Newsfile

Volume 14 | Issue 1

Article 2

1-1-1987

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Editorial Staff

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Six politicians w ith a Howard connection w ere v o ted in to office la s t N ovem ber — in N o rth Car­ o lin a, th e D is tric t of Colum bia, M ary lan d , M ississip p i a n d Oklahom a.

In N o rth C aro lin a, I b r r y S a n ­ ford, a H ow ard t r u s t e e a n d p r e s i­ d e n t e m e ritu s of D uke U n iv ersity , w as elected to th e U.S. Senate. He fo rm e rly se rv e d as N o rth C aro­ lin a ’s g o v e rn o r fro m 1961 to 1965.

In th e D is tric t of C olum bia, law a lu m n u s David C. C larke w as r e ­ elected to a secon d te r m as c h a ir ­ m a n of th e C ouncil of th e D is tric t of Colum bia.

In M a ry la n d , law a lu m n i A lex­ a n d e r W illiam s a n d I s ia h L egg ett w ere elected to k e y p o s itio n s in P rin c e G eorge’s a n d M ontgom ery c o u n tie s. W illiam s becam e th e f ir s t Black s ta t e ’s a tto r n e y in P rin c e G eorge’s a n d L eg g ett w o n a s e a t on th e M ontgom ery C o u n ty Council, also a firs t. B oth a re fac­ u l t y m em b ers a t th e law school.

In M ississippi, M ike Espy, a n a lu m n u s of th e College of L iberal A rts, becam e th e f ir s t Black U.S. C o n g ressm an fro m t h a t s ta te since R e c o n stru c tio n .

In O klahom a, law school a lu m n a Vickie M iles LaG range w o n elec­ tio n to th e S tate Senate.

The un iversity mourns th e loss of E d w ard W H a w th o rn e , th e v i ­ s io n a ry s c ie n tis t/e d u c a to r w ho w as d ean of th e G ra d u a te School of A rts a n d Sciences.

H a w th o rn e died O ctober 7 of p n e u m o n ia a n d r e s p ir a to r y fa ilu re , follow ing a long s tru g g le w i t h a p ro g re ssiv e ly d e g e n e ra tin g s p in a l c o n d itio n , th e legacy of a ch ild h o o d b o u t w i t h polio.

Confined to a w h e e lc h a ir sin ce th e mid-1970s, he w as “a m a n of i n ­ dom itab le w ill, te n a c ity a n d s tr e n g th , w h o c o u ra g e o u sly an d c o n s is te n tly ig n o re d h is p h y sical h a n d ic a p a n d c o n tin u e d to s triv e for excellence,” i n th e w o rd s of H ow ard P re sid e n t J a m e s E. Cheek. “He n e v e r lo st s ig h t of or d e v ia ted fro m t h is goal a n d a ll w h o w o rk ed w ith h im w ere in s p ir e d a n d m o ti­ v ated to e m u la te h i s noble

q u a litie s.”

H a w th o rn e w as also k n o w n as a m a n w ho h a d no h e s ita tio n a b o u t sp e a k in g h is m in d —even if i t ru b b e d som e people th e w ro n g way. E x p la in in g t h i s t r a i t, he once said, “I w as tr a in e d in th e sc i­ ences, w as tr a in e d to q u e s tio n a n d probe in to th e p o s s ib ilitie s of t r u t h as a day-to-day fa c t of life. It h a s n o th in g to do w i t h p e rs o n ­ a litie s. So if I d on’t t h i n k I’ll agree w i t h yo u, I’ll te ll you. I’ll say, ‘Nooo, t h a t d o e sn ’t m ak e a n y sense.’ All I ever sa id w as I re s e rv e th e r ig h t to m ake m y s ta te m e n t a n d a f te r t h a t w h a te v e r we decide, I’ll w o rk w i t h y o u as f a r as I can.

B u t d on’t p u t a m u zzle on me. I c a n ’t s ta n d th a t.” (N ew D irectio n s,

J a n u a r y 1983.)

