Wargames Illustrated 060

(1)

Price

fl.70

I S S N 0 3 5 ? - h q q q

(2)

ESTABLISHED

1979

Island, Essex 58 OPE Unit 1, Shannon Centre, Shannon Square, Thames Estuarv Estate. Canvey

Fi|urcs painted b]

1 s m m B I B L I C A L

R A N G E

Special Forces, 1A Lovewick Cnts. Lontlon SEIl

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T E L E P H O N E O R D E R S 0268 682309 0268 681584 FAX, ORDERS ONLY

0268 510151

ALL CREDIT CARD OFDERS

D E S P A T C H E D W I T H N 2 4 H O U R S Poslaq€ & Packinq ctes for UK& BFPO

M n m u m P o s l a g e & P a c k n g -7 5 p O r d e 6 v a l u e o v e r f 7 5 0 a n d u n d e f 1 3 0 -O r d s s o v e f f 3 0 P o S T F R E E T

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THE BEST WARGAIVTNE FIGUF'ES 'IV THE WOBLD!

Moe titu and tMrch in the anination a.d design ol he oiginal naster F qut$ nouucd and ast wth head va an$ to add rcahsn ro you a'hies Bend noulding and nstilg with note st ryenr chek on quality.

Catelul pa&asins to nake surc you ligutes get to wu in the ehe pristine nnditbn ther lea@ on eaisi.

CTOSE UP. EARTY FRENCH NAPOTEOI{IC NAP,/AP1(cl FRENCH ARMY - c 1aO2 - 18Og

Suitable lor ltalian, Russian canpaigns etc, ,isht up to Peoinsutar WaL - t75

See us at:- "CoLoURS" 92,

lhe HEXAGoTI llwh , R.adiq, Sept lgth & 20k

ITIE BIGGEST WABEAD'ES EVETIT OF THE YEAN! DONT HISS IT! SEND FOR OUB FULLY ILLUS|RATED CATALOGUE ONLY f2.95

RANGES INCLUDE:

1798- t808

3 Mounred Otficers

90lntanrry{inc Olfacersandsrandardbearers) 2 6 ' Howilzers wiih crew

25NM: SAMUNAI, GRAND ALLIAN CE {IATE 1 7Th C. EUOPEI. LOUIS XIV AR MY. OTIOMAN TtJ R KS, EANTY NAPOI.EON, IN DIAN MUTINY, SEVEN YEANS WAR, ALAMO. OLD WEST& AMERICAN CIVILWAF.

20mm: WORIO WAR TWO FIGURES & 1/76 SCALE ARMOUBED VEHICLES.IcERMAN. |TAL|AN, ER|T|SH & ALLTEO SO FAFI 15mm:AGE OF MARLBOROUGH linc. Grcar Nonh€hwarl& INOIAN MUTINY.

ColllllG S00N ltl Ennt ttORE ACw CoMuA DEns! _{hdudi\g thod, Fo6tetc.l,}ALSo ufER FnE rcH AqoIE0NIC!

U76 trfln

'WO&LD WARMO Ar?l"ortBED FrtctrT'rryc uErtrcr-Es,

GIANTS OF WORLI'

GERIAN TIOEA / |,tBf,E . O[V.Y46.5OP

K E € T E

ausAlt T34/76 ItEIrmn TAI,IT - 16.5q

COUINo

SOON:-GEEMAN PANZEB lV Auslc, Eetz.. el, prcp g@, Opd Alir2 Ad,b.tuM/CMn.t $.hict .G. NEWr PANZEE lll SIDE SKIFfS lcoDwnn@ m) - fi ,96p

SICCCnELSCHNITT , Fasr moing u|w @rymins tur6 tuitade fot dty @t (7sis-47), ad far tust (Thtough to 45). etc- oNLY t795p irc P&P

Appol@ies lor the '@k-up ia the last ad@n lWSa)

h shoul.l have eidi BBlfS Machine gu..er seated, fiing V.*e6 M.c_ NOf "ting p@e tuing brcnt" Ou. si@E @n lolencet to the ttmily of O.re A .op .nd sp€citnt b his wire t'€a.

Dlxoi ill IATURES. SFing Grcve Uills, U.dNlit , Hudd.ffr.ld, W. Yorr.hil., HD7 50c. T.l USrl8rl5l52

POSTAGE & PAC(NG:

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Foundry

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The

Foundry,

Mount

Street,

New

Basford,

Notlingham

NG7

7HX.

Tel:0602792002

Fax:0602

792209

rNorAN ituTtNY (1857n85E) D*igned by Alan & Michael Perry

Fisur$ 500 Hors$ 650

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|M1zb,"[email protected] rM'3o Ms svbi Hdndibcs.lidE rM13r Fsnvlatu u'tu' fB t1,20 t3,5i) STOCKISTS wAFaauesrauuoavn9u6aeonty nfidac!renalfu|u'K,lafury.hdfuy BELGIUM IBELANO

UNTIED STATES OF AMEBICA

SWEDEN

Q!-A-A-4N-GA-S

(6)

6

HEROICS

& ROS

FIGURES

1/300th SCALE METAL FIGUBES f1.40 Packs containinq 50 infantrv or 20 Cavalry or 6 Guns & Crew

H E R O I C S

& R O S

F I G U R E S

Unit

12,

SemingtonTurnpike,

Semington,

Trowbridge,

Wilts.

BA'14

6LB,

England.

Tel:

0380

870228

Fax:

0380

871045

(7)

Opening

Shot

Thanks to everyone who voted WI'Best Wargames Magazine' in the recent F.I.A.S.C.O. polls. We finished ahead of Stuart Asqvith's Pructical Waryame. and Society of Ancients' joumal, Slirgsiot. Full results and F.LA.S.C.O. report nextmonth.

last month I said the results of the Tactical Problem would be in this issue - forgetting that I was off to Historicon and had to finish WI60 within two weeks of WI59 - not enough time for your rcsponses. So, next monlh there'll be rhe Tactical Problem solution and a reDort on Historicon '92.

Page 13 M. Bisbop 17 Richad Clarke 24 Pad Stev€oson 26

x

3l 35 3t 4l Chris Peers John Bsrtl€tt Tim Mccoy Pricr

MafihJon€s Rickie Palrol

Classified Ads

lmWARK IRRECULARS will be meeting again, on an irregular basis. at the Scour Hall. Lovers Lane. Newark. lopposit€ the Editoa. house I The 6rsl thre€ meelings will be Wednesday 26lh Augusl, Wednesday l6lh S€pt€mb€r, and Wednesday 7lh Ocrober. we look fonard (o s€eing anyone who's interested, from Newark and the suroundiDg area, at our infomal gatherings. Funher details from Laurence Baldwin, Tel: Nottm 500066.

