine Military Academy.
1938 - The Philippine Constabulary became the existing and organized national police force of the country pursuant to commonwealth act no. 343 dated June 23, 1938 and EO no. 389 dated December 23, 1950. This decree integrated local police forces into the Philippines constabulary operational and organizational set up.
1966 - congress enacted RA no. 4864, the police act of 1966. This law also created the Police Commission (POLCOM).
1972 - The POLCOM was reorganized as the National Police Commission.
1975 - PD 765 was enacted. This law is called the Police Integration Law of 1975. The Integrated National Police was established with the Philippine Constabulary as nucleus under the Department of national Defense. The NAPOLCOM, originally under the office of the President was transferred to the Ministry of National defense.
1985 - The National Police Commission was returned to the office of the President pursuant to E.O 1040.
1989 - Executive order 379 placed the Integrated national Police directly under the command, supervision and control of the President. This order vested the NAPOLCOM with the powers of administrative control and supervision over the Integrated National Police.
1990 - RA 6975 was passed on December 13, 1990 establishing the Philippine National Police under a reorganized Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). A new National Police Commission was created under the DILG.
1998 - congress passed into law RA no. 8551 on February 25, 1998, otherwise known as the Philippine National Police reform and reorganization act of 1998. This act
strengthened and expanded NAPOLCOM,s authority over the PNP to include
administration of police entrance examination and conduct pre-charge investigation against police anomalies and irregularities and summary dismissal of erring police
members.
FUNCTIONS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION 1. PRIMARY OR LINE FUNCTIONS
- functions that carry out the major purposes of the organization, delivering the services and dealing
directly with the public
- the backbone of the police department
- examples of the line functions of the police are patrolling, traffic duties, crime investigation
2. STAFF/ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS
- functions that are designed to support the line functions and assist in the performance of the line
functions
- examples of the staff functions of the police are planning, research, budgeting and legal advice
3. AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
- functions involving the logistical operations of the organization
- examples are training, communication, maintenance, records management, supplies and equipment management
ORGANIC UNITS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION 1. OPERATIONAL UNITS
- those that perform primary or line functions
- examples are patrol, traffic, investigation and vice control, 2. ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS
- those that perform the administrative functions examples are personnel, finance, planning and
training.
3. SERVICE UNITS
- those that perform auxiliary functions
- examples are communication, records management,supplies. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
- the systematic arrangement of the relationship of the members, positions,departments and
functions or work of the organization
- it is comprised of functions, relationships,responsibilities and authorities of individuals within
the organization
KINDS OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES 1. LINE
- the oldest and simplest kind; also called military
- defined by its clear chain of command from the highest to the lowest and vice versa - depicts the line functions of the organization
- orders or commands must come from the higher level of authority before it can be carried out
- involves few departments 2. FUNCTIONAL
- depicts staff functions of the organization
- responsibilities are divided among authorities who are all accountable to the authority above.
3. LINE AND STAFF
- a combination of the line and functional kind
- combines the flow of information from the line structure with the staff departments that service,
advise, and support them
- generally more formal in nature and has many departments ORGANIZATIONAL PRINCIPLES
FOUR PRIMAL CONDITIONS OF AN ORGANIZATION 1. AUTHORITY
- the supreme source of government for any particular organization
- the right to exercise, to decide and to command by virtue of rank and position 2. MUTUAL COOPERATION
- an organization exists because it serves a purpose. 3. DOCTRINE
- provides for the organization’s objectives
- provides the various actions, hence, policies, procedures, rules and regulations of the org. are based on the statement of doctrines
4. DISCIPLINE
- comprising behavioral regulations
ELEMENTS OF POLICE ORGANIZATION 1. UNITY OF COMMAND
- dictates that there should only be ONE MAN commanding the unit to ensure uniformity in the execution of
orders
2. SPAN OF CONTROL
- the maximum number of subordinates that a superior can effectively supervise Factors affecting the span of control:
a) Leadership qualities of the supervisors b) Nature of the job and work conditions c) Complexity of task
d) Education and skill of the employees 3. DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY
- conferring of an amount of authority by a superior position to a lower-level position. 4. HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY
- the relationship between superiors and subordinates
- serves as the framework for the flow of authority downward and obedience upward through the
department
HIERARCHY - represents the formal relationship among superiors and subordinates in any given
organization
5. SPECIALIZATION
SPECIALIZATION OF JOBS (AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION)
- the designation of certain activities or tasks as ones that must be performed in a highly.
technological,scientific or precise manner
- areas of police specialization include undercover works, crime scene operations, legal advising,
computer work, SWAT operations and others SPECIALIZATION OF PEOPLE (SPECIALISTS)
- the designation of particular persons as having expertise in a specific area of work - signifies the adaptation of an individual to the requirements through extensive training
6. CHAIN OF COMMAND
- the arrangement of officers from top to bottom on the basis of rank or position and authority.
7. COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY
- dictates that immediate commanders shall be responsible for the effective supervision and
control.
BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE POLICING SYSTEM
The institution of police in the Philippines formally started during the Spanish period. The establishment of
the police force was not entirely intended for crime prevention nor peacekeeping. Rather, it was created as an extension of the colonial military establishment. Ancient Roots
The forerunner of the contemporary police system was the practice of barangay chieftains to select
able-bodied young men to protect their barangay during the night and were not required to work
in the fields during daytime.Among the duties of those selected were to protect the properties
of the people in the barangay and protect their crops and livestock from wild animals. Spanish Period
Carabineros de Seguridad Publica – organized in 1712 for the purpose of carrying the regulations
of the Department of State; this was armed and considered as the mounted police; years after, this kind of police organization discharged the duties of a port, harbor and river police.
Guardrilleros/Cuardillo – this was a body of rural police by the Royal Decree of 18 January 1836, this decree provided that 5% of the able-bodied male inhabitants of each province were to be enlisted in this police organization for three years
Guardia Civil – this was created by a Royal Decree issued by the Crown on 12 February 1852
to partially relieve the Spanish Peninsular troops of their work in policing towns,it consisted of a body
of Filipino policemen organized originally in each of the provincial capitals of the central provinces
of Luzon under the Alcalde Mayor American Period
The Americans established the United States Philippine Commission headed by General Howard Taft as its first governor-general. On January 9, 1901, the Metropolitan Police Force of Manila was organized pursuant to Act No 70of the Taft Commission. This has become the basis for the celebration of the anniversary of the Manila’s Finest every January 9th.
ACT NO 175 – entitled “An Act Providing for the Organization and Government of an Insular Constabulary”,enacted on July 18, 1901.
Henry T. Allen - Captain of the 6th US cavalry, a graduate of West Point class 1882. Father of the Philippine Constabulary.The first chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1901.
ACT NO 183 - created the Manila Police Department, enacted on July 31, 1901. CAPT GEORGE CURRY - the first chief of police
of the Manila Police Department in 1901.
Act No 255 – the act that renamed the Insular Constabulary into Philippine Constabulary,
enacted on October 3, 1901
Executive Order 389 – ordered that the Philippine Constabulary be one of the four services
of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, enacted on December 23, 1940. Post-American Period
RA 4864 – otherwise known as the Police Professionalization Act of 1966, enacted on September 8, 1966; created the Police Commission (POLCOM) as a supervisory agency to oversee the
training and professionalization of the local police forces under the Office of the President; later POLCOM was renamed into National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM). Martial Law Period
PD 765 – otherwise known as the Integration Act of 1975,enacted on August 8, 1975; established the Integrated National Police (INP) composed of the Philippine
Constabulary (PC)
as the nucleus and the integrated local police forces as components, under the Ministry of National
Defense
- transferred the NAPOLCOM from the Office of the President to the Ministry of National Defense
Post Martial Law Regime
Executive Order No 1012 – transferred to the city and municipal government the operational
supervision and direction over all INP units assigned within their locality; issued on July 10, 1985
the INP
from the Ministry of National Defense to the National Police Commission RA 6975 – otherwise known as the Department of the Interior andLocal Government Act of 1990,
enacted on December 13,1990; reorganized the DILG and established the Philippine National Police,
Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and the Philippine Public Safety College.
RA 8551 – otherwise known as the Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act
of 1998, enacted on February 25, 1998; this law amended certain provisions of RA 6975.
RA 9708 - law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 on the minimum educational
qualification for appointment to the PNP and adjusting the promotion system; approved on 12 August 2009.
- An Act extending for five (5) years the reglementary period for complying with the minimum educational qualification for appointment to the PNP and adjusting the promotion system thereof,amending for the purpose pertinent provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 and for other purposes.
Administration of Police Organization Review Questions 1
1.A primary subdivision of a bureau with a department wide responsibility for providing a specific specialized functions. A.SectionB.Sector C.Squad
D.Detail
2.A subdivision of a squad
A.Section B.Unit
C.Sector D.Detail
3.A subdivision of a unit.
A.Section B.Unit
C.Squad D.Detail
4.A subdivision of a section.
A.Precinct B.Unit
C.Squad D.Detail
5.The primary geographic subdivision of a precinct. A.Post
B.Sector C. Section D.Unit
6.The primary subdivision of a sector.