H a w th o rn e w as in m a n y w ay s a H ow ard c re a tu re . He g re w u p n e a r th e ca m p u s, a self-d escrib ed “fac­ u l ty b rat,” w h o se s te p f a th e r w as a p ro fe sso r of m ed icin e a t th e u n i ­ v ersity. He w e n t on to e a r n tw o de­ g rees fro m H ow ard, a B.S. i n 1941 a n d M.D. in 1946; th e n w e n t on to e a rn tw o m ore degrees fro m th e U n iv e rs ity of Illin o is a t Chicago, a n M.S. i n p h y sio log y in 1949 a n d a Ph.D., also in p h y sio log y i n 1951. T h at y e a r he r e t u r n e d to H ow ard as a n a sso c ia te p ro fe sso r of p h y s ­ iology a n d w as to re m a in a fix tu re on th e c a m p u s fo r 35 y e a rs . (“I’m s o r t of lik e th e m a n w h o cam e to d in n e if he u s e d to joke.)

He becam e h ead of th e d e p a rt­ m e n t of physiology, a s s is ta n t dean, a sso c ia te d e a n a n d r e s e a rc h p ro fe sso r i n th e College of M edi­ cine a n d i n 1974 becam e d e a n of th e G rad u ate School of A r ts an d Sciences, th e n a n ew o rg a n iz a ­ tio n a l en tity .

A ll th e w h ile , he c o n tin u e d to p u r s u e w h a t w as p e rh a p s h is f ir s t love: r e s e a rc h . H is s tu d ie s on th e d e fin itio n of th e geom etric a n d dy­ n am ic sh a p e c h a n g es t h a t o c c u r d u r in g a sin gle h e a rtb e a t, fo r i n ­ sta n c e , w ere p io n ee rin g e ffo rts t h a t a re s till c ite d b y lea d in g c a r­ d io v asc u lar p h y sio lo g ists today. The sta te -o f-th e -a rt c a rd io v a s c u la r re s e a rc h la b o ra to ry h e developed for s u c h s tu d ie s a ttr a c te d an d tra in e d m a n y of th e Black c a r­ d io v asc u lar p h y sio lo g ists now p ra c tic in g ac ro ss th e co u n try .

As d e a n of th e G ra d u a te School of A r ts a n d Sciences, i t w as n a t u ­ r a l t h a t h e sh o u ld em p hasize th e

4 v alu e of re s e a rc h , w h ic h he once

d e scrib ed as “a p e rs o n a l v e n d e tta a g a in s t ignorance.” U n d er h is lead­ e rsh ip , r e s e a rc h f u n d in g c h a n ­ neled in to th e school in c re a se d a n d th e school g rew to offer some 50 p ro g ra m s of g ra d u a te study, w ith th e Ph.D. aw ard ed in 25 fields.

U n d e rly in g a ll h is a c tiv itie s at th e u n iv e rs ity , m an y believe, w as h is a b ility to c o n c ep tu a liz e a n d a rtic u la te a visio n. A v isio n of q u a lity e d u c a tio n fo r Black people a n d th e sp ecial r e s p o n s ib ility of H ow ard U n iv e rs ity to fo ste r t h a t ed u catio n.

The Howard U n iversity Jazz Ensemble, u n d e r th e d ire c tio n of Fred Irb y III, s p e n t 10 day s in P ek ing t h i s fall g iv in g c o n c erts, m ee tin g C h in ese m u sic ia n s a n d p e rfo rm in g on tele v isio n as p a r t of th e Royal Pacific C u ltu ra l Ex­ ch an g e p ro g ra m sp o n so re d by U n ited A irlin e s a n d S iste r Cities In te rn a tio n a l.

The 18-mem ber g ro u p w as jo in e d on th e to u r by c h o re o g ra p h er M ike M alone’s eight-m em ber Dance U nion. The tw o g ro u p s h a d com peted w i t h n e a rly 100 D.C. a re a m usic a n d dance o rg a n iz a tio n s to w in th e coveted c h a n ce to re p re ­ s e n t th e n a tio n ’s c a p ita l in i ts s is ­ te r city, Peking.

A ccording to C h inese officials, th e jazz ensem ble w as th e f ir s t jazz b a n d to v is it C h in a in a c u l­ t u r a l ex change p ro g ra m . In a s to r y d a te lin e d P eking, O ctober 26, Daniel S o u th e rla n d , a W ashington P ost c o rre sp o n d e n t, d e scrib ed th e re c e p tio n C hin ese a u d ien ces gave to th e u n f a m ilia r m u sic played b y th e v is itin g H ow ard g ro u p (a m ix ­ t u r e of v a ria tio n s on jazz s ta n d ­ a rd s a n d o rig in a l co m p o sitio n s t h a t w o uld have been con sidered q u ite “ta m e ” by m o st U.S. jazz audiences.)