Weryames lllusteted is published on the last ThuBday ol each nonlh by: Sttatagem Publicalions Ltd., 18 Lovers Lane, Newark, Notts. NG24 1HZ Tel: 0636 71973 EDITOR: Duncan lilacfarlane. IYPESETIING & REPnODUCTION BY: Prcssplan Services Lld. PRINTED in England. DISTRIAUTORS: Comag Magazane Marketing, Tavistock Road, Wesl Drayton, liiddlesex UB7 7OE. USA| The Emperols Headquarters, 5744 Wesl lruing Palk Road, Chicago, lllinois 60634. Tel:3i2 777 €668. CANADA: RAFI\,4 Crmpany Inc., 20 Parkhill Road East, Cambridge, Onlario, Canada, N'lR 1P6 AUSTRALIA: Bay Complon, Essex ldiniatures Ltd,,9 Lowanna Place, Homsby, NSW 2077. FRANCE: Jeux de Guerre Diffusion, 6 rue de Meissonier, Paris 75017.

I nmnmonn,"G"naD"

narons

I

ROLEPIIIY DISPLIY

29rh AUGUST 10.30 TO 4.30

AT THE ADDISON CENTRE. ADDISON PARK KEMPSTON. (NEAR BEDFORD)

TMDERS INCLUDE: 2nd GAMES GALORE GLADIATOR GAMES

VILLAGE GREEN

BRING

& BUY

REFRESHMENTS

PARKING

FREE

ADMISSION

SUB3CR|PT!O]|S for 1 2 issues of Waroames lllustmtsd a r e f 2 2 i n l h e U . K .

Europe & resl ol Wodd suface: t26. Rest ol World airmail: !36. ITACK IUmBlR3 All issues exceol nos. 1 . 2 & 3 are still available al !2 each oosl Daid.

gack _numbers_{of our}_occasional_sDecial_sxtra_oublication Wargames Wqrld are also still avdilable: Nos. 2. 3. 4: '2.40 posl paid. No.s11.80 posl paid.

Bf[DlnS for Wa€ames lllustrated (capacity 12 issues). BindeE for Wqrgames World €lso ava able, Same capacity. same price. Price:86 post paid in UK.

Be3I of World: add l1 .50 exlra

Dostaoe-Fron! 3TRAIAGEI fU8fiCerrOrs

rro.,

f8loyt6 L.na. f,.wark, oflr.[G24IHZ, E||gLnd,

T]HIE N]RON DIJil(E

ATTENTION AIL COIJRIERS: lnform your

divisional commanders that the Duke's

Headquarters is now situated at 57 Station

Road, Pufton, Swindon, Wilts SN5 9EL. All

dispatches should now be forwarded to this

location with your requests for the

quartermaster. Those awaiting orders are

asked to be patient whilst the Duke dea-ts

with

local enemy partisans cunningly disguised

as builders.

WARGAMESAIIID

. I Qtrd/'h, Pdr)?t gS.nrit

The DainLed

doldie

138 Friem Road

Easr Dulwich Bill Brewer London, SE22 oAY Tel: 0l 693 2449

(8)

8

B.rcl.ycard e Ace3. Ord.rs Wdcohe T6l.phone Loushboroulh 21 3789 24.HOUR ANSAFONE SERVICE FOR C F E D I T C A N D O R O E F S A N O I N O I J I F I E S

O U T O F N O R M A L W O R X I N G H O U R S

Fax No: O5O9 230874

SKYTREX

_{L I M I T E D}

MailOrd8r Address: 2 8 B R O O K S T R E E T

WYMESWOLD L O U G H A O R O U G H

L E I C E S T E R S H I R E Telephone: O5O9 213749

il$l iTlllll

rRlroNl/600thscALEcoAsrALFoRcES

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NEW

MoDELS

FoR

YoUR

GERMAN

NAVY

i. cF3loFlSCHERCrrfiER f1,50 CF3/OWOLFCLASSTYp.24 C6S5 . dri ThesesmaLllrawlerswerewidelvused H€avi.r€scorlinlheformofas50ton r-[!. escon ve$6ts. rorpedo boar.

EF cF322 v.p. BoAT f5.50 cF34t r22 ElBlNc clAss c596 l- B.s€d on a large lGwler d.sign, lhese Tnese Typ€ 39 1300 lon torpedo boais !'.- wella'r.o cr.h were lorm'dable p'ov'ded Lonvov escon ion l9!l ro

1945'

COASTAL FORCES BRITISH FORCES GERMAN FORCES

STARTERPACK f!1.00 cF1 MrB532 tl so cF3ol ssea,v'E'boal .175

mnran:r:fl'ru6. 3i: 1J33,:""".." i;:: :i:3i??:.';':e:!l:i' ill:

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t ] . 9 5 L r s l t r € , ! a s s r ' . w . 1 4 9 ' -niip.

""' *"0 * "t .r4o run, c ars ,?pe t oe(nov. . ^. ITALIAN FORCES

A l h e o r o r F s ' n a l l w a r , ^ . : " L F d o t M s . . v - B r r s o c F . . H u d ( r a $ . v p e l r i . o q 7 q 5 _{i r o i z v 6 : o . v c e} _{L r 5 0}

RUSSIAN FORCES cF.z v & waa escon De

CF45O"G5'CLass{t2) f]95

iiiii'ci" cr"" ttzt t1.95 cF43 v&wlonsranqeescod 1795 cF901 aiishcarsoship t695 (Laiarwarl _' CF902 Gshancarqosh p c695 MORE NEW IVIODELS SHORTLY cF903 srilishcaMsh p t6 9s WATCH THIS SPACE CF904 O lank€r r7 5a

RED

EAGLE

WWI AIRCRAFT

1N44Ih SCALE METALAIRCBAFT KITS

l-1 T- ' d4q' -a\bee- nucl ran'€

I RED EAGLE STARTER PACK f13.50 I ao ".o*, t"q- seo rou,a*o-s oo.,p.€ded rih's I I n c l u d e s r u l e s , 4 a i r c r a t l | ' n ? r a r n a p e @ o ' _ a v d l ' s r o 1

lC oo FVSwt0 1595 Lru -vsaLodooi t4e_

NEw MODELS THIS MONTH Elol NMsMnotau !495 cl23 NMsDevasloi r4'ss gM23gRundrc1ll1gltl Gn Mstlmarcd t295 lclo2 riMsDerene t495 cl30 HMSCvcops e495 SMlo3sil6hftlBrxhrslrgrt rr95 1c103 HMsHeclor 1495 c133 HMsBserse 1495

rclos HMs Royaloak !495 FAE CH BAmsli AIRCRAFT GECMAN AIRCRAFI 1C106 HMsftneconedt4g5 1C200 Llcorc '495

BX:!fi:-1",. g:i BII&:::':tjB CH A'rea@Fr@e,.a.e*e,d.,d

TRTTON

1n250th

SCALE

TRoNcLADS

1860-1880

A U S T F A L I A N A G E N T A A T - I L E F I E L O 5O Cli$old P.rrde, C.mpsie, N S.W Au.lt.li!.