A.Post B.Beat
C. Unit D.Sector
7.One of several tours of duty.
A.Detail B.Post
C. Shift D.Beat
8.Fixed geographic location usually assigned to an individual officer A.Post
B.Beat C. Shift D.Section
9.The primary geographic subdivision of the patrol operation bureau. A. Precinct
B.Section C. Sector D.Unit
10.It means planning the work of the department and of the personnel in an orderly manner.
A.Plan B.Delegate
C. Oversee D.Organize
Memorize the following:
1.Organize - it means planning the work of the department and of the personnel in an orderly manner.
2.Oversee - It means that the supervisor ensures that the work that has been organized and delegated is satisfactorily
completed.
3.Delegate - It means giving someone else the responsibility and authority to do something. 4.Precinct - the primary geographic subdivision of the patrol operation bureau.
6.Shift - one of several tours of duty.
7.Beat - the primary subdivision of a sector.
8.Sector - the primary geographic subdivision of a precinct. 9.Unit - subdivision of a section.
10.Squad - a subdivision of a unit. 11.Detail - a subdivision of a squad.
12.Section - a primary subdivision of a bureau with a department wide responsibility for providing a specific specialized functions.
Answers: Administration of Police Organization 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. D
Administration Of Police Organization Review Questions 2
1. A nationwide, cooperative statistical effort of law enforcement agencies voluntarily reporting data on crimes brought to their attention.
A. National Crime Reporting B. Uniform Crime Reporting
C. National Statistic Report D. National Police Crime Report
2. It post the location of murder's, rapes, robberies, carnapping and other major crimes of the locality.
A. Crime hot spots B. Crime incident location
C. Crime spot map D. Crime mapping
3. It post the the motor vehicle and pedestrian accident which occur in the area. A. Traffic spot map
B. Traffic crime map C. Traffic statistic report D. Traffic incidence report
4. Useful to indicate the traffic accidents and crime location. A.Traffic map
B. Traffic and crime map C. Crime map
D. Spot map
5. Each time any file is issued, a record should be made on a color charge-out which is often called a “Substitution Card” or an “Out Card” which takes the place of a file that has been removed from the cabinet.
A. Borrower's card B. Document card
C. Borrower's slip D. Charged out card
6. A file showing the history of each police officer, both prior and subsequent to joining the force, is indispensable.
A. Personal records B. Policy,order,memoranda file C. Assignment record
D. Correspondence file
7. This consist of set or records of communications classified, arranged and filed alphabetically by the subject to which they pertain.
A. Personal record B. Policy,order,memoranda file C. Assignment record
D. Correspondence file
8. This consist of photographic records of known criminals and describe the procedure how criminals commit crime.
A. Modus operandi file B. Operation file
C. Method of operation file D. Criminal file
9. A notation put into a file to indicate that a record is not stored in that file but in some other location specified therein. It tells the filer or searcher where to find the needed material. A. Reference B. Cross reference C. File notation D. Cross location
10.Making an identifying mark on the item to be stored to indicate what classifications it is to be filed .
A. Identifying B. Classifying
C. Coding D. Differentiating
Remember the ff: Administration of Police Organization
1. Uniform Crime Reporting - A nationwide, cooperative statistical effort of law enforcement agencies voluntarily reporting data on crimes brought to their attention.
2. Crime spot map - It post the location of murder's, rapes, robberies, carnapping and other major crimes of the locality.
3. Traffic spot map - It post the the motor vehicle and pedestrian accident which occur in the area.
4. Spot map - Useful to indicate the traffic accidents and crime location.
5. Charged out card - Each time any file is issued, a record should be made on a color charge-out which is often called a Substitution Card or an Out Card which takes the place of a file that has been removed from the cabinet.
6. Personal records - A file showing the history of each police officer, both prior and subsequent to joining the force, is indispensable.
7. Correspondence file - This consist of set or records of communications classified, arranged and filed alphabetically by the subject to which they pertain.
8. Modus operandi file - This consist of photographic records of known criminals and describe the procedure how criminals commit crime.
9. Cross reference - A notation put into a file to indicate that a record is not stored in that file but in some other location specified therein. It tells the filer or searcher where to find the needed material.
10.Coding - Making an identifying mark on the item to be stored to indicate what classifications it is to be filed .
11. The accredited professional organization for criminologists in the Philippines is the PCAP - Professional Criminologist Association of the Philippines.
12.The Professional Criminologists Association of the Philippines (PCAP) was accredited by PRC on March 25, 1990 as the professional organization for criminologists in the country.