“The C hinese re a c tio n ra n g e d fro m c u rio u s a n d d e lig h te d to p uzzled a n d shocked,” he w ro te. A nd later: “C hin ese m u sic ia n s v is ­ itin g th e A m erican p e rfo rm e rs d u r in g re h e a r s a ls h av e s h o w n a n in te n s e i n te r e s t in th e m u sic or a t le a s t in th e m u s ic ia n s ’ te c h ­ n iq u es. ‘One C hinese m u sic ia n a l­ m o st cra w le d in to m y in s tr u m e n t d u rin g r e h e a r s a l’ sa id one m em ­ b e r of th e H ow ard U n iv e rs ity group.”

I n th e above photo, C hinese m u ­ sic ia n s jo in E nsem ble m em b er Sais K a m a lid iin i n a n im p ro m p tu p erfo rm an ce.

The College of Fine A rts h o n o red D exter G ordon, th e in flu e n tia l jazz s a x o p h o n ist w ho s ta r s in th e c r i t ­ ically acclaim ed film , “R ou nd Mid­ n ig h t,” w i t h a sp ecial c o n c e rt

tr i b u te on D ecem ber 2 before a f u ll house.

The t r i b u te do ub led as a f u n d r a is e r to e s ta b lis h a jazz s tu d ie s s c h o la rs h ip a t th e u n iv e r ­ s ity in th e n am e of G ordon’s fa ­ ther, a p h y sic ia n w ho w as a H ow ard g rad u a te.

The C ra m to n A u d ito riu m c o n ­ c e rt fe a tu re d p e rfo rm a n c e s by sin g e r N ancy W ilson, g u i ta r is t S tan ley J o rd a n , th e Iference B lan ch ard /D o n ald H a rris o n Q u in te t a n d th e H ow ard U n iv er­ s ity J a z z E nsem ble, w i t h t r u m ­ p e te r J o n Paddis as sp ecial g u e st.

Speaking at the Tenth Annual Merze Tate Seminar in Diplo­ matic H istory in November a n A m erican j o u r n a l is t p re d ic te d t h a t “Over th e n e x t 40 y e a rs , p o p­ u l is t Isla m w ill becom e th e m o st im p o r ta n t ideological force i n th e world.”

The p re d ic tio n w as m ade a t th e close of a le c tu re on “T e rro rism a n d D issen t in th e T h ird W orld” by R obin B. W right, a fo rm e r cor­ re s p o n d e n t fo r th e C h r is tia n Sci­ ence M onitor, The W ashington Post, th e L o n don S u n d a y Tim es

a n d CBS News a n d a u th o r of “Sa­ c re d Rage: The C ru sad e of M odern Islam .” She is c u r r e n tly a fellow a t th e C arnegie E n d o w m en t fo r I n te r ­ n a tio n a l Peace.

Earlier, W rig ht h a d s o u g h t to de­ h u n k w h a t she sees as th e m isc o n ­ ce p tio n t h a t M u slim fu n d a m e n ­ ta lis ts w h o fav or t e r r o r i s t ta c tic s r e p r e s e n t “som e m o n o lith ic a n ti- A m e ric an force.” W hile t h i s is n o t tru e , she said , th e s e g ro u p s do have se v era l t h in g s in com m on, nam ely:

■ They d on ’t see h ija c k in g s , bo m b ­ in g s a n d o th e r s u c h a c tio n s as a n in itia tiv e , b u t as a re sp o n se , a r e ­ sp o n se to w h a t th e y see as o p p res­ sion. “M ost feel th e y a re a c tin g in defense of th e ir f a ith , d ig n ity a n d in d epen d en ce a n d a g a in s t th o se w ho o p p ress them .”

■ T h e irs is a reb e llio n a g a in s t W estern izatio n , n o t a g a in s t m od­ e rn iz a tio n . They w a n t a n tib io tic s a n d o th e r tec h n o lo g ic a l b e n e fits of th e West, she p o in te d o u t, h u t th e y don’t w a n t th e s e b e n e fits “on te rm s d ic ta te d by th e II. S.” ■ They have th e s u p p o rt of a sec­ ond g e n e ra tio n , “one k n o w in g

n o th in g b u t violence a n d enm ity?’ A nd w h a t t h i s p o rte n d s , she be­ lieves, is t h a t “t e r r o r is m as a m ean s of d is s e n t w ill escalate.”