POSIAGE & PACKING U K 1 O o t o r d e r v a l L e

over ag posr iiee B F P O ( E u r o o e ) a s a b o v e s F P O ( O u l s ' d e E ! . o p e )

3O9"order E l r o p e 2 o % o d e t I s a. l 20% order ;i,:;;;;" ] 40a orde' W E A C C E P T B A R C L A Y C A i O . A C C E S S . B A N K A M E R I C A R D . E U R O C A F O . V I S A . C H A R G E X . & M A S T E R C H A F G E J ! S I S E N O Y O L I R C A F D N U M A E R

1992

SKYTREX

CATALOGUE

f2.50

POST

FREE

DAVCO 1/3000rh SHTPS WW2 STARTEN PACK C'-50 WW2 EXPANSION PACKS BRnSE BAnE GFOUP. . . .. . f1.00 Rodi.r, w.tspir!, Mahra Doaetshi,., fiii, ?rr''b,r cras der,ove6

BBITISHCARFIENCFOUP. f4OO A Royal, lllunious, Glo.ious, Aj , GERMAN8AITTEENOUP,,.,.,. .I4OO InpiE GEl, Zeppelii, GEI SpE., lippar, korr, 2 Mass cras desr'oycG IIALIANBANLEGFOUP,.,., ., "OO vitro o v.nero, c*n ,TEnro, Bdhrnd, Grijbaldi, 2 Soldali d.stloyeu SntnsH coNVoY ...€1.0{ 1 M.rchad rn.i.tr c.ri.', zV&W Cla$ deslroy.6, 2 Flow.r Class @d.n.i 6

TB|TON' I/1200th NAPOLEONICNAVAL superb whitemetal kits

NAPOTEONICNAVAL STABTEE PACKfI3,5O c o n l a i n s . u e s - 3 r d r a t e a n d l r i s a t e l o r l w o s i d e s A FEW MORE MODETS FROM fHIS SUPERB RANGE

N S 2 H M S V c r o , y l l s r , a r e ) t 2 9 5 N S 3 H M S B u r w a . k l 3 r d r a r e ) C 2 9 5 N S 6 H M S D , a n a l F n q a r e ) ! 2 5 0 N S 1 3 H M S V e n o e u ' 1 3 r d R a r e l t2 9 5 N S 1 ! H M S C a n s e s ( 3 d n a r e ) t 2 9 5 N s l 5 H M S P a r r a s l 3 2 q u n r r q a r e r l 2 5 0 N s r 6 H M s H e e n a 1 2 0 g u n s o o p ) 1 2 2 0 NS20 Lmpenar{French lsr.are) C2 9s N S 2 1 G e ^ e . e u i l F . 3 , d r a r e l 1 2 9 5 N S 2 2 L a V e n u s { F r e n c h F r s I t 2 5 0 N S 2 4 I o n n e n r l F . 3 r d F a r e l 1 2 9 5 NS29 L Egyptenne{44 qun Fr I 1250 MANY MOR€ MODETS ON fULL LIST

HINCHLIFFE

WW2 20mm

l 9 0 r o o o J a l r v w w 2 m o d e l s . s A V a I L A B L E n o l L s l d p r o - r s e T h o l a r t v i s v o i ' o o r . r o n o , v e " d l r h p C o n v e r i o l s w H Y P A Y M O F E wler ;ou ca1 i;"e rr ;BESI AVAILA BLE ar SKYTBE X PRICES.

U.S,CUSTOMERS EMPEBORSHEADOUAFTERS 5744 WEST IRVING PARK BD,

cHtcAG0, ILUNO|S, 5063 NOW HAVE STOCKS OF HINCHLIFFE 20mrn WW2 IRTTON NAPOI-EONIC SHIPS

TRITON COASTAI" FORCES AND 1/I{4th WWI AIRCRAFT

CoMIIVGSO0N EeryShemais G,ail5.va enr ies. DodqeaidChevyt!cls Geman s P guis, more Ru$'an aid Jaoanese mode s WATCH 0l-lR

1r6th scale

OUALITY WHITEMETAL KITS

NEW GENMAN MODELS 2 0 r5 2 P 7 r A ! s r B r 9 . 0 2 0 r 5 3 P r l A l s r F 1 9 4 0 1 5 5 0 2 0 ' i 5 4 P ? 3 3 r C r 9 4 0 t 5 5 0 2 0 , l s 5 P r l l A ! n E r 9 4 0 4 l 20f 77 Prr B.t.h swasoi Conm.id t5 50 2 0 N 7 3 P 4 : s s w r h 4 I A r s l n 1 5 9 5 20f33si!s AurArgro |595 ? 0 1 7 9 P i l S 9 3 3 1 5 0 m m S P q u n f5 9 5

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(13)

Aialhet shot af thc Shepvaf Club s Victlam ga e at Pa iza 92 at Kelham Hall, Nework. (See hst monlh for dnother photo of

MODERN

MUSKETEERS

"AII for one and one for all"