13. The Board of Examiners for Criminology was created on July 1, 1972, pursuant to Republic Act No. 6506 entitled “An Act Creating the Board
of Examiners for Criminologists in the Philippines and For Other Purposes.” 14. The first Board, constituted in 1987, was composed of
1. Dr. Sixto O. de Leon as Chairman 2. Atty. Virgilio B. Andres as member 3. Jaime S. Navarro as member
15.Republic Act No. 6506 - An Act Creating the Board
of Examiners for Criminologists in the Philippines and for Other Purposes. 16. Lourdes W. Aniceto - the present chairman of the board of criminology. 17. Ernesto V. Cabrera - the present member of the board of criminology.
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C
Administration of police organization review questions 3
1. There are how many staff directorate in the Philippine National Police? A. 8
B. 10 C. 12 D. 14
2. The second highest ranking officer in the PNP. A. Deputy Director General for Operation B. Chief of the Directorial Staff
C. NCR Director D. None of the Above
3. What is the rank of the PNP Chief of the Directorial Staff? A. 3 Star General
B. 2 Star General C. 1 Star General D. None of the Above
4. This theory of Police service is followed by the PNP. A. Continental Theory
B. Home Rule Theory C. Modern Rule Theory D. None of the Above
5. Under this theory of police service, policemen are considered servants of the community. A. Continental Theory
B. Home Rule Theory C. Modern Rule Theory
D. None of the Above
6. Under this theory of police service, policemen are considered servants of the
higher authority and people have little share or no share of all there duties nor any direct connection with them.
A. Continental Theory B. Home Rule Theory C. Modern Rule Theory D. None of the Above
7. This concept of police service says that punishment is the sole instrument of crime control, throwing more people to jail rather than keeping them out of jail.
A. Old Concept B. Modern Concept C. Community Concept D. None of the Above
8. This concept of police service says that the yardstick of efficiency of police is the absence of crime.
A. Old Concept B. Modern Concept C. Community Concept D. None of the Above
9. This type of organizational structure divides authority between several specialist. A. Line Organization
B. Functional Organization C. Line Staff Organization D. None of the Above
10.It is the simplest type of organizational structure,Channels of authority and responsibility extends in a direct line from top to bottom within the structure.
A. Line Organization
B. Functional Organization C. Line staff Organization D. None of the Above Answer: 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. A
Administration of Police Organization Reviewer 4
1. This type of organizational structure is found in almost all police organization today. A. Line Organization
B. Functional Organization C. Line Staff Organization D. None of the Above
2. An organization is effective if it enables the individual to contribute to the organizations objective.
A. Principle of Unity of Objective
B. Principle of Organizational efficiency C. Scalar Principle
D. Unity of Command
3. Organization is effective if it is structured in such a way to aid the accomplishment of the organization's objective
with a minimum cost.
A. Principle of Unity of Objective
B. Principle of Organizational efficiency C. Scalar Principle
D. Unity of Command
4. The vertical heirarchy of an organization which defines an unbroken chain of units from top to bottom describing explicitly the flow of authority.
A. Principle of Unity of Objective
B. Principle of Organizational efficiency C. Scalar Principle
D. Unity of Command
5. A subordinate should only follow the command of one superior. A. Unity of command
B. Span of control
C. Delegation of authority D. Principle of balance
6. The control of superior should not be more than what he can effectively direct. A. Unity of command
B. Span of control
C. Delegation of authority D. Principle of balance
7. The assignment of authority and responsibility to another person. A. Unity of command
B. Span of control
C. Delegation of authority D. Principle of balance
8. Refers to the division of work according to type, place, time and specialization. A. Functional Principle
B. Line and Staff principle C. Principle of balance
D. Principle of delegation result
9. To ensure the effectiveness of the structure in meeting the organization's objective. A. Functional Principle
B. Line and Staff principle C. Principle of balance
D. Principle of delegation result expected
10.That which implies the system of varied functions, arrange into a workable pattern. A. Functional Principle
B. Line and Staff principle C. Principle of balance
D. Principle of delegation result expected Answer: 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. B
Administration of Police Organization Review Questions 5
1. The authority delegated should be adequate to ensure the ability to accomplish expected result.
A. Functional Principle B. Line and Staff principle C. Principle of balance
D. Principle of delegation result expected
2. The responsibility of the subordinates to their superior for performance is absolute and superior can not escape responsibility for the organization on activities performed by their subordinates.
A. Principle of Absolute Responsibility B. Principle of balance
C. Principle of Parity and Responsibility D. Principle of delegation
3. The responsibility for actions can not be greater than that implied by the authority delegated nor should it be less.
A. Principle of Absolute Responsibility B. Principle of balance
C. Principle of Parity and Responsibility D. Principle of delegation
4. This law organized the Manila Police department. A. Act 183
B. R.A. 8551 C. E.O. 1012 D. E.O. 1040
5. Transferred the operational supervision and direction over all INP units to the city and municipal government.
A. Act 183 B. R.A. 8551 C. E.O. 1012 D. E.O. 1040
6. Transferred the administrative control and supervision of the INP from Ministry of National Defense to the office of the Napolcom.