For th o se in t h i s seco n d g e n e ra ­ tio n , as w ell as th e ir elders, “M ili­ t a n t Isla m h a s becom e a n effective idiom of d issen t,” a n d one th e U.S. m u s t come to g rip s w ith , she em ­ p h asized. To sim p ly blam e I r a n for th e in c re a s e of te r r o r is m i n th e T h ird World w o u ld be m isg u id ed , in h e r view, b e c au se sh e sees I r a n ’s role as e s s e n tia lly “to i n ­ sp ire a n d pro m o te th o se w ho w ere a lre a d y an g e re d a n d a lre a d y com m itted.”

I n a re s p o n s e to W rig h t’s lec­ t u r e , M oham m ed El-K haw as of th e U n iv e rs ity of th e D is tric t of Co­ lu m b ia, p o in te d o u t t h a t “t e r ­ r o ris m is a lm o st e v e ry w h e re ” an d t h a t “i t is n o t a new p henom enon. In fact, th e U.S. w as b o rn i n t e r ­ ro ris m . To th e B ritis h , George W ash in gton w as a te r r o r i s t. Ter­ r o ris m is c a u se d b e c au se som e g ro u p is n o t in a g re e m e n t w i t h th e e s ta b lis h e d order?’

W ith I r a n sp la sh e d a ll over th e new s, th e tw o p re s e n ta tio n s proved b o th tim e ly a n d lively. As su c h , th e y seem ed i n k eep in g w i t h th e s p ir it of th e M erze Tate Sem i­ n a r in D iplom atic H is to ry w h ic h is n am e d i n h o n o r of th e d i s t i n ­ g u ish e d p ro fe sso r e m e rita of h i s ­ to r y a t H ow ard, th e a u th o r of n u m e ro u s p io n e e rin g bo oks i n th e a re a of dip lo m atic h isto ry .

Lawrence E. Gary, d ire c to r of th e I n s t i tu t e fo r U rb a n A ffa irs a n d R e se a rc h sin ce 1972 a n d p ro fe sso r in th e G ra d u a te School of A r ts a n d Sciences a n d th e School of Social

Work a t H ow ard U niv ersity , h a s b een a p p o in te d to a n endow ed c h a ir a t H u n te r College i n New York C ity for th e c u r r e n t academ ic year.

A ccording to P ro fe sso r Gary, he is th e f ir s t Black e d u c a to r to hold th e academ ic t itle of H e n ry a n d Lucy M oses D is tin g u ish e d V isit­ ing P ro fe sso r a t th e college. He w ill r e t u r n to H ow ard a t th e end of h is y e a r ’s te n u re .

P ro fe sso r G ary cam e to H ow ard in 1971 a n d s e rv e d as a s s is ta n t to th e vice p re s id e n t fo r academ ic a f ­ f a ir s u n t i l 1972. In a d d itio n to h e a d in g th e I n s t i t u t e fo r U rb a n A ffairs a n d R e se a rc h , he also se rv e s (since 19%) as d ire c to r of th e u n iv e r s ity ’s M ental H e a lth Re­ s e a rc h a n d D evelopm ent Center.

The seventh annual Charles H. Thompson Lecture in November fe a tu re d a d isc u s s io n of “The Haz­ a rd s in Black H ig h er E d u c a tio n ” by tw o m en w ho a re e m in e n tly q u alified to a d d re ss th e topic:

6 m a n R. B ra n so n , p re s id e n t em er­ i tu s of L incoln U n iv ersity , an d L u th e r H. Poster, p re s id e n t em er­ i tu s of Tuskegee U niversity .

In o p en in g h is p re s e n ta tio n , B ra n so n re m in d e d h is audience t h a t “Black colleges a re view ed hy m a n y w h ite s a n d a ll to o m a n y Blacks as in a d e q u a te a n d in effectu al.”

He th e n n o te d som e of th e s te p s Black e d u c atio n a l i n s t i tu t io n s m u s t tak e to overcom e th e s e p e r­ cep tio n s, am ong th em : “d em o lish ­ in g th e n o tio n t h a t o u r colleges deserv e o n ly tric k le s of p riv a te c o n trib u tio n s ;” e s ta b lis h in g p ro ­ g ram s to com bat th e d ecrease in th e n u m b e r of Blacks in g ra d u a te school; p re p a rin g s tu d e n ts fo r a c o m p u te riz ed age; a n d a d d re ssin g th e problem of th e h ig h d ro p o u t r a te am ong B lack college m ales.