b," M. Bishop

D u r i n g a n d a h e r t h e V j e l n a m u J a r th e U S A r m \ c a r r i e d o u t a n u m l r e r o t b e h a \ i o u r a l s t u d i e s o f i o l d i c | S i n c o m b a t s i t u . r t i o n s . T h e s e s t u d i c s h n \ c f . r n g c d l r o n r i. \ . s t i l r r i . r t h . h c h t t \ i o u r o l r r o o p s i n a c t u a l c o m b r l I o c o n t r o l l c d c \ p . . i m c n r s N h e r e - g u i n e a pigs are placed in *ncar conrhrl condilions to c o m p a r c t h c i r r c t i o n s s i l h c o n t r o l s . A n u m b c r o f c o n c l u s i o n s h a v e b e e n d r a s n f r o m t h i s N o r k . s o m e o f $ h i c h a f e n o t o b l i o r s . T h e ! s h o $ ju s t h o * i n e f i e c t i ! e t h e a \ e r a g e s o l d i e r c a n b c a n d h o \ ' l o t a l h u n t r e t h e H o l l ! * o o d i m a g e o f s u p e r m c n $ h o a d l a n c e N i l h o u t te a r a n d h i t e \ e r ! I . r r s e l . r c r u i l h i s A r : r s c r i o u s l e v e l lh e s e s t u d i e s h r l e i n f l L r e n c e d l o N l e \ e l o r g r n i s r -l i o n o f W e s -l e r n r f m i e s - m o s t ro r l b l \ d i \ i d i n g ri f l c s e c t r c n s i n t o f i r e t e a m s . Ih e ) a l l o p r ( n i d e r r $ m a t c r l l ( r $ r i l e h o f s m a l l a c t r o n $ a r g a m € r u l c s . O n c c o n c l u s i o n $ a s t h a t n r o s r s o l d i c r \ d o n o t f i g h t o n t h e i r o s n . t h e ) f i g h t $ i t h t h c i r c o n r r l d c s . I n f a c t \ . t c r a n ! f o r m a c l o s c k n i t g r c u f o f t h r c c to e i g h t m c n in c l u d i n g o n c lc a d c r . \ r i t h a p h l s i o b g i c d l l ) o p t i m u m s l r c n l r h o f f o u r t o f i r c . N o r e r ( ) n $ . r s g i \ e n a s t o $ h ! t h . s c n u m b c r s a p p c a r c d t o h a v c a b c l r e r m o r a l c . r l l o t h c r fa c t o r s b c i n g e q u a l . t h a n s i x o r r h r c e . o r w h ] n i n c s a l * a \ s s u b d i v i d e . b u r e i e h t s d o n o t . \ V h e n is o l a r e d f r o n this group soldiers Nill freeze and Nrthdra$ lrom the ourside w o r l d . T h e e t f e c t s o f t h i s is o l a l i o n c a n b e . n h ! n c e d b I p l a c i n g t h e i n d i l i d u r i l i r a h i g h l \ d r n g € r o u ! s i l u r t i o n . O n c o f l h e m o s t i n s t m c r i \ e b a t t l e re p o r t \ I h a \ . r c a d i\ a s c r i c ! o l a c c o u n l s o f O m a h a B e . r c h o n D D a v . H u n d r c d ! o f U S t r o o p s l a n d c d t h e r e b e c a m e i s o l a t e d a n d h i d n m o n g s t t h c N r e c k a g e b e c a u s c t h e ) d i d n o r k n o N N h a t e \ a c t l \ ' $ . r s g o i r - q _{o n : l h c ! h a d n o -quidance.}a n d t h e \ t l e r e u n d e r h e a \ ' \ fi r e . t h c o n l \ r c r s o n \ \ h ! t h e A n e r i c a n s hnalh secured the beach $ as t hnt n.rtu ra l leaders rose abo\ e the dcarh and chaos and pushcd the others inlo actlon. Such men g i \ c n c l r l f a l l t h c o r d c r \ . b t r r l e a d m o r c b \ c o n s c n r t h a n a u r h o r i t \ . A s s i s t a n l l c x d c r s d o n o t r e . r l h e r i i s l . t h e \ a r c j u s l m n k a n d fi l e N i t h n l i t t l c m o r e c h a r i s m a . A n o t h e r c o r c l u s i o n $ a s t h a r m o s t \o l d i e r s d o n o r f i r e a t t h c c n . m \ : t h c ) f i r e i n t h c d i r c c t i o n o f t h c e n e m t . o r d o n o r t i r c a t r l l S u c h b e h r \ i o u r i s n o s t r a n g e r I o t h o s e $ h o s t u d v \ , t . , , , , r " ! \ " r . " r . . i n , r . i s r , r ' r m p o r r a n r r e , r , . ' , o r training methods. It is nrcrc surprising for it to happen in modcrn warfare with its more accurale and longer ringed small a r m s . b u t i r d o e s a c t u a l l v o c c u r . l n f a c l lr o m . r m i l i t a r ! p o i n l o f v i e \ \ r h e l e a d e r is r h e m a n r l h o i n l l i c r s m o n o f t h c c n e m v c a s u a l t i e s w h i c h th e g r o u p m a ! c a u s e . H e i s a l s o th c o n e \L h o s i n g l e - h a n d e d l r t a k e s t h e e n e m ! b u n k e r . q h j l s t t h e o t h c r r c o s e r o u l o f s i g h t H o s e \ e r t h e l e i d e r s h o u l d n o l b e s e e n . t s r fcarlest hero. $p.ciallv if he is a letefan One studv sholved t h a t v c t c r a n s c o n s i d c r th c s u r \ i v a l o l t h e m s e h e 5 a n d t h e i r m a t c s m o r e r m p o r t r n t th a n t h e u n i t s o p e r a t i o n a l o b j e c t i l e s . F o r c x a m p l e . if s e n t o u t o n p a t r o l v e t e r a n s $ i l l o f t e n f i n d $ m c $ h c r c t o h o l e u p u n t i l i t i s t i m e t o r e t u r n h o m e D u r i n g t h e S e c o n d \ \ o r l d \v a r s o n c U S ! c t e r a n s s e n r e v e n f u r t h e r I f l h e i r s q u r d $ a s g i l e n a l a r g e n u m b e r o f r c c . u i t s t h c v w o u l d u s e t h e m a s a s k i r m i s h l i n e in f r o n t o f l h c n s e h c s . If t h c r c c r u r l s r a n in t o the enemv and got $iped out then ir w.rs obliousl! not safc to A q u i c k a n a l ) l i s o f t h i s p r e s e n t s a p i c t u r e o f a g r o u p o f b a c k - s l i d c r s * h o p u t t h c i r l i v c s rb o ! c ! n v t h i n g c l s e . a n d o n l ) o n e o f t h e m is g o i n g t o d o a n v r c a l d r m a g e t o t h c e n e n l \ A f e s v e a r s a g o I \ r o t c a l c t o f r u l c s o n th i 5 b r s i s . n o t ju s t u s i n g t h e U S a r m ) s t u d i c s . b u t a l s o b a t t l e re p o r t s b r i n d i l i d u a l s . T h i s is n o r c f l c c t i o n o n t h c o c i n a l m a t c r i a l . it $ a t j u s t t h a t r t d i d n o t c o r c r a l l t h c r s p c c l s o f c o m b a t $ h i c h I N i l h e d r o i n c l u d e i n t h e r u l e ! . C o m b a t $ a \ f a i f l ) c o n v e n l i o n a l : l v i t h t h e e ) i c e p t i o n o l s n i p e r s . a l l f i r i n g $ a s a r e a fi r e . B u l t h e m o r a l e s e c t i o n N a s m a f k e d l y d i f f e r e n l . I N i s h e d t o s i n g l e o u t t h e l e a d e r . s o r h a t h c c o u l d k e e p f i g h t i f l g \\ h i l s t h i s m a t e s h i d . )et keep a closc

(14)

t 4

identity with them. As I hold the view thatgood quality troops are not better than poor qualiry troops, (they just do not perform so badly), it was necessary thatthe rules reflected this, hence selecting from a group of dice rather than a straight modifier for the unit's basic morale. The battle reportswhich I read seem€d to indicate that soldiers in action have tunnel vision. ifit is not happening to them (or theirrnates, it is really the same thing) then it has litde impact on them. One good reason for front line troops having tunnel vision is that most front line troops are suffering from fatigue caused by lack of sleep, too much noise, etc.

"Firepower" _{(the rirle I adopted}_{for the rules)}_{becane larger} than life during a counter ambush scenario I ran. (A counter

a n b u s h i s w h e r e t h e a m b u s h € r s t h e m s e l v e s a r e a ' n b u s h e d ) . A n ambushersquadin a {orward position came under fire and took

casualties. The leader and one other remained fighting, whilst the others froze. The attackers threw two squads at the wood, borb of which were beaten off by the leader, at times fighting alone. In fact the leader ran out of ammunition and had to scavenge it from the others. ln the endthe attackers withdrew, partlybecause they€ould not acquire a machine gun which was also firing at them, butprincipally because they could not defeat

THE \4ORALE

SECTION

FROM.FIREPOWER'

Era

The rules can be used for actions ftom the mid l9th Century 1o the early 21st Century for troops using modem small arms- If used in Colonial actions then they should not be applied to troops arned with nothing better than primitive fire arms, or standing in close orderformations. The strength ofeach side can vary from two five man squads to a weak company. The nurnbers deployed are purely dependent on the action being fought and 6gures available- However I severely resirict AFVS and artillery.

perfectly reasonable to considerthose in the turret as a weapons crewand thedriveras a separate individual in the Group.