A. Act 183 B. R.A. 8551 C. E.O. 1012 D. E.O. 1040
7. The Transfer of the administrative control and supervision of the INP from Ministry of National Defense to the office of the Napolcom took effect on.
A. July 10, 1985 B. July 10, 1986 C. July 10, 1987 D. July 10, 1988
8. The Manila Police Department was organized on. A. July 31, 1900
B. July 31, 1901 C. July 31, 1902 D. July 31, 1903
9. Granted to those who possesses the mandatory promotional requirement. A. Regular Promotion
B. Special Promotion C. A and B
D. None of the Above
10.Extended to PNP members who acted conspicuously beyond and above the call of duty.
A. Regular Promotion B. Special Promotion
C. A and B
D. None of the Above Answer: 1. D 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. B
Administration of Police Organization Review Questions 6
1. A PNP officer before eligible for promotion to the rank of Senior Superintendent must first obtained
what mandatory training requirement? A. General Staff Course
B. Officer Senior Executive Course C. Officer Advance Course
D. Officer Basic Course
2. A PNP officer before eligible for promotion to the rank of Superintendent must first secure what
mandatory training requirement? A. General Staff Course
B. Officer Senior Executive Course C. Officer Advance Course
D. Officer Basic Course
3. A PNP officer before eligible for promotion to the rank of Chief Inspector must first secure what
mandatory training requirement. A. General Staff Course
B. Officer Senior Executive Course C. Officer Advance Course
D. Officer Basic Course
4. A PNP officer before eligible for promotion to the rank of Senior Inspector must first secure what
mandatory training requirement. A. General Staff Course
B. Officer Senior Executive Course C. Officer Advance Course
5. Before an officer is appointed to the rank of PNP Inspector, He/She must finish what mandatory training
requirement?
A. General Staff Course
B. Officer Senior Executive Course C. Officer Candidate Course
D. Officer Basic Course
6. Before a PNP enlisted personnel is appointed to the rank of SPO3 to SPO4, what mandatory training requirement must he/she undertake?
A. Senior Leadership Course B. Basic Leadership Course C. Public Safety Basic Course D. None of the Above
7. Before a PNP enlisted personnel is appointed to the rank of PO2 to PO3, what mandatory training requirement must he/she undertakes?
A. Senior Leadership Course B. Basic Leadership Course C. Public Safety Basic Course D. None of the Above
8. Highest award in the PNP. A. Medalya ng Kasanayan B. Medalya ng Kabayanihan C. Medalya ng Katapangan D. Medalya ng Kagitingan
9. PNP's mandatory retirement age. A. 55
B. 56 C. 60 D. 65
10. Optional retirement requires the approval of the A. DILG Secretary
B. Napolcom C. Chief of the PNP
D. President of the Philippines Answer: 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. D
9. B 10. B Note:
Mandatory Promotional Requirement 1. Educational Attainment
2. Time in Grade 3. Eligibility
4. Mandatory Training Requirement 5. Performance Evaluation Rating
6. Awards and Commendations Received 7. Clearances
Mandatory Training Requirement
1. Senior Superintendent - GSC (General Staff Course, MNSA, or MPSA (Master in Public Safety Administration)
2. Superintendent - OSEC (Officer Senior Executive Course) 3. Chief Inspector - Officer Advance Course
4. Senior Inspector - Officer Basic Course 5. Inspector - Officer Candidate Course 6. SPO3 to SPO4 - Senior Leadership Course 7. SPO1 to SPO2 - Basic leadership Course 8. PO2 to PO3 - Public safety Basic Course
Performance Evaluation Rating - made by supervisor twice a year. January to June, July to December
5 - Outstanding 4 - Very Satisfactory 3 - Satisfactory 2 - Fair
1 - Poor
Administration of Police Organization Definition of Terms
Area - a section or territorial division of a large city each composed of designated districts.
Beat - an area designated for patrol purposes whether on foot or motorized. Bureau - largest organic unit within a large department.
Commanding Officer- an officer who is in command of the department, a bureau, a division, an area, or a district.
Department Rules - rules established by department directors\superiors to control the conduct of the members of the police force.
District - a geographical subdivision of a city for patrol purposes usually with its own station.
Division - a primary subdivision of a bureau.
Duty Manual - describes the procedures and defines the duties ofofficers assigned to specified post or position.
