AWP2 ch 14

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ADVANCED

WORD POWER

Second Edition

B

ETH

J

OHNSON

J

ANET

M. G

OLDSTEIN

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Unit Three: Chapter 14

•

anarchy

•

quixotic

•

authoritarian

•

salutary

•

depravity

•

suppress

•

meager

•

temerity

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TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

–

noun

• The day after the earthquake, the city was in a state of anarchy, with people

looting stores, stealing cars, and destroying property.

• Following the revolution, there was a period of anarchy, with several

different groups claiming to govern the country and no one really in control.

Anarchy

means

A.

poverty.

B.

disorder.

C.

sorrow.

1

anarchy

(4)

–

noun

• The day after the earthquake, the city was in a state of anarchy, with people

looting stores, stealing cars, and destroying property.

• Following the revolution, there was a period of anarchy, with several

different groups claiming to govern the country and no one really in control.

Anarchy

means

A.

poverty.

B.

disorder.

C.

sorrow.

1

anarchy

Anarchy during riots in 1863

The city must have been in a state of

disorder if people were looting,

(5)

2

authoritarian

–

adjective

• Ms. Pettigrew is easygoing outside the classroom, but when class is in

session, she is a tough, authoritarian teacher.

• Some parents let their children argue over every decision, while others

are authoritarian and expect to be obeyed immediately.

Authoritarian

means

A.

favoring freedom.

B.

favoring firm discipline.

C.

uncertain.

An authoritarian teacher

Ph

oto

: Q

ue

en

sla

nd

F

iga

ro

, 1

88

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2

authoritarian

–

adjective

• Ms. Pettigrew is easygoing outside the classroom, but when class is in

session, she is a tough, authoritarian teacher.

• Some parents let their children argue over every decision, while others

are authoritarian and expect to be obeyed immediately.

Authoritarian

means

A.

favoring freedom.

B.

favoring firm discipline.

C.

uncertain.

An authoritarian teacher

In the classroom, the teacher is tough, favoring firm discipline, in contrast to her generally easygoing nature. Parents

favoring firm discipline would expect to

be obeyed immediately.

(7)

3

depravity

–

noun

• Do you think the death penalty is justified for crimes of shocking depravity? • In the horror movie, the depravity of the villain was rendered in gory detail. I

still have nightmares about it.

Depravity

means

A.

passion.

B.

anger.

(8)

3

depravity

–

noun

• Do you think the death penalty is justified for crimes of shocking depravity? • In the horror movie, the depravity of the villain was rendered in gory detail. I

still have nightmares about it.

Depravity

means

A.

passion.

B.

anger.

C.

wickedness.

The word shocking suggest that such crimes show unpardonable

wickedness. Horror scenes gory enough to cause lasting nightmares

(9)

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

4

meager

–

adjective

• The furniture in the apartment was meager, consisting of just a cot, one

chair, and a small desk.

• Holly triple-spaced her paper and left very wide margins, but it still fell

far short of the five pages that had been assigned. Her instructor wrote on it, “This is a meager effort.”

Meager

means

A.

inaccurate.

B.

inadequate.

C.

inspired.

Meager

nutrition

Abundant nutrition

Pic

tur

e:

sam

hsa

.go

(10)

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

4

meager

–

adjective

• The furniture in the apartment was meager, consisting of just a cot, one

chair, and a small desk.

• Holly triple-spaced her paper and left very wide margins, but it still fell

far short of the five pages that had been assigned. Her instructor wrote on it, “This is a meager effort.”

Meager

means

A.

inaccurate.

B.

inadequate.

C.

inspired.

Meager

nutrition

If it were advertised as a “fully

furnished” apartment, the three pieces of furniture would be inadequate. Holly’s effort was inadequate because her paper was much shorter than required.

(11)

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

5

predilection

–

noun

• Maddie always had a predilection for vegetarianism. She stopped eating

meat when she was only five.

• Like most Labrador retrievers, Beau has a predilection for water—he

will jump into any pool, pond, or river he sees.

Predilection

means

A.

a liking.

B.

an avoidance.

(12)

5

predilection

–

noun

• Maddie always had a predilection for vegetarianism. She stopped eating

meat when she was only five.

• Like most Labrador retrievers, Beau has a predilection for water—he

will jump into any pool, pond, or river he sees.

Predilection

means

A.

a liking.

B.

an avoidance.

C.

a fear.

(13)

6

quixotic

–

adjective

• Angel quit his job to protest his company’s hiring policies, without considering

the consequences of this quixotic gesture. Now he cannot support his family.