All Groups, officers and specialists are given a morale level

Irvel 1 Fanatic 2 Aggressive 3 Confident 4 Timid 5 Fearful Morale Die Lowest ofthree D6 Lowes. oftwo D6 One D6 Highest of two D6 Highest of three D6

Tests I and 2 are taken during movement. tests 3 and 4 after combat. Roll dice for the Group and test the morale of each rnember. This may lead to differing states of morale for different members. If so then they will react accordingly.

1) Wish to charge, or start an advance in the direction of present/past enemy fire.

2) Beingcharged by enerny which the Group is not charging. 3) Figures attemptingtostop a rctrcat, or recover from afteeze, or recover from being shaken.

4) Under fire (unless in a bunker or AFV and received no casualties) or in a melee.

Factors appli€d in above tbur cares

Percasualty last (case l or 2) or this (case 4) tum

Under HE fir€

Under LMG/HMG fire Not under fire

Underfire from unacquned enemy Enemy is behind an obstacle Figure is shaken or frozen Group is advancing

Received more melee casualties this tum than the enemy

Spacing: no Groupmember is in sight0, a Group rnenber is in sight 1.

l 2 + l + l 3 4 + 1 + 2 + 1 - 1 +2 +2 + 1 + 1 1

+3

+2 -2 + l +2 +2 I Scales I figure l m m I t u r n : l m

In practice I use a ground scale of2mm to 1m and the rules usedcould easily accommodate 4mm to lm. It dependson how much space you have available. The length of a turn can vary fron 30 seconds to2 minuies, long enough forweapons to inflict a large number of casualties, but no so long that everybody is incapacitated before they can react. Incidentally I ignore the difference between those who are dead and those who wish they were!lfsomeone cannotcontinue b fighthe is removed. Organisation

The basic unit for morale is the Croup and it starts the action with three to eight figures, including a leader who usually holds some form ofjunior rank. If the smallest sub unit of a formal organisation is stronger than eight fighters then it should be divided into two ormore Groups ofapproximately equalsize-Officers are commanders of units of three or more Groups. They may join a croup on a temporary basis. Specialists. such as snipers and forward observers, may operate independently-They nay no. join a Croup. Detached offic€rs and specialists are treated asone man Groups.

Weapons crews are fighters manning a weapon which is dependent on more than one individual to operate it. The reason for their improved norale is that there is feedback between them, so they can reassure one another. Weapons crews can vary from squaddies manning an LMG, to artillery gun bunnies, to tankies. The principal qualifications are thaa they must be able 1() communicate with each other and all are required ro operate the weapon- In the case of tankies it is

within 50rnm -2,

within l2.5cm (figure is a detached officer/specialist) -4, figure is in aweapons crew -6

(all above are not accunulative) Conmand: figure is aleader -2, an officer is wilh the Group -2

Uniasiz€: if Group is 4/5 figures strong and has no officers I Total casualties: +2 per leaderor officer in the Group who has been incapacitated,

+1 per other in the Group who has been incapacirated lf the final result is zero or less carry on. otherwise rcact as follows:

Case l) No advance this tum. If shaken in the open then retreat for three tums,

Cas€ 2) Retreat for three tums if shaken in the open; become shaken if no1.

Cas€ 3) Continue retrearremain frozen or shaken.

Cas€ 4) (under fire) If in open then move to covernot occupied by known enemy, or go prone; iI in cover go prone; ;f prone, l r e e r e : a n ) r e t r e a r i s d e l a y e d . b u t n o t c d n c e l l e d .

Case 4) (melee) Retreat three turns ifshaken, retreatthree turns or become shaken ifnot.

Frozen troops may not move except to es€ape ftom a destroyed vehicle. or fight. They will surrender to any enemy

(15)

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within 12.5€m who can then move them. Retreating figures m o v e a t m a x r m u m s p e e d a n d m a y n o t \t o p r o f i r e o r g o p r o n e i n theopen. Shakentroops are less effe€tivein rnelees.

Bunkers: defenders may ignore any morale result which orders a rctreat as longasthey rcmain in thebu.ker.

V€hicl€s: troops baling out of a destroyed vehicle ignore the nature ofthe weapon which actually destroyed ir.

I{you believe that troops do not have tunnel vision and will quicklyreact to losses in otherGroups then applythese DMs: +1 per 3 incapacitated rnembers of other visible friendly Groups

-l per 3 incapacitated members ofvisible enemy croups +l per friendly Group seen to be retreating

-l per enemy Group seen to be retreating

The morale effect of an officer can be changed from 2 to - I to 3 depending on the officer's charisma and the respect his men hold him in.

VIETNAMWAR MORALE

US and Australian specialforces; Fanatic A u \ t r a l i a n l i n e : A g g r e ' s i v e

US Armyregulars and marines: Confident

US Army conscripts: Tinid

AR\4\ in defence: Confident

ARVN in attack oron patrol: Timid

Vietcong and North Vietnamese: Confident or Timid (dependingon which part ofthe war)

Civilians Fearful

If a Group consists of mixed morale classes then diff€rent figures may react to different die, e.g. a squad of US regulars and conscripts would roll two dice, the firsr (of a particular colour) would be used for the regulars, the highest of the two would be used for the conscripts.

LTTERARYSOURCES

Filepowef. Chris Dempsler and Date Tomlins. The Shary End ol wat, lohn Ettis.

Dah,n of D- DaJ , Da\id Ho\ tatth. The Face ol Battle, Iohn Keegan. FirrrS Z,ae, Richard Holmes. Wat on the Mind, Peter W atson. Death's Men, Denis winrer.

For the combat sections I watched news clips on the television. They confirmed what was written on firing, namely that most troops do not aim at specific targets, they just fire at

15

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Abo\c: Marlburian period Engli'h u illu\ ba nbat.l a illage. 25mnt Slral?9ent ligurc s de plq e.l in a ga"k skised b\ the C ,tnsb\ Waryatnts Ctub at Pani.etl 9l in Ntfork.

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(17)

BACKTOBASICS

III:Arttfiery

By RichardCbke

When consid€ring aitilery we may often look at its develop-ment do*n the centuries, From the mechanicallv Dowered engines of ancient times, to the higtrly specialised wiapons we see today, with guns desigtred for use sol€ly against armour€d vehicles, oa aercplanes, or boats, even weapons which kill countless human-b€ings, and yet leave buildings and infrastruc-ture undamaged. The list is virtually endless, bdt do we ever consider why this diversification has happened, or how best to use this powerful arm of our miniature amies. I bope we do. Napoleon clearly did and it helped his career no end. As \r'ith the previous two anicles we will be looking at this Factical side of things, and showing some examples in the folm of a game report. Fintly though, let us look not at how d€velopment has occurred, but why.