Formal Organization - is defined as those organizations that areformally established for explicit purpose of achieving certain goals.
Functional Organization - The functional responsibility of each functional manager is limited to the particular activity over which he has control, regardless of who performs the function.
Henry Allen - a captain, first chief of the constabulary.
Informal Organization - are those sharing the basic characteristic of all organizations arise through the social interactions of individuals or through family grouping.
Leave of Absence- period, which an officer is excused from active duty by any valid reason, approved by higher authority.
Length of Service- the period of time that has elapsed since the oath of office was administered.Previous active services may be included or added.
Line Organization - is the simplest and the oldest types of organization where responsibility extends in a direct line from top to bottom within the structures and authority is definite and absolute.
line and staff organization is a combination of the line and functional types. Off Duty - the nature of which the police officer is free from specific routine duty.
On Duty - the period when an officer is actively engaged in the performance of his duty. Order – an instruction given by a ranking officer to a subordinate.
Organization - It is a form of human association for the attainment of goal or objective. patrol officer - is the backbone of the police department.
PD 765 - created the PC-INP.
Police - is a branch of the criminal justice system that has the specific responsibility of maintaining law and order and combating crime within the society.
Police organization - is a group of trained personnel in the field ofpublic
safety administration engaged in the achievement of goals and objectives that promotes the maintenance of crimes.
Post - a fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned for duty, such as a designated desk or office or an intersection or cross walk from traffic duty.It is a
spot location for general guard duty.
Ranking Officer- the officer who has the senior rank in a team or group. RA 4864 - established Napolcom.Known as police act of 1966.
Rafael Crame - first filipini chief of the constabulary.
Report - usually a written communication unless otherwise specifies to be verbal reports; verbalreports should be confirmed by written communication.
Route - (line beat) a length of street designated for patrol purposes. Section - functional units within a division.
Sector - an area containing two or more beat, route, or post.
Sick leave - period which an officer is excused from active duty by reason of illness or injury.
Special Duty - the police service, its nature, which requires that the officer be excused from the performance of his active regular duty.
Superior Officer- one having supervisory responsibilities, either temporarily or permanently, over officers of lower rank.
Suspension - a consequence of an act which temporarily deprives an officer from the privilege of performing his duties as result of violating directives or other department regulations.
Sworn Officers - all personnel of the police department who have taken oath and who posses the power to arrest.
Unit - functional group within a section; or the smallest functional group within an organization.
Patrol Organization and Operation
Patrol - from french patrouiller - to paddle, paw about, patrol.
- keep watch over an area by regularly walking or traveling around or through it. - a person or group of people sent to keep watch over an area.
Patrol officers - are uniformed officers assigned to monitor specific geographical areas, that is to move through their areas at regular intervals looking out for any signs of problems of any kind.
1. Ancient China - law enforcement was carried out by prefect. Prefects were
government officials appointed by local magistrates who reported to higher authorities such as the governors who in turn were appointed by head of state usually the emperor of the dynasty.
2. Ancient Greece - publicly owned slaves were used by magistrates as police.In Athens, a group of 300 Scythian slaves (rod-bearers) was used to guard public meetings to keep order and for crowd control and also assisted with dealing with criminal, handling prisoners and making arrests.
3. Roman empire - the army rather than a dedicated police organization provided security. Local watchmen were hired by cities to provide some extra
security.Magistrates such as procurators, fiscals and quaestros investigated crime. Under the reign of Augustus, 14 wards were created, the wards were protected by seven squads of 1000 men called vigiles who acted as firemen and night watchmen. Their duties included apprehending thieves and robbers and capturing run away slaves.
The vigiles were supported by the urban cohorts who acted as a heavy duty riot force and praetorian guard if necessary.
praetorian guard - bodyguards used by roman emperors.
urban cohorts - were created by Augustus to counter balance the enormous power of the praetorian guard in the city of Rome and serve as the police force.
vigiles - (watchmen of the city) - were the firefighters and police of ancient Rome.
ward - a subdivision of a municipality.
4. Medieval England - the Anglo-Saxon system of maintaining public order since the Norman conquest was a private system of tithing, led by a constable to enforce the law.
tithing - was a grouping of 10 households.
constable - is a person holding a particular office most commonly in law enforcement. The office of constable can vary significantly in different jurisdiction.
5. Spain - modern police in Europe has a precedent in the Hermandus or (brotherhood) - peace keeping association of individuals, a characteristic of municipal life in medieval Spain. The first recorded case of the formation of the hermandad occurred when the towns and the peasantry of the north united to police the pilgrim road to Santiago de compostela in galicia and protect the pilgrims against robber knights.