P o ster cite d sm a ll a n d slip p in g e n ro llm e n ts, incom e t h a t is heav­ ily d e p e n d en t on tu itio n , p la n t de­ te rio ra tio n a n d goals t h a t a re i n p a in f u l need of re s h a p in g as som e of th e key pro b lem s p la g u in g h i s ­ to ric a lly Black colleges today.

Not s u r p r is in g ly for a m a n w ho w as once a bu d g e t officer a t H ow ard a n d b u s in e s s m a n a g e r of Tuskegee, he called for “s tra te g ic m a n a g e m e n t” as th e f ir s t lin e of defense a g a in s t th e s e problem s. In h is view, “s tra te g ic m an a g e m e n t c a n help b u ild s tr e n g th s for a n y in s t i tu t io n — w h a te v e r its m ission.”

The le c tu re s e rie s ’ p re v io u s g u e s t sp e a k e rs w ere B e n e tta Ju le s-R o se tte , E d m u n d W Gordon, F lo re tta D ukes McKenzie, B e rn a rd W H a rle sto n , A lliso n D avis a n d S tephen J. W right.

C harles H. T hom pson, for w hom th e se rie s is nam ed, w as a n in f lu ­

e n tia l e d u c a to r w h o a cted in m a n y roles a t H ow ard. He w as c h a ir m a n of th e D e p a rtm e n t of E d u catio n , d ean of th e College of L ib eral A rts, d ean of th e G rad u ate School an d fo u n d e r/e d ito r of The J o u r n a l o f Negro E ducation, to n am e som e of them .

A Radii

Audrey B. Chapman

Audrey B. Chapman, a fa m ily th e r a p is t w ith th e H ow ard U n i­ v e rs ity C oun seling Center, h a s b een a t th e c e n te r of a w h ir lw in d of p u b lic ity s u rr o u n d in g h e r re ­ c e n tly rele ase d book, “M an S h a r­ ing: D ilem m a or Choice?”

She w as g u e s t of h o n o r a t a r e ­ c e p tio n a t th e N ational P re ss Club to m a rk p u b lic a tio n of th e book, h a s p ro m o ted i t o n n a tio n a l te le v i­ sio n show s as w ell as on local r a ­ dio a n d tele v isio n p ro g ra m s, in c lu d in g th e u n iv e r s ity ’s WHMM- TV E vening E xchange p ro g ra m an d WHUR radio, a n d h a s b een th e su b je c t of n u m e ro u s n e w sp a p e r a rtic le s a n d co lu m n s.

“C hapm an ta k e s a h a r d look a t b o th th e p ro s an d cons of s h a rin g

a m a n in a n e ra w h ere exclusive re la tio n s h ip s a re h a r d to come by, a n d d e m o n s tra te s how w om en can a c tu a lly b e n e fit fro m t h i s h a r s h social reality?’ n o te s a p re s s r e ­ lease fro m th e p u b lish er, W illiam M orrow & Co.

Joshua Smith, p re sid e n t a n d c h ie f ex e cu tiv e officer of th e M ax­ im a C o rp o ration, s p e a k in g a t a S em in ar on In te lle c tu a l P ro p e rty Law a t th e law school, c ite d “a n a la rm in g lack of Black e n tre p re - n e u r s h i p ’ as “th e g re a te s t social problem fo r Black people.”

In h is ta lk , S m ith also d is ­ c u sse d th e g ro w th a n d develop­ m e n t of th e M axim a C orporatio n , a R ockville, M d.-based in fo rm a ­ tio n m an a g e m e n t se rv ic es, p ro d ­ u c ts a n d su p p lie s firm , w h ic h Black E n te rp r is e in 1985 n am ed th e f a s te s t g ro w in g Black-owned firm in th e U.S.

In s h a rin g som e re a s o n s b e h in d h is co m p an y ’s su ccess, he e m p h a ­ sized th e im p o rta n c e of developing a s o u n d fin a n c ia l p la n (“You have to p la n a n d p la n a n d p la n ”), of de­ liv e rin g o n o n e ’s p ro m ises a n d of re ly in g o n legal c o u n sel before u n ­ d e rta k in g a n y n e w action.

O ther p re s e n ta tio n s a t th e se m i­ n a r d e a lt w i t h p a te n ts , tra d e s e c re ts , gen etic e n g in e e rin g , c o p y rig h ts, tra d e m a rk s a n d c a re e r o p p o rtu n itie s i n in te lle c tu a l p ro p ­ e r ty law (i.e. law t h a t d eals w ith n o n ta n g ib le prop erty .)