Technological advanc€ments tend not to happen by accident, and this is as true of artill€ry as of anything els€. Before anyone invents anything there must generally be a n€ed, or at least a wish lor it. No one. for example, invented armour-piercing shells until someone else had invented tanks. Eadv artillerv pieces. Iike the ir a ncient forerunner the siege engine. *ere seen as little use for anlthing other than sieg€s, due to their Iack of mobility. lt must have been clear however, that artillery could make a worthwhil€ contribution io a field battle, if only they could get there in time. So, due to this demand, the gun carriage was invented. This enabled the guns to keep up with their comrades in the infantry. Ho'se artillery was merely a logical step away. Light€r guns and mounted guturers gave cavalry the support they needed, enabling them to both hold a d€fensive position and attack the €nemy more effectively. The howitzer was also mercly th€ ofhpring of the siege mortar of old, rhe modem infantry mortar and field anilery being the latest in that panicular line of the family tree.

Over the centuries both military men and scientists have looked for ways to make artillery more effectiv€. This has taken us from bronze muzzle{oading smoothbore pieces to the modem specialist weapons and missiles we have today. All the time this quest for improvement has really been nothing more than a case of trying to go one step further ihan anyone else. lf your gun has a longer nnge than your enemy's you can destroy him before he is in range, or if your gun is twice as accumte you could do twice the damage. As new forms of w€apons were developed, new typ€s of artillery developed too, to counter the new threat. What should always be remembered when using

artillery in a wargame, is tbat it is mo6t effective when used in the role forwhich it was designedl horse anillery is Do us€ in a siege, and siege artillery cannot give clo6e support to a unit of cavalry. Like most theories therc is always one exception which beggars tbe rule. In this case the 88mm cerman Flak gun of th€ Second World War was more than effective against tanks, but I suppose one can always use a sledgehammer to crack a nut!

So, aside ftom saying "us€ the gun in the role it was built for", what is the best way to get the mo6t from our artillery. l,et us start at the beginning by defining what the rcle of artill€ry is. In my view this can be summed up in two points. Firstly to support their own infantry and cavalry, and secondly to desrroy the enemy, either physically or morally. The first point is s€lf er(planatory, and covers either offensive or defensive situations. The second is more interesting. By intimation it states that it is not or y casualty losses that destroy a unit, it may simply be the nasty barying nois€s ! This is panicularly true of inexperienced troops. So now we know what they are there to do, how do w€ go about getting them to do it?

Before looking at an)'thing else we must examine what the anillery is doing before battle is joined, wherc their place is in the line of march. As we saw last month cavalry have a definite place in an army on the move. Thefu positioning allows thom to best play their role when the enemy is met. The artilery is little different. As soon as the enemy is contacted it must be able to deploy as quickly as possible to support its commd€s in the other ams. ln some periods this could mean it being vinually at the head of the colunn, in others ten miles distaDt. This must depend on the range and accuracy of the guns, and, indeed, on the ability to communicate from the target area to th€ baltery. Unobs€rved firc can often be more of a haz:ard to ftiendly troops than to the enemy. In later periods it matters not wher€ the field artillery deploy, as long as they hav€ acc€ss to the sky, and are in range, they can drcp their shells wher€ver they lvant to. Prior to this century however, things were a bit morc complex. There were definite advantages and disadvantages associated with the choosing of deplolment areas. This is still fire for direct fue pieces, such as anti{an} guns. We shall look at these shortly, but fiIst let us look in morc detail at dle lin€ of march. With the direct fire weapons of the nineteenth century and tefore, at least some pan of an army's artilery should be near the front of the column. This will enable the army as a whole to deploy into batde formation with artillery support

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1 8

Iiom virtually the wordgo. Atlhispoint the a illeryisthereto do two things. One, to stop the enemy launching an attack before your force is in a position to reply, and secondly to draw the eflemy'sfirefrom your forming troops. Without artillery in the vanguard your infantry and cavalry would be forced to deploy whilst under fire, not to mention the threat of assault. Some historical amies have put all theirguns near the front of the column, some favoured merely a proportion. I must side withthe latter. If the cavalryderelicttheirduties, andthe rearof the column is attacked, then help from the guns may be a long way off. So, now we know where to keep ourartillery while on themarch.let us lookwhere to Dut them in a battle.

By definition a line of sight weapon is at its most effective when it can see things. Looking at prints of English Civil lvar battles one tends tofindthat when the initial lines are dra{n up ahe guns are situated at wo.st in the fuont rank, and, more often, slightly ahead oftheir infantry comrades. This was not because they were used as some kind of flarning pig, trundled ahead to be rammed into the enemypike blocks, but wasto give them the clear fields of fire they needed to be effective at the start of the battle. This tactic was fine when battles were fought by relatively small armies in open terrain not much larger than a few fields. It was a case of to hell with the terrain, j ust stick the guns out fuont and let them get on with it. As time progessed and armies, and consequently battlefields, grew in size, things got a bit morc complicated. The battle lines were stretched longer and longer, and terrain factors became moreimportant. Hills were valuable, not just because they were difficult to charge up, but also because they offered good panoramic views of the land around. This should aho be true on the wargames table, units which were previously hidden become visible and good targ€ts. Hills were not the only terrain factor to be of concern to the artillerist. Too much cover near deployed guns could allow an enemy to move up unseen. This left the guns susceptibl€ to attack by enemy infantry or cavalry and, whiht poweful, their firepower would probably nol be sufficient to balt an ordered charge from close quarters. What anillery need is generalty a chance to whittl€ down the enemy as they advance across open ground- In melee gunnerc arc notoriously inept, prefening to runratherthan fight to the last Inan (andwho can blame them). So wherever you place your artillery, try and ensure that any approach by ihe enemy would be seen, or better still, give them sone infantry or €avalry support.

Wlen laying guns it is important to think ahead, in terms of yourplansandin termsof terrain. They maybe ideallyplaced at the beginning of the game, but whathappens after a few moves. If you nay have to move them, think caretully. Artillery, particularly ihe field variety. is not the fastest thing on the bauletield. ll cannot climb over walh. lwim acros. rilers or junp over hedges. Ensuring that your guns have ac€ess to a road will not only enable you to move them to support any advance more readily, it may just save them from capture if things don't go to plan.

Another matter to consider. in addition to terrain, when deployingis that of concentration. It may be reassuringto your troops to have guns dotted along your entire frona, lending support to the whole line, but the effect on the enemy will certainly be watered down. Napoleon learned that concentra-tion wins battles, and so shouldwe. As discussedwhen looking at infantry, every battle has its critical point. The seoet is not just guessingwhere thatpoint willbe, but dictatingwhere, and when, it comes. lf then, in addition to having superiority of infantry at that point, you have a superiority of adllery, then losing becomes even more unlikely. This is really to my mind the most important lesson with artillery, and any firepower for that matter: concentration equals success. It is the difference between whittling away at a number ofunits, and making great big holes in them one at a time. A trickle of casualties is generalty suffered sroically by a unit; losing 40% in one fell

swoop is not - they tend to run away,

If concentration is the most important principle, then mobility must surely be a €lose second. It is vital that artillery is available to carry out its duty to support the other arms. If this means moving, do it. Here, however, there must be a dder added. Don't move them for the sake of it. Guns can be very effective indeed, but they do take time to achieve maximum efficiency. Even when they get to where they want to be, they have to unlimber and range in. Add to this the time spent limbering up and actually moving, and they could be out of action for some time. With the sizes oftables we as wargameft tend to play on, if you choose your spot with foresight at the start of many games, you may find you do not have to move an inch. If so, great. If however, you do find that your guns are badly positioned, for God's sake move them, they achieve nothing when they do nothing, and really they can be match

Horse artillery must be mentionedwhen discussing mobility. They were developed to use this principle to the full. Their crews were trained to move up to close range and blast holes in the enemy's mnks with cannister fire. This enabled the cavalry to break into what moments before had been a solid, unbrcakable wall of nen. Whilst this tactic exposed them to certain risks. ihe dividends were hieh andconsidered worth it.