6. France - The first police force in the modern sense was created by the government of king Louis XIV in 1667 to police the city of Paris, then the largest city in Europe.
7. Britain and Ireland - in England, a system of sheriffs, reeves and investigative juries to provide basic security and law enforcement.
Sheriff - is a contraction of the term "shire-reeve" - designated a royal official responsible for keeping the peace through out a shire or county on behalf of the king.
Reeve - a senior official with local responsibilities under the crown. ex., chief magistrate of a town or district.
Shire - traditional term for a division of land in the UK and Australia.
Jury - is a sworn body of people convened to render impartial verdict officially submitted to them by a court or to set a penalty or judgement.
Thief taker - a private individual hired to capture criminal.
Bow street runners - London's first professional police force.
Henry Fielding - a magistrate educated at Elton college who founded the Bow street runners originally numbered just six.
Statute of Winchester - in 1285, obliged the authorities of every town to keep a watch at the city gates and arrest all suspicious night walkers.
Sir Robert Peel - prime minister of England from Dec. 1834 to April 1835 and again From Aug.1841 to June 1846. While home secretary, help create the
modern concept of the police force leading to officers being known as bobbies in England and peelers in Ireland.
Patrick Colquhoun - (1745 - 1820) - a Scottish merchant and a magistrate who founded the first regular preventive police force in England, the Thames river police.
8. In the US - the first city police services were established in Philadelphia in 1751, Boston 1838 and new york 1845.
August Vollmer - first police chief of Berkeley California. He is sometimes called the father of modern law enforcement in the US.
1. He was the first chief to require that police officers attain college degrees.
2. First police chief to create a motorized force placing officers on
motorcycles and cars so that they could patrol broader areas with greater efficiency . 3. He was also the first to use the lie detector in police work.
O.W. Wilson - studied under August Vollmer. Became Chief of Police of the Fullerton police department. He also became chief of police of the Wichita police department. He introduced the following reforms and innovations:
1. requires new policeman to have college education.
2. use of police car for patrol, mobile radios and use of a mobile crime laboratory. 3. he believe that the use of a two way radio allowed better supervision of patrol
What are the 3 main task of supervision?
1. Organize - means planning the work of the department and of the personnel in an orderly
manner.
2. Delegate - means giving someone else the responsibility and authority to do something. The
supervisor confers upon a subordinate officer the same authority and responsibility that the
supervisor possesses to accomplish the specific task The supervisor remain responsible for the
completion of the delegated task.
3. Oversee - means that the supervisor ensures that the work that has been organized and delegated is
satisfactorily completed.
Community policing - is the process by which an organized group of citizens devoted a time to crime prevention within a neighborhood. When suspecting criminal activities, members are encourage to contact the authorities and not to intervene.
Beat patrol - the deployment of officers in a given community, area or locality to prevent and deter criminal activity and to provide day to day services to the community.
Sting Operations - organized groups of detectives who deceived criminals into openly committing illegal acts of conspiring to engage in criminal activity.
Hotspots of Crime - the view that a significant portion of all police calls in cities typically radiate from a relatively few locations.
Models of Policing
1. Neighborhood Oriented Policing - a philosophy of police suggesting that problem solving is best done
at the neighborhood level, where issues originate not at a far-off central headquarters.
2. Pro Active Policing - aggressive law enforcement style in which patrol officers take the initiative
against crime instead of waiting for criminal acts to occur.
3. Problem Oriented Policing - a style of police management that stresses pro active problem
solving instead of reactive crime fighting.
4.Community Oriented Policing - programs designed to bring the police and the public closer together
and create more cooperative working environment between them.
5. Reactive Policing - the opposite of Pro Active policing where the police wait for crime to occur.
Blue Curtain - describes the secrecy and insulation from others in society that is a consequence of the police subculture.
and selfishness.
Civilian Review Board - ex. PLEB - organized citizen groups that examine police misconduct.
Watchman - style of policing characterized by an emphasis on maintaining public order.
Fleeing Felon Rule - the oldest standard relating to the use of deadly force. Beats - designated police patrol areas.
Internal Affairs - unit that investigates allegations of police misconduct.
Deadly Force - police killing of a suspect who resists arrest or presents a danger to an officer or the community.
Booking - the administrative record of an arrest listing the offenders name, address, physical description, date of birth, time of arrest, offense and name of arresting officer. It also include photographing and fingerprinting of the offender.
Line Up - placing a suspect in a group for the purpose of being viewed and identified by a witness.
Stop and Frisk - the situation in which police officers who are suspicious of an
individual run their hands lightly over the suspects outer garments to determine if the person is carrying a concealed weapon. Also called Inquiry of Pat Down.