• Jim Smith’s candidacy in the race for governor seems quixotic. He has some

grand, lofty ideas, but he’s an unknown with no sources of funding.

Quixotic

means

A.

noble but unwise.

B.

sensible but unfair.

C.

sneaky.

Ph

oto

: U

. S

. A

rm

y

(14)

6

quixotic

–

adjective

• Angel quit his job to protest his company’s hiring policies, without considering

the consequences of this quixotic gesture. Now he cannot support his family.

• Jim Smith’s candidacy in the race for governor seems quixotic. He has some

grand, lofty ideas, but he’s an unknown with no sources of funding.

Quixotic

means

A.

noble but unwise.

B.

sensible but unfair.

C.

sneaky.

Protesting unfair policies is noble, but it

is unwise not to consider the

consequences of one’s actions. Having lofty ideas is noble, but it is unwise to run for office without adequate funding.

Don Quixote is a quixotic hero, who uses a slender branch as a sword.

Ph

oto

: U

. S

. A

rm

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TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

7

salutary

–

adjective

• Studies have shown that garlic has several salutary effects, including

boosting the body’s ability to fight off illness.

• The doctor recommended that Mrs. Thornton take extra calcium, which

has the salutary effect of strengthening the bones.

Salutary

means

A.

wholesome.

B.

unknown.

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7

salutary

–

adjective

• Studies have shown that garlic has several salutary effects, including

boosting the body’s ability to fight off illness.

• The doctor recommended that Mrs. Thornton take extra calcium, which

has the salutary effect of strengthening the bones.

Salutary

means

A.

wholesome.

B.

unknown.

C.

dangerous.

(17)

8

suppress

–

verb

• Bonnie couldn’t suppress a giggle in church when the minister, calling

for prayer, said, “With eyes bowed and heads closed . . .”

• “I am opposed to censorship in any form,” said the lecturer. “When free

speech is suppressed, all other freedoms are soon crushed as well.”

Suppress

means

A.

to arouse.

B.

to reveal.

C.

to keep down.

Ph oto : G era ld L . N ino , C B P U .S . D ep t. o f H om ela nd S ecu

(18)

8

suppress

–

verb

• Bonnie couldn’t suppress a giggle in church when the minister, calling

for prayer, said, “With eyes bowed and heads closed . . .”

• “I am opposed to censorship in any form,” said the lecturer. “When free

speech is suppressed, all other freedoms are soon crushed as well.”

Suppress

means

A.

to arouse.

B.

to reveal.

C.

to keep down.

Most people would try to keep

down their giggling during prayers.

Censorship is a way to keep down free speech. Ph oto : G era ld L . N ino , C B P U .S . D ep t. o f H om ela nd S ecu

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9

temerity

–

noun

• People who rush into marriage often regret their temerity later. There’s

an old saying: “Marry in haste; repent at leisure.”

• Flagged down for a minor traffic violation, the driver had the temerity

to try to outrace the police car. This foolhardy attempt landed him in jail.

Temerity

means

A.

fear.

B.

regret.

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9

temerity

–

noun

• People who rush into marriage often regret their temerity later. There’s

an old saying: “Marry in haste; repent at leisure.”

• Flagged down for a minor traffic violation, the driver had the temerity

to try to outrace the police car. This foolhardy attempt landed him in jail.

Temerity

means

A.

fear.

B.

regret.

C.

recklessness.

If many people later regret having rushed into marriage, then a hasty marriage is often an act of rash recklessness. The word foolhardy suggests that trying to outrace a police car is an act of bold

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10

turbulence

–

noun

• “We may experience some turbulence,” the pilot announced. A moment later,

the plane was shaking so violently that some passengers began to scream.

• The kindergarten room was a scene of turbulence, with the kids racing around,

throwing things, and yelling at the top of their lungs.

Turbulence

means

A.

wild disorder.

B.

a turning point.

C.

a repeat performance.

Kayaking in turbulence

Ph

oto

: Je

rry

M

ag

nu

M

Po

rsb

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10

turbulence

–

noun

• “We may experience some turbulence,” the pilot announced. A moment later,

the plane was shaking so violently that some passengers began to scream.

• The kindergarten room was a scene of turbulence, with the kids racing around,

throwing things, and yelling at the top of their lungs.

Turbulence

means

A.

wild disorder.

B.

a turning point.

C.

a repeat performance.

A violently shaking plane and screaming passengers suggest wild disorder in the sky. If kids were racing around, throwing things, and yelling, then there was wild

disorder in the classroom.