So, now we know where we are giing to deploy, let us look at whaa we are going to shoot at. Artillery is always at its most efrective when firing at dense targets. No matter how well trained thegunne are, there isvi(ually always deviation from the point of aim. So logically, the bigger the larget, the more chance there h ofhitting it. Cavalry and infa.try cotumns, and infantry squares make the best targets; close order lines are a near second. Skirmish lines make bad targets and should be avoided unless they pose a direca threat. In real warfare ammunition is not limitless. and would not be wasted- This factor is not always reflected in the rules we use; it should be. Wargamers certainly behave in a more realistic fashion when they know they cannot blaze away all day. All of a sudden targets are prioritised andpicked withcare.

Stating, as we do, that artillery is a support weapon, let us look how, in an ideal siluation. they would work iogether with their infantry to attack an enemy position.

Firstly one would see an anillery duel. Some wargamen feel that this iswrong, condemningcounter-batteryfire as a waste of bothtime and ammunition. I cannot agree. Without ex€ePtion it was a recognised tactic in every period of history. Until the enemy guns are silenced the risks involved in sending infantry forward to attack ar€ horrific. I personally f€el a lot happier trying to get rid ofmy opponent's guns first. Once this has been achieved the artillerywill be free lofire on the enemy infantry. At this stage this will be aa long range, so that the enemy cannot reply by scoring hits on the gun crews. The enemy, now taking casualties and unable to answer back, will find his morale dropping rapidly. It could be that he will wilhdraw from his positions at this point, to take cover elsewhere. Should this be the case then the artillery has achieved the objective without risk or loss to theircomrades in the infantry. Should this not be lhe ca.e lhen il will be necesrar) lo move on lo the nexl .lep This involves the infanlry moving into small arms range and opening fire on the enemy line. Ar this point this should be at extreme small armsmnge, minimising casualtieson both sides, but naintaining the pressure. Under cover of this fire the artillery should move forward, into cannister range ifpossible. The enemy foot can now be subjected to withe ng fire from both the artillery and the in{antry. This will then, in the final st€p, be followed up by an infantry assault. By now this should be a mere formality, the initiation ofa charge being enough to drive the defenders from theirposilion.

So, now we have seen what to do, and what not to do, let us look at a game I recently umpired. which illustrates some ofthe

(19)

Q aorsourcno Q ?..?

e;-€r--\"i"jii:

VIEUXVLLE @ SHERMAIiI : EF PRIEST JII INFANTFY

ce

eosoulono €i

_{a,z_A-<elt}

points discussed. Proving that the principles we have seen do notjust apply to the horse and musket period, this game was set in France, in the summer of 1944. The scenario was set in the pedod after Falaise, when the Germans were attempting to form a stable front line; a small Alliedforce was sent to attempt to cross the dver Perrier. Their force was made up of four Shermans, three sections of infantry in half-tracks, and two Pdest self-propelled guns. The Gernans, in their attempt to stabitise the situation. had disDatched a small force to hold the river line. Thh included four PAK 40 anti-tank guns and three sections of infantry. Map 1 shows the situation in the early phases ofthe game. The German playerhas chosen to split his anti-tank force to cover both bridges. To the north he has crossed the river, making use of the cover and added visibility provided by the wooded hill overlooking the northerly bridge. To the south the remainderofthe ATguns have deployed in the Boisde Sud, ready to take on an enemy foolish enough to cross there, The thrce sections of infantry have made the most of the cover provided. Onejoiningthe PAKSinthe Bois de Sud, one digging in in the small central copse, and one enjoying the comJorts of Vieux Ville. The Allies. unaware of the Germans' presence, are advancing up the road in column, lanks to the fore, followed bythe infantry, andthen the Pri€sts.

Map 2 shows the less than tranquil situation a fbw moves later. Continuingin column theAlliedtankshad almost reached rhe bidge. At that moment, with all four shermansonthe open rcad, the PAKS in the Bois du Nord made th€ir presence known. Hil in the flank the two lead tanks quickly lived up to theirnickname "Ronson", bursting into fiames. The remaining two tanks turned tail and fled for the cover of Neauville. Only one ofthem made it. By good use of cover and making the most of the telrain, the Germans had destroyed 75% of the Allied tank force. The cool headed Allied commander reacted quickly however. Two sections ofinfantry, still to the*estofNeau lle, debussed and ran for the tree line ofthe Bois du Nord. well to the west of the PAKS'position. The Priests, keeping the village between them andtheenemy, headedforsome dead ground to the rear of a small hillock to the south of Neauville. The remaining ta4k and infantry section stayed well hidden in the village. Within minutes their counter blow was delivered. The Allied infantry in the Bois du Nord advanced speedily ontothe anti-tank gun position. The German commander, in his €agemess to monopolise on the killing ground provided, had made two fatal mistakes. Firstly, the wooded tenain made it virtually impossible to extricate the guns from their position, and, secondly, no infantry suppofi had been given. The inilial victory now looked somewhat Pyrhic.

The Allied commander nowhesitated, he hadcertainly dealt with the filst thr€at, butwhat else lurked ahead? Looking at the nap he surmised that there were four possible areas of threat. Vieux Ville, the small central copse, the Bois de Sud, and the €opse to the west of the southerly bridge. On this basis he

decided to ignore the southerly €rossirg altogether, and concentrate on the northem one. Had they been in Germany he would undoubtedly have ordered his Priests to open fire on vieux Ville, despite not beingsure ifit wasoccupied ornot. But this was France, and the civilians were, at least officially, on the same side. So no banage. Instead the infantry, having destrcyed the PAKS, were ordered to move down and across the bidge. This they did, and on reaching the other side of the bidge were met with fire from the German infantryin both the copse and the village. The luckless infantry were forced to go to ground, mainly in the water of the river, its banks offering the best protection. The French civilians were forgotten, the Priests opened up on the village. At filst the shells fell long, but after some corection were hittingthe mark consistently. Duringthe duration of this barrage. the remaining Sherman and the last infantrysection moved up from Neauville. The Germans had no reply to the shelling. and ascasualtiesmounted morale began to suffer. Upon the advalofthe Sherman at the bddge the Priests abruptlychanged targel. The Germansin the copse cowered in their trenches as the high explosive shells smashed into their position. The Allied infantry, informed of their comrades imminent change of targei moved up and stormed the Vi€ux ville. The remaining Germans were more than ready to lay down their arms. With the village captured, and rhe shelling continuing, the Germans in the copse pulled out, fallingback on the remaining anti-tank guns in the Bois de Sud. At this point the German €omnander decided that disoetion was indeed the b e r r e r p a r t o f v a l o u r . a n d p u l l e d o f f h i s r e m a i n i n g f o r c e .