Foot Patrol - police patrol that takes officer out of cars and puts them in walking beat to strengthen ties with the community.
Excited Delirium - an overdose of adrenaline that can occur in heated confrontation with the police.
* Patrol reduces crime by creating an impression of omnipresence.
Responding to Crime - total response time is comprised of four dimensions. 1. Discovery Time - interval between the commission of the crime and its discovery. 2. Reporting Time - interval between the discovery of the crime and when it is reported to the police.
3. Processing Time - interval between receiving the call and dispatching the officers for service.
4. Travel time - the amount of time it takes for the police to travel to the scene of the crime.
The Phantom Effect - "residual deterrence" most people believe that the police is present even when the are not in sight.
Advantages of Foot/Bicycle Patrol
1. Increased personal contact between the police and citizen. 2. Increased observation ability.
3. Increased ability to gather information 4. Economical
Advantages of Motorized Patrol 1. Increased speed and mobility 2. Increased conspicuousness
3. Availability of additional equipment 4. Increased transportation capability 5. Deceased response time
6. Communications
Basic Preventive Patrol Methods Utilized by an Officer 1. Frequent check and contact with business premises
2. Frequent check of suspicious persons 3. Fluctuating patrol patterns
4. Maintenance of visibility and personal contact 5. Daily individual patrol and community action plan
Factors to be Considered in Becoming Familiar with the Community 1. General population information
2. Appropriate geographical information 3. Recent criminal activity
4. Specific factors that may influence patrol functions ex. location of hospitals, high crime areas,
community habits.
How to Prepare for a Normal Patrol Shift
1. Gathering information through crime reports and briefings 2. Gathering needed materials ex. report forms, citation books 3. Obtaining and checking equipment
4. Planning work around identified priorities
5. Preparing daily patrol and community action plan
What an Officer on Night time Patrol Should be Looking for 1. broken glasses
2. open doors and windows 3. pry marks
4. suspicious vehicles 5. persons on foot
6. differences in normal lighting (on or Off) 7. unusual sounds
8. access to roof tops or upper floors Definition of Terms
1. Section - a primary subdivision of a bureau with a department wide responsibility for providing a
2. Unit - a subdivision of a section usually small in size with personnel assigned to perform a
specialized activity, one or two employees performing assigned work. 3. Squad - a subdivision of a unit.
4. Detail - a subdivision of a squad.
5. Precinct -the primary geographic subdivision of the patrol operation bureau. 6. Sector - the primary geographic subdivision of a precinct, supervised by a sergeant.
7. Beat - the primary subdivision of a sector. 8. Watch/Shift - one of several tours of duty.
9. Post - a fixed geographic location usually assigned to an individual officer.
10.Task Force - an adhoc work group normally established by bureau commander to respond to a
specific incident or series of related incidents. Task Force assignment is temporary. 11.Chief of Police - overall commander of the department.
12.Chain of Command - a fundamental component of proper supervision.The chain of command
requires that each employee reports and is accountable to only one direct supervisor.
Patrol Organization and Operation Reviewer 1
1. Sir Robert Peel introduced the Metropolitan Police Act and passed by the parliament of England on
A. 1828 B. 1829 C. 1830 D. 1831
2. Considered as the father of modern policing system. A. Sir Robert Peel
B. August Vollmer C. Edgar Hoover D. Henry Armstrong
3. In the principles of law enforcement enunciated by Sir Robert Peel, the basic mission of the police is
A. Prevention of crime B. Enforcement of the law
C. Maintenance of peace and order D. None of the above
4. One of the feature of this act is that no freeman shall be taken or imprisoned except by the judgment of his peer
A. Magna Carta B. Statute of 1295 C. Legies Henry D. None of the above
the beginning of the curfew hours A. Statute of 1295
B. Statute of 1775 C. Statute of 1827 D. Statute of 1834
6. A Position having power to arrest, punish, and imposes imprisonment. A. Justice of the Peace
B. Sheriff
C. Star Chamber Court D. traveling Judge
7. A Special Court that tried cases against the state. A. Shire-Reeve
B. Star Chamber Court C. Magna Carta
D. Legies Henry
8. He is held responsible in passing judgment that was taken from the shire-reeve in view of some abuses.
A. Legies Henry
B. star Chamber Court C. Justice of the Peace D. Traveling Judge
9. An Act enacted in England with the following features: a. Policeman became public servant
b. The Police has a broad power of arrest
c. Grand Jury was created to inquire on the violations of the law. A. Statute of 1295
B. Star Chamber Court C. Legies Henry D. Magna Carta 10. Shire means A. Ruler B. District C. Police D. Judge 11. Reeve means A. Ruler B. District C. Police D. Judge