Ph oto : Je rry M ag nu M Po rsb

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SENTENCE CHECK 1

2.

Mom was a great believer in the _________ effects of fresh air and sunshine, so she encouraged us children to play outside as much as possible.

1.

After being served only _________ refreshments at the meeting, Julio stopped at a fast-food restaurant on the way home for a cheeseburger.

Complete each item with the correct word from the box.

A. anarchy B. authoritarian C. depravity D. meager E.

predilection

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SENTENCE CHECK 1

2.

Mom was a great believer in the _________ effects of fresh air and sunshine, so she encouraged us children to play outside as much as possible.

1.

After being served only _________ refreshments at the meeting, Julio stopped at a fast-food restaurant on the way home for a cheeseburger.

A. anarchy B. authoritarian C. depravity D. meager E.

predilection

F. quixotic G. salutary H. suppress I. temerity J. turbulence

The light refreshments were insufficient to satisfy his hunger.

Mothers encourage activities that have beneficial effect on their children’s health.

meager

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SENTENCE CHECK 1

4.

People who regularly _________ anger can develop physical ailments. Rage that must stay hidden can show up as a rash, a headache, or an upset stomach—and can even be a catalyst° for a heart attack or stroke.

5.

Though it took place more than sixty years ago, the _________ of the Nazis continues to shock and disturb us.

3.

The famous novel Lord of the Flies describes young boys living alone on an island with no adult supervision, no rules, and no laws, and what happens during that period of _________.

A. anarchy B. authoritarian C. depravity D. meager E.

predilection

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SENTENCE CHECK 1

4.

People who regularly _________ anger can develop physical ailments. Rage that must stay hidden can show up as a rash, a headache, or an upset stomach—and can even be a catalyst° for a heart attack or stroke.

5.

Though it took place more than sixty years ago, the _________ of the Nazis continues to shock and disturb us.

3.

The famous novel Lord of the Flies describes young boys living alone on an island with no adult supervision, no rules, and no laws, and what happens during that period of _________.

Without adult supervision, there was an absence of authority or rules.

To keep their rage hidden, people may try to force their anger under control. Many people are shocked and disturbed by the evil, morally corrupt

actions the Nazis took against innocent, helpless people.

anarchy

suppress

depravity

A. anarchy B. authoritarian C. depravity D. meager E.

predilection

(27)

SENTENCE CHECK 1

7.

Chaos theory seeks to describe __________ in natural systems such as whirlpools and tornadoes, in which motion is wild and unpredictable.

6.

It’s easy to see that Amanda is the oldest child in her family. Her ___________ manner shows that she’s accustomed to being in charge.

A. anarchy B. authoritarian C. depravity D. meager E.

predilection

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SENTENCE CHECK 1

7.

Chaos theory seeks to describe __________ in natural systems such as whirlpools and tornadoes, in which motion is wild and unpredictable.

6.

It’s easy to see that Amanda is the oldest child in her family. Her ___________ manner shows that she’s accustomed to being in charge.

A. anarchy B. authoritarian C. depravity D. meager E.

predilection

Used to being in charge, her manner shows she expects total obedience.

Whirlpools and tornadoes are examples of irregularity, disturbance, and

agitation of water and air that are found in nature.

authoritarian

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SENTENCE CHECK 1

9.

The foolish young man decided to try to jump across the railroad track before the train passed by. His _________ resulted in his losing a leg and nearly cost him his life.

10.

Aunt Julie e-mails her Congressional representative regularly on issues she cares about. She says, “Maybe it’s _________—maybe nobody ever reads what I write—but at least I feel like I’m trying to make a difference.”

8.

Few children have a(n) _________ for liver, broccoli, and spinach. People develop a liking for such foods later in life, if at all.

A. anarchy B. authoritarian C. depravity D. meager E.

predilection

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SENTENCE CHECK 1

9.

The foolish young man decided to try to jump across the railroad track before the train passed by. His _________ resulted in his losing a leg and nearly cost him his life.

10.

Aunt Julie e-mails her Congressional representative regularly on issues she cares about. She says, “Maybe it’s _________—maybe nobody ever reads what I write—but at least I feel like I’m trying to make a difference.”

8.

Few children have a ___________ for liver, broccoli, and spinach. People develop a liking for such foods later in life, if at all.

A. anarchy B. authoritarian C. depravity D. meager E.

predilection

Liking suggests that predilection means “preference” or “tendency to like.”

Jumping across the track just ahead of a train is an example of rash boldness.

Although writing letters no one reads is impractical, trying to make a difference is idealistic.

predilection

temerity