After an inital shock, the Allied commander had won the day. His victory, whilst skilful in as much that he had reacted quickly, seizingthe initiative from the enemy and concentraling his artillery fire for maxinum effect, was by no means perfect. His self-propelled artillery pieces, so important to the victory, had no infantry suppo(. Had the Germans pushed their third infantry section across the southerly bridge they could well have proved a considerable threat. Had the Priests been destroyed, the fate of the Allied infantry would have been sonewhat different.

lgnoring errors, however, what we did see was three arms operating in mutually complementary roles. The inlantrycould not have captured Vieux Ville without the anillery, the artillery could not do it without the infantry, and the tank, whilst somelhing of a spent force, was lhere suppo ing th€ infantry assault, as the cavalry of earlier wars would have been.

Over the three articles to date, we have looked at infantry, cavalry, and anillery. All three have theirpart to play, but none can truly stand alone. We must always remember that by working together they are fused into one altogelhergreater and more powerful force.

(20)

(21)

2 l

"Il[Y GOD - MAfWAND!" (Lefi$t Maxrefi)

WARGAMINGTHEBATTTEOF

MAIWAIVD,

1880

by Paul D. Stevenson

.MY GOD - MAIWAND!''

The complacent Bdtish tend to sit up at news of a disaster and then make a big effort to retrieve what they should have done ight in the fint place. Victorian colonial military history has significant examples of such an attitude - Isandhlwana against theZulus, Kiartoum against the Mahdists, Majuba Hill against the Boers and Maiwand against the Afghans. In each case a small regular force, badly led or disposed, was annihilated by overwhelming numben of native troops. For the British, th€ Afghan War was somewhat different ftom these other colonial wars, in that a core of the enemy army was made up of rcgular forc€s trained on European lines with a *ell organised artillery support.

For the wargamer, the prospect of "native bashing" fades in the light of a cunning and pitiless enemy backed by artillery, such as those forces deployed by the AJghans in 1879-80. The chances of a British win at Maiwand were diminished by passive tactics which encouraged the Afghans to come to close qua(ers. At Ahrned Keyl, the British were almost overwhelmed as they deployed ftom a marching column but managed to retrieve the situation. At Maiwand they weren't so lucky. This is a battle best fought as a solo game from the British side; unless, as the British player, you can fise to a challenge. Ifthe rules are good, then the best way of dealing with the Afghans is to attack before they can tully deploy theL artillery, thus discouraging the tribesmen and upsetting the regulars who could not match the British training and weaponry.

BACKGROIJND

TO TIIE BATTLE

The battle came about as a result of a claim to the Aminhip of Afghanistan by the 29 year old Ayub Khan, brother of the lately deposed Yakub Khan. The British had the situation in Afghanistan under control. They had created a new state, Kandahar and installed Sher Ali there as Wali (ruler). They supported the new Amir, Abdur Rahmao, who, despite his Russian connection, was agreeable to several British requests.

Yakub posed a serious threat to stabilityio Afghanistan. On 9 June 1879 frorn his base in the province of Herat, Yakub moved on lGndahar with 5,000 infantry, 2,500 cavalry and six baft€ries of artillery. To prevent local tribesemen from .ioining Yakub, the Walfs British equipped army of 2,500 cavalry, 2,000 infantry and six guos, moved towards his northem ftontier. As Yakub approached nearcr, the Wali's men became restive and he appealed to the British to send help. A brigade under BrigadieFceneral G.R.S. Burrows (see army list) was sent to the Wali's assistance with ord€rs not to cross the Helmund River, which it reached on 11July. lt was agreed that the Wali's troops should be moved back across the Helmand, where they would be quietly disarmed; but before thiscould bedone, they mutinied. The infantry and artillery along with one cavalry

regiment fled towards Herat and the remaining cavalry fled for Kandahar. Burrows pursued the rebels and, after a sharp fight io which 50 mutineerc were shot, recaptured th€ Wali's guns but not the ammunition wagons. In this fight one of Burrows' captains noted the unsteadiness and enatic firing of the 30th Native Infantry - even with the enemy a long way off.

Burows could not hope to prevent Alub crossing the Helmund and, with 25 miles of desert to his rear, he decided to withdraw 35 miles to Khushk-i-Nakhud where suDDlies were more easily oblainable. But he wasstill46 miles from Kandahar and some of his officers pressed for an immediate retu to the city. On the same day (17July) as Burrows reached Khushkii-Nakhud, Ayub's advance guard reached the H€lmund. Three days later his main army came up. The Afghan arny was joined by thousands oftribesmen, stined up by the retreatofBunows.

Burrows' original mission had been thwarted bythemutinyof the Wali's troops and he awaited new orden. Lieutenant-General Primrose. commanding ihe Kandahar garrison was concemed that Ayub might movepast Kandahar to Ghazni and combine forces $ith Mohammed Jan. Burrows \r,as therefore ordered to strike a blow at Ayub, to prevent this happeniog.

On 19July Bunows hadmade camp within 3 miles of Girishk and two days later, fearing a night attack from Alub's army stationed there, he withdrew. A)'ub now slipped past Burrows and moved via Sangbur towards Maiwand. At 07.00 on the moming of27 July Burrows left hisentrenchmentsand marched from Khushki-i-Nakhud hoping to intercept Ayub's advance to Maiwand, a distance ofthirteen miles. Moving at right-angles to hill| fron Sangbur (16 miles from Maiwand) was Alub's army. Advance cavahy scouts reported the presence of the enemy to their respective commandels, with Burrows about five miles from Maiwand.

ORDERS

OF BATTLE

British Army: Brigadicr Ccn€ral G.R,S. Burrows Cs*lry: Brigadier-General Y. Nuttall

3rd Bombay Light Cavalry: 6 British officers, l3 Iodian officers a n d 3 0 0 m e n .

3rd Scinde Hone: 5 office^ and 250 rnen. Artillery: Major Blackwood

E/B Battery Royal Hone Artillery: 6 x 9 pdr light freld guns; 5 officers and 189men.

Captain Slade\ Smoothbore Battery (wali's): 4 x 6 pdls, 2 x 12 pdr howitzers; 4 offic€rs and 56 men (42 belonging to 66th Foot).

InIa ry:

H.M.66th Foot, (Berkshirc Regiment): 19 officen and 500 men (in six companiet.

1st Bombay Grenadiers: 7 British officers and 641 me .

Tuto photos of a BiiE vercus Afghot$ gane staged by Alan & Michael Perry at the Pa izan convention at Newark in lune. Figurcs arc 25nm Waryames Fountuy, designed by the twit$, v'ho abo pain ed them and soatch-built tlte builditrgs and te ain. (Burh.y didn't take the Dictures!J