He c ite d th e re v o lu tio n in g en etic e n g in e e rin g as one w h ic h m u s t he of sp ecial c o n c e rn to m in o ritie s a n d d is tr ib u te d a 36-page b ib li­ o g rap h ic in d ex he p re p a re d of n e w sp a p e r a rtic le s on th e su b je c t over th e p a s t five y e a rs.

In th e in tro d u c tio n to th e in d ex , he w ro te: “Science is a r e v e re n t d isc ip lin e , b u t i t c a n n o t a n d m u s t n o t be le ft u n n o tic e d o r u n s c r u t i ­ n ize d w h e n i t involv es s u c h g re a t p o litic a l, social, m o ra l a n d legal is ­ su e s as th o se a sso c ia te d w i t h ge­ n e tic en g in eerin g .”

The In te lle c tu a l P r o p e rty Law A sso c ia tio n co sp o n so red th e e v en t w ith th e law school.

The Department of Radiother­ apy of H ow ard U n iv e rs ity H ospi­ ta l r e c e n tly p e rfo rm e d th e f ir s t h y p e rth e rm ia tre a tm e n t o n a c a n ­ cer p a tie n t i n th e m e tro p o lita n area.

The tre a tm e n t, w h ic h invo lv es su b je c tin g th e c a n ce r s ite to ex ­ tre m e ly h ig h te m p e ra tu re s , w as

once co n sid ered e x p e rim e n ta l. B ut w h e n u s e d in c o m b in a tio n w ith ra d ia tio n th erap y , i t is ra p id ly be­ com ing a s ta n d a r d w eapon in th e fig h t a g a in s t cancer, esp ec ially for p a tie n ts w ith r e c u r r e n t o r r e ­ sid u a l tu m o rs .

A number of faculty members fro m th e u n iv e r s ity p a rtic ip a te d in w o rk sh o p s sp o n so re d b y th e C ongressional Black C aucus a t th e groupfe 16th a n n u a l le g isla tiv e for­ u m s in October.

The H ow ard g ro u p in clu d e d Clive Callender, d ire c to r of th e T ra n sp la n t C en ter a t th e u n iv e r ­ sity, Alyce G ullatee, d ire c to r of th e I n s t i tu t e for D rug A b u se a n d Ad­ d ictio n , E. E th e lb e rt Miller, d ire c ­ to r of th e A fro-A m erican R esou rce C enter a n d r e tir e d jo u r n a lis m p ro ­ fesso r Sam Yette.

The great division in American society is n o t so m u c h b etw e en Blacks a n d w h ite s as b e tw e en “th o se w ho have hope a n d th o se w ho have giv en up,” d ec la re d Sen. P au l Sim on (D-Ill.) i n a D ecem ber 3 ad d re ss a t th e u n iv e rs ity . The ad d re ss c o n s titu te d th e E ig h th A n n u a l M ordecai W yatt J o h n s o n L e c tu re , n am e d in h o n o r of th e

13th H ow ard p re s id e n t w ho serv ed th e u n iv e r s ity fo r 34 y ears.

Sim on id en tified e d u c a tio n a n d jo b s as th e c ritic a l fa c to rs w h ic h give people hope. In t h i s lig h t, he w a rn e d of “th e slippage in th e p erc e n ta g e of B lacks a tte n d in g colleges a n d u n iv e rs itie s .” We have to prov ide m ore — n o t less —

e d u c atio n a l o p p o r tu n itie s for people, he said.

“The n e x t g re a t s te p to take,” he added, “is to g u a ra n te e a jo b to ev ery p erso n .” He called a tte n tio n to tw o tre n d lin es: “1) th e dem and for u n s k ille d lab o r is going dow n; 2) th e pool of u n s k ille d lab o r is going up.” T herefore, he said, “t h is m ea n s we face a choice b etw e en p a y in g people fo r doing n o th in g — since w e’re n o t going to le t people s ta rv e — o r p a y in g people fo r do­ in g so m e th in g . . . We hav e to t u r n th e lia b ility of u n e m p lo y m e n t in to a n asset,” he observed.

A t th e end of h is le c tu re , th e s e n a to r t u r n e d p hilo so p h ical: “I t ’s im p o r ta n t t h a t we look beyond o u rse lv e s . . . Somehow w h e n we lif t o th e rs , we lif t ourselves